elements simplest form of matter that retains its properties known by common names and abbreviations
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ElementsSimplest form of matter that retains its
propertiesKnown by common names and abbreviations
![Page 2: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Compounds• Made of two or more elements chemically
combined in definite proportions– Law of definite proportions: pure compounds always
have the same ratio of elements H2O = 2 Hydrogen for every 1 Oxygen
(Chemical Formula)
• Two Types:①Ionic Compounds②Molecular Compounds (Molecules)
![Page 3: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Paper Clip Lab
• Elements vs. Compounds vs. Mixtures
![Page 4: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ionic Compounds• Made up of Ions: Charged atoms
Cations: Positive chargeEx: Na (Atom) Na+ (Cation)
11 protons (+) 11 protons (+)11 electrons (-) 10 electrons (-)
Anions: Negative ChargeEx: Cl (Atom) Cl- (Anion)
17 protons (+) 17 protons (+)17 electrons (-) 18 electrons (-)
![Page 5: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ions Vs. Atoms
• There are chemical differences between ions and atoms….
Na+ vs. NaUniversity of Nottingham http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/011.htm
Army disposing of Na http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HY7mTCMvpEM
![Page 6: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ions and Periodic Table
![Page 7: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2 Types of Ions• Monatomic Ions: Single elements
Na+ Zn2+ Br- Cl- O2-
• Polyatomic Ions: Two or more different elementsNH4
+ CO32- CrO4
2- Cr2O72-
See your handout for the list
![Page 8: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ionic Compounds• Cation + Anion = Ionic Compound
Na+ + Cl- = NaCl Ni2+ + 2(IO3
-) = Ni(IO3)2
The positive cation and negative anion attract each other to form neutral compound
Usually solids with high melting and boiling points
Usually form from metal and nonmetal
![Page 9: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Naming Ionic Compounds• Binary Ionic Compounds: 2 different ions
K+ + Cl- KCl
①Cation is ALWAYS first ②Net charge is ALWAYS zero③Cation name doesn’t change.④Change anion name by using the “ide” ending
KCl = Potassium Chloride
![Page 10: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Naming Ionic Compounds①NaCl =
②MgO =
③KF =
④CaBr2 =
![Page 11: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Naming Ionic Compounds• Some elements (called transition metals) can form
more than one type of positive ion. The positive charge of the ion is then indicated by a roman numeral.
Fe2+ = iron(II) Fe3+ = iron(III)Cu+ = copper(I)Cu2+ = copper(II)
![Page 12: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Naming Ionic Compounds①CuBr =
②PbCl2 =
③FeN =
④CrP =
![Page 13: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Naming Ionic Compounds• Polyatomic ions:– Have special names– Are treated as one unit (they don’t break apart)– Most end in “ite” or “ate”
Ba2+ + CO32- BaCO3
Barium Carbonate Barium carbonate
![Page 14: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Naming Ionic Compounds①FePO4 =
②CaCrO4 =
③NaNO3
④SnSO4
![Page 15: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Naming Ionic Compounds①Zinc chloride =
②Iron(II) oxide =
③Tin(IV) sulfite =
④Aluminum hypochlorite =
![Page 16: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Molecule• Neutral groups of non-metallic elements joined by
covalent bonds (electrons are shared) NO IONS – NO CHARGE
• Low melting and boiling points– Liquids and gases at room temperature
• Ex: H2O, CO2, O2, and Cl2
![Page 17: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Naming Molecular Compounds• Name them in the order that they appear– Element with more positive chemical nature will be first• “More positive” means towards the left side of periodic table
– Second element: drop the last syllable and add “ide”
• If there is more than one atom of an element, add a numerical prefix:
CO = Carbon MonoxideCO2 = Carbon Dioxide
N2O3 = Dinitrogen Trioxide
![Page 18: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Naming Molecular Compounds①Dinitrogen monoxide =
②Silicon carbide =
③N2O4 =
④Cl2O8 =
![Page 19: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Naming Acids and Bases• Acid: Produces hydrogen ion (H+) when dissolved in
H2O– Formula = (H+ to balance the anion charge) + (anion)
Ex: H2S HCl
• Base: Produces hydroxide ion (OH-) when dissolved in H2O• Formula= cation metal + hydroxide ion to balance charge
Ex: NaOH Al(OH)3
![Page 20: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Naming Acids• When the anion….– Ends with “ide”:
acid name begins with “hydro”the suffix “ic” is added to the anion
Ex: HCl = hydrochloric acid- Ends with “ite”:
the suffix “ous” is added to the anionEx: H2SO3 = sulfurous acid
- Ends with “ate”:the suffix “ic” is added to the anion
Ex: HNO3 = nitric acid
![Page 21: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Naming Bases• Named the same way as ionic compounds– Al(OH)3 = aluminum hydroxide
– Fe(OH)3 = iron(III) hydroxide
![Page 22: Elements Simplest form of matter that retains its properties Known by common names and abbreviations](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649cd65503460f9499e3f8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Naming Acids and Bases①H2CO3 =
②Phosphoric acid =
③KOH =
④Strontium hydroxide =