elmore leonard - 10 rules of writing (v5.0)
TRANSCRIPT
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�
zELMORE
LEONARD’S
10 RULES
OF WRITING
I l l u s t r a t i o n s b y
J O E C I A R D I E L L O
z
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Contents
1. NEVER OPEN A BOOK WITH WEATHER 5
2. AVOID PROLOGUES 9
3. NEVER USE A VERB OTHER THAN “SAID” TO CARRY DIALOGUE 21
4. NEVER USE AN ADVERB TO MODIFY THE VERB “SAID”… 27
5. KEEP YOUR EXCLAMATION POINTS UNDER CONTROL 31
6. NEVER USE THE WORDS “SUDDENLY” OR “ALL
HELL BROKE LOOSE” 37
7. USE REGIONAL DIALECT, PATOIS, SPARINGLY 43
8. AVOID DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF CHARACTERS 47
9. DON’T GO INTO GREAT DETAIL DESCRIBING
PLACES AND THINGS 53
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61
10. TRY TO LEAVE OUT THE PART THAT READERS
TEND TO SKIP
Copyright
About the Publisher
Cover
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These are rules I’ve picked up along the way
to help me remain invisible when I’m writing
a book, to help me show rather than tell what’s
taking place in the story. If you have a facility
for language and imagery and the sound of
your voice pleases you, invisibility is not what
you are after, and you can skip the rules. Still,
you might look them over.
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1.
N E V E R OP E N A BOOK
W I T H W E AT H E R
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If it’s only to create atmosphere, and not a charac
ter’s reaction to the weather, you don’t want to go
on too long. The reader is apt to leaf ahead looking
for people. There are exceptions. If you happen to
be Barry Lopez, who has more ways than an Es
kimo to describe ice and snow in his book Arctic
Dreams, you can do all the weather reporting you
want.
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2.
AVOI D P ROLOGU E S
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They can be annoying, especially a prologue
following an introduction that comes after a
foreword.
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But these are ordinarily found in nonfiction. A
prologue in a novel is backstory, and you can drop
it in anywhere you want.
There is a prologue in John Steinbeck’s Sweet
Thursday, but it’s okay because a character in the
book makes the point of what my rules are all
about. He says:
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“I like a lot of talk in a book and I don’t like to
have nobody tell me what the guy that’s talking
looks like. I want to figure out what he looks like
from the way he talks . . . figure out what the guy’s
thinking from what he says. I like some description
but not too much of that.”
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The Steinbeck character goes on to say, “Sometimes
I want a book to break loose with a bunch of
hooptedoodle. . . . Spin up some pretty words
maybe or sing a little song with language. That’s
nice. But I wish it was set aside so I don’t have
to read it. I don’t want hooptedoodle to get mixed
up with the story.”
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3.
N E V E R USE A V E R B
O T H E R T H A N “ SA I D ”
T O CA R RY DI A LOGU E
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The line of dialogue belongs to the character; the
verb is the writer sticking his nose in. But “said”
is far less intrusive than “grumbled,” “gasped,”
“cautioned,” “lied.” I once noticed Mary McCarthy
ending a line of dialogue with “she asseverated,”
and had to stop reading and go to the dictionary.
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4.
N E V E R USE A N A DV E R B
T O MODI F Y T H E V E R B
“ SA I D ” . . .
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. . . he admonished gravely. To use an adverb this
way (or almost any way) is a mortal sin. The writer
is now exposing himself in earnest, using a word
that distracts and can interrupt the rhythm of the
exchange. I have a character in one of my books
tell how she used to write historical romances “full
of rape and adverbs.”
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5.
K E E P YOU R
E XCL A M AT ION P OI N T S
U N DE R CON T ROL
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You are allowed no more than two or three per
100,000 words of prose. If you have the knack of
playing with exclaimers the way Tom Wolfe does,
you can throw them in by the handful.
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6.
N E V E R USE T H E WOR DS
“ SU DDE N LY ” OR “A L L
H E L L BROK E LOOSE ”
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This rule doesn’t require an explanation. I have
noticed that writers who use “suddenly” tend
to exercise less control in the application of
exclamation points.
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7.
USE R E GIONA L DI A L ECT,
PAT OIS , SPA R I NGLY
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Once you start spelling words in dialogue
phonetically and loading the page with apostrophes,
you won’t be able to stop. Notice the way Annie
Proulx captures the flavor of Wyoming voices in
her book of short stories Close Range.
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8.
AVOI D DE TA I L E D
DE SCR I P T IONS
OF CH A R ACT E RS
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Which Steinbeck covered. In Ernest Hemingway’s
“Hills Like White Elephants,” what do the
“American and the girl with him” look like? “She
had taken off her hat and put it on the table.” That’s
the only reference to a physical description in the
story, and yet we see the couple and know them by
their tones of voice, with not one adverb in sight.
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9.
DON’ T G O I N T O
GR E AT DE TA I L
DE SCR I BI NG P L ACE S
A N D T H I NGS
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Unless you’re Margaret Atwood and can paint
scenes with language or write landscapes in the
style of Jim Harrison. But even if you’re good at it,
you don’t want descriptions that bring the action,
the flow of the story, to a standstill.
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And finally:
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10.
T RY T O L E AV E OU T T H E
PA R T T H AT R E A DE RS
T E N D T O SK I P
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A rule that came to mind in 1983, at lunch with
Book-of-the-Month Club editors. Think of what
you skip reading a novel: thick paragraphs of
prose you can see have too many words in them.
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What the writer is doing, he’s writing, perpetrat
ing hooptedoodle, perhaps taking another shot
at the weather, or has gone into the character’s
head, and the reader either knows what the guy’s
thinking or doesn’t care. I’ll bet you don’t skip
dialogue.
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My most important rule is one that sums up
the ten.
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If it sounds like writing, I rewrite it.
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Or, if proper usage gets in the way, it may have
to go.
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I can’t allow what we learned in English composi
tion to disrupt the sound and rhythm of the nar
rative.
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It’s my attempt to remain invisible, not distract the
reader from the story with obvious writing.
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(Joseph Conrad said something about words
getting in the way of what you want to say.)
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If I write in scenes and always from the point of
view of a particular character—the one whose
view best brings the scene to life—I’m able to
concentrate on the voices of the characters telling
you who they are and how they feel about what
they see and what’s going on, and I’m nowhere in
sight.
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What Steinbeck did in Sweet Thursday was title
his chapters as an indication, though obscure, of
what they cover. “Whom the Gods Love They
Drive Nuts” is one, “Lousy Wednesday” another.
The third chapter is titled “Hooptedoodle 1” and
the thirty-eighth chapter “Hooptedoodle 2” as
warnings to the reader, as if Steinbeck is saying:
“Here’s where you’ll see me taking flights of fancy
with my writing, and it won’t get in the way of the
story. Skip them if you want.”
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Sweet Thursday came out in 1954, when I was just
beginning to be published, and I’ve never forgotten
that prologue.
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Did I read the hooptedoodle chapters?
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Every word.
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Copyright
ELMORE LEONARD’S 10 RULES OF WRITING. Copyright © 2001 by Elmore Leonard, Inc. Illustrations © 2007 by Joe Ciardiello. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
Adobe Acrobat eBook Reader September 2007 ISBN 978-0-06-156562-5
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