elmo estonian electromobility program
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Be the firston the road to the futureEstonian Electromobility program 2011-2013
By Jarmo TuiskDirector of technology and innovation divisionMinistry of Economic Affairs and Communications for Estonia
BACKGROUNDAbout Estonia, the innovation backgroud, passanger cars etc.
ESTONIA
Estonia
1,3M inhabitants, largest city. Tallinn 0,4M inhabitantsGDP per capita $19,375 (PPP), GDP total $25,7BIndependent since 1918, occupied by Soviet Union 1941-1991
Member of EU2004
Member of NATO2004
Member of OECD2010
Member of EURO2011
Estonian way to smart society
1992 1997 1998-2000 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Re-independence
Program
“Tiger leap” :
heavy investment
to ICT infrastructure
PCs to every school
E-goverment
Digital signature
Act etc. ID-card
M-Parking
Electronic voting
X-Road: XML-based
backbone for government
apps and databases
Estonian-
Finnish grids
connected
Energy Technology
program
Electromobility
agenda introduced
in MoEaC
Electromobility
Program
European
IT agency
NATO Cyber
Defence
Centre
Estonian Green Transportation Plan
Goal
10% of energy consumption in transportation from renewable sources
Measures• Blending biofuels
5-7% of liquid fuels from renewables by 2015
• Green Public transportation 50% of public transportation to 100% biofuels/biogas by 2020
• Electromobility 1% of transport energy consumption from renewable electricity by 2020
• Eco-driving awareness Reduction of fuel consumption by 10%
Situation of passenger cars in Estonia
Number of cars doubled Cost of transportation doubled
Data: Estonian statistics
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20070%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%Share of transportation costs in househould monthly expenditures, %
CO2 emissions of passenger cars
Average emissions, gCO2/km
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
EstoniaEU25
Estonia compared to EU nations
Data: European Environment Agency
Consumption and cost of gasoline
Consumption of gasoline, .000 tonsGasoline spending dynamics in Estonia
(consumption*brent spot price), USD
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 201150,000,000.00
100,000,000.00
150,000,000.00
200,000,000.00
250,000,000.00
300,000,000.00
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
Data: Estonian statistics Data: Estonian statistics, Europe Brent Spot prices
ELMO – ESTONIAN ELECTROMOBILITY PROGRAMME
Short overview
Why is Estonia launching EV programme?
Our commitment to climate policy
Energy independence
Because we can!
Background for electromobility program
Mid 2010 - Gov. initiates CO2 reduction project calls to use excess AAUs (CO2 credits)
Various projects proposed by ministries
AAU sales team matches buyes and projects
Buildings Energy production Public transportation
Private transportation, electric mobility
Our partner in EV program: Mitsubishi Corporation
• Mitsubishi was interested in the electromobility project proposal.
• The negotiations began in dec 2010 and final set up of the program concluded by Feb 2011.
• Government announced the program in the beginning of March.
• Total volume of AAUs: 10mAAUs (12% of Estonian AAU balance)
Demoproject
Infra-structureIncentives
Fitting the pieces together
for the future ofelectric
cars
1. DEMO PROJECT
507 xFOR SOCIAL WORKERS AROUND ESTONIA
507 iMievs to social workers
• Estonian government bought 507 Mitsubishi iMievs • The purchase is financed by sellinc AAU (carbon credits) to
Mitsubishi Corporation• The cars will remain in the ownership of the Ministry of
Social Affairs of Estonia, but they are handed over to local municipalities all around Estonia
• The cars are distributed for free • Social workers: public administrators responsible for
providing public social services• The cars will be equipped with GPS/GPRS enabled data
loggers for future R&D of usage of electric cars
Mitsubishi iMievs in action
Photos: Bianca Mikovitš, Maaleht
2. INCENTIVES
-50%
Max 18 000 EUR PER CAR, NO BRAND RESTRICTIONS, FOR PRIVATE AND COMMERCIAL BUYERS, UNTIL THE END OF 2012+ 1000EUR FOR MODE3 HOME CHARGER
Incentive scheme
• Eligible cars: fully electric passenger cars (M1)• For private, commercial and public buyers• Support rate 50% of car’s price• Max grant: 18 000 per car + 1000EUR for Mode 3
home charger set-up• You can buy an EV from any EU country• Second-hand (used) EVs are not eligible• Last date to submit grant application 30.11.2012• Budget for 500 EVs
Green certificates
• With each grant comes the obligation to use only renewable energy in your electric car for 5 years
• This will be ensured by using green certificates (certificates of origin)
• EV owner has to report the milage annually to KredEx and submits the equal amount of green certificates
WHY SHOULD YOU BY AN ELECTRIC CAR IN ESTONIA?
Completely new experience
Let’s raceElectric Gasoline
Running costs: EV vs ICE
Electric Gasoline0
50
100
150
200
250
ParkingFuelInsuranceService
Monthly savings: 100EUR!
Are EVs too
small?
4445mm
Where can I refill?
Now:Home/SummerhouseAt workIn future:Home/Summerhouse At workParking houseSupermarket
Now:Gas station
In future:Gas station
What is the driving range per 1EUR?
13km
13km
13km
13km
4km
What’s the price?
Price for me: 18 000 EUR
Octavia Elegance 1.4TSI
Grant: 18 000 EUR
Price for me: 18 000 EUR
Myths about...Electric cars• Too small to be the real cars• You can’t use them because
there is no infrastructure• You can’t drive them,
because they don’t drive more than 120km per charge
• They are too expensive!
Smart phones• They are too big to be
convenient• You can’t use them, because
they don’t have buttons• They are unreliable,
because the battery last only for 24h hours
• They are too expensive!
And you know the story...
3. FAST CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE
Fast charging infrastructure
1.200-250 FAST CHARGERS AROUND ESTONIA2.CHAdeMO + AC Mode 3 slow charger combo3.Central network management system4.5 year contract for network operating services,
24/7 central customer support5.Innovative solutions: mobile identification and
payments, RFID and/or NFC cards, mobile app, web portal etc.
Charging use casesPublic/shared charger
Dedicated charger
Pre-plannedcharging
Extra-ordinarycharging
Daily home charging
Daily office charging
Routine sharedcharging
Travelcharging
Emergencycharging
Use cases and technology options
Daily home charging
Daily office charging
Routine sharedcharging
Travelcharging
Emergencycharging
AC Normal6-8h
AC Fast1-2h
DC superfast20-30min
OK
OK
Maybe
Not ok
Not OK
Maybe
Maybe
Maybe
OK
Maybe
Not OK
Not OK
OK
OK
OK
DC quick charging: best match for public chargers
Public/shared charger
Dedicated charger
Pre-plannedcharging
Extra-ordinarycharging
Daily home charging
Daily office charging
Routine sharedcharging
Travelcharging
Emergencycharging
3 main use-cases for Estonian public charging network
• Locations hard to predict• Cover the main routes
Emergency charging
• Locations easy to predict• Follow the daily routines
Shared routine charging
• Locations easier to predict• Emphasize tourist routesTravel charging
Initial layout of chargers
Effect of one quick charger in Tokyo
AfterBeforeDaily travel distances with the EV
SPECIFICATION FOR QUICK CHARGERS
Charger typesCharger type
Charger output and type
Max nominal output power, kW
Description
SL01 1 DC 50 DC fast charger with single output connector and slow AC (Mode3) outlet socket.
1 AC 3,7
SL02 1 DC 50 DC fast charger with single output connector and fast AC (Mode3) outlet socket
1 AC 22
SL03 2 DC 50 DC fast charger with dual output connector and slow AC (Mode3) outlet socket 1 AC 3,7
SL04 2 DC 50 DC fast charger with dual output connector and fastAC (Mode3) outlet socket 1 AC 22
DC is primary output, AC charging will be stopped until DC charges.
Possible charge station configurations
Amount of chargers to be procured
KredEx will buy 200 +/- 20% chargers- ~180 SL01 or SL02- ~20 SL03 or SL04
Standards for chargers
ID Explanation
2004/108/EU EMC (ElectroMagnetic Compatibility) Directive
768/2008/EUDecision No 768/2008/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 on a common framework for the marketing of products, and repealing Council Decision 93/465/EEC (Text with EEA relevance)
2006/95/EU
Directive 2006/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the harmonisation of the laws of Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits (codified version) (Text with EEA relevance)
IEC 61851 Electric vehicle conductive charging system
IEC 62196 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle couplersand vehicle inlets – Conductive charging of electric vehicle
IEC 61439 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembliesIEC 60364 Low-voltage electrical installations
IEC 60884-1:2006 (EVS 873:2007 ) Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposesIEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 62262 Degrees of protection providedy enclosures for electrical equipment against external mechanical impacts (IK code)
JEVS G105* Connectors applicable to quick charging system at Eco-Station for Evs
CHAdeMO*Standardised protocol of DC quick charger and electric vehicle communications and charger control maintained by CHAdeMO association.
ISO/IEC 14443 Identification cards – Contactless integrated circuit cards – Proximity cards
Chargers and charger installation must conform to following standards
Climate conditions
Chargers must endure and operate in Estonian climate conditions.
Chargers must continually work in temp range -25C ... +40C
• Corrosion and ice-melting salt protection
• Estonian climate– Abs Max temp 36°C– Abs. Min temp -42,6°C– Average 5,6°C
• Bidder must demonstrate the climate tests results (documents)
Input power parameters
• Land-cabel pre-installed• 3 phase, 400V, 50Hz• Main switch parameters
– max 100A (SL01, SL02)– max 180A (SL03, SL04)
• Input current– SL01 or SL02 80-90A– SL03 or SL04 160-180A
Simultaneous charging
• Chargers types SL03 or SL04 must be capable of charging two cars at the same time.
• The point is that some load balancing might be possible between simultaneous charging sessions.
• Max time added for simultaneous charging must not exceed 30% of single charging.
• Kredex is looking to optimize running costs and real estate costs through these type of chargers
AC charging option• Mode 3 Type 2 (Mennekes) socket outlet for those cars not compatible
with CHAdeMO (=Renault)• DC fast charging is a priority. During DC charging AC socket outlet must
be unpowered.• AC socket outlet must be incorporated to the same body as DC charging• AC charger controller must be able to conform to max current/voltage
allowed by car (or charging cord)• No charging cord to be provided by charger
Type Nr of phases Freq, Hz Voltage, V Current, A Power, kWSL01 1 50 230 16 3,7SL02 3 50 400 32 22SL03 1 50 230 16 3,7SL04 3 50 400 32 22
Authentication
• User athentication to be chosen by the bidder from following options:– Smart card (RFID, NFC etc) IEC14443 or IEC15693
compatible or– Mobile phone (SMS, mobile-id, NFC)
• User must authenticate in order to start and stop charging session
Data storage
• Chargers should incorporate data storages (hard disks etc.) for offline-operation of the charger (it must include authentication data, like white and black lists)
• Data must be stored for at least 7 days• Data to be stored:
– Authentications– Charging sessions (duration, energy consumed
etc)
Display and control buttons• Functions:
– consumption/charging info– User guidance
• If touch screen, when needs to be climate compatible• Readability in brigh/dim light• Charger must have control buttons (to operate screen, and/or
authenticate)• Main control buttons: start, stop, emergency must be pushables.• Touch screen functions can be doubled with keyboard• Charger must inform user if charger cannot charge the car (technical
incompatibility)• Display must inform user if car is charged to maximum, charger may
have special light indicator
Body and design of the charger
• Exterior must be corrosion proof• No sharp and dangerous edges• Graffity proof color• Interior must be locked for unauthorized
access• Color: white (or any other color approved by
KredEx)
Safety and security (1)
• Tender documents must include safety and security documentation as well as conformity to standards
• Parts that may be dangerous to users have to be marked with clear and readable signs
• CE-mark (768/2008/EU), IP54, IK10(IEC62262)
• Overheating protection• Remote and local
shutdown feature• Self shutdown in case
of emergency
Safety and security (2)
• Chargers must comply Estonian electric safety law
• Installation according to standard EVS-HD 60364 (IEC 60364-7-721:2007)
• Fault current protection max 20mA
• Protection switch/contactor to each charging output
• Special rain protected location to hold CHAdeMO connector
• Clear voice signal if connector is not properly fixed during 10sec after end of charging session
• AC socket outlet must be unpowered if cable is not connected
• NMS must be capable of switching off the charger in case of emergency
NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Network management systemNMS is an integrated system of software(s) to facilitate the provision of charging services for EV owners.
Charger network control and
management
Technical maintenance• Charger maintenance• Control of chargers
IT-management• Software maintenance• Interfaces with other
software systems• Software development
Energy management• Energy load monitoring• Interface with the grid
Customer services
management
Service management• Service developement• Service control
Customer support• Real-time customer
support• Customer self-service
Customer relation management• Customer contracts
management• Customer analytics
Sales• Sales management• Sales channel
development and support
Financial services
Supplier management• Energy services• Other support services
Billings, account settlements• With buyers• With suppliers
Payment collection• Management of payment
gateways
Financial control• Accounting• Auditing
NMS should be capable to support following business functions EV infrastructure operator
Functional modules of NMSCharger control and management
Data communications controller (charger <-> NMS)
Control of charging sessions
Remote control of chargers
System log
User management
User accounts (customers, administrators, support)
Access control manegement
Authentication management
Service management
Tariff management
User agreements’ management
Customer support
Support case management and reportingQ&A module over the web interface
Financial management
Billing, invoicing
Payments
Analytics Energy consumption analysis
User analytics
OPERATING SERVICES
Services to be procured from the operator
Customer support
Control and technical
maintenance of charging network
Security
Financial transactions with energy supplier
Financial transactions with
customers
Customer support
• Phone support 24/7• 30sec max waiting time in
customer support phone lines
• Bidder should have manned service to visit broken charges and fix it within 60 minutes. If that is not possible bidder should arrange the pick-up of stranded EV and transport it to the nearest charger
• Response times to errortickets– Hazardous error messages should be
dealt immidiately by shutting down the faulty charger
– The charger that is not working must be fixed within 24h or replaced if not fixable within 48h
– Software errors must be fixed with next software update if they are not security related problems
• All errors should be reported to KredEx (monthly report)
• If error cannot be fixed, ot it’s dangereous to humans or EVs it should be reported to KredEx immidiately
Control and technical maintenance of charging network
Charger control• Realtime control over the NMS
– Status,– Users– Energy consumption,– Metering functions– Temperature of charger– Status of doors– Physical state/tilting
• On-site inspection twice a year– Visual overview and completeness– Functionality– Safety of electrical connections– Status of the location
Maintenance• Maintenance should be
performed according to manufacturer’s standards
• Maintenance staff should have been trained by manufacturer
• Charger should be kept clean (dirt, graffity removal etc.)
Security services
• Bidder should provide security cameras to those charging locations with no cameras already attached
• Security videos should be stored for at least 3 days
• Other security services can be decided by the bidder. They should be included in the price.
Financial transactions with energy supplier
• Bidder and energy suppliers have freedom to organize the energy selling agreements between eachother
• Contracts between bidder and energy company must be public to KredEx.
Financial transactions with consumers
• Bidder is responsible for organizing the financial transactions with consumers (agreements, invoicing, collecting payments etc)
• Bidder must provide consumer with their energy consumption data
Other requirements for operating services
Charging locations• Bidder must monitor the state of
charging locations and report if they don’t conform to agreement between KredEx and property owners
• Charger and charging locations must have proper lighting
• Bidder is reponsible for directing signs and traffic signage (if necessary)
• If this has been done by property owner then the bidder do not have to fulfill those duties
Add-on services, personnel• Bidder can develop add-on services
in NMS and in charging locations if KredEx will accept them
• Bidder should state in documents their planned amount of personnel for operating service
• Personnel should have necessary qualification
• In maintenance works they should wear identifiable uniforms
• Leading software developers should be named in the tender documents (with CVs)
CONCLUSION
Estonia as a role model
• Estonia made a bold choice to build up fast charging network
• Single operator single network management system – business model test
• Scandinavia (Europe?) is watching closely how we are performing
Unique opportunities for EV value chain in Estonia
• Flexible and cost-effective test-bed• High concentration of EVs• DC fast charging and impact to grids• Central operating model• Advanced ICT infrastructure• R&D possibilities for “second-life” of car
batteries (1000 EVs after year 2017)
Challenges so far
• Extreme timescale: everything must be completed by the end of 2012
• We have to be robust and decisive• How to gain a public support in these conditions?• How to get big car manufaturers to bring EVs to
market?• Mixed public opinion about EVs: lot of discussion
about EVs in cold climate, range/price seen as a main problem
Conclusion
GOV we provide 360° framework conditions to wider adoption of EV’s.
EV value chainmust demonstrate the sustainable, competitive solutions for private transportation. Estonia is the best place to do that.
THANK [email protected]
Questions and answers