elem keyboarding
DESCRIPTION
Review of research on keyboarding in the classroom. This is from a presentation in 2005.TRANSCRIPT
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For More Information:
Keyboarding Cornucopia: Successful Strategies for Teaching Keyboarding
Leigh Zeitz
http://www.keyboardingresearch.org
Keyboarding is . . .
a set of cumulative psychomotor skills involving the touch method of input to a keyboard.
It’s More than that . . .
Keyboarding is a gateway to using a computer efficiently and effectively.
Plan for Today
Review Keyboarding Issues When keyboarding should be taught How keyboarding should be taught Playground Keyboarding Program
– In the Computer Lab– In Physical Education– In the Classroom
Facts
85% of elementary classrooms have
computers.
77% elementary schools have computer labs
24% of 6 - 11 year olds have home
computers.
Facts
ISTE NETSGrades 3 - 5
Use keyboards . . . Efficiently and effectively
At least 4 states require keyboarding at the 5th grade (TX, NY, VA, MN)
Side Benefits
Builds Enthusiasm for WritingTexas Guidelines
Improve Spelling (3rd/4th grade)
Hoot, 1986
Improved reading and vocabulary
Hoot, 1986, Wronkovich, 1998
Grade Level?
3rd grade– Bartholme, 1996; Instructional Resource of Curr/Instr
Div of Saskatchewan Education, 1991; Pisha, 1993; Starr, 2001
4th grade– Erthal (1998); Hopkins (1998)
5th grade– MacIntyre, 1990; Wronkovich, 1998
Not in Elementary– Waner, Behymer, & McCrary, 1992
Issues
Manual Dexterity Cognitive Development Attention Span Reading Ability Curriculum Placement
Manual Dexterity
Size– Need to be able to reach the keys
(Waner, Behymer, & McCrary, 1992)– Younger students spend more time on spelling than
correct finger placement. (Kahn and Freyd, 1990)– Typical keyboard is 11” x 5”.
Don’t wait until your students get bigger, Get smaller keyboards.
Little Fingers Keyboards
DataDesk Technologies http://www.data-desk.com $50 - 70
20% smaller
9” x 3”10.5” x 4”
Manual Dexterity
Agility– Move fingers
independently– Problems with
middle & ring fingers– How many of your
students play the piano?
Portable Word Processors
Personal writing processor On-board keyboard instruction 116 preprogrammed lessons
– Technique Builder Homerow Individualizes progress reports Spell check/thesaurus http://www.keyboardinstructor.com $189
Portable Word Processors
Personal writing processor KeyWords applets Prints reports Enrolls up to 8 students http://www.alphasmart.com $199
Attention Span
Not a factor in developing small movement skills (Wronkovich, 1998)
Attention span increases as students become more proficient. (Kaake, 1983)
Reading Ability
Typing is more than pressing buttons. Grouping letters into words. Reading creates a reason to type.
Curriculum
Keyboarding needs to support curriculum Teach keyboarding 1 year before . . .
– use keyboarding – computer applications (Texas Guidelines)
Where in the curriculum?– Teach independently (Bartholome, 1996)– Integrate as communication (Waner, Behymer,
& McCrary, 1992)
How Fast is Enough?
Upper elementary students write at– 11 wpm
Should be able to type faster than write Enter information into a dynamic writing
environment Allow for editing and revising
How long is the lesson?
Students typically receive < 10 hours– Sormunen, 1991
50 hours over 3 elementary years– Boone (ND)
35 minutes/day for 4 weeks– Robinson (1991)
Review periodically– 15 hours/year– Robinson (1992)
Once taught– Use, reinforce, and refine– Texas Guidelines, 1987; Adams, 1984; Wronkovich,
1998)
Hunt-Peck vs. Touch Typing
Familiarity important at young ages Build familiarity through
– 5-minute practice sessions (Kahn & Freyd, 1990)
– Use typing for writing (Kahn & Freyd, 1990)
– Playground Keyboarding
(Zeitz, 2003)
BUT Familiarity CAN Spawn Hunt-&-Peck
Relies too much on visual feedback Too much attention to fingers Builds bad habits
Can you teach familiarity w/o
a keyboard?
Familiarity w/o a Keyboard
Playground Keyboarding
Playground Keyboarding - In the Computer Lab
Experiment Layout– Two third grade classes
• One with playground keyboarding (experimental)
• One without playground keyboarding (control)
• Identical computer lab instruction• Connection between kinesthetic learning
and keyboarding achievement
Playground Keyboarding - In the Computer Lab
Build familiarity with keyboarding– Develop habits of:
• Good posture• Keyboarding technique• Make keyboarding a reflexive response• Speed and accuracy will follow
Playground Keyboarding - In the Computer Lab
Crucial first week– Lay foundation for safe and proper
keyboarding• Learn correct posture • Hand shape• Homerow orientation• Finger technique
Playground Keyboarding - In the Computer Lab
Posture– Connected good keyboarding posture to
good batting stance– PowerPoint (link)
Ready, set, go!– Made it fun
Playground Keyboarding - In the Computer Lab
Key familiarity– Air Typing (2 minutes each class)
• Used to introduce new keys• Looky Lou Keyboard
Playground Keyboarding - In the Computer Lab
Textbook exercises– Practice– Review– Assess
• 60 seconds• Recorded on progress
report
Playground Keyboarding - In the Computer Lab Reinforcement
– 10% instruction, 90% reinforcement (Keyboard Instructor manual)
– N.O.P.E.C.K Bucks• Good posture, etc.• No peeking
– No Peeky Towel
Playground Keyboarding - In the Computer Lab
No Peeky Towel– Forced them to not
look at keys– Helped develop
memory– Eliminated visual
cues
Playground Keyboarding - In the Computer Lab
Scheduling– Shoot for four or five days a week
(Keyboard Instructor manual)
– We were able to do 2 days a week• 20 minutes each day• Not enough time
Playground Keyboarding - In the Computer Lab
Results!– Mixed
Control Group– Increased 1.5 wpm from beginning
Experimental Group– Increased 1.8 wpm from beginning
Playground Keyboarding -In Physical Education
Lori Smith
Playground Keyboarding - In the Classroom
Aricia Beckman - PLS - 4th Grade
Keyboardinstructor.com
Happy Keyboarding
Keyboarding Research and Resources
http://www.keyboardingreseach.org