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TRANSCRIPT
Energy’s Grand Challenges
Why there isn’t an easy solution
Source: US Energy Information Administration
Today’s Energy 85.5 % = fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal) 14.5 % = nuclear and all other
sources
By 2025 87 % = fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal) 13 %= nuclear and all other
sources
World demand for energy expands 45% by 2030
Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2008
Challenge: bridge supply limitations with 24-hour demand for electricity worldwide
Image Credit: NASA
1970s: Photo from space - glow from electric lights at night.
Challenge: bridge supply limitations with 24-hour demand for electricity worldwide
Streamline electricity grid for efficiency Develop wind and solar storage systems for peak use. Continue “clean coal” technology advancements Increase use of natural gas
Image Credit: NASA
2005: Photo from space - glow from electric lights at night.
Challenge: Develop new technologies and cultural habits.
Modernize electricity grid Develop and use more efficient
transportation energy (i.e. hybrids, electric cars, hydrogen, natural gas, algae-based fuels)
Redesign homes and buildings Use less!
Challenge: Develop new technologies and cultural habits
Engineers use complex computer simulation models for design
U.S. consumes 19.5 million barrels of oil per day
U.S. produces 8.5 million barrels of oil per day
How important is oil?
Artificial HeartsAspirinBalloonsBandagesBlendersCamerasCandlesCD PlayersClothingCDs/DVDsComputersContainersCrayonsCredit CardsDentures
DeodorantDigital ClocksDyesFertilizersFood PreservativesFootballsFurnitureGarbage BagsGlassesGlueGolf BallsHair DryersHang GlidersHouse PaintInk
InsecticidesLife JacketsLipstickLuggageMedical EquipmentMedicinesMP3 PlayersPantyhosePatio ScreensPerfumesPhotographic FilmPhotographsPiano KeysRoller BladesRoofing
You can kiss lipstick good-bye.
ShampooShaving Cream Soft Contact LensesSurfboardsTelephonesTentsToothpasteToysUmbrellas
How valuable is petroleum?
Enough energy to heat 80 million homes
382 million gallons of gasoline to service stations, enabling 200 million drivers to get to work, take their kids to school, and take vacations-- traveling 7.5 billion road miles every day
67 million gallons to airport terminals, enabling 30,000 flights to travel around the world
Source: API Energytomorrow.org
In one day, the oil and gas industry delivers
ExplorationExplorationAppraisalAppraisal ProductionProduction
Refining and MarketingRefining and Marketing
The search for oil and gas
Where we find oil: porous rock
Hydrocarbon Traps
Images courtesy of http://www.planete-energies.com
Challenge: getting the oil out
Today, we can access hydrocarbons trapped in rocks with smaller, complex pores using horizontal drilling
Challenge: large oilfields increasingly difficult to find.
Seismic technology advances Breakthroughs in computer processing
power and data management needed Offshore deepwater exploration
Seismic Reflections
Challenge: getting the oil out
Deepwater DrillingThe Deepwater Pathfinder drillship (shown) can drill in water depths up to 10,000 feet
Dynamic-Positioning - Small thrusters and global positioning keep it stable, shifting less than 50 feet in any direction.
Offshore Rig
A deepwater project will:
Take many years to complete
Cost almost $1 billion USD
Employ 2000 people
Bring 50,000 barrels of oil per
day to market
Production Systems
Safety and Environmental Protection are Critical!Deepwater Horizon
There has not been an offshore accident of this magnitude in the US since the late 1960s.
2009 Analysis of U.S. Oil Spillage - API
Challenge: Recruiting the next generation of engineers and scientists
Engineering Petroleum, Chemical,
Mechanical, Others
Geoscience Geology, Geophysics
Sciences All basic sciences -
research
Business Finance, HR,
Management
Energy’s Grand Challenges
Your Questions