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Elements vs.

CompoundsUNIT 1

Objective

SCI.6.5A Know that an element is a pure

substance represented by chemical symbols.

SCI.6.5B Recognize that a limited number of the many known elements comprise the largest

portion of solid Earth, living matter, oceans, and

the atmosphere.

ⓈSCI.6.5C Differentiate between elements and compounds on the most basic level.

Atoms, Elements, Compounds, and Ions

• Atom

• basic building block of all matter

• Element

•Substance that consists of only one type of atom.

•Molecule has two different atoms.

• Compound

• substance that consists of more than one type of

element.

Pure Substance

Only one type of particle

Can’t be separated by physical changes

Examples:

Pure Water Gold

Elements

All particles have the same number of protons

1 type of particle

All particles have identical properties

Examples:

Sulfur

Atoms

Smallest particle of an element that has the same properties as the element

Building block of all larger particles.

Example:

A Single Copper

atom

ElementsElements contain one or more of the same type of atom!

They are found on the periodic table

Examples include:

Oxygen – 8 protons per atom

Copper – 29 protons per atom

Gold – 79 protons per atom

Carbon – 6 protons per atom

Hydrogen – 1 proton per atom

What the Square tells you

The Symbol

It can be one capital

letter

Or one capital and

lower case

Never EVER EVER

Will it be TWO capital letters

AL-wrongAl- correct

UUp- wrongUup-correct

Families Periods

Columns of elements are called groups or families.

Elements in each family have similar but not identical properties.

For example, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and other members of family IA are all soft, white, shiny metals.

All elements in a family have the same number of valence electrons.

Each horizontal row of elements is called a period.

The elements in a period are not alike in properties.

In fact, the properties change greatly across even given row.

The first element in a period is always an extremely active solid. The last element in a period, is always an inactive gas.

The Periodic Table

How many families/groups are on the periodic

table?

There are also periods on the periodic table

How many periods are

there?

Most abundant

elements of Earth

Most abundant

elements of

Earth

What is abundant

It means the ones that are common on

Earth

Water

Living matter

Atmosphere

Crust Whole Earth

•Oxygen(O) 46.3 % 29.5%

•Silicon (Si) 28.2% 15.2%

•Aluminum (Al) 8.2% 1.1%

•Iron (Fe) 5.6% 34.6%

•Calcium (Ca) 4.1% 1.1%

•Sodium (Na) 2.4% 0.6%

•Potassium (K) 2.1% 0.1%

•Magnesium (Mg) 2.3% 12.7%

•All others 0.5% 5.1%

Abundance of the Elements (wt. %):

Solid Earth

Abundance of the Elements

(wt.%):

Living Things Human Alfalfa Bacteria

•Oxygen(O) 62.8% 77.9% 73.7%

•Carbon (C) 19.4% 11.3% 12.1%

•Hydrogen (H) 9.3% 8.7% 9.9%

•Nitrogen (N) 5.1% 0.8% 3.0%

•Phosphorous (P) 0.6% 0.7% 0.6%

•Sulfur (S) 0.6% 0.1% 0.3%

Objective 3

ⓈSCI.6.5C Differentiate

between elements and

compounds on the most basic

level.

Compounds contain more than one type of atom

chemically combined!

Carbon Dioxide – CO2 (1 atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen)

Water – H2O (2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen)

Chlorine Cl2

Hydrogen chloride HCl

Methane CH4

Carbon dioxide CO2

Draw a line between the molecule and its name.

Element vs. Compound

Element

Only one type of Atom

Size of the atoms do not

matter

Compound

2 or MORE types of

atoms put together

AN ELEMENT IS A SUBSTANCE THAT IS MADE FROM ONE KIND OF ATOM ONLY. IT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCES.

An elementAn element

atom atom

A compound is a substance that is made from more than one element.

atom atom

A compound made up of 2 different elements


A compound can be broken down into elements


An element

An element

An element

Material Made up of: Element or compound

Water Hydrogen and Oxygen

Coal Carbon

Carbon dioxide Carbon and Oxygen

Oxygen Oxygen

Chalk Calcium, Carbon & Oxygen

Wax Carbon & Hydrogen

Table salt Sodium & Chlorine

Caffeine Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen & Oxygen

Material Element or compound

Water Compound

Coal Element

Carbon dioxide Compound

Oxygen Element

Chalk Compound

Wax Compound

Table salt Compound

Caffeine Compound

So how many elements are

in the compound??

Hint count the capital

letters

1. 6.

2. 7.

3.

4. 8.

5. 9.

What are the

numbers?The numbers just tell you

how many elements are in the compound

Example

H2O this means

There are 2 Hydrogen

1 Oxygen

Now how many of each

element is present?

Hint now count the number

No number means it just

one

1. 6.

2. 7.

3.

4. 8.

5. 9.

Now Let’s

REVIEW

The Periodic Table is a useful way to arrange elements.

The vertical columns are called groups.

The horizontal rows are called periods.

Elements in the same group have similar properties.

There are no compounds on the periodic table

Rules for chemical symbols in the periodic table:

1. The symbol is usually the first one or two letters of the name.

2. The first letter of a symbol id always a capital letter.

3. The second letter of a symbol is always a small letter.

4. Every element has a different symbol.

Now look in your periodic table and find the symbols of the following elements

Copper ……..

Iron ………..

Magnesium ………..

Chlorine ………..

Carbon …………

Sodium …….

Lead ……….

Gold ………

Calcium ……..

Fluorine ……….

Now look in your periodic table and find name that corresponds to the following symbol:

Fe ……..

Mg ………..

Ag ………..

K ………..

C …………

Ca …….

Na ……….

N ………

Ne ……..

Pb ……….

THE PERIODIC TABLE

Q1. THE SYMBOL OF NITROGEN IS:

A. NA B. N C. NI

Q2. HG IS THE SYMBOL OF:

A. HYDROGEN B. HELIUM C. MERCURY

Q3. WATER IS NOT IN THE PERIODIC TABLE BECAUSE:

A. IT IS A LIQUID SUBSTANCE B. IT IS A NATURAL SUBSTANCE

C. IT IS A COMPOUND NOT AN ELEMENT

Element Guide

Element Guide

2

Element Guide

2

Atomic number

Element Guide

2

Atomic number

He

Element Guide

2

Atomic Number-tells

what element it is. (also

the atomic number)

He

Element Guide

2

Atomic Number-tells


the atomic number)

HeExplains name of the

element.

Element Guide

2

Atomic Number-tells


the atomic number)


element.

4

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells


the atomic number)


element.

4

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells


the atomic number)


element.

4Explains the total

atomic weight

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