Slide 1

EmergencyEvacuationMuhammad Ikhwanul HakimAndi HidayatZaky FauziEmergencyEvacuationThe proces moving and tranport emergency victims in disaster with right procedure.

The goal of prehospital care is to minimize further systemic insult or injury and manage life-threatening conditions through a series of well defined and appropriate interventions, and to embrace principles that ensure patient safetyPrinciples of Prehospital CareROLES OF TRANSIT EMERGENCY PLANSMITIGATIONPREPAREDNESSRESPONSERECOVERY

Rescue Drag and carry TechniquesRequired to evacuate a sick or injured person form an emergency scene to a safe location. Causalities carried carefully and correctly handled, otherwise their injuries may become more serious or possibly fatal.situation permitting, evacuation of a causality should be organized and un-harried. Each movement should be performed as deliberately and gently as possibleManual carries are tiring for the rescuer and involved the risk of increasing the severity of the causality's injury.Chose the rescue techniques that will be least harmful, both to rescuer and the victim.

Types of Drag and carry TechniquesTied-hands crawling Crawling techniquesOne person arm carryOne person pack-strap carryFire fighters carryTwo persons dragTwo persons carry (by arm and legs)Chair carry

Ankle pullShoulder pullBlanket dragTwo handed seatFour handed seatThree person carryRemoval downstairsTied-hands crawling The tied-hands crawl may be used to drag an unconscious causality for short distance. It is particularly useful when you must crawl below a low structure, but it is the least desirable because the causality's head is not supported place the causality face up, cross the casualty's wrist and tie them together. kneel astride the casualty and lift the arms over your head so that the casualtys wrists are at the back of your neck. when you crawl forward, raise your shoulders high enough so that the casualtys head will not bump against the deck.

Crawling Techniques Use a triangular bandage , a torn shirt, etc to tie the casualtys hands together and place them around your neck. This way you can move person much heavier then yourself.

One Person Arm Carry Single rescuer to lift a victim safely by arm carryRescuer holding the victims around the victims back and under the knees

One Person Pack-strap Carry This method is better for longer distance to lift a victim safely. Place both victims arm over your shoulders. Cross the victims arm, grasping the victims opposite wrist. Pull the arm close to your chest. Squat slightly and drive your hips into the victim while bending slightly at the waist. Balance the load on your hips and support the victims with your legs.

Fire Fighters Carry This technique is for carrying a victim longer distance. It is very difficult to get a person up to this position from the ground. Getting the victim into position requires a very strong rescuer or an assistant.

The victim is carried over one shoulder The rescuers arm, one the side that the victim is being carried, is wrapped across the victims leg and grasps the victim's opposite arm.

Two Persons Drag/ Human Crutch For the conscious victim, this carry allows the victim to swing their leg using the rescuer as a pair of crutches.

For the unconscious victims, it is a quick and easy way to move a victim out of immediate danger. Start with the victim on ground. Both rescuer stand on either side of the victims chest. The rescuers hand nearest the feet grabs the victims wrist on their side of the victim. The rescuers other hand grasps the clothing of the shoulder nearest them. Pulling and lifting victims arm, the rescuer bring the victim into sitting position. The conscious victim will then stand with rescuer assistance. The rescuers place their hands around the victims waist For the unconscious victim, the rescuer will grasp the belt of the victims clothing . The rescuer will bend down Place the victims arm over their shoulders so that they end up facing the same direction as the victim. Then, using their legs, they stand with the victim. The rescuers then move out, dragging the victims legs behind Two Persons Drag/ Human Crutch

Two persons carry (by arms & legs) Rescuer 1 squats at the victims head and grasps the victim from behind at the midsection. Rescuer 2 squats between the victims knees, grasping the outside of the knees. Both rescuers rise to a standing position.

Chairs Carry This is a good way to carrying victims up and down stairs or through narrow or not smooth areas

Pick the victim up and place them or have them sit in a chair. The rescuer at the head grasps the chair from the side of the back, palms in. The rescuer at the head then tilts the chair back onto its rear legs. For the shorts distance or stairwells, the second rescuer should face in and grasp the chair legs. For longer distance, the second rescuer should separate the victims leg, back into the chair and on the command of the rescuer at the head, both rescuers stand using their legs. Ankle PullThe ankle pull is the fastest way for moving a victim a short distance over a smooth surface. This is not a perfect way of patient movement.

Grasp the victim by both ankles or pant cuffs. Pull with your legs, not your back. Keep your back as straight as possible. Try to keep the pull as straight and in line as possible. Keep aware that the head is unsupported and may bounce over bumps and surface imperfections.Shoulders PullThe shoulder pull is preferred to ankle pull. It supports head of victim, the negative is that requires the rescuers to bend over at the waist while pulling. Grasp the victim by the clothing under the shoulders. Keep your arms on both sides of the head. Support the head. try to keep the pull as straight and in line as possible.

Blanket DragThis is preferred way for dragging a victim from confined area.

Place the victim on the blanket by using the logroll or the three position lift. The victim is placed with the head approx. 2 ft. from one corner of the blanket. Wrap the blanket corners around the victim. Keep your back as straight as possible. Use your legs, not your back. Try to keep the pull as straight and in line as possible.Two handed seatThis technique is for carrying a victim to longer distance.This technique can support an unconscious victim. Pick up the victim by having both rescuers squats down on either side of the victim. Reach under the victims shoulders as under their knees. Grasp the other rescuers wrist. From the squat, with good lifting technique stand. walk in the direction that the victim is facing.

Four Handed Seat This technique is used to carry conscious and alert victims to moderate distance . The victim must be able to stand unsupported and hold themselves upright during transport. Position the hands as indicted in the graphics. Lower the seat and allow the victim to sit. Lower the seat using your legs, not your back. When the victim in place, stand using your legs, keeping your back straight.

Three persons carryThis technique is for lifting a patient into bed or stretcher, or transporting to short distance Each person kneels on the knee nearest the victims feet. On the command of the person at the head, the rescuers lift the victim up and rest the victims on their knees.If the patient is being placed on a low stretcher: On the command of the person at the head, patient is placed down the stretcher.If the patient is to be placed on high bed or to be carried: At this point, the rescuer will rotate the victims so that the victim facing the rescuers, resting against the rescuers chestThree persons carry On the command of the person at the head, all the rescuers will stand. To walk all rescuer will start out on the same foot, walking in a line shoulder to shoulder.

Removal Downstairs Do not try if you suspect head or spinal injuries or broken limbs. Use a mattress or rug under the person if one is available.