emigrant indians in franklin county
DESCRIPTION
A collection of photos of native Americans relocated to Franklin County between 1830 and 1860.TRANSCRIPT
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Emigrant Tribes
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By the 1830s, the world of the native Kanza and Osage tribes
changed.
Their land was no longer their own. Native groups all around the East and Midwest had been defeated and pushed from their
land by incoming European settlers. The question was what
to do with these eastern Indians.
An idea was to create a Permanent Indian Frontier in what is now eastern Kansas
and Oklahoma. It was hoped that Indians located here would
be undisturbed by white settlers and the alcohol trade.
But that didn’t happen.
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Large and small bands of Indians from the Great Lakes to Florida were
removed to this Indian Territory. The Cherokees called their brutal removal journey “The Trail of Tears” and the
Pottawatomies called theirs “The Trail of Death.”
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Several native groups were relocated to the area now known as Franklin
County: Ottawas, Chippewas, Munsees, Sac and Fox,
Pottawatomies, Shawnees, Peorias, Piankeshaws, Kaskaskias and Weas.
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The Chippewas
of Black River and Swan Creek (Michigan)
Ash-E-Taa-Na-Quet or Clear Sky
(Francis McCoonse)
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Ka-pah-us-ke,
(Robert McCoonse)
Grandson of the Old Chippewa Chief
In his youth, he was sent to
school in Nazareth, PA by
the Moravian missionaries. He’s wearing his uniform
above.
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Mary Alice McCoonse, Chippewa, right, dressed to
go to school at Haskell Institute in Lawrence, KS.
Her little sister, Matilda Maria, is left.
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The Sac and Fox
of the Mississippi
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Sac Chief Keokuk, or the Watchful Fox
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Keokuk’s son,
Wa-som-e-saw
called the
Reverend Moses
Keokuk in later
life.
Sac and Fox
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Op-po-noos or Appanoose or
Appan-oze-o-ke-mar
(The Hereditary Chief, or He Who Was a Chief When a Child)
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Appanoose
Right is a print of a painting of
Appanoose made by
George Bird King
Sac and Fox
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Two unidentified Sac
and Fox men photographed
by A.W. Barker.
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Two examples of Sac and Fox bark houses—one in Franklin County and
one in Oklahoma.
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The Munsees
William Henry Kilbuck
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Munsee John Henry Kilbuck, Moravian missionary to Alaska
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In 1900, the Chippewas and Munsees were given their land individually, and
the tribes were dissolved.
The two groups posed for a final photograph.
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The Illinois and Wabash Bands
The Peoria, Kaskaskia,
Piankeshaw and Wea
Chief Baptiste Peoria
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The Ottawasof Blanchard’s Fork,
Roche de Boeuf,
and Ocquanoxcey’s Village
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Ottawa Chief Pah-Tee (John Wilson)
1813-April 9, 1870
Died on the journey to Oklahoma at Osage Mission
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Che-quah, Ottawa Medicine Woman
(Aunt Jane Phelps)
1766-1886
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Ottawa Chief Ko-twah-wun
(Joseph Badger King)
1822-1915
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Na-qua ke-zhick--Noonday
(William Hurr), trustee of Ottawa University, translator for Sac & Fox
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The route of the Ottawa from the Great Lakes through Ohio to Kansas and then Oklahoma
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By 1900, all the Nations had been relocated to Oklahoma except the
Munsees and Chippewas, whose tribal organizations were terminated.