EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEM

THE ANDROID AND SYMBIAN OS

SUBMITTED BY:-SATYADEEP MISHRA

ROLL NO.:-10IT61B08

CONTENT

GETTING STARTED WITH E-OS WHAT IS ANDROID? PLATFORM ARCHITECTURE OF ANDROID APPLICATION BUILDING BLOCKS & DEVELOPMENT

TOOLS WHY ANDROID? SUMMARY INTRODUCTION TO SYMBIAN OS ARCHITECTURE SECURITY ASPECTS COMPARISON BETWEEN SYMBIAN & ANDROID CONCLUSION

GETTING STARTED WITH EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEM

An embedded operating system is an operating system for embedded computer systems.

These operating systems are designed to be compact, efficient, and reliable.

E-OS are frequently also real-time operating systems, and the term RTOS is often used as a synonym for embedded operating system.

CONT….

An important difference between most embedded operating systems and desktop operating systems is that the application, including the operating system, is usually statically linked together into a single executable image.

Unlike a desktop operating system, the embedded operating system does not load and execute applications. This means that the system is only able to run a single application.

SOME EXAMPLES ARE…

IOS (MAC OS) Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs) Pen Point OS Palm OS from Palm, Inc. Symbian OS Windows CE, from Microsoft

# Embedded Linux Android Open Zaurus Metano GNU/Linux from Pynell - Embedded Systems.

FEW REASONS TO GO MAD!!!!

MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT(MAD)Smart Phones

– Internet access anywhere– Social networking

Millions of mobile usersOpen standards

WHAT IS ANDROID?

Google's Android is an open-source platform that's currently available on a wide variety of smart phones.

Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications.

The Android SDK provides the tools and APIs necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language.

Based on the Linux kernel

HISTORY & OHA

Google Inc. purchased the initial developer of the software in 20052005. from Android Inc. which was founded in Palo Alto, California, United States in October, 20032003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner.

OHA Est. 5th Nov 2007, led by Google, open Source Main Product Android Platform Enthusiastic Support from Industry

– Equipment makers– Network Operators

HTC was First to deliver ANDROID

Open Handset Alliance(OHA)

ANDROID ARCHITECTURE

• Linux kernel

• Libraries

• Android run time

– core libraries

– Dalvik virtual machine

• Application layer

• Application protocol

Colour - Good

Use a colour of font that contrasts sharply with the background– Ex: blue font on white background

Use colour to reinforce the logic of your structure– Ex: light blue title and dark blue text

Use colour to emphasize a point– But only use this occasionally

Applications

Set of core applications including an email client, SMS program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts.

All applications are written using the Java programming language.

Built in and user apps. Can replace built in apps.

Application Framework

Access location information, run background services, set alarms, add notifications to the status bar, and much, much more.

Build an application, including lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, and even an embeddable web browser

Providing access to non-code resources such as localized strings, graphics, and layout files.

Activity manager – manages application life cycle.

Android Runtime

Includes a set of core libraries of JAVA that provides most of the functionality

Runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik Virtual Machine

The Dalvik VM executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) – Compact and efficient than class files– Limited memory and battery power

Dalvik Virtual Machine

All applications written in Java and converted to the Dalvik

executable .dex.

Every android app runs its own process, with its own instance

of the Dalvik virtual machine.

Not a traditional JVM, but a custom VM designed to run

multiple instances efficiently on a single device.

VM uses Linux kernel to handle low-level functionality including

security, threading, process and memory managemet.

Linux Kernel

Acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the rest of the software stack.

Relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack, and driver model.

Works as a HAL

Libraries

System C library - implementation of the C library (libc). Media Libraries - based on PacketVideo's Open CORE. Surface Manager - composites 2D and 3D graphic layers LibWebCore - a modern embeddable web view. SGL - the underlying 2D graphics engine. 3D libraries - based on OpenGL ES 1.0 APIs; the libraries

use hardware 3D acceleration. FreeType - bitmap and vector font rendering SQLite - a powerful and lightweight relational database

engine .

Application Building Blocks

BLOCKSActivity- a single screenIntent Receiver-to execute in reaction to an external event(Phone Ring)Service-code that is long-lived and runs without a UI(Media Player)Content Provider-an application's data to be shared with other applications

Development Tools

TOOLS

Java LanguageJava Language Eclipse IDEEclipse IDE ADT Plug-in For Eclipse ADT Plug-in For Eclipse Android SDKAndroid SDK

Android EmulatorAndroid Emulator

Command line tools Command line tools

DocumentationsDocumentations

Application Lifecycle

Application run in their own processes (VM, PID)Processes are started and stopped as needed to run an application's componentsProcesses may be killed to reclaim resources

Why Android ?!Why Android ?!

1 – Open Source1 – Open Source

2 – Flash Player Support2 – Flash Player Support

3 – Different Models3 – Different Models

4 – Reasonable prices4 – Reasonable prices

5 – Google Apps5 – Google Apps

6 – Android Apps like (Astro file manager, 6 – Android Apps like (Astro file manager, Taskiller etc.)Taskiller etc.)

CASE STUDY :-HOW ANDOID IS BETTER??

When Android Compared with iPhone (Apple)

- Browsing

- Desktop

- Connectivity

- PC Connection

- Multi-notification

- Market

- Google Integration

- Open Source

- Open to carriers

Android Software Updates

Android 1.1 Android 1.5 – Cupcake Android 1.6 – Donuts (CDMA) Android 2.0 – Éclair Android 2.2 – Froyo Android 2.3 - Gingerbread Android 3 - Honeycomb API Levels used by apps to identify software version on

the device Android apps are generally forward compatible with

newer version, but not necessarily backwards compatible

SYMBIAN OS…(INTRODUCTION)

Symbian OS is one of Nokia's mobile operating system for mobile devices and smartphones, with associated libraries, user interface, frameworks and reference implementations of common tools, originally developed by Symbian Ltd.

HISTORY

Psion founded by David Potter inn 1980 launched the Psion

Organizer, the world's first volume-produced handheld computer in

1984.

In June 1998 - Symbian is established as a private independent

company and is owned by Ericsson, Nokia, Motorola and Psion.

From this point onwards has EPOC OS been called Symbian OS.

In February 2004 - Symbian OS v8.0 is announced.

In February 2005 - Symbian OS v9 is announced.

In May 2006 - 100th commercial phone model ships.

HISTORY Contd..

In November 2006 - 100 million Symbian smartphones shipped.

In 2008, the former Symbian Software Limited was acquired by Nokia

and a new independent non-profit organization called the Symbian

Foundation was established.

The platform has been designated as the successor to Symbian OS,

following the official launch of the Symbian Foundation in April 2009.

The Symbian Platform was officially made available as open source

code in February 2010.

CHARACTERISTICS..

PROCESSING THREAD BASED MEMORY MANAGEMENT INPUT/OUTPUT

KERNEL EXTENSION

DEVICE DRIVERS

DMA(DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS

BLOCKING I/O

STOAGE MEDIA

MEMORY MANAGEMENT

How Symbian OS Addresses Memory– Symbian OS is a 32-bit operating system,

addresses can range up to 4 GB– Symbian OS divides memory into virtual

pages and physical frames– Symbian OS adopts a two-level page table

strategy

MEMORY MANAGEMENT

FEATURES

CLIENT SERVER ACHITECTURE EVENT MANAGEMENT OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN POWER MANAGEMENT ROBUST AND DEPENDABLE FULL AMLTI TASKING AN OPEN OPERATING SYSTEM MEMORY MANAGEMENT

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS

STRENGTHMEMORY MANAGEMENTEXECUTION IN ONE PLACE

WEAKNESSNO VITUAL MEMORY

SYMBIAN ACHITECTURE

Symbian has a microkernel architecture, which means that the minimum necessary is within the kernel to maximise robustness, availability and responsiveness.

Symbian is designed to emphasise compatibility with other devices, especially removable media file systems.

There is also a large volume of User Interface (UI) Code. Symbian includes a reference user-interface called

"TechView". It is very similar to the user interface from the Psion Series 5

personal organiser and is not used for any production phone user interface.

MORE DETAILED ARCHITECTURE

PLATFORM SECURITY

TrustAccess to private data

SecurityCost controlCompromise important telephone functionality

ProtectionSoftware ownershipDRM

PLATFORM SECURITY

Example of Applications where the Symbian OS is being used

Nokia Series 80 interface

UIQ interface(Used for PDAs such as Sony Ericsson P800 )

Nokia S60 interface

DEVELOPING SYMBIAN OS

As of 2010, the SDK for Symbian is standard C++, using Qt. It can

be used with either Qt creator, or Carbide (the older IDE

previously used for Symbian development).

A phone simulator allows testing of Qt apps.

It is also possible to develop using Symbian C++, although it is not

a standard implementation.

Prior to the release of the Qt SDK, this was the standard

development environment.

ADVANTAGES

Greater range of applications.

High quality games.

Better inbuilt wap browser.

Connectivity is lot more easier and faster.

Real Player, Smart movie player etc. sort of application are not

available with java phones.

You can install software and applications of any type

You can download big files through your phone easily with 3G

around.

DISADVANTAGE

The OS is not available for PCs .

The Symbian OS can be easily affected by a

Virus.

COMPARSION OF SYMBIAN & ANDROID

OPERATING SOFTWARE or FIRMWARE FLASHING Your phone with new FIRMWARE CHANGING PHONE FEATURES PROCESSOR and its SPEED MODIFICATIONS

CONCLUSION

In the small and rapidly growing world the need of mobiles and its applications are obvious. To meet the users embedded OS are playing the vital. To speak in a sentence about Android and Symbian, Android is much advanced and provides more value to the end users. Symbian needs updates its features.

REFERENCE

[1] http://www.android.com

[2] http://developer.android.com/

[3] http://www.androidwiki.com

[4] www.symbian.com

[5] www.symbian.com/technology/symbos-phones.html