EmotionEmotion

EMIRATES INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLEMIRATES INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Yr.12 TOK Retreat Yr.12 TOK Retreat

2828thth JANUARY 2011 JANUARY 2011

"Human behaviour flows from three main "Human behaviour flows from three main sources: desire, emotion and knowledge." sources: desire, emotion and knowledge."

-Plato -Plato

Activity 1Activity 1

Work together in your table groups.Work together in your table groups.

Talk and about and think of as many Talk and about and think of as many emotions as you can.emotions as you can.

Now, draw a scale on a large piece Now, draw a scale on a large piece of paper, like this:of paper, like this:

Choose one emotion, which is Choose one emotion, which is neither positive nor clearly neither positive nor clearly negative and put it at zero:negative and put it at zero:

0

StrongStrong

WeakWeak

Place each emotion on this Place each emotion on this scale according to the degree scale according to the degree of its "positiveness" or of its "positiveness" or "negativeness“, and its relative "negativeness“, and its relative strength.strength.

PositivPositivee

NegativNegativee

• ResentmentResentment• EagernessEagerness• PainPain• MerrinessMerriness• JealousyJealousy• HateHate• FrustrationFrustration• AnxietyAnxiety• PityPity• Self-PitySelf-Pity• SadnessSadness• LoveLove• GuiltGuilt

• EnvyEnvy• PleasurePleasure• PassionPassion• Covert hostilityCovert hostility• AppreciationAppreciation• ShameShame• AnnoyanceAnnoyance• CynicismCynicism• InterestInterest• Aesthetic FeelingAesthetic Feeling• Love for a PartnerLove for a Partner• Love for a Pet or a Love for a Pet or a

LandscapeLandscape

Contemplate about and try to re-feel Contemplate about and try to re-feel somesome of the following more of the following more subtle emotions/feelings/moods. Try to fit those on your scale too. subtle emotions/feelings/moods. Try to fit those on your scale too. Link these emotions with the ones already on your scale (so that you Link these emotions with the ones already on your scale (so that you put the similar category of emotions close to each other on the scale)put the similar category of emotions close to each other on the scale)::

When you have When you have completelycompletely finished, compare and discuss your finished, compare and discuss your scale of emotions with those of others in your group. scale of emotions with those of others in your group.

• How do great speakers and How do great speakers and communicators use emotion?communicators use emotion?

• What can they do with this appeal to our What can they do with this appeal to our emotions?emotions?

• Convince/Persuade/Stir-up/Alienate/Convince/Persuade/Stir-up/Alienate/Distort?Distort?

Activity 2 – Using/Abusing Activity 2 – Using/Abusing EmotionEmotion

• The US Declaration of Independence – July 4The US Declaration of Independence – July 4thth 1776, 1776, states “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all states “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”

• By the 1960’s this was still NOT a reality. Black people By the 1960’s this was still NOT a reality. Black people were oppressed, segregated and discriminated were oppressed, segregated and discriminated against, particularly in the southern states of the US, against, particularly in the southern states of the US, notably in Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee and notably in Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee and Mississippi.Mississippi.

• It was these injustices of society which Martin Luther It was these injustices of society which Martin Luther King Jr. campaigned against.King Jr. campaigned against.

Activity 2 – BackgroundActivity 2 – Background

Martin Luther King Jr.Martin Luther King Jr.

““This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning 'My country 'tis of thee/Sweet land of Liberty/Of thee I sing/Land meaning 'My country 'tis of thee/Sweet land of Liberty/Of thee I sing/Land where my fathers died/Land of the Pilgrim's Pride/From every where my fathers died/Land of the Pilgrim's Pride/From every mountainside/Let freedom ring.' And if America is to be a great nation, this mountainside/Let freedom ring.' And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghanies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom freedom ring from the heightening Alleghanies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado. Let freedom ring from the ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado. Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California, but not only that, let freedom ring from Stone curvaceous slopes of California, but not only that, let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. And when this happens, when we allow mountainside, let freedom ring. And when this happens, when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:spiritual:

‘‘Free at last, free at last, thank God almighty we are free at last.’”Free at last, free at last, thank God almighty we are free at last.’”

Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC on August 28, 1963

• What techniques does he What techniques does he use to “whip up” people’s use to “whip up” people’s emotions? Try to find as emotions? Try to find as many different ways you many different ways you can in which he raises the can in which he raises the listener’s emotional level.listener’s emotional level.

• Give examples of these – Give examples of these – mark on the sheet mark on the sheet everything you have everything you have identifiedidentified

• What is he trying to say – What is he trying to say – sum up his main message sum up his main message in one sentence.in one sentence.

Look at the sheet of the text of Martin Luther King’s speech and Look at the sheet of the text of Martin Luther King’s speech and answer the following questions.answer the following questions.

““This will be the day when all of This will be the day when all of God's childrenGod's children will be able to sing will be able to sing with new meaning with new meaning 'My country 'tis of thee/Sweet land of Liberty/Of 'My country 'tis of thee/Sweet land of Liberty/Of thee I sing/Land where my fathers died/Land of the Pilgrim's thee I sing/Land where my fathers died/Land of the Pilgrim's Pride/From every mountainside/Pride/From every mountainside/Let freedom ring.'Let freedom ring.' And ifAnd if America is America is to be a great nation, this must become true. So to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ringlet freedom ring from from the the prodigious hilltopsprodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. of New Hampshire. Let freedom ringLet freedom ring from the from the mighty mountainsmighty mountains of New York. of New York. Let freedom ringLet freedom ring from the from the heightening Alleghaniesheightening Alleghanies of Pennsylvania. of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ringLet freedom ring from the from the snow-capped Rockiessnow-capped Rockies of Colorado. of Colorado. Let freedom ringLet freedom ring from the from the curvaceous slopescurvaceous slopes of California, of California, but not only that, , let freedom ringlet freedom ring from from Stone MountainStone Mountain of Georgia. of Georgia. Let freedomLet freedom ring from ring from Lookout Lookout MountainMountain of Tennessee. of Tennessee. Let freedom ringLet freedom ring from from everyevery hillhill and and molehillmolehill of Mississippi. From of Mississippi. From everyevery mountainsidemountainside, , let freedom ringlet freedom ring. . And whenAnd when this happens, this happens, whenwhen we allow freedom to ring, we allow freedom to ring, whenwhen we let it ring we let it ring from from everyevery village and village and everyevery hamlet, from hamlet, from everyevery state and state and everyevery city, city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's childrenGod's children, , black black menmen and and white menwhite men, , JewsJews and and GentilesGentiles, , ProtestantsProtestants and and CatholicsCatholics, , will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:spiritual:

‘‘Free at last, free at last, thank God almighty we are free at last.’Free at last, free at last, thank God almighty we are free at last.’””

Techniques which King Techniques which King uses:uses:

• Repetition: “Let freedom ring”, “when” Repetition: “Let freedom ring”, “when” &”every”&”every”

• Appeal to a higher power: “God’s Children”Appeal to a higher power: “God’s Children”

• Strong/BIG language: “mighty mountains” Strong/BIG language: “mighty mountains” etc.etc.

• Inclusive language: “black/white” etc.Inclusive language: “black/white” etc.

• Alliteration: “Alliteration: “mmighty ighty mmountains”ountains”

• Change from referring to “good” places to Change from referring to “good” places to “bad places”“bad places”

Aristotle on Speakers Aristotle on Speakers (from (from

“Rhetoric”)“Rhetoric”)

• The first kind depends on the personal character of The first kind depends on the personal character of the speaker the speaker [ethos][ethos]

• The second on putting the audience into a certain The second on putting the audience into a certain frame of mind frame of mind [pathos][pathos]

• The third on the proof, or apparent proof, provided The third on the proof, or apparent proof, provided by the words of the speech itself by the words of the speech itself [logos].”[logos].”

““Of the modes of persuasion furnished by the Of the modes of persuasion furnished by the spoken word there are three kinds:spoken word there are three kinds:

To what extent does Martin Luther King's speech To what extent does Martin Luther King's speech rely on Aristotle’s three ways for its effect?rely on Aristotle’s three ways for its effect?

Questions to think about:Questions to think about:

• Are the techniques Martin Luther King used, and Are the techniques Martin Luther King used, and Aristotle’s theories about speakers, only Aristotle’s theories about speakers, only applicable to speakers and speeches?applicable to speakers and speeches?

• What about What about advertisinadvertising – could they be applied g – could they be applied there?there?

• What about What about news broadcastingnews broadcasting – could they be – could they be applied there?applied there?

• What about What about booksbooks – could they be applied there? – could they be applied there?

Activity 3 - Emotion in WritingActivity 3 - Emotion in Writing

Some Facts:Some Facts:

• Name: Steve BikoName: Steve Biko

• Date of birth: 18 December Date of birth: 18 December 1946, King William's Town, 1946, King William's Town, Eastern Cape, South AfricaEastern Cape, South Africa

• Leader of the Black Leader of the Black Consciousness Movement, Consciousness Movement, Founder of the South African Founder of the South African Students' Organisation Students' Organisation

• Date of death: 12 Date of death: 12 September 1977, Pretoria September 1977, Pretoria prison cell, South Africa prison cell, South Africa

The Background - ApartheidThe Background - Apartheid• Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, Act No 55 of 1949Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, Act No 55 of 1949

Prohibited marriages between white people and people of other races. Between 1946 and Prohibited marriages between white people and people of other races. Between 1946 and the enactment of this law, only 75 mixed marriages had been recorded, compared with the enactment of this law, only 75 mixed marriages had been recorded, compared with some 28,000 white marriages. some 28,000 white marriages.

• Immorality Amendment Act, Act No 21 of 1950; amended in 1957 (Act Immorality Amendment Act, Act No 21 of 1950; amended in 1957 (Act 23)23)Prohibited adultery, attempted adultery or related immoral acts (extra-marital sex) Prohibited adultery, attempted adultery or related immoral acts (extra-marital sex) between white and black people. between white and black people.

• Population Registration Act, Act No 30 of 1950Population Registration Act, Act No 30 of 1950Led to the creation of a national register in which every person's race was recorded. A Led to the creation of a national register in which every person's race was recorded. A Race Classification Board took the final decision on what a person's race was in disputed Race Classification Board took the final decision on what a person's race was in disputed cases. cases.

• Group Areas Act, Act No 41 of 1950Group Areas Act, Act No 41 of 1950Forced physical separation between races by creating different residential areas for Forced physical separation between races by creating different residential areas for different races. Led to forced removals of people living in "wrong" areas, for example different races. Led to forced removals of people living in "wrong" areas, for example Coloureds living in District Six in Cape Town. Coloureds living in District Six in Cape Town.

• Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, Act No 49 of 1953Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, Act No 49 of 1953Forced segregation in all public amenities, public buildings, and public transport with the Forced segregation in all public amenities, public buildings, and public transport with the aim of eliminating contact between whites and other races. "Europeans Only" and "Non-aim of eliminating contact between whites and other races. "Europeans Only" and "Non-Europeans Only" signs were put up. The act stated that facilities provided for different Europeans Only" signs were put up. The act stated that facilities provided for different races need not be equal. races need not be equal.

• Terrorism Act of 1967Terrorism Act of 1967Allowed for indefinite detention without trial and established BOSS, the Bureau of State Allowed for indefinite detention without trial and established BOSS, the Bureau of State Security, which was responsible for the internal security of South Africa.Security, which was responsible for the internal security of South Africa.

Images of ApartheidImages of Apartheid

Images of ApartheidImages of Apartheid

Images of ApartheidImages of Apartheid

Images of ApartheidImages of Apartheid

Images of ApartheidImages of Apartheid

Feelings?Feelings?

• what feelings/emotions do these what feelings/emotions do these images conjure up in your mind?images conjure up in your mind?

• Think about them as you do the Think about them as you do the following activity:following activity:

Accounts of the death of Accounts of the death of BikoBiko• Read the accounts (Sources A-H) of Steve Biko’s death.Read the accounts (Sources A-H) of Steve Biko’s death.

• Highlight any language you feel the writer has used to Highlight any language you feel the writer has used to produce an emotional response from the reader.produce an emotional response from the reader.

• Identify the attitude of the each writer to Biko – Identify the attitude of the each writer to Biko – speculate on what sort of person might have written the speculate on what sort of person might have written the account.account.

• Identify words/phrases which tell you the attitude.Identify words/phrases which tell you the attitude.

• Speculate on/Identify the emotion behind each phrase.Speculate on/Identify the emotion behind each phrase.

• Comment on Source E . . . . What publication is it from? Comment on Source E . . . . What publication is it from? Why is the date significant? Why is the date significant?

Questions to think about:Questions to think about:

• Are Aristotle’s words about speakers Are Aristotle’s words about speakers equally applicable to the written words, equally applicable to the written words, and to visual images?and to visual images?

• How can we as listeners, readers and/or How can we as listeners, readers and/or viewers “cut through” the emotional viewers “cut through” the emotional curtain, and see the truth?curtain, and see the truth?

• How can we make sure we are not fooled How can we make sure we are not fooled by people who try to take advantage of by people who try to take advantage of our emotions?our emotions?

BibliographyBibliography

The Rhetoric and the Poetics of Aristotle (Modern Library College The Rhetoric and the Poetics of Aristotle (Modern Library College Editions)Editions) McGraw-Hill Companies; (February 1, 1984) McGraw-Hill Companies; (February 1, 1984)

Website:Website: http://www.dailywav.com/ka.html

What is Evidence? South Africa during the years of ApartheidWhat is Evidence? South Africa during the years of Apartheid , Rob , Rob Sieborger, Gail Weldon, Chris Hinton; John Murray; (1999)Sieborger, Gail Weldon, Chris Hinton; John Murray; (1999)