EMISSION AND PERFORMANCE characteristics OF PCCI-DI ENGINE FUELED USING COTTON SEED OIL biodiesel blend

PRESENTED BY: K.PRASHANTH

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL,

AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING,

Emissions and performance by K.Prashanth is licensed under a Creative

Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

INTRODUCTION:

Reduce consumption of fossil fuels

Biodiesel is a good alternative to diesel

Cotton seed oil based biodiesel

Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) engines

Emissions and performance

OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY

To determine the performance and emission characteristics of

cottonseed biodiesel blends in a PCCI engine

Run the engine using 10, 20, 30 percent biodiesel blends

Compare the performance with diesel both in PCCI and conventional

modes

BIO-DIESEL PREPARATION

900ml of cotton seed oil

100 ml of methanol with 2.4g solid

sodium hydroxide (NAOH) which acts

as catalyst.

Speed is maintained at 600 to 700RPM

Temperature should be between 55˚C

to 65˚C.

Glycerine, soap and bio-diesel are

formed.

Washed with water and filtered using

filter paper

For 1 liter of oil 600ml of bio diesel

was obtained.

Experimental setup Fuel injector is connected to vaporiser

unit which is controlled by arduino

board.

Vaporiser unit is connected to engine.

Dimmer-stat is used to provide heat

input.

Bio-diesel of 10%, 20%, 30% blends

are prepared.

Exhaust gas analyser and smoke meter

are connected.

Experimental setup

Vaporiser unit Engine - Greaves GL-400

Rated power - 5.5 Kw

speed - 3600 RPM

EMISSION ANALYSER

Exhaust gases like hydrocarbon(HC),

carbonmonoixde(CO),

carbondioxide(CO2) and nitrogenoxides

(NO) from the engine are caliberated

SMOKE METER

The smoke opacity produced from

engine will be measured

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONVariation of NO and Torque

1 The formation of NOX depends on the

combustion chamber temperature.

2 Increase in combustion chamber

temperature causes increase in the NOX

emissions.

3 NOx formed in PCCI engine are less

compared to that of normal diesel engine.

4 Reduction in was observed using bio-

diesel in PCCI engine.

5 16% reduction in NO emissions was

observed in 20% bio-diesel blend

Variation of CO and Torque

1 CO is formed due to low

combustion temperature and

insufficient oxygen

2 when biodiesel was used in PCCI

engine a decrease in CO emission

was observed due to presence of

oxygen in the bio-diesel oxidised

small quantity of CO at molar level

into CO2.

3 28% reduction in CO emissions

was observed in 20% bio-diesel

blend.

Variation of HC and Torque

HC emissions are caused due to

incomplete combustion of fuel and the

wall wetting characteristics of the fuel.

In PCCI engine HC produced was found

to be higher for biodiesel blends when

compared with diesel which could be

because of crevice and low temperature

regions.

HC emissions were increased about 54%

for 20% blend in the PCCI mode

Variation of BSFC and Torque

As the load increases the BSFC was

getting decreased.

Bio-diesel-diesel modes consumed more

amount of fuel compared to that of diesel

due to its lesser calorific value when

compared to diesel.

Specific fuel consumption will be high

in case of PCCI engine.

The BSFC value increases from 10% to

30% bio-diesel blend.

variation of smoke opacity and torque

1 Smoke emitted from the bio-diesel blend

are comparatively less

2 It is seen that bio-diesel reduces the

smoke produced during the combustion.

oxygen enables the complete combustion

of the fuel

3 Increase in bio-diesel from 10 to 30%

there is a decrease in smoke emitted

Conclusion

With the use of cottonseed bio-diesel in PCCI engine a decreasing

trend in smoke when blend varies from 10% to 30%.

BSFC was increased with increase in bio-diesel blends from 10% to

30% due to wall wetting and low calorific value of the blended fuel.

Reduction of CO and HC was found to be 28% and 16% by using

20% bio-diesel blend.

HC emissions were increased about 54% for 20% blend in the PCCI

mode.

It was concluded that 20% bio-diesel-diesel PCCI mode was found

to be optimum and observed stabilised control over emissions when

compared with other bio-diesel blends PCCI mode of operations.

REFERENCES [1] Johnson TV. Review of diesel emissions and control. Int J Engine Res 2009; 10: 275e85

[2] Kagawa J. Health effects of diesel exhaust emissions—a mixture of air pollutants of

worldwide concern. Toxicology 2002; 181:349–53.

[3] Iakun Du, Wanchen Sun, Liang Guo, Senlin Xiao, Manzhi Tan, Guoliang Li, Experimental

study on fuel economies and emissions of direct-injection premixed combustion engine fuelled

with gasoline/diesel blends.Energy Conversion and Management 100 (2015) 300–309

[4] Dempsey A, Walker N, Gingrich E, Reitz RD. Comparison of low temperature combustion

strategies for advanced compression ignition engines with afocus on controllability. Combust

Sci Technol 2014; 86(2):210e41.

[5] Manente V, Tunestal P, Johansson B. Partially premixed combustion at highload using

gasoline and ethanol, a comparison with diesel. SAE paper 2009;2009-01-0944.

[6] Splitter DA, Hanson RM, Kokjohn SL, Reitz RD. Improving engine performanceby

optimizing fuel reactivity with a dual fuel PCCI strategy. Conferenceon Thermo and Fluid

Dynamic Processes in Diesel Engines 2010; Valencia, Spain.

[7] Kokjohn SL, Splitter DA, Hanson RM, Reitz RD. Experiments and modeling ofdual fuel

HCCI and PCCI combustion using in-cylinder fuel blending. SAE Int JEngines 2010; 2(2):24e39.

[8] Manente V, Johansson B, Tunestal P, Cannella W. Effects of ethanol anddifferent type of

gasoline fuels on partially premixed combustion from lowto high load. SAE paper 2010; 2010-01-

0871.

[9] Hasegawa R, Yanagihara H. HCCI combustion in DI diesel engine. SAE paper2003; 2003-01-

0745.

[10]James E. Parks II ∗, Vitaly Prikhodko, John M.E. Storey, Teresa L. Barone, Samuel A. Lewis

Sr.,Michael D. Kass, Shean P. Huff, Emissions from premixed charge compression ignition

(PCCI) combustion andaffect on emission control devices Catalysis Today 151 (2010) 278–284

[11] S.Arun kumar, S.Natrajan,“ Experimental study of performance and emission characteristic

of premixed charge compression ignition engine using variousfuels”Journal of Chemical and

Pharmaceutical Sciences,(2014) ISSN: 0974-2115

[12] Kitano K, Nishiumi R, Tsukasaki Y, Tanaka T, Morinaga M. Effects of fuelproperties on

premixed charge compression ignition combustion in a directinjection diesel engine. SAE paper,

2003-01-1815; 2003. doi: 10.4271/2003-01-1815

Thank you