electrotehnologii 1
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TEHNOLOGII IN CAMP ELECTRICSI MAGNETIC INTENS
TEHNOLOGII IN CAMP ELECTRIC INTENS
Descarcarea corona - bombardament ionic
Filtrarea electrostatica
Separarea electrostatica a materialelor granulare
Vopsire/acoperire electrostatica
Copiatoare electrostatice, imprimanta LASER
Generatoare de raze X
Propulsia ionica
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 1/17
![Page 2: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Tehnologii electrohidraulice
descarcari electrice in lichide
echipamente electrohidraulice
parametrii procesului de descarcare
strapungerea termica si electrica
circuite de descarcare
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 2/17
TEHNOLOGII IN CAMP MAGNETIC INTENS
Magnetoformare
Separarea in camp magnetic intens
TEHNOLOGII IN CAMP ELECTRICSI MAGNETIC INTENS
![Page 3: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. INTRODUCERE
Electrotehnologii : procese in care energia electrica participa nemijlocit, fiind convertita in alte forme de energie
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 3/17
Obiectiv : produse cu proprietati, forme si dimensiuni comandateSursa de energie Densitate maxima de
putere [W/cm2]Diametrul minim de
concentrare [μm]Reactii electrochimice 103 30Descarcare in arc 105 100Descarcare in scanteie 108 1Fascicul de electroni 109 0,01
Fascicul LASER 1010 0,1
![Page 4: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1. INTRODUCERE
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 4/17
Metode electrice de prelucrare actiune chimica a curentului electric :
prelucrare electrochimica, tratare electro-chimica a suprafetelor, galvanotehnica
actiunea termica si dinamica a curentului electric : electroeroziune, sudare, prelucrare cu fascicul de electroni, prelucrare cu laser
actiunea mecanica a curentului electric si a campului electromagnetic : prelucrare cu ultrasunete, prelucrare in camp electric / camp magnetic intens
![Page 5: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1. INTRODUCERE
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 5/17
Caracteristici ale electrotehnologiilor precizie ridicata, viteza/calitate/randament lipsa contactului direct material – scula
costuri de functionare reduse complexitate medie, intretinere usoara automatizare completa a proceselor
eficienta ridicata conditii de munca, protectia mediului perturbatii electromagnetice !
![Page 6: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2. TEHNOLOGII IN CAMP ELECTRIC INTENS
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 6/17
-
+-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
x
x
E(x)
fara sarcina spatialacu sarcina spatiala
: descarcare electrica autonoma, incompleta, care apare in sisteme de electrozi alimentati la inalta tensiune ce genereaza un camp electric puternic divergent
2.1. Descarcarea corona
![Page 7: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2.1. DESCARCAREA CORONA
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 7/17
Ei = Estr δ(1+0,0301/√δr)
Ei = 3·106(1+0,0301/√r)
Uon = m0 Ei r ln(2d/r)
Uon = Ei r ln(2d/r)
r = 0,1 mm, d = 30 mm
Ei = 12,03·106 V/m
Uon = 7,7 kV
--
- -
+-
-
-
+
-
-
-
![Page 8: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2.1. DESCARCAREA CORONA
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 8/17
Incarcarea prin bombardament ionic
dQ/dt = 1/τ[Qs(1-Q/Qs)2]
τ = 4ε0/kq
Qs = 12πε0r2[εr/(εr + 2)]E
Qs* = k Qs k = f(εr) > 1
k = 2·10-4 m2/Vs, q = 2·10-4 C/m3
τ = 1 msE = 0.5·106 V/m, k = 2·10-4 m2/Vsvi = kE = 100 m/s
r = 0.5 mm, εr = 5, E = 0.5·106 V/mQs = 30 pC (r = 1.5 mm Qs = 270 pC)Ni = Qs/e- =30·10-12/ 1,6·10-19=18.7·107
Q(t) = Qst/(t+τ)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-E
Ep
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - -- - -
εr
![Page 9: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2.1. DESCARCAREA CORONA
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 9/17
Incarcarea prin bombardament ionic
Qs(t) = Qsm|sin(ωt)|
u = Um|sin(ωt)|Q/Qs
m
t [ms]
Qs/Qsm
1
10 20 30
dQ/dt = 1/τ{Qs(t)[1-Q(t)/Qs(t)]2}
d(Q/Qsm)/dt = 1/τ |sin(ωt)|[1-(Q/Qs
m)/ |sin(ωt)|]2
Q(t) < Qs(t)
Q(t) ≥ Qs(t)
τ = 0.1 ms
τ = 1 ms
τ=10 ms
![Page 10: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2.2. FILTRAREA ELECTROSTATICA
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 10/17
-
+
100kV
v
Q
Fe = QE
1000 MW
1000 m3/s72 t/h !
20g/m3
![Page 11: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2.2. FILTRAREA ELECTROSTATICA
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 11/17
-100kV
Fe=QE
vQ
-
+
100kV
η=(z1 – z2)/z1
Dmax = 106 m3/h
θi = 400 °C
Z1 = 1000 g/m3
η = 99,9 %
Pmax = 0,3 MPa
Acol = 300 m2
![Page 12: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2.2. FILTRAREA ELECTROSTATICA
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 12/17
Electrozi corona Electrozi colectori
![Page 13: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
2.2. FILTRAREA ELECTROSTATICA
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 13/17
Poza cu filtru electrostatic idustrial
![Page 14: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
2.2. FILTRAREA ELECTROSTATICA
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 14/17
Deplasarea particulelor incarcate cu sarcina
HV
FA
Fe+Fv
FG
Ff
Fa
Fp
Fa = kp(πd2/8) γgvg
FG = mpg = (πd3/6) γpg
FA = (πd3/6) γgg
Fe = QpE
Fp = (d3/8)[(εr-1)/(εr+2)]E dE/dx
Ff = 3πd ηgvp
![Page 15: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
2.2. FILTRAREA ELECTROSTATICA
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 15/17
Ecuatia de miscare a particulei
HV
FA
Fe+Fv
FG
Ff
Fa
Fp
mpdvp/dt = Fe - Ff
mpdvp/dt = QpE - 3πd ηgvp
vp (t) = vpf(1 – e-t/τ)
vpf = QpE/(3πdηg)
τ = mp/(3πdηg) = d2γp/(18 ηg)
vpf = (ε0d/ηg)[εr/( εr+2)]E2
![Page 16: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
2.2. FILTRAREA ELECTROSTATICA
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 16/17
Depunerea particulelor pe electrodul colector
Fi
+
+
+++++
++
+
+ ++
+ ++
-Qp +Qp
Fi = Qp2/[4πε0(2r)2]
Randament
η = 100·(z1 – z2)/z1 [%]
Deutsch: η = 1 – e-vpA/Dg
vpA/Dg > 5η ≈ 1
![Page 17: ELECTROTEHNOLOGII 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062901/577cc9cc1a28aba711a4a6ca/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2.2. FILTRAREA ELECTROSTATICA
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 17/17
Echipamentul electric
A2
A3
A1
T1
RC RT PTPS
A
kV
L1 TC
TT
N1
Ui
Ue