emergence of the animal kingdom or “rise of the chordates” phylum chordata leading to subphylum...
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Emergence of the Animal Emergence of the Animal KingdomKingdom
Or “Rise of the Chordates”Phylum Chordata
Leading toSubphylum Vertebrata
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Chordates include the following:
1.1. FishFish
2.2. ReptilesReptiles
3.3. AmphibiansAmphibians
4.4. BirdsBirds
5.5. MammalsMammals
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ChordatesChordates– 4 characteristics
1. notochord - support
2. post-anal tail
3. pharyngeal gill slits
4. dorsal hollow nerve cord
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Chordate Characteristics
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Gills in Humans! – check it out
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Tunicates are Chordates!Sea Squirts
• sponge like - filter feeder
•larva free swimming, bilateral with all Chordate traits
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• Lancets (a primitive fish like organism) closely resembles the idealized chordate.– The notochord, dorsal nerve cord, numerous gill
slits, and post-anal tail all persist in the adult
Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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“Ontogency Recapituates Evolution”
Evolution Playing out in Fetus…
(all these Chordates (birds, mammals, reptiles, fish, have
strikingly similar Embryonic Development)
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Chp 33 – Rise of the Mammals
• Definition of a Mammal:
1. Homoeothermic – meaning that mammals produce their own body heat
2. Mammary tissue - for the production of Milk
3. Hair Follicles - for the production of Hair
4. Generally, internal fertilization and harboring of young, however, this is only a generality because not all young are “cooked” to term internally.
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Monotremes – an Order of Class Mammalia
Monotremes
eg. The Platypus, which has a BILL, lays EGGS, but still has mammary glands and produces MILK for young. This suggests a relationship between REPTILES, BIRDS and mammals. Imagine that?
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Marsupials
– eg. The Kangaroo, which is a non-placental mammal. Here, the development of the young is very complex, and a baby kangaroo is born very “uncooked”, and must crawl into the mother’s pouch and latch onto a nipple to receive milk to continue development. You might say, baby Kangaroos or “Joey’s” get a womb with a view
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Kangaroo Birth
17 Weeks
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Placental Mammals
– eg. You – well if you’re female, anyway. Internal Fertilization development of young to a highly Advanced stage.
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The Placenta is Key
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In Mammals, all the Major Body Systems are online and advanced
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Skeletal System
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Muscular System
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Advanced Circulatory System
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Respiratory System
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Nervous System is online and advanced!
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Excretory System – ooo look, Kidneys!
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Endocrine System – Controls you Hormones
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Lots of Mammals in the Simpsons
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Lastly, we can Learn Important Lessons from Mammals like Homer