embryology i - university of minnesotamcloonlab.neuroscience.umn.edu/4100/lectures/n4100 lecture...
TRANSCRIPT
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Embryology I
Steven McLoon
Department of Neuroscience
University of Minnesota
Nsci4100
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Friday (Sept 14) 8:30-9:30am
Surdyk’s Café in Northrop Auditorium
Stop by for a minute or an hour!
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Coffee Hour
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In the blastula stage embryo, the embryonic disk has two layers.
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During gastrulation, epiblast cells migrate through
the primitive streak to form a three layered embryo.
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During gastrulation, epiblast cells migrate through
the primitive streak to form a three layered embryo.
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Factors from the midline mesoderm induce nervous system
in the overlying ectoderm, and the neural plate forms from ectoderm.
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During neurulation, the neural tube develops from the neural plate.
neural plate neural groove anterior & posterior
neuropores
neural tube
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During neurulation, the neural tube develops from the neural plate.
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Incomplete closure of the neural tube is a common birth defect.
Spina bifida:
Incomplete closure of the spinal neural tube and/or the spine.
The severity of the defect is variable and most often is of no consequence.
~1 in 50 live births exhibit spina bifida occulta, making this one of the most common birth defects.
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Anencephaly = incomplete closure of the brain end of the neural tube
Rare and lethal.
Incomplete closure of the neural tube is a common birth defect.
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Three swellings at the rostral end of the early neural tube
are the primary brain vesicles.
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Three swellings at the rostral end of the early neural tube
are the primary brain vesicles.
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Flexures allow us to stand upright.
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Flexures allow us to stand upright.
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Additional changes form the secondary brain vesicles
and optic vesicles.
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Optic vesicles give rise to neural retina & pigment epithelium.
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Each major adult brain region develops
from one of the secondary brain vesicles.
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The entire nervous system develops from the neural plate.
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The telencephalon grows posterior then anterior.
The “ram’s horn” pattern of growth of the telencephalic vesicle creates the temporal lobe.
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The temporal lobe covers the insula.
The telencephalon grows posterior then anterior.
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Other adult brain structures exhibit the “ram’s horn” pattern.
The telencephalon grows posterior then anterior.
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The lumen of the neural tube persists
as the ventricular system of the adult brain.
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The lumen of the neural tube persists
as the ventricular system of the adult brain.
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Neural Crest
• The neural crest develops from cells at the margin of the neural plate.
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• Cells delaminate from the dorsal neural tube to form the neural crests.
Neural Crest
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• Neural crest cells migrate throughout the body and develop into most of
the cells of the peripheral nervous system, as well as other cell types.
Neural Crest
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neurons - most cranial nerve sensory ganglia - dorsal root ganglia - sympathetic ganglia - parasympathetic ganglia - enteric neurons
glia - schwann cells of nerves - satellite cells of ganglia
neurosecretory cells - thyroid calcitonin (C) cells - adrenal medulla cells
melanocytes some skeletal and connective tissue of head and face muscles
- ciliary muscle of eye - muscle of cranial blood vessels and dermis
mesenchyme of thyroid, parathyroid & salivary glands
• Crest derivatives:
Neural Crest
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Neural placodes give rise to some neurons
of cranial nerve sensory ganglia.
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Origin of the Nervous System