emergency environment: problems of coordination, uncertainty, lack of information
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Emergency environment: problems of coordination, uncertainty, lack of
information
RISK PREVENTION
(OR MITIGATION?)
Short term measures
Long term measures
Risk reduction strategies:
* Adaptation
* Mitigation
* Damage reduction
- preparare before the-event
- decide and face the crisis
- return to normalcy and learn from the event in the event aftermath
Emrgency response/disaster recovery plans are frequently written as compliance gestures rather than realistic emergency operating guidelines.
The vast majority of emergency response plans are out of date by the time they are published;
Are published in inappropriate formats;
Remain unknown to key persons who are likely to become involved with the emergency response
Are not kept up to date
Contain reams of practically useless pages of information
Crises are characterized by the absence of obvious solutions;
The scarcity of reliable information when it is needed;
The lack of adequate time to reflect on and debate alternative course of action.
It is very important that the crisis management team members optimize the limited time that they have to develop appropriate response to the crisis importance of being able to focus on the key questions and get to the heart of the matter.
Crisis management remains limited and ineffective as long as it is seen as a discipline that is negative, unproductive in terms of value creation, timeconsuming, potentially dangerous, and
technical rather than strategic
N.B. Crisis management training develops management qualities and skills that ar useful in normal situations:
-The ability to anticipate;
-Enhanced teamwork capabilities;
-Sharpened judgement skills;
-Enhanced creative skills
Crisis management should be viewed a a continuous management process that can be revised or redisigned at any time and that should be updated/enriched with the feedback from experience and simulation exercises – a process that is flexible in terms of both its composition and its forms or action.
Lagadec, Lagadec, Roux-DufortRoux-Dufort Three types of organizations:
1. Not prepared, useless plan
2. With some planning but still inadequate preparation
3. With good plans, prepared.. still can learn something…
Not prepared organizations
• Lack of organization and coordination• Lack of exact notion of what everybody
must do in 10 points• Responsible persons tend to retire and look for saving their position
Poorly prepared organizations
• Lack of operational knowledge of tools• Tools good to act fast but inadequate for
crises management• Nobody has the overall control of the
“scene”• People act upon “magic numbers”
Poorly prepared organizations
Learning approach: event centeredType of learning: simple
• Crisis as an exceptional event
• Attention limited to the event features
• Event interpretations based only on “visible facts”
Prepared organizations
• Illusion of being un-vulnerable• Need to integrate “centralized” and local
action• Need of minimal good scientific
knowledge about new facts
Prepared organizations
Learning approach: process centeredType of learning : high degree
• Overcoming “certainties”
• Learning as a response to crisis pressure
• Behaviors coherent with what has been learned from the crisis
Prepared organizations
Learning approach: process centeredType of learning : complex
• Overcoming traditional knowledge
• Learning as analysis and assessment of what went wrong
De MarchiDe Marchi: analysis of UE accidents and : analysis of UE accidents and
chemical emergencieschemical emergencies
• More More involvement of companiesinvolvement of companies in emergency in emergency plans development;plans development;
• Overcoming Overcoming linguistic barrierslinguistic barriers (not only (not only disciplinary)disciplinary)
• Many times victims due to the Many times victims due to the lack of lack of information regarding existing resourcesinformation regarding existing resources not to not to
the lack ofthe lack of
De MarchiDe Marchi: analysis of UE accidents and chemical : analysis of UE accidents and chemical
emergenciesemergencies
problem:problem:
inadequate training, both technical and inadequate training, both technical and managerialmanagerial, that not only causes victims but , that not only causes victims but puts at risk rescuers’ livesputs at risk rescuers’ lives
Challenges in todays and future emergenciesChallenges in todays and future emergencies
Crucial points:Crucial points:* Coordination* Coordination
* Information* Information
* Uncertainties* Uncertainties
* Overconfidence in technologies* Overconfidence in technologies
* Emergency spatial context: * Emergency spatial context: logistics aspects and beyondlogistics aspects and beyond
CoordinationCoordination
Coordination among different agencies,Coordination among different agencies,organisations, public administrations…organisations, public administrations…
a.a. Different organisational culturesDifferent organisational culturesb.b. Lack of confidence in other organisations’ Lack of confidence in other organisations’
capabilitiescapabilitiesc.c. Everybody does what he/she is used toEverybody does what he/she is used to no prior framing of the situationno prior framing of the situation no PEGAS (no PEGAS (Protect, Examine, saving Gestures, Protect, Examine, saving Gestures,
Alert, WatchAlert, Watch))
HOUR EVENT PREFECTURE direct answer EMERGENCY FIREMEN SEVESO MAJORS OF POLICE HEALTH DOCTORS FIRM AFFECTED BUREAU
MUNICIPALITIES6 h 30 Close to the GLMI firm Who is informing them?
a strong odor is felt.A worker of a neighbour When are they informed?firm alert the firemen department How they get informed?
What do they do?
6 h 40 the wind is blowing who is going to the site?NE-SW. La toxiccloud is getting close How long does it take?to nearby residential areasIn the firm they finally Who is informing him of understand where the situation?the cloud arises from
6 h 55 The firm has succeded what does he do?in fixing the failureFiremen and doctors How long does it take?have arrived to the firm.Some journalists of With whom does helocal newspapers and communicate?radio have arrived as well
How does he treat with thejournalists?
How does he respond tocitizens' questions?
7 h 10 The situation is still Who is informing hem anddifficult. what do people say toIn the field there is still him?confusion; confusedinformation reaches the wha does he do?control centres in Bergamoand Milan With whom does he
communicate?
8 h 30 The head of the prefecture Who does he take care of?arrives with other officials.National newspapers and How?television journalists arrive as well What does he do?
12 h 00 The toxic cloud is what does he do?dispersed.The worst part of the with whom does he crisis seems over communicate and what?
indirect answers
Coordination: exampleCoordination: example
From Murakami Haruki, From Murakami Haruki, UndergroundUnderground, 1997, 1997
No framing of the situation:No framing of the situation: • At least in one occasion metro officials takes out the At least in one occasion metro officials takes out the
sarin bags unprotected (and died);sarin bags unprotected (and died);• Trains are not stopped (Marunouchi line goes on 1 Trains are not stopped (Marunouchi line goes on 1
hour and 40 min. after the attack);hour and 40 min. after the attack);• All the ambulances rush to the same station, Tsukij, All the ambulances rush to the same station, Tsukij,
completely neglecting other locations…completely neglecting other locations…
Coordination: exampleCoordination: exampleFrom Murakami Haruki, From Murakami Haruki, UndergroundUnderground, 1997, 1997
Lack of confidence in other organisations:Lack of confidence in other organisations:
Prof. Yanagisawa Nobuo, rector of the Medicine Prof. Yanagisawa Nobuo, rector of the Medicine University of Shinshu (Matsumoto prior experience), sent University of Shinshu (Matsumoto prior experience), sent faxes directly to emergency hospital services, because :faxes directly to emergency hospital services, because :• He did not trust firemen departments;He did not trust firemen departments;• He wanted the information to be sent directly to the He wanted the information to be sent directly to the
people who will be in charge of injured;people who will be in charge of injured;• Hospitals received official documentation on sarin at Hospitals received official documentation on sarin at
16.24 (terrorist attack at 7.45 more or less) from the 16.24 (terrorist attack at 7.45 more or less) from the Health bureau;Health bureau;
• Nobody informed hospitals it was sarinNobody informed hospitals it was sarin
InformationInformation
Information that counts is not passed thinkingInformation that counts is not passed thinkingon the needs of the users’:on the needs of the users’:• Needed information often provided by the media Needed information often provided by the media
(sometimes wrong);(sometimes wrong);• What is needed information? To make decisionsWhat is needed information? To make decisions• Relevant information is not passed through Relevant information is not passed through
expected hierarchical lines;expected hierarchical lines;• Needed also the motivation to act upon received Needed also the motivation to act upon received
information and, prior to that:information and, prior to that: means for controlling the information (or at means for controlling the information (or at least to question it)least to question it)
From Murakami Haruki, From Murakami Haruki, UndergroundUnderground, 1997, 1997Dr. Saito Toru, director of the emergency room in the Omori Hospital:Dr. Saito Toru, director of the emergency room in the Omori Hospital:
• The TV said it was cyanide;The TV said it was cyanide;• The crucial information in a mass emergency is how to The crucial information in a mass emergency is how to
select among injured;select among injured;• This information came from the Shinshu hospital in This information came from the Shinshu hospital in
very unformal and not pre-determined way;very unformal and not pre-determined way;• Official information came too lateOfficial information came too late
Another example from the Pirellone air crash:Another example from the Pirellone air crash:• Rete4 said blood was needed and medical expertise Rete4 said blood was needed and medical expertise
worsening overall congestionworsening overall congestion
Information: examplesInformation: examples
From Murakami Haruki, From Murakami Haruki, UndergroundUnderground, 1997, 1997Prof. Yanagisawa Nobuo, rector of the Medicine University of Shinshu :Prof. Yanagisawa Nobuo, rector of the Medicine University of Shinshu :
• He had the motivation to pass through the information He had the motivation to pass through the information (emotional intelligence counts);(emotional intelligence counts);
• He had the prior experience of Matsumoto;He had the prior experience of Matsumoto;
He provided the four crucial means to accomplish the He provided the four crucial means to accomplish the following steps:following steps:• Examine symptoms;Examine symptoms;• Immediate analysis (check the information);Immediate analysis (check the information);• Diagnosis and selection according to severity;Diagnosis and selection according to severity;• Recommended therapyRecommended therapy
Information: examplesInformation: examples
UncertaintyUncertainty
Checklist of types of uncertainties :Checklist of types of uncertainties :Ranking of salience Level of severity High Medium Low |__| Scientific |______|______|______| |__| Legal |______|______|______| |__| Moral |______|______|______| |__| Societal |______|______|______| |__| Institutional |______|______|______| |__| Proprietary |______|______|______| |__| Situational |______|______|______|
UncertaintyUncertainty
a.a. Minimize the occasions for legal uncertainty (imagine Minimize the occasions for legal uncertainty (imagine in an international intervention)in an international intervention)
b.b. Allow for many actors in the scene in a structured way Allow for many actors in the scene in a structured way
c.c. Hierarchical versus flexible organisations: shared Hierarchical versus flexible organisations: shared responsbility and flexibility in a structured contextresponsbility and flexibility in a structured context
Too hierarchicalToo hierarchical: rigid, uneffective, incapable to face : rigid, uneffective, incapable to face surprises;surprises;Too flexibleToo flexible: : everybody does what he wants, everybody does what he wants, multiple “coordination” centresmultiple “coordination” centres chaos chaos
Uncertainty: societalUncertainty: societal
S. Schneider, S. Schneider, Flirting with disaster Public Management in crisis situationsFlirting with disaster Public Management in crisis situations, , M.E. Sharpe, New York, London, 1995M.E. Sharpe, New York, London, 1995
GAPGAP between what people perceive is the risk and should between what people perceive is the risk and should be done and what professionals are doing to manage the be done and what professionals are doing to manage the emergency:emergency:
• Do not reassure when the situation is not under controlDo not reassure when the situation is not under control• Do listen to people regarding:Do listen to people regarding: - facts about the area (- facts about the area (local information, aneddoctical..local information, aneddoctical..))
- their needs- their needs
Uncertainty: societalUncertainty: societal
GAPGAP May depend on:May depend on:
• Perception regarding forces ability to cope, not Perception regarding forces ability to cope, not necessarily reflecting the “reality”necessarily reflecting the “reality”
• Trust in authorities and public administrationTrust in authorities and public administration
Uncertainty:examplesUncertainty:examples
a.a. Too rigid organisations: the army after the Kobe Too rigid organisations: the army after the Kobe earthquake.earthquake.
b.b. Too flexible organisations: three coordination centres Too flexible organisations: three coordination centres in the Pirellone air crash (sometimes conflicting with in the Pirellone air crash (sometimes conflicting with each other)each other)
c.c. Allow for many actors in the scene in a structured way: Allow for many actors in the scene in a structured way: why they did not incorporate Prof. Yanagisawa in a list why they did not incorporate Prof. Yanagisawa in a list of experts to be contacted in case of chemical of experts to be contacted in case of chemical contamination?contamination?
Overconfidence in technologyOverconfidence in technology
Modern organisations are often overconfident of Modern organisations are often overconfident of technological devices and put themselves sometimes in a technological devices and put themselves sometimes in a vulnerable situations when the latter do not work vulnerable situations when the latter do not work
a.a. True especially in large disasters, in urban and True especially in large disasters, in urban and metropolitan contextsmetropolitan contexts
b.b. But equally true in developing countries, where But equally true in developing countries, where technological devices are lacking/deficient/ only technological devices are lacking/deficient/ only partially existent partially existent
Overconfidence in technology: examplesOverconfidence in technology: examples
aa. In the Kobe earthquake the emergency control centre . In the Kobe earthquake the emergency control centre could rely only ….on a public telephonecould rely only ….on a public telephone
b.b. Some strategic facilities (ex. Hospitals) are very Some strategic facilities (ex. Hospitals) are very dependent upon lifelines, even when thay do have dependent upon lifelines, even when thay do have emergency electrical generators (examples from the emergency electrical generators (examples from the Northridge, Kobe earthquake and….Milano Northridge, Kobe earthquake and….Milano snowstorm) snowstorm)
cc. In theory you have the means to detect if it sarin or . In theory you have the means to detect if it sarin or cyanide, but what you practically need is a procedure cyanide, but what you practically need is a procedure to fit in the technology to fit in the technology technical aspects within a technical aspects within a strategic framework of the crisisstrategic framework of the crisis
Emergency spatial context: logistics and beyondEmergency spatial context: logistics and beyond
The spatial context where the crisis develops isThe spatial context where the crisis develops isparticularly relevant for the following aspects:particularly relevant for the following aspects:
a.a. Location of the disaster area;Location of the disaster area;
b.b. General morphology of the place;General morphology of the place;
c.c. Layout of emergency camps;Layout of emergency camps;
d.d. Ways in which people use land and placesWays in which people use land and places
Emergency spatial context: examplesEmergency spatial context: examples
Location and setting of the disaster area: Location and setting of the disaster area: from Murakami from Murakami Haruki, Haruki, UndergroundUnderground, 1997, 1997
• All the ambulances where sent to one location (Tsukij All the ambulances where sent to one location (Tsukij station) neglecting all the others.station) neglecting all the others.
• Nobody asked what was the layout of the crisis scene:Nobody asked what was the layout of the crisis scene:- point-shaped;- point-shaped;
- multi-site (as it was the case)- multi-site (as it was the case) - spread damage with connected and enchained failures - spread damage with connected and enchained failures (as the Kobe or Ismit earthquakes)(as the Kobe or Ismit earthquakes) - spread damage with scattered damage areas (Algeria - spread damage with scattered damage areas (Algeria
earthquake)earthquake)
Emergency spatial context: examplesEmergency spatial context: examples
Location and setting of the disaster area: Location and setting of the disaster area: from Murakami from Murakami Haruki, Haruki, UndergroundUnderground, 1997, 1997
By the way, talking about media, one person, Mr Okuyama said:By the way, talking about media, one person, Mr Okuyama said:
The TVThe TV was representing the scene as if everywhere therewas representing the scene as if everywhere there were consequences of the attack, but reality was rather were consequences of the attack, but reality was rather different with an astonishing contrast between what he different with an astonishing contrast between what he was seeing and experiencing and life going on as normal was seeing and experiencing and life going on as normal in the parallel street in the parallel street
(this is the reason why I define it as multisite)(this is the reason why I define it as multisite)
Emergency spatial context: examplesEmergency spatial context: examples
The shape of the city is relevant to accessibility and The shape of the city is relevant to accessibility and emergency managementemergency management
Emergency spatial context: examplesEmergency spatial context: examples
The way people use spaces and land is relevant to The way people use spaces and land is relevant to emergency managementemergency management
Emergency spatial context: examplesEmergency spatial context: examples
Layout of emergency shelters camps to fit users needs: Layout of emergency shelters camps to fit users needs: keeping communities and need to be close to houses, keeping communities and need to be close to houses, cows, animals, etc…cows, animals, etc…
Technical tools
Network to disseminate information
adequate tools and modes of communication
Plan exists
Useful plan
feasible actions
Technical tools
tailored to the specific problem;
fit to the context;known by stakeholders and familiar to people
Identified communication networks and tailored to end users :
At least among agencies
Should involve the media
Should involve the population
Usable plan
developed with the stakeholders;
shared and possibly tested;
on the basis of possible scenarios
Useful plan :
10 points identifying for each stakeholder what to do
makes explicit what resources are available and where
Identifies responsibilities
Useful plan:
based on complete event scenarios
opens to potential surprises
constitutes a framework for actions
Useful plan :
is an educational tool for those who develop it
is open to include lessons learnt in real or simulated events
To T1 T2 tempo
noise event
intervention
A useful plan also:
consider the spatial context regarding:
* Vulnerable elements
* Resources that can be acquired
Considers potential obstacles
* logistics of the action
* feasibility of protection and self
protection actions
Safety is a matter of shared responsibility. Allow for Safety is a matter of shared responsibility. Allow for flexibility within a structured frameworkflexibility within a structured framework
Macro-scenarios for a provincial emergency plan: Macro-scenarios for a provincial emergency plan: the example of Milan.the example of Milan.
RRiisscchhiioo ddii EEssoonnddaazziioonnee ((CCoorrssii dd’’aaccqquuaa pprriinncciippaallii))
FONTE DEL PERICOLO
DESCRIZIONE CORSO D’ACQUA
Fiume principale della provincia per cui sono state individuate le fasce PAI (Adda, Lambro, Olona, Ticino)
ADDA LAMBRO OLONA TICINO
Trezzo sull’Adda
Briosco Legnano Bernate Ticino
Vaprio d’Adda Verano Brianza San Vittore Olona Abbiategrasso
Cassano d’Adda Carate Brianza Canegrate
Triuggio Parabiago
Albiate Nerviano
Sovico Pogliano M.
Villasanta Monza Cologno M. Milano Peschiera B.
COMUNI PIU’ A RISCHIO
Melegnano
Truccazzano Veduggio con Colzano
Vanzago Nosate
Cornate d’Adda Macherio Pregnana M. Turbigo Lesmo Rho Cuggiono
Arcore Robecchetto con Induno
Brugherio Boffalora Ticino Segrate Magenta San Donato M. Robecco sul N.
San Giuliano M. Ozzero
Mediglia Morimondo
San Zenone al Lambro
Besate
ALTRI COMUNI localizzati lungo il
corso d’acqua
San Colombano al Lambro Motta Visconti
10/1976 09/1937 10/1976 10/1977 09/1993 06/1963 08/1977 10/1993
10/1976 09/1995 06/1988 11/2000 11/1994
MAGGIORI EVENTI DI ESONDAZIONE
PASSATI 11/1996
SScchheeddee ddii RRiisscchhiioo ppeerr CCoommuunnee oo GGrruuppppoo ddii CCoommuunnii COM 15 Monza
CORSO D’ACQUA PERIODI DELL’ANNO PIU’ A RISCHIO
TIPO DI EVENTO PIU’ FREQUENTE MAX EVENTO ATTESO
INTERVENTI, OPERE DI DIFESA IDRAULICA REALIZZATE NEGLI ANNI
Rottura forzata argini Parco di Monza Anno ? LAMBRO AUTUNNO VEDI FASCIA A PAI? VEDI FASCIA C PAI?
Annegamento, Dispersi, Feriti, Sfollati
Allagamenti abitazioni soprattutto di scantinati e piani inferiori
Danni strutturali ai ponti, crolli
Allagamenti Strade, ferrovia ed interruzioni
Danni alla manifattura, ai prodotti e agli impianti
Allagamenti servizi pubblici, scuole, ospedale
Danni al patrimonio storico culturale, chiese D
ANNI PRINCIPALI SUBITI
DURANTE EVENTI PASSATI
Interruzione Reti servizi
Scuole Ospedali Centri Comm. Case Riposo Stazioni
Biblioteche
Cinema-Teatri
Caserme
OGGETTI
Oggetti di pregio cultur.
Ferrovia Autost. SS Sp
Strade
Locali
ELEMENTI VULNERABILI
RETI
Reti di servizio
RESIDENZA
INDUSTRIA COMMERCIO
AREE INTERESSATE
SPAZI PUBBLICI
POPOLAZIONE TOTALE min/max A cura del Comune STIMA
POPOLAZIONE INTERESSATA DA EVENTO POPOLAZIONE NON
AUTOSUFFICIEN TE min/max A cura del Comune
SScchheeddee ddii RRiisscchhiioo ppeerr CCoommuunnee oo GGrruuppppoo ddii CCoommuunnii COM 15 Monza
CORSO D’ACQUA PERIODI DELL’ANNO PIU’ A RISCHIO
TIPO DI EVENTO PIU’ FREQUENTE
LAMBRO AUTUNNO VEDI FASCIA A PAI?
Annegamento, Dispersi, Feriti, Sfollati
Allagamenti abitazioni soprattutto di scantinati e piani inferiori
Danni strutturali ai ponti, crolli
Allagamenti Strade, ferrovia ed interruzioni
Danni alla manifattura, ai prodotti e agli impianti
Allagamenti servizi pubblici, scuole, ospedale
Danni al patrimonio storico culturale, chiese D
ANNI PRINCIPALI SUBITI
DURANTE EVENTI PASSATI
Interruzione Reti servizi
Scuole Ospedali Centri Comm. Case Riposo Stazioni
Biblioteche
Cinema-Teatri
Caserme
OGGETTI
Oggetti di pregio cultur.
Ferrovia Autost. SS Sp
Strade
Locali
ELEMENTI VULNERABILI
RETI
Reti di servizio
RESIDENZA
INDUSTRIA COMMERCIO
AREE INTERESSATE
SPAZI PUBBLICI
POPOLAZIONE TOTALE min/max A cura del Comune STIMA
POPOLAZIONE INTERESSATA DA EVENTO POPOLAZIONE NON
AUTOSUFFICIEN TE min/max A cura del Comune
SScchheeddee ddii RRiisscchhiioo ppeerr CCoommuunnee oo GGrruuppppoo ddii CCoommuunnii COM 15 Monza
CORSO D’ACQUA PERIODI DELL’ANNO PIU’ A RISCHIO
TIPO DI EVENTO PIU’ FREQUENTE MAX EVENTO ATTESO
INTERVENTI, OPERE DI DIFESA IDRAULICA REALIZZATE NEGLI ANNI
Rottura forzata argini Parco di Monza Anno ? LAMBRO AUTUNNO VEDI FASCIA A PAI? VEDI FASCIA C PAI?
Annegamento, Dispersi, Feriti, Sfollati
Allagamenti abitazioni soprattutto di scantinati e piani inferiori
Danni strutturali ai ponti, crolli
Allagamenti Strade, ferrovia ed interruzioni
Danni alla manifattura, ai prodotti e agli impianti
Allagamenti servizi pubblici, scuole, ospedale
Danni al patrimonio storico culturale, chiese D
ANNI PRINCIPALI SUBITI
DURANTE EVENTI PASSATI
Interruzione Reti servizi
Scuole Ospedali Centri Comm. Case Riposo Stazioni
Biblioteche
Cinema-Teatri
Caserme
OGGETTI
Oggetti di pregio cultur.
Ferrovia Autost. SS Sp
Strade
Locali
ELEMENTI VULNERABILI
RETI
Reti di servizio
RESIDENZA
INDUSTRIA COMMERCIO
AREE INTERESSATE
SPAZI PUBBLICI
POPOLAZIONE TOTALE min/max A cura del Comune STIMA
POPOLAZIONE INTERESSATA DA EVENTO POPOLAZIONE NON
AUTOSUFFICIEN TE min/max A cura del Comune
PPiiaanniiffiiccaazziioonnee ee GGeessttiioonnee ddeellll’’EEmmeerrggeennzzaa
ISTITUZIONI ED ATTORI PREPOSTI FASE FUNZIONE ISTITUZIONE ATTORE
AZIONI STRUMENTI DI SUPPORTO
COMUNE, ASL ASL, ANAGRAFE COMUNALE
CENSIMENTO ED AGGIORNAMENTO DELLA POPOLAZIONE NON AUTOSUFFICIENTE PRESENTE NELLE AREE A RISCHIO:UTENTI SAD(Servizio Assistenza Domiciliare – fonte Comune), DIALIZZATI, DISABILI, ANZIANI E BAMBINI,..
ELENCHI ASL
SINDACO E TECNICI COMUN.
VIGILARE SU ATTIVITA’ URBANISTICA AL FINE DI ASSICURARE COMPATIBILITA’ TRA AREE A RISCHIO IDROGEOLOGICO ED ALTRE FORME DI UTILIZZO DEL TERRITORIO
PAI, PROGRAMMA PROV. PREVISIONE E PREVENZIONE, ARCHIVI STORICI ESONDAZIONI
TECNICI INDIVIDUARE AREE DI ATTESA E DI RICOVERO DELLA POPOLAZIONE IN LUOGHI SICURI(1) PIANO DI EMERGENZA COMUNALE
TECNICI, ALLEVATORI CENSIRE GLI ALLEVAMENTI DI BESTIAME , IDENTIFICARNE I PROPRIETARI E INDIVIDUARE DOVE E COME SPOSTARE I CAPI IN CASO DI NECESSITA’
TECNICI INDIVIDUAZIONE RETI SOTTERRANEE E LINEE AEREE ENEL, DISTRIBUZIONE GAS, ACQUEDOTTO , TELECOM, OLEODOTTI, FOGNATURA COMPLETE DI LOCALIZZAZIONE CABINE DI TRAFORMAZIONE
PROGRAMMA PROVINCIALE, CARTOGRAFIE ENTI GESTORI
TECNICI, POLIZIA LOCALE INDIVIDUAZIONE DEI PERCORSI DI ACCESSO ALTERNATIVO PER LE AREE A RISCHIO ALLAGAMENTI
ADDETTI COMUNE, ENTI-ASSOCIAZIONI CULTURALI
CENSIMENTO BENI ARTISTICO-CULTURALI A RISCHIO (SITI ARCHEOLOGICI,OPERE D’ARTE, LIBRI, ARCHIVI STORICI, ETC.) e PREDISPOSIZIONE DI SQUADRE PER MESSA IN SICUREZZA DEI BENI
REGIONE LOMBARDIA (DIREZIONE GENERALE CULTURA – BENI CULTURALI); PROVINCIA: PTCP
PIANIFICAZIONE E CONOSCENZA DEL PROPRIO TERRITORIO
COMUNE
COMUNE, VOLONTARI PC
CAMPAGNE INFORMATIVE ALLA POPOLAZIONE SUL RISCHIO DI ESONDAZIONE COMPRENDENTE: - L’INFORMAZION SUL SISTEMA PROTEZIONE CIVILE ; - L’INFORMAZIONE SUL TIPO DI RISCHIO LOCALE; - L’INFORMAZIONE SU COME VERRANNO VEICOLATE LE INFORMAZIONI IN STATO DI ALLARME/ EMERGENZA; - L’INFORMAZIONE SUI COMPORTAMENTAMENTI DA ADOTTARE IN CASO DI CALAMITA’.
PERCORSI FORMATIVI SPECIFICI RIVOLTI ALLE SCUOLE
PIANO PROVINCIALE, OPUSCOLI REGIONALI
TECNICI MAGISTRATO PO – REGIONE - PROVINCIA, POLIZIA LOCALE, ASSOC. VOLONTARI
RICOGNIZIONE PERIODICA DEI CORSI D’ACQUA E DELLE AREE A RISCHIO
DITTE APPALTATE REALIZZAZIONE OPERE DI DIFESA IDRAULICA CON NULLAOSTA ENTE COMPETENTE CORSO D’ACQUA
MANUTENZIONE DI FIUME E TORRENTI (SPONDE –ALVEO)
PREVENZIONE DANNI
MAGISTRATO PO, REGIONE, PROVINCIA, COMUNE, CONSORZI PRIVATI(2)
MAGISTRATO PO, REGIONE, COMUNE – DITTE APPALTO, VOLONTARI P.C
PULIZIA - MANUTENZIONE TOMBINI, POZZETTI CANALI ETC.
SINDACO DEFINIZIONE DEL ROC (REFERENTE OPERATIVO COMUNALE) REPERIBILITA’ 24H
SINDACO ATTIVAZIONE CONTRATTI SERVIZI METEO
SINDACO DEFINIZIONE DEI COMPONENTI UNITA’ DI CRISI E DEI RESPONSABILI DELLE FUNZIONI DI SUPPORTO COMUNALI (7)
COMUNE DEFINIZIONE RESPONSABILI DI FUNZIONI COMUNALE
COMUNE PREDISPORRE SISTEMA DI ALLERTAMENTO DELLE IMPRESE LOCALIZZATE IN AREE DI ESONDAZIONE
TECNICI DEL COMUNE STILARE PROTOCOLLI DI INTESA CON ENTI E/ O PRIVATI:
- GESTORI DELLE RETI UTENZE PER GESTIONE EMERGENZA; - GESTORI LINEE TRASPORTO PUBBLICO URBANO/ INTERURBANO PER FORNIRE MEZZI D’ EVACUAZIONE;
SINDACO IDENTIFICARE UNICO RESPONSABILE –ADDETTO STAMPA/ COMUNICAZIONE/ INFORMAZIONE POPOLAZIONE- (SINDACO O IL ROC)
DIRETTIVE REGIONALE PIANIFICAZIONE EMERGENZA
ORGANIZZATIVA COMUNE
TECNICI DEL COMUNE AGGIORNAMENTO DEGLI ELENCHI CON I NUMERI UTILI DI REPERIBILITA’(3)
TECNICI COMUNALI/ VOLONTARI
APPROVVIGIONAMENTO – REVISIONE PERIODICA RISORSE, ATTREZZATURE , MATERIALI(5)PRESSO MAGAZZINO COMUNALE O PRESSO LOCALI DEI VOLONTARI PC
PREDISPOSIZIONE DEL CENTRO OPERATIVO COMUNALE, SEDE DALLA QUALE GESTIRE L’EMERGENZA(4)
TECNICI RADIO INSTALLAZIONE DI POSTAZIONE RADIO PER COMUNICARE IN FASE OPERATIVA COMUNE
TECNICI COMUNALI INSTALLAZIONE PRESSO I MANUFATTI IN ALVEO DI ASTE GRADUATE O INDICAZIONE TACCHE PER CONTROLLO DIRETTO DEL LIVELLO DEL FIUME
PIANO DI EMERGENZA COMUNALE
MAGISTRATO PO, REGIONE, PROVINCIA, COMUNE, CONSORZI PRIVATI(2)
TECNICI, VOLONTARI PC TENERE AGGIORNATO L’ELENCO DELLE CAVE O DITTE EDILI LOCALI CHE HANNO DISPONIBILITA’ DI SABBIA E DI MEZZI PER TRASPORTARLA
TECNICI, VOLONTARI PC ELENCO DEI PROPRIETARI DI RUSPE, PALE MECCANICHE E CAMION E COMUNE
TECNICI, VOLONTARI PC SAPERE DOVE E COME REPERIRE: BRANDINE, COPERTE, MATERASSI
A =
NO
RM
ALIT
A’
PREVENZIO
NE E
PIA
NIF
ICAZIO
NE
TECNICO LOGISTICA
- MATERIALI E
MEZZI
IMPRESE IN AREE DI ESONDAZIONE
ADDETTI ALLA SICUREZZA AZIENDA
PREDISPORRE DEI PIANI DI SGOMBERO E DI MESSA IN SICUREZZA DEGLI IMPIANTI , DEI MACCHINARI E DEI PRODOTTI
ISTITUZIONI ED ATTORI PREPOSTI FASE FUNZIONE
ISTITUZIONE ATTORE AZIONI COMPITI
CODIFICATI
PC REGIONALE FUNZIONARIO PC REGIONALE INVIA E REVOCA IL PREALLARME ALLE PREFETTURE E AL DIPARTIMENTO R
PREFETTURA FUNZIONARIO PREFETTURA
INVIA E REVOCA IL PREALLARME AI COMUNI E ALLE STRUTTURE DI PC R
SINDACO INFORMA I MEMBRI DELL’ UNITA’ DI CRISI LOCALE E LA STRUTTURA COMUNALE DI PC DELL’INVIO E DELLA REVOCA DEL PREALLARME DA PARTE DELLA PREFETTURA R
SINDACO PREDISPONE LA VERIFICA DELLE CONDIZIONI METEO E IL CONTROLLO DIRETTO DEL CORSO D’ACQUA R SINDACO COADIVATO DAL RESPONSABILE PER LA COMUNICAZIONE
1- TIENE INFORMATA LA PREFETTURA, LA PC REGIONALE E LA PROVINCIA SULL’ANDAMENTO DELLA SITUAZIONE E SULLE INIZIATIVE INTRAPRESE (COMUNICAZIONE INTERNA TRA GLI OPERATORI DEL SISTEMA SOCCORSO);
2- COMUNICAZIONE ALLA POPOLAZIONE , TRAMITE I MEDIA, SULLO STATO DI PREALLERME (COMUNICAZIONE ESTERNA) R
COMUNE
VERIFICA EVENTUALI MANIFESTAZIONI CON CONCENTRAZIONE DI PERSONE NELLE SUCCESSIVE 48 ORE AL FINE DI DISPORRE L’ANNULLAMENTO
ORGANIZZATIVA
PROVINCIA PREALLERTAMENTO DEL SERVIZIO PC E DEL SERVIZIO VIABILITA’ DELLA PROVINCIA ERSAF/ REGIONE LOMBARDIA TECNICI ERSAF DIRAMAZIONE BOLLETTINO-INFORMAZIONI METEO R SERVIZIO IDRICO PROVINCIA - CONSORZIO OLONA – CAMPO DEI FIORI – MAGISTRATO PO, REGIONE?
TECNICI E PERSONALE, STRUMENTAZIONE PER RILIEVO
RILIEVO E DIRAMAZIONE MISURE-ANDAMENTI IDROMETRICI SUPPORTO TECNICO
MONITORAGGIO CONSORZIO OLONA, POLIZIA LOCALE VOLONTARI PC, MAGISTRATO PO, CONSORZIO VILLORESI
POLIZIA LOCALE, TECNICI PRESPOSTI, VOLONTARI PC ADDESTRATI
RICOGNIZIONE E SEGNALAZIONE SITUAZIONI CRITICHE (CANTIERI IN ALVEO, SCAVI , IMPEDIMENTI AL DEFLUSSO ACQUE), MONITORAGGIO E CONTROLLO DIRETTO LUNGO IL CORSO D’ACQUA
VOLONTARI PC, COMUNE,
VOLONTARI PC PREPOSTI PREPARAZIONI UOMINI, MEZZI , ATTREZZATURE E MATERIALI RADIOAMATORI CON ABILITAZIONE
VERIFICA DEI SISTEMI DI COMUNICAZIONE-RADIOCOMUNICAZIONE
RESPONSABILE PER LA COMUNICAZIONE VOLONTARI PC PREPOSTI
ATTREZZARE UN’AREA PER L’ACCOGLIENZA DEI RAPPRESENTANTI DEI MEDIA LOCALI, REGIONALI E NAZIONALI;
B =
PR
EALL
ARME
– C
ODIC
E 1
– CI
RCA
48 O
RE P
RIMA
TECNICO LOGISTICA
- MATERIALI E
MEZZI
ISTITUZIONI ED ATTORI PREPOSTI FASE FUNZIONE
ISTITUZIONE ATTORE AZIONI
COMPITI CODIFICATI
PREFETTURA/REGIONE
PC REGIONALE FUNZIONARIO PC REGIONALE
INVIA E REVOCA L’ ALLARME ALLE PREFETTURE E AL DIPARTIMENTO DI PC R FUNZIONARIO PREFETTURA
INVIA E REVOCA L’ ALLARME AI COMUNI E ALLE STRUTTURE DI PC PREFETTURA
PREFETTO CONVOCA IL CCS R SINDACO
ATTIVA L’UNITA’ DI CRISI LOCALE E LE STRUTTURE OPERATIVE LOCALI DI PC: IL PERSONALE E I MEZZI DEI SERVIZI MUNICIPALI E DELLE AZIENDE MUNICIPALIZZATE E I VOLONTARI DI PC P,R
SINDACO PREDISPONE IL CONTROLLO DELLE ZONE A RISCHIO PER SEGUIRE L’EVOLUZIONE DEGLI EVENTI SUL PROPRIO TERRITORIO BASATO SU TURNAZONI H 24 R
SINDACO ORDINANZA DI DIVIETO DI CIRCOLAZIONE A UOMINI E MEZZI IN ZONE A RISCHIO P,R SINDACO ORDINANZA DI EVACUAZIONE DI EDIFICI A RISCHIO (TRA CUI LE SCUOLE) R
SINDACO CON IL SUPPORTO DEL RESPONSABILE DELLA COMUNICAZIONE
TIENE INFORMATA LA PREFETTURA, LA PC REGIONALE, LA PROVINCIA E IL DIPARTIMENTO DI PC SULL’ANDAMENTO DELLA SITUAZIONE E SULLE INIZIATIVE INTRAPRESE DIRAMA I MESSAGGI INFORMATIVI PER LA POPOLAZIONE RESIDENTE ACCREDITA I GIORNALISTI PERVENUTI ORGANIZZA LE VISITE DEI GIORNALISTI SUI LUOGHI DELL’EVENTO GESTISCE LE INTERVISTE ALLA POPOLAZIONE ASSICURANDO IL DIRITTO ALLA PRIVACY DI CHI NON VUOLE ESSERE INTERVISTATO
R
SINDACO, ROC ALLERTA I GESTORI DEI SERVIZI ESSENZIALI (ELETTRICITA’, GAS , ACQUA)
COMUNE
SINDACO DISPONE LA REVOCA DELL’ALLARME IN CASO DI CESSATO PERICOLO R
ORGANIZZATIVA
MAGISTRATO PO FUNZIONARIO MAGISTRATO PO
ATTIVA IL SERVIZIO DI SORVEGLIANZA P
COMUNE, MAGISTRATO PO, REGIONE
POLIZIA LOCALE, TECNICI PRESPOSTI, VOLONTARI PC ADDESTRATI
CONTROLLO DIRETTO DEI LIVELLI DEI CORSI D’ACQUA: VIGILANZA DELLE ARGINATURE E DEI MANUFATTI P
MAGISTRATO PO, COMUNE, REGIONE
IMPRESE APPALTATE, VVF APPRONTANO INTERVENTI NECESSARI ALLA SALVAGUARDIA DELLE OPERE DI CONTENIMENTO PER CORSI DI PROPRIA COMPETENZA
POLIZIA LOCALE: AUTO CON AUTOPARLANTI –SIRENE, CAMPANE, RADIO E TV LOCALI
DIRAMAZIONE DI AVVISI E NOTIZIE CHIARE: ES. ATTEGGIAMENTI PRECAUZIONALI, INIZIO EVACUAZIONE (RIVOLTO AI RESIDENTI, AZIENDE AGRICOLE, INDUSTRIE, ETC.) P
VOLONTARI PC, TECNICI E MEZZI COMUNALI, MEZZI CAVE
TRASPORTO NEI PUNTI CRITICI DEI MATERIALI(SACCHI, SABBIA E PALE), POSIZIONAMENTO DEI SACCHI DI SABBIA E COSTRUZIONE DELLE ARGINATURE
COMUNE
POLIZIA LOCALE, POLIZIA STRADALE
PREDISPOSIZIONE LIMITAZIONE DEI PARCHEGGI/ CIRCOLAZIONE LUNGO LE STRADE A RISCHIO
PROVINCIA, COMUNE, FORZE DELL’ORDINE*
TECNICI SETTORE VIABILITA’ PROVINCIA, VIGILI URBANI, CARABINIERI, POLIZIA
ATTUANO DISPOSIZIONI IN AMBITO STRADALE (CHIUSURA PONTI – PASSAGGI CRITICI, PREDISPOSIZIONE CANCELLI E PERCORSI ALTERNATIVI) PER LE STRADE DI PORPRIA COMPETENZA ATTE A SALVAGUARDARE L’INCOLUMITA’ DELLE PERSONE
SERVIZIO IDRICO PROVINCIA - CONSORZIO OLONA – CAMPO DEI FIORI – MAGISTRATO PO …
RILIEVO E DIRAMAZIONE DI MISURE-ANDAMENTI IDROMETRICI
VVF , FORZE DELL’ORDINE, VOLONTARI PC,118
FORZE DELL’ORDINE, VVF, VOLONTARI OPERAZIONI DI EVACUAZIONE DA EDIFICI A RISCHIO
ENTI GESTORI BENI ARITISTICI/ CULTURALI
VOLONTARI PC MESSA IN SICUREZZA DEI BENI CULTURALI CENSITI A RISCHIO
TECNICO OPERATIVA
AZIENDE MESSA IN SICUREZZA DEGLI IMPIANTI PRODUTTIVI: APPLICAZIONE PIANI INTERNI ?
C =
ALL
ARM
E – C
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E 2
– DALL
E 24
ALL
E 12
O
RE
PRIM
A
SUPPORTO TECNICO
MONITORAGGIO ERSAF/ REGIONE LOMBARDIA›PREFETTURA
AGGIORNAMENTO BOLLETTINO-INFORMAZIONI METEO R
ISTITUZIONI ED ATTORI PREPOSTI FASE FUNZIONE ISTITUZIONE ATTORE
AZIONI COMPITI
CODIFICATI
SINDACO VERIFICA LA PORTATA DEL FENOMENO E DA’ IMMEDIATA COMUNICAZIONE DELL’EVENTO AL PREFETTO E AL PRESIDENTE DELLA GIUNTA REGIONALE P
SINDACO ATTIVA, IN CASO DI MANCATO ALLARME, L’UNITA’ DI CRISI LOCALE E LE STRUTTURE OPERATIVE LOCALI DI PC: IL PERSONALE E I MEZZI DEI SERVIZI MUNICIPALI E DELLE AZIENDE MUNICIPALIZZATE E I VOLONTARI DI PC R
SINDACO RICHIEDE AL PREFETTO IL CONCORSO DI PERSONALE E MEZZI OVE LA SITUAZIONE LOCALE FACCIA RITENERE CHE CI SIANO MEZZI E PERSONALE INSUFFICIENTI P
SINDACO EMETTE L’ORDINANZA DI EVACUAZIONE PER LE ZONE COLPITE E PER QUELLE A RISCHIO COMUNE, DIRIGENTI SCOLASTICI?
SOSPENDE LE ATTIVITA’ SCOLASTICHE PER GLI ISTITUTI A RISCHIO COMUNE
SINDACO, ADDETTO STAMPA?
TIENE INFORMATA LA PREFETTURA, LA PC REGIONALE, LA PROVINCIA E IL DIPARTIMENTO DI PC SULL’ANDAMENTO DELLA SITUAZIONE E SULLE INIZIATIVE INTRAPRESE DIRAMA I MESSAGGI INFORMATIVI PER LA POPOLAZIONE RESIDENTE ACCREDITA I GIORNALISTI PERVENUTI ORGANIZZA LE VISITE DEI GIORNALISTI SUI LUOGHI DELL’EVENTO GESTISCE LE INTERVISTE ALLA POPOLAZIONE ASSICURANDO IL DIRITTO ALLA PRIVACY DI CHI NON VUOLE ESSERE INTERVISTATO-
ORGANIZZATIVA
ASL RESPONSABILE ALLERTA LE STRUTTURE SANITARIE CHE POTREBBERO ESSERE IMPIEGATE IN RAGIONE DELL’ENTITA’ DELL’EMERGENZA P
How general scenarios have been drawn?How general scenarios have been drawn?
Looking at past experience
On the ground of hazards and vulnerability levels in the area
Milano Bellusco 09/04/1998 precipitazioni infrastrutture di trasporto
Milano Cassano d'Adda 13/07/1998 precipitazioni infrastrutture di trasporto
Milano Lainate 09/03/1998 precipitazioni infrastrutture di servizio
Milano Lainate 09/03/1998 precipitazioni infrastrutture di trasporto
MilanoRobecchetto con Induno
06/06/1998 precipitazioni abitazioni
MilanoRobecchetto con Induno
06/06/1998 precipitazioni abitazioni
MilanoRobecchetto con Induno
06/06/1998 precipitazioni abitazioni
MilanoRobecchetto con Induno
06/06/1998 precipitazioni abitazioni
MilanoRobecchetto con Induno
06/06/1998 precipitazioni abitazioni
MilanoRobecchetto con Induno
06/06/1998 precipitazioni abitazioni
Causa Bene danneggiatoProvincia Comune Data
For each scenario the following factors have been assessed
possible damage
damaged areas
actions to be taken
available resources
For each general scenario the following elements For each general scenario the following elements have been left away:have been left away: areas to be assessed by the local level of government
SScchheeddee ddii RRiisscchhiioo ppeerr CCoommuunnee oo GGrruuppppoo ddii CCoommuunnii COM 15 Monza
CORSO D’ACQUA PERIODI DELL’ANNO PIU’ A RISCHIO
TIPO DI EVENTO PIU’ FREQUENTE
LAMBRO AUTUNNO VEDI FASCIA A PAI?
Annegamento, Dispersi, Feriti, Sfollati
Allagamenti abitazioni soprattutto di scantinati e piani inferiori
Danni strutturali ai ponti, crolli
Allagamenti Strade, ferrovia ed interruzioni
Danni alla manifattura, ai prodotti e agli impianti
Allagamenti servizi pubblici, scuole, ospedale
Danni al patrimonio storico culturale, chiese D
ANNI PRINCIPALI SUBITI
DURANTE EVENTI PASSATI
Interruzione Reti servizi
Scuole Ospedali Centri Comm. Case Riposo Stazioni
Biblioteche
Cinema-Teatri
Caserme
OGGETTI
Oggetti di pregio cultur.
Ferrovia Autost. SS Sp
Strade
Locali
ELEMENTI VULNERABILI
RETI
Reti di servizio
RESIDENZA
INDUSTRIA COMMERCIO
AREE INTERESSATE
SPAZI PUBBLICI
POPOLAZIONE TOTALE min/max A cura del Comune STIMA
POPOLAZIONE INTERESSATA DA EVENTO POPOLAZIONE NON
AUTOSUFFICIEN TE min/max A cura del Comune
Available resources and those still neededAvailable resources and those still needed
TOT. 19 Caserme TOT. Approx.: 780
unità
1 Comando Provinciale
Milano, via Messina, 40 (Nucleo Petrolchimico + Nucleo
sommozzatori)
10 Distaccamenti con personale
permanente
Milano: 4; Monza, Desio, Seregno, Sesto San Giovanni,
Legnano, Gorgonzola: 1
1 Distaccamento aeroportuale
Milano: Aeroporto Forlanini
7 Distaccamenti con personale volontario
400 unità volontarie
Milano: 3; Seregno, Carate Brianza, Inveruno, Corbetta,
Abbiategrasso, Lissone, Magenta: 1
VVF (Risorse attivabili da fuori Provincia)
15 Caserme121 VVF permanenti,
134 VVF volontari
Bergamo, Romano Lombardia, Treviglio, Pavia, Vigevano, Lodi, S. S. Lodigiano, Crema, Cantù, Erba, Lomazzo, Lecco, Merate,
Busto/ Gallarate, Saronno
115
5 Autobotti (ABP); 18 Autopompa serbatoio (APS); 5 Autoscala (AS); 1
Autogru (AG); 4 Autologistico (AF/ POL), Altre risorse, 1 elicottero
Presenza assicurata di almeno 128 unità
professionistiche permanenti
115
11 Autobotti (ABP); 20 Auto Pompa Serbatoio (APS); 6 Autoscala (AS); 2 Autogru (AG); 1 Automezzo Rapido
Intervento (ARI); 3 Autoidroschiuma; 1 Carroschiuma; 1 Carro Nucleo
Petrolchimico (NPC); 2 Carro Soccorso; 7 Fiamma; 1 Mezzo anfibio; 13 Natanti; 17
Pompe idrovore; 4 Ruspe; 1 Gruppo elettrogeno; 934 Maschere di protezione
- filtri - bombole; 686 Tute di protezione; 73 Rilevatori di sostanze e
sonde; 118 Dosimetri; 1 Stazione metereologica campale; 27 Cartelli
segnaletici; 1 Termocamena portatile; 2 Telepinze; 2 Pozzetti di trasporto; 1 Settrometria gamma; 1 Catena beta
completa
QUADRO STRUTTURE - CASERME
VVF (Risorse sul territorio provinciale)
ENTE di PROTEZIONE CIVILE
PERSONALE SEDE DOTAZIONE ENTETELEFONO
Available resources and those still neededAvailable resources and those still needed
Some conclusionsSome conclusions
a.a. Useful to have an external observerUseful to have an external observer
b.b. Build a local know-how for the next emergency and study with Build a local know-how for the next emergency and study with the local authorities and people opportunities for the local authorities and people opportunities for reconstructionreconstruction
c.c. Bring home: crucial needed information, Bring home: crucial needed information, data on direct, indirect, secondary damage, data on direct, indirect, secondary damage, we really need it!we really need it!
Responseto crisis
financial resourcesinvested, people employed
impact 1 10 100 500 time in
weeksemergency first recovery reconstruction advanced reconstruction
Bibliographical referencesBibliographical referencesDe Marchi B., Funtowicz S. e Ravetz J., The management of uncertainty in the communication of major hazards, Joint research Centre of Ispra, EUR 15268, 1993. De Marchi B. e Ravetz J.R., Risk Management and Governance: A Post-normal Science Approach, in “Futures”, 31,7. De Marchi B., Review of chemical emergencies management in the EU Member states, Institute for Systems Engineering and Informatics, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, EUR 16421 EN, Ispra, 1996.
Guilhou X e P. Lagadec, La fin du risque zéro, Les Èchos, Eyrolles Editeur, Paris, 2002.
Lagadec P., Etats d’urgence. Defaillance technologiques et déstabilisation sociale, Seuil, Parigi, 1988. Lagadec P., Crisis Management. Come affrontare e gestire emergenze e imprevisti, Franco Angeli, Milano, 1994. Lagadec P., Cellules de crise. Les conditions d’une conduite efficace, Les Èditions d’Organisations, Paris, 1995.
Murakami Haruki, Murakami Haruki, UndergroundUnderground, 1997, 1997
Roux-Dufort C., La gestione de crise. Un enjeu stratégique pour les organisations , DeBoek Université, Paris-Bruxelles, 2000.
S. Schneider, Flirting with disaster Public Management in crisis situations, M.E. Sharpe, New York, London, 1995
Simulation exerciseSimulation exercise
EventEvent
It is 17:07 pmIt is 17:07 pm
You are attending a class You are attending a class at the university when a siren at the university when a siren announces that a heavy announces that a heavy Indundation of the city will Indundation of the city will occur in the next hours mainly occur in the next hours mainly coming from the lake. You arecoming from the lake. You areasked to contribute to the emergencyasked to contribute to the emergencymanagement at the universitymanagement at the university
Simulation exerciseSimulation exercise
TaskTask
You are asked by the Politecnico di Milano to help in You are asked by the Politecnico di Milano to help in the emergency management activities. the emergency management activities.
What do you do? Discuss with your colleagues and What do you do? Discuss with your colleagues and write down the first 10 things you would do, write down the first 10 things you would do, defining who is responbile for each activitydefining who is responbile for each activity
Simulation exerciseSimulation exerciseTeam workTeam work
You work with your group trying to obtain the best, You work with your group trying to obtain the best, possibly developing event and response scenariospossibly developing event and response scenarios
One component of your team will take note of what One component of your team will take note of what the group is doing and will present your work in thethe group is doing and will present your work in thedebriefingdebriefing
Simulation exerciseSimulation exercise
Questions:Questions:
1.1. With whom do you communicate?With whom do you communicate?2.2. How do you get information?How do you get information?3.3. What do you do upon the information you What do you do upon the information you
received?received?4.4. How do you organise your activities?How do you organise your activities?
Simulation exerciseSimulation exercise
Problem !!!!Problem !!!!
After 15 minutes you receive a telephone call:After 15 minutes you receive a telephone call:““the room at the University you are in is not safe: you the room at the University you are in is not safe: you
should immediately abandon itshould immediately abandon it””
1.1. Who was calling?Who was calling?2.2. How do you react?How do you react?3.3. What do you decide to do?What do you decide to do?
Simulation exerciseSimulation exercise
Problem !!!!Problem !!!!
One of your officer enter in the room where you are and tellsOne of your officer enter in the room where you are and tellsyou what the local you what the local TV is passing as an information:TV is passing as an information:
1.1. People rush away from their houses and People rush away from their houses and complain nobody complain nobody is taking care of them is taking care of them and they do not know what to doand they do not know what to do
2.2. There are There are romours about toxic materialsromours about toxic materials washed away by washed away by inundating water and potentially affecting drinkable water inundating water and potentially affecting drinkable water in the cityin the city
1.1. What do you do?What do you do?2. What do you decide to do?2. What do you decide to do?