electronics coaching notes (final)
TRANSCRIPT
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING – COACHING NOTES
Lead acid does not depend on:Ans: Rate of charge
Lead acid consists of:Ans: Dilute sulfuric acid, sponge lead, and lead peroxide
Conputer on a chip is called:Ans: Transputer
Transputer consists ofAns: 32 bits
Nibble consists of ____ bits.Ans: 4
OP amp has a gain of approximatelyAns: 1,000,000
The voice coil has an impedance betweenAns: 4 and 100 ohms.
Semiconductor have ____ bonds.Ans: covalent
Nimak gantry robot hasAns: good precision positioning
Sulphation in a lead acid cell is Ans: to incompletely charging
Nickel cadmium can be charged or discharged becauseAns: water is neither absorbed or formed.
Daisy chainingAns: method used in determining interrupt priorities in a
microcontroller.
Who coined the term robot?Ans: Karel Capek
LASER is classified asAns: monochromatic. Coherent and collimator.
555 timer consists ofAns: astable, monostable and VCO
Early effect is also calledAns: base width modulation
The effect produced due to flow of electrons and holesAns: drift current
Process of adding impurities in the intrinsic semiconductorAns: Doping
What is reduced by using bundled conduction?Ans: Power loss due to corona.
________ is also called modified Maxwell Wien bridge.Ans: Anderson bridge.
________ is a bridge that compares the capacitance of the capacitor.Ans: De Soutry bridge
It measures unkonown inductance in terms of resistance and capacitance.Ans: Anderson bridge
An IC consists of passive devices.Ans: Film IC
SI unit of luminous intesnistyAns: Candela
SI unit of illuminanceAns: Lux
A microwave diode that has a frequency range of 10-1000 GHZAns: IMPATT diode
A microwave diode in the negative resistance region.Ans: PIN diode
Schmitt trigger acts like a Ans: Latch
Fermi level is in the Ans: Forbidden gap
Invalid NAND flip-flop violationAns: S=0 C=0
Invalid NOR flip-flop violation Ans: S=1 C=1
Range of depletion width Ans: 0.5 and 1 um
Impedance matching Ans: Transformer coupling and emitter follower.
Maxwell-Wien bridge measures Ans: Inductance
D flip-flop consists ofAns: JK flip-flop, RS flip-flop and inverter
Uses binary countersAns: D flip-flop
Ideal CMRRAns: Infinity
SCARA uses ____ operationAns: Assembly
Gold doping has an advantage ofAns: Reduced storage time.
It is the time for the diode to be forward biased to off timeAns: Reverse recovery time
The reverse current doubles in every ___ °C increase in temperature. Ans: 6
LASER and LED are in what spectrum? Ans: Infrared spectrum.
GaAs is used for Ans: Infrared light or invisible light
Tapped coil oscillator
Ans: Hartley
Tickler coil oscillatorAns: Armstrong
1
Tapped capacitor oscillatorAns: Colpitts
The sediment that allows the bottom of the lead acid cellAns: Antimony Lead alloy
Two transistors in class B is inAns: Push-pull
Photodarlington consists of Ans: Transistor and phototransistor
Largest voltage applied without irreversible damage Ans: PIV
Thermal neutron is also called _____ neutron.Ans: Slow
Avalanche breakdown is due to Ans: collision
One nibble consists ofAns: 4 bits
Large computer has a maximum of Ans: 64 bits
Card readers can read about Ans: 10.000 cards per minute
Advantage of ECLAns: Lowest propagation delay
Schottky TTL hasAns: Least propagation delay
Main advantage of CMOS Ans: Low power
CC voltage gain Ans: cannot be exceeded to unity.
Largest voltage applied without irreversible damage Ans: PIV
Transputer operates in Ans: parallel data
It is an IC consist of passive and active devicesAns: Monolithic IC
It is an IC consist of passive devicesAns: Film
Discrete circuitAns: Digital circuit
Linear circuitAns: Analog circuit
Backhausen criterion is a condition thatAns: stops oscillating
Negative output swing occursAns: near saturation
Positive output swing occursAns: towards cut-off
When dry cell is charged,Ans: It increased in volume
Class C acts Ans: as an RF amplifier
Crystal usesAns: RF transmitter
A class of amplifier that has 85% efficiencyAns: Class C
With Si, Z=14, it isAns: Half-filled
Formation of Si in valence shellAns: 2, 8, 4
Volatile memory isAns: Semiconductor ROM
Semiconductor ROM isAns: Combinational Logic circuit
EPROM erases when strikes byAns: Ultraviolet rays
Bolometer acts like a Ans: Thermistor
Ondograph isAns: A waveshape of voltage and current.
Nickel iron cell consists of Ans: NiOH, powdered iron and its oxide and 21% of
potassium.
CE isAns: Phase reversal
Photoconductive cell is also called Ans: photoresistive cell
The smallest of all h parameter isAns: hO
The formula of h11 isAns: V1/I1
The h parameter consists ofAns: Construction, operating point and temperature
Moving coil occurs inAns: DC
VTVM internal resistance is Ans: the highest internal resistance
It measures magnetic properties of ferromagneticAns: Permeameter
Simple RL low pass measures -12 dB/octave, corresponds to ___ dB/decadeAns: -40
Rotational joins of the robot is called _____Ans: Revolute joints.
Straight line joints movement of the robot is called Ans: Prismatic joints
2
Input and output pointAns: Handshaking
RL high pass filter has a phase difference of Ans: 45 degrees
Who invented the microprocessor in 1969?Ans: Ted Hoff
Who invented the 1st IC?Ans: Jack Kilby
dI/dt of an SCR isAns: local hot spot
3 ½ display maximum readingAns: 0999
3 ½ 1 mV readingAns: 1000
Straight line methodAns: piecewise linear method
Improper biasing of ICAns: causes distortion
One kWh of energy is equivalent toAns: 860 kcal
Junction breakdown occurs inAns: reverse bias
Ratio of Ah and Wh isAns: greater than one.
The capacity in a cell is measured inAns: Ah
In the IC, the SiO2 layer isAns: isolation
A V/I characteristic curve is Ans: Boltzman diode characteristic.
Early effect is also called Ans: base width narrowing.
Advantage of Swinburne’s test isAns: very convenient and very economical.
An IC consists of ceramic substrateAns: thin film IC
An IC consists of alumina substrateAns: thick film IC
It is the development of a traverse electric field in a solid material when it carries an electric currentAns: Hall effect
It is used when the input signal has periodically occurring intervals in which the input waveform is quiescentAns: synchronized clamping
A circuit that produces an output only when first activated by a preliminary pulseAns: sampling gate
Successive trigerring signal induces a transition regardless of the state in which binary happens to be
Ans: symmetrical triggering
Both carrier drift and carrier diffusion depend on ___Ans: Einstein relation
Microprogramming isAns: A technique to implement the control logic
necessary to execute instructions within a processor.
It is used to measure a speed by cutting off light at a regular intervalAns: Stroboscope
Thermal runaway isAns: is an electrochemical reaction that causes a battery
to heat and possibly explode.
A kind of ROM that degrades its own memory contents as the memory is readAns: EAROM
An inductor operates at 400 HzAns: Toroidal core
An inductor operates at 95 MHzAns: Air core
Data bus Ans: It is data lines in a system bus.
In converting intrinsic into N-type extrinsic semiconductor, which element cannot be used?Ans: Indium
Pin resistor has industrial heating inAns: Hairpin form
Any solid object has ___ degrees of freedomAns: 6
Flip-flop as a latchAns: S-C flip flop
PIN diodeAns: A microwave diode frequencies up to GHz range.
Ip/Iv of a tunnel diode is used in Ans: Computer application
Noise figure of MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit)Ans: 3.5 to 6 dB
Unique advantage feature of CMOSAns: Power in a nanowatt range
Any charge in a battery when taken off the vehicleAns: Bench charge
LASCR acts like a Ans: Latch
A word hasAns: 16-bit length
A double word hasAns: 32-bit length
A company who invented the word byte
3
Ans: IBM
Degrees of freedom is the number of ______ independent movements including the end effector Ans: independent
An inductor operates at 400 HzAns: Toroidal core
Percentage loss of the dc wound machineAns: 1 %
When dc voltage is removed, the clamper acts as a Ans: Rectifier
CMOS has extremelyAns: Large packing density
Solar cell has a principle of Ans: Photovoltaic cell
Sensor that detects change in resistance in extrinsic semiconductorAns: Spreading Resistance Sensor (SRS)
Reduce the stray capacitance and capacitance between bridge arm by groundingAns: Wagner Grounding
A meter sensitivity control in a test instrumentAns: Linear Taper Potentiometer
A volume control in a stereo compact disc playerAns: Logarithmic Taper Potentiometer
Faster in retrieval and storage compared to magnetic tapeAns: Magnetic Disk
It has more ripple in a bandpass and cut-off frequencyAns: Chebyshev filter
Darlington pair of transistors is _____ by Beta factor.Ans: multiplied
CCD has ___ transfer electronsAns: 6
Neutral logic Ans: Trinary logic
Totally true, totally falseAns: Fuzzy logic
Which is not a factor of capacitance?Ans: Plate thickness
Ideal input impedance of an op-ampAns: Very high
Ideal output impedance of an op-ampAns: Very low
With 100 Ω to match with higher input impedance, the configuration isAns: Common base
Optocoupler consists of an Ans: LED and phototransistor
Optoisolator consists of anAns: LED and phototransistor
Positive feedbackAns: Oscillator
Phase locked loopAns: Frequency discriminator, FM detector
Air as inductor core hasAns: Greatest efficiency
What increases noise immunity in op-amp?Ans: Hysteresis
Resisitve elementAns: Horizontal axis
Reactive elementAns: Vertical axis
Sine wave with all harmonicsAns: Square wave
It abruptly changes from 2 voltage leadsAns: Square wave
63.2 %Ans: One time constant
A sine wave oscillator, sine wave circuitAns: Crystal
Positive pulse on anode terminalAns: Turning on an SCS
3 phase rectifier that uses 6 rectifier elementAns: Gratz rectifier
What uses as marker of 100 kHz?Ans: 2 flip-flops
Feature of R-S to J-K flip-flopAns: Toggle
LC balance bridgeAns: Maxwell bridge
Operator on microwave frequencyAns: GaAs over Silicon or Germanium
J-K flip-flop frequencyAns: Divides the frequency by 2.
Small capacitance formed by twisting 2 insulated wireAns: Gimmick Capacitor
Modified Miller circuitAns: Phanastron
Converts step to ramp circuitAns: Miller circuit
Servocontrolled robots are robots within ___ mm range rather than a fraction of mm.Ans: 2
It is an electron tube which emits photoelectrons when the cathode is eliminatedAns: Phototube
It is a radiant energy absorbed by the radiant to incident energy
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Ans: Absorptance
Inventor circuitAns: Converts dc to ac circuit
Laurence or Living stoneAns: Magnetic resonator or cyclotron
MicroporgrammingAns: Sequence of five binary codes
540 degreesAns: Phase opposition
Power efficiency of solar cellAns: 5% to 15%
Thermal detectorAns: Bolometer
Exact location of dataAns: Absolute code
Fundamental frequency in all harmonicsAns: Sawtooth wave
dV/dt of SCRAns: False trigerring
Monolithic IC usesAns: Extensive large components
MOS IC usesAns: MOSFET
A diode with no depletion regionAns: Schottky diode
LED emits light becauseAns: Electron and holes recombine
What is the difference on the input impedance of BJT and FET?Ans: A FET has high input impedance while BJT has low
input impedance.
Marking of scale to accept standardAns: Calibration
Zener diode is inAns: reverse diode
The temperature coefficient of extrinsic semiconductor isAns: negative
Voltage of selenium semiconductorAns: 1 V
It is preferred to manufacture diode and temperature ratingAns: Silicon
Isotope … Ans: Abundance ratio
Electron hole pair is done byAns: Thermal energy
JFET square law device is becauseAns: its characteristic curve is parabolic
Tank circuit
Ans: Antiresonant
Cut-in voltage or turn on voltage currentAns: Exponentially increases
Electron beam deflected from axial to enlarge Ans: Deflection defocusing
Equal ratio bridgeAns: Heaviside Campbell bridge
Silicon oxide (SiO2) is for Ans: Insulation
APD is better than PIN diode is forAns: Speed of operation
Voltage for temperature stability of zener diodeAns: 5.6 V
3 superconducting inductor in parallel Ans: Persistor
Application of semiconductorAns: Wafer
LC circuit is used forAns: Load current
Power factor of RC is betweenAns: 0 and 1
Minimum Duty Cycle of Bust converterAns: Dmin = 1 – 2fsLc
RL
Boost converter critical inductanceAns: Lc = (1-D) 2 DR L
2fs
Buck Boost converter critical inductanceAns: Lc = (1-D) 2 R L
2fs
Buck converter critical inductanceAns: Lc = (1-D)RL
2fs
Typical CMRRAns: 100 to 10,000
Typical CMRR in dBAns: 40 to 80 dB
Accuracy of Wien bridgeAns: 0.5% - 1%
Typical value of armature resistanceAns: 0.5Ω
The saturation voltage of an op-amp is ___ smaller than the power supplyAns: 2 V
Solid grounding has a voltage belowAns: 660 V
Resistance grounding has typical voltage betweenAns: 3.3 – 11 kV
Percentage conductivity of pure annealed silver wireAns: 108.8%
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Percentage conductivity of 99.5% pure goldAns: 72.6%
Percentage conductivity of 63% pure aluminumAns: 63%
Corona is maximum onAns: transmission lines
Transformer that operates on the frequency range of 20 kHz to 20 MHzAns: Carrier frequency transformer
JFET configuration for buffer amplifierAns: common drain
JFET configuration for good voltage amplificationAns: common source
JFET configuration for high frequency amplifierAns: common gate
The dc-dc converterwith unregulated input voltage and regulated output voltageAns: SMPS (Single Mode Power Supply)
Corona is due to Ans: radio interference
A transformer on the frequency of 15 kHzAns: Converter transformer
Ingredients of wet cellAns: Zinc and copper
Main ingredient of dry cellAns: Zinc container
It reduces gain to a limiting levelAns: Limiter
First transistorAns: Point contact
First fuel battery was invented by _____ in 1959.Ans: F.T. Bacon
Unlike buck and boost converter, the buck boost converter featured output voltage:Ans: opposite polarity to input.
Lattice in which the lattice points are only shown in the crystalAns: Bravais Lattice
An error due to shortcoming of instrumentsAns: Systematic error
An error that cannot be correctedAns: Random error
It is a substance where the bulk is composedAns: Element
Typical voltage of lead-acidAns: 2.1 V
What type of cell used in the emergency system?Ans: Silver-zinc cell
Microcontroller consists ofAns: Microprocessor, memory, input and output unit
Percentage of the transistor current flows in the collectorAns: 95%
SMPC operates between ON state and OFF state at a frequency ofAns: 10 kHz and 40 kHz
A camera with imaging positron effect with multiple layer of silicon detectorAns: Compton camera
NMOS is _____ than PMOSAns: 6 times
What is the diameter of the wafer used in manufacturing?Ans: 3 to 8 inches
Standard spacing for IC chipAns: 2 um and 3 um
Advanced spacing for IC chipAns: 1 um
BCC crystal structureAns: Chromium
HPC crystal structureAns: Zinc
Another name for differential amplifierAns: Subtractor
A factor that determines the filter responseAns: Damping factor
Unity gain amplifier has ____ input impedanceAns: Extremely high
Megger is Ans: used to measure high resistance
Increasing transmitter heightAns: Decrease capacitance and inductance remains the
same.
Undergrounding conductor isAns: Maximum at the conductor and minimum at the
sheath
A transformer that has a frequency range from 100 Hz – 150 kHzAns: Converter transformer
Surge impedance of cableAns: 50 Ω
Ideal input impedance of op-ampAns: 50 Ω
Formula for the increase % in saturation currentAns: 2((T2-T1)/10) X 100%
Ideal noise factorAns: 0 dB
Vacant lattice site with missing atom relocated to a interstitial space with no atom.
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Ans: Frenkel effect
FCC packing factorAns: 0.74
Linear change of inputAns: Ramp input
Instantaneous, finite inputAns: Step input
Indicating device orientation of objectAns: Selsyn
An AC bridge that measures mutual inductanceAns: Heaviside bridge
One of the most important bridge in determining link capacitancesAns: Schering bridge
Highest dielectric strengthAns: Glass
High sensitivityAns: Permanent magnet
A transformer in laminated core reducedAns: Eddy current
An analysis used for more than one voltage sourceAns: Superposition theorem
Maximum magnitude of the output voltage from an op-amp is calledAns: Saturation voltage
A graph of amplitude versus input frequencyAns: Bode plot
Effect of recombination on depletion region Ans: Emission coefficient or ideality factor
Magnetic amplifier operates at a frequency at ____ or lessAns: 100 Hz
Most commonly used couplingAns: Transformer coupling
Typical LED voltageAns: 1.6 V
Capacitance of disc ceramic capacitorAns: 100 pF
A bypass capacitor at high frequencyAns: Ceramic capacitor
Indicating device orientation of objectAns: Selsyn
Odd parity checkerAns: XOR
Shelf life of lithium cellAns: 5 to 10 years
Negative feedbackAns: Increases bandwidth and decrease voltage gain
Alkaline cell ingredient
Ans: Potassium hydroxide
Advantage of NiCd over lead acidAns: Cell on NiCd can be replaced
By adding parallel circuit to the inverting amplifierAns: Inverting summing
Linear amplificationAns: Level clamper
Theory of magnetic flux in a closed system equal to zero Ans: Gauss theorem
Personal errorAns: Gross error
Advantage of magnetic disk to magnetic tapeAns: Easier to read
The maximum current can safely handleAns: Ampacity
JFET reference voltageAns: Source
Buffer amplifier gainAns: 1
AWG no. 6Ans: 0.395 Ω/1000 ft.
AWG no. 12Ans: 6350 cmil
Indicating device orientation of objectAns: Selsyn
A mass of 1.66 x 10-27 kg.Ans: Unified amu
Reciprocal of Avogadro’s numberAns: amu
Electrostatic radius of an atomAns: 10-14
Manipulator has ___ degrees of freedomAns: 3
Arrange in data arraysAns: RAM
OS memoryAns: BIOS
Voltage amplifierAns: Pre-amplifier
Latest used dataAns: Cache memory
LIFOAns: Stack memory
Minimum distance of features in a chipAns: Geometry
Number of elements not found in nature but also prepared in laboratories
7
Ans: 105
IC advantageAns: Reliability
Minimum to maximum rangeAns: Span
1/5 of the Wi-Fi rangeAns: Bluetooth
Temperature of Class B motorAns: 130°C
Temperature of Class F motorAns: 155°C
Pure ac voltage single frequencyAns: Single pip
Cannot be used as a permanent magnetAns: Caryon
In double’s Kelvin bridge, 1Ω to 10 uΩAns: 0.05% - 0.2%
Wien bridge oscillatorAns: f = 1/(2πRC)
Most important IEEE standard interfaceAns: IEEE 488 digital interface
Common method of coupling used in cascade amplifier stagesAns: Transformer
It is most obvious at higher frequenciesAns: Corona
Early IC packaging method used in transistorsAns: TO (Transistor Outline)
PLCCAns: Plastic Lead chip memory
It is used in Hi-Fi audio system to split frequencies to fed tweeter and wooferAns: Crossover network
Resistance offered by a PN junction in AC conditionsAns: Dynamic resistance
Characteristic of shared systems to avoid mixing up of print outs or programsAns: Spooling
Absorption of slow moving electrons by an interleaving matter Ans: Ramsauer effect
If a load is removed from a long transmission line, the sending voltage end is less than receiving endAns: Ferranti effect
Corona results inAns: Radio interference
Ratio of thermal conductivity to electrical conductivity is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of all metalsAns: Weidemann Franz Law
Color of neutral in 3-core flexible cable
Ans: Blue
It is neglected in short transmission line analysisAns: Shunt admittance
It is located near transformerAns: Lightning arrester
Volume of atom ratio to cell volumeAns: Packing factor
RLC circuit that provides undamped oscillationAns: Ringing circuit
Contact between metal and heavily doped-semiconductorAns: Ohmic contact
Comparator with hysteresisAns: Schmitt trigger
Negative electron Ans: Negatron
Input continuously increases constant outputAns: Level Clamp
Four arm AC bridge measures inductance by standard capacitance Ans: Maxwell Bridge
Shows positions of lattice pointsAns: Bravais Lattice
Measures the diameter of an atomAns: Ernest Rutherford
Ratio of the AC power supply to the plate power supplyAns: Plate efficiency
Electromechanical device that converts electrical to mechanical by attraction of iron plunger to the electromagnetAns: Solenoid
Lithium batteryAns: Microcomputer memory back-up
Protection against electric shockAns: Earthing
The heat generated melts the portion at the tip of the electrode and the base of the metalAns: Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
Advantages of PCBAns: Eliminates bigger chassis and point to point
mounting
Energy to raise the electron to another orbitAns: Excitation
It is used in high voltage and high current application for most efficient regulatorAns: Switching regulator
What refers to garaging the two adjustments of an Ac bridge together in such a way that changing one adjustment changes the other in a special way, but changing the second adjustment does not change first? Ans: Orthogonal nulling
Not common sine wave generator
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Ans: Multivibrator
Range of degrees of freedomAns: Work envelope
Physical bend, twist, and reachAns: Manipulator
Poor selectivityAns: Wide bandwidth
It has amplifier and feedbackAns: Electronic amplifier
Maintenance of oscillation Ans: Flywheel effect
Free electrons collidal to bound electrons causing mere current carriers Ans: Avalanche effect
Magnetic leakage due to 100% couplingAns: Electromagnetic effect
A particle resulting to an atom of an element combined to form a compoundAns: Molecule
P shell number of electronsAns: 72
Solid formed by covalent bondingAns: Crystal
The resistance in the magnetic path to the magnetic lines of forceAns: Reluctance
The flux density in an iron core when the magnetic intensity is zeroAns: Residual magnetism
When an electron rises to the conduction band a hole is created in the valence band, this called _____Ans: Electron hole pair
Operating temperature of silicon.Ans: -175 to 350°C
Highly sensitive materialAns: Permanent magnet
Smallest ripple voltageAns: Multi-section LC filter
Highest torqueAns: Series motors
Motivating input in a control system which is independent with the outputAns: Command input
Development process of a microcrystal moltenAns: Crystal growth
The voltage regulator, the component used as a comparator Ans: Op-amp
It is not an resistance weldingAns: Arc welding
Atom to atom bond on surface with oxide free surfaceAns: Pressure welding
Elimination of stray capacitanceAns: Shielding and grounding
2 identical shunt motorAns: Hopkinson
In double’s Kelvin bridge, 1Ω to 10 uΩAns: 0.05% - 0.2%
AC voltage frequency converter from one form to anotherAns: Cyclo converter
Skin effect seen atAns: High frequencies
Indicates the address of next instructionAns: Program counter
Drift current is directly proportional to mobility, diffusion is directly proportional to concentration of diffusionAns: Einstein relation
dV/dt in SCRAns: False trigerring
It divides an HF signal so that a low frequency counter would be able to display the operating frequencyAns: Prescaler circuit
Responds to the variation in incident photonAns: Quantum detector
Draws less current from circuit under testAns: FETVM
It provides very high electrical isolation between control ckt and power ckt, has high impedance between light source and phototransistor.Ans: Optoisolator
It is used to measure variations by the changing metallic resistanceAns: Bolometer
Most common bolometric deviceAns: Thermistor
These are mostly used in robot than AC because it can with stand large overload.Ans: DC motor and stepper motor
Converting sine wave to series of pulsesAns: Timing Marker Generator
Current regulator aloneAns: Regulator IC alone
What do you call a short circuit having minimum resistance?Ans: Dead short
What is used in measuring wires from number 0 to number 36?Ans: AWG
Discharge of electricity from a conductor with a high potentialAns: Corona
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Power transformer normally operates at ____ alternating current.Ans: 60 or 400 Hz
What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 0 to 1 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 0 to 4 mA DC?Ans: Perception
What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 1 to 4mA, 60 Hz, AC or 4 to 15 mA DC?Ans: Surprise
What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 4 to 21 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 15 to 80 mA DC?Ans: Reflex action
What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 21 to 40 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 80 to 160 mA DC?Ans: Muscular Inhibition
What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 40 to 100 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 160 to 300 mA DC?Ans: Respiratory failure
What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of over 100 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 300 mA DC?Ans: Fatal
What is the effect of hydrogen surrounding the anode of a cell which increases the internal resistance of the cell?Ans: Polarization
What is the anode of a lead –acid cell?Ans: Lead peroxide
What is the cathode of a lead acid cell?Ans: Sponge lead
What is the anode of a NiCad Cell ?Ans: Hydroxide
What is the anode of a silver zinc cell?Ans: Silver oxide
What is the cathode of a silver zinc cell ?Ans: Zinc
What is the production of the hydrogen gas caused by a portion of the charge current breaking down the water in the electrolyte?Ans: Gassing
What is the shelf life of lithium organic cell and lithium inorganic cell?Ans: 20 years
In what charge is the charging rate determined by the battery voltage rather than a definite current value?Ans: Floating charge
What charge is used to keep a battery at full charge while the battery is idle or light duty?Ans: Floating charge
Floating charge is sometimes referred to as ___ and is accomplished with low current.Ans: Trickle charge
What is used when a battery must be recharged in the shortest possible time?Ans: Fast charge
Electrical safety precatutions must be observed. A fatal shock can occur from ___ ampere of current.Ans: 0.1
Voltages as low as ___ volts have been recorded as causing sufficient current to be fatal.Ans: 30
What type of extinguishers are used to extinguish electrical fires?Ans: CO2
Under favorable conditions, the body resistance may be as low as ___ ohmsAns: 300
The body resistance is possibly as low as ___ from temple to temple if the skin is broken.Ans: 100
In a voltage divider, bleeder current is usually determined by the ___ percent rule of thumb.Ans: 10
A theory of magnetism based upon the electron-spin principle.Ans: Domain Theory.
What action results in the increase in current that generates more heat and the cycle repeats itself until the diode draws excessive current?Ans: Thermal runaway
What is the faithful reproduction of a signal in an amplifier?Ans: Fidelity
What dc generators are designed to act as high gain amplifier?Ans: Amplidynes
What is the range of the dc resistance of most motor armatures?Ans: 0.05 to 0.5 ohms
What is usually the lamination thickness of the armature core of a small generator?Ans: 1/64 inches
Mechanical rotation of frequency is measured using a device called___.Ans: Tachometer
The rotation of frequency of recording devices and teletypewriter motors can be measured by the use of _____.Ans: Stroboscope.
What is an instrument that allows you to view rotating or reciprocating objects intermittently and produces the optical effect of a slowing down or stopping motion?Ans: Stroboscope
What is an electronic flash device in which the flash duration is very short, a few millionths of a second and can measure very rapid motion?Ans: Strobotac
What is a combination of watch and revolution counter?Ans: Chronometric tachometer
What type of bolometer is characterized as an increase in resistance as the dissipated power rises?Ans: Barreter
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What type of bolometer is characterized by decrease in resistance as the power increases?Ans: Thermistor
What instrument is used for measuring radio frequency (rf) power?Ans: Thermocouple ammeter
Which of the following robots is used for machining processes?Ans: Cincinatti T3
Kuka spot welding has ___ degrees of freedom.Ans: 6
Exx1xAns: All positions
Exx2xAns: horizontal positions
Magnetic audio tapeAns: Parallel
Magnetic video tapeAns: Diagonal
Thickness of magnetic audio tape Ans: 1 mil
A sawtooth wave has a ____ added to become trapezoidal wave.Ans: resistor
Absent of current weldingAns: cool sub-interval
1.5 HAns: Air pot core
Who coined the term robotics?Ans: Isaac Asimov
Oldest weldingAns: Forge welding
KlystronAns: High achievable power output
Inert gasAns: MIG
Active gasAns: MAG
Antrophomorphic robot isAns: more maneuverable
It is also known as metal inert gas.Ans: Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)
Robot with facial expressionAns: Kismet
Toy dinosaur robotAns: Pleo
Snap acting switchAns: Microswitch
Approach in which introduce factory automation technologyAns: Islands of automation
Degree of automatic.Ans: Level of automation
Orange, blue and gray diodeAns: IN368
It is the welding electrode comes forward and engage the metal pressing against the surface.Ans: squeeze interval
It is the welding in which the welding transformer energized and the current flows and create a weld.Ans: weld interval
It is the weld interval that is finishedAns: hold interval
Welding electrode is retractedAns: release interval
A time after release interval to the next start sequence.Ans: Standby interval.
It is a closed loop feedback control system in which one or more of the system signals represent mechanical motion.Ans: Servomechanism.
Exx3xAns: Flat
E60xx has a tensile strength of ___Ans: 60,000 psi
With AC or DC similar to E6010Ans: E6011
Major power supply of MIGAns: DCRP
Medium penetration Ans: E6013
Can be prevented by arc weldingAns: Arc flow
Faying surfaces in one spotAns: Resistance spot welding
Faying surfacesAns: Resistance seam welding
Resistance of the workAns: Resistance welding
Mass of 60-lb IR robotAns: 60 kg
Deep penetrationAns: Submerged arc
Deep penetrationAns: DC reverse
Medium penetration Ans: DC straight
Fast weldingAns: Flash welding
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10,000 to 50,000 Hz weldingAns: High frequency welding
Image resolution Ans: Dot pitch
Voltage of dry electrolytic capacitorAns: 500 V
Apply electrostatic voltage in plastic Ans: Electroactive polymer
In electrolytic positive, ___ of the total heat.Ans: 2/3
Prevents coronaAns: Braid
450°F below…Ans: Soldering
above 450°F joining of two metalsAns: Brazing
Metal active gasAns: CO2
Multimeter on the lower center switchAns: Range switch
Multimeter on the lower left switchAns: Function switch
Aluminum D-ARsonval movementAns: Bobbin
Positive leadAns: Red
Negative leadAns: Black
Angular momentum of robotAns: Yaw
GaAs disadvantage Ans: more expensive
Disadvantage of Transformer to capacitive couplingAns: more expensive
A motor or transducer that converts energy (electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic) into power used to produce motion or power. Ans: actuator
The ability of a robot to position its end effector at a programmed location in space.Ans: accuracy
Control signals that are processed by directly measuring quantities (voltages, resistances or rotation). This can be hydraulic, electronic or pneumatic. Ans: analog control
A robot or machine that resembles a human. Ans: android
A robot with rotary joints that can move much like a person’s arm. Ans: anthrophomorphic robot
An interconnected set of links and powered joints comprising a manipulator that supports or moves a wrist, hand or end effector. Ans: arm
The ability of a machine system to perceived anticipated or unanticipated new conditions, decide what actions must be performed under the conditions and plan the actions accordingly. The main areas of applications are expert systems and computer vision.Ans: artificial intelligence
Also known as assembly cell or assembly station. A concentrated group of equipment such as manipulators, vision modules, parts presenters, and support tables that are dedicated to compute assembly operations at one physical location.Ans: assembly
The use of any one several techniques to determine the presence or absence of features. This technique include simple mechanical probes and vision systems. Ans: automated inspection
Automatically controlled operation of an apparatus, process or system by mechanical or electronic devices that replace human observation, effort and decision. Ans: automation
A traveled path in space, usually referred to as a linear direction of travel in any of three dimensions. Ans: axis
A robot in which motions are controlled by driving each axis or degree of freedom against a mechanical limit stop. Ans: bang-bang robot
A platform or structure to which a robot arm is attached; the end of a kinematic chain of arm links and joints opposite to which grasps or processes external objects. Ans: base
A manufacturing unit consisting of two or more workstations or machines and the material transport mechanisms and storage buffers that interconnect them. Ans: cell
A manufacturing unit consisting of two or more cells, and the material transport mechanisms and storage buffers that interconnect them. Ans: center
An assembly between two closely related rigid members enabling on member to rotate in relation to the other around a mobile axis.Ans: complex joint
The use of an interactive terminal workstation usually with graphics capability to automate the design of products. It includes functions such as drafting and fit-up parts.Ans: computer aided design (CAD)
Working from a product design likely to exist in a CAD data base, it encompases the computer based technologies that physically produce the product, including parts program preparation, process planning, tool design, process analysis and parts processing by numerically controlled machines. Ans: computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
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A numerical control system with a dictated mini or micro computer that performs the functions of data processing and control. Ans: computerized numerical control (CNC)
The unit of automatic work for a robot. Within a cycle, subelements called trajectories define lesser but integral elements. Each trajectory is made up of points where the robot performs an operation or passes through depending upon the programming.Ans: cycle (program)
The number of independent ways the end effector can move. It is defined by the number of rotational or translational axes through which motion can be obtained.Ans: degrees of freedom
The joint that connects the upper arm and forearm on a robot. Ans: elbow
Also known as end of arm tooling or simply a hand. The subsystem that links the mechanical portion of the robot (manipulator) to the part being handled or work on, and gives the robot the ability to pick yp and transfer parts and/or handle a multitude of different tools to perform work on parts. Ans: end effector
Robots with little if any computer power. Their only intelligent functions consist of learning a sequence of manipulative actions, choreographed by a human operator using a teach box. Ans: first generation robot system
Also known as nonservo robot or open robot. A robot with stoppoint control but no trajectory control.Ans: fixed stop robot
Multipurpose robots that are adaptable and capable of being redirected trained or used for new purposes.Ans: flexibility operational
An arrangement of machine tools that is capable of standing alone, interconnected by a workpiece transport system and controlled by a central computer.Ans: flexible manufacturing system (FMS)
Also known as pedestal robot. A robot with its base permanently or semi-permanently attached to the floor or bench. Such a robot is working at one location with a maximum limited work area and in many cases servicing only one machine.Ans: floor mounted robot
That portion of a jointed arm which is connected to the wrist and elbow Ans: forearm.
An overhead mounted, rectilinear robot with a minimum of three degrees of freedom and normally not exceeding six. Ans: gantry robot.
The grasping hand of a robot, which manipulates objects and tools to fulfill a given task. Ans: gripper
An approach used to introduce factory automation technology into manufacturing by selective application of automation.Ans: islands of automation.
The degree to which a process has been made automatic. Relevant to the level of automation are questions of automatic failure recovery, the variety of situations that will be automatically handled, and the conditions under which manual intervention or action by human beings is required.Ans: level of automation
An electrical switched positioned to be switched where a motion limit occurs, thereby deactivating the actuator that causes the motion. Ans: limit switch
A mechanism usually consisting of a series of segments or links, jointed or sliding to one another, for grasping or moving objects, usually in several degrees of freedom. Ans: manipulator
A method for the control of machine tool systems. A program containing all the information, in symbolic numerical form, needed for processing a workpiece is stored on a medium such as paper or magnetic tape. Ans: numerical control
Developing robot programs partially or completely without requiring the use of the robot itself. The program is loaded into the robot’s controller for subsequent automatic action of the manipulator. Ans: off-line programming
Software that controls the execution of computer programs, may provide scheduling, allocation, debugging data management, and other functions. Ans: operating systems
Also known as positioning. The consistent movement or manipulation of an object into controlled position and altitude in space. Ans: orientation
The equipment used in conjunction with the robot for a complete robotic system. This includes grippers, conveyors, parts positioners and parts or materials feeders that are needed with the robot. Ans: peripheral equipment
Also known as bend. The angular rotation of a moving body about an axis that is perpendicular to its direction of motion and in the same plane as its top side. Ans: pitch
Also known as photoelement or photosite. A digital picture or sensor element, picture is short for picture cell. Ans: pixel
The act of providing the control instructions required for a robot to perform its intended task.Ans: programming
The envelope of variance of the robot tool print position for repeated cycles under the same conditions. It is obtained from the deviation between the positions and orientations reached at the end of several similar cycles. Contrast with accuracy. Ans: repeatability
A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move a material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. Ans: robot
The science of designing, building and applying robots.
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Ans: robotics
Also known as twist. The rotational displacement of a joint around the principal axis of its motionj, particularly at the wrist.Ans: roll
A robot with a computer processes added to the robotic controller. This addition makes it possible to perform, in real time, the calculations required to control the motions of each degree of freedom in a cooperative manner to effect smooth motions of the end effector along predetermined paths. It also become possible to integrate simple sensors, such as force torque, and proximity into the robot system ,providing some degree of adaptability to the robot’s environment. Ans: second generation robot system
A controller that operates an application though a fixed sequence of events. Ans: sequencer
A robot driven by servomechanisms, that is, motors or actuators whose driving signal is a function of the difference between a commanded position and/or rate is measured actual position and/or rate.Ans: servocontrolled robot
An automatic control mechanism consisting of a motor or actuator driven by a signal that is a function of the difference between a commanded position and/or rate and measured actual position and/or rate.Ans: servomechanism
The manipulator arm linkage joint that is attached to the base. Ans: shoulder
The maximum velocity at which a manipulator joint can move; a rate imposed by saturation in the servoloop controlling the joint. Ans: slew rate
The use of two or more cameras to pinpoint the location of an object in a three dimensional space. Ans: stereo imaging
The detection by a robot though contact of touch, force, pattern slip and movement. It allows for the determination of local shape, orientation and feedback forces of a grasped workspace.Ans: tactile sensing
A robot system characterized by the incorporation of multiple computer processors, each operating asynchronously to perform specific functions. It includes a separate low level processor for each degree of freedom and a master computer supervising and coordinating these processors, as well as providing higher-level functions. Ans: third generation robot system
The orientation of a view with a video camera, in elevation. Ans: tilt
A continuous position control response to continuously changing input requirements. Ans: tracking
A movement such that all axes remain parallel to what they were. Ans: translation
The acquisition, movement thorugh space, and release of an object by a robot.
Ans: transport
The portion of a jointed arm that is connected to the shoulder. Ans: upper arm
Also known as the robot operating envelope. The set of points representing the maximum extent or reach of the robot tool in a directions. Ans: work envelope
The envelope reached by the center of the interface between the wrist and the tool, using all available axis motions. Ans: workspace
A set of joints, usually rotational, between the arm and the hand or end effector, which allow the hand or end effector to be oriented relative to the workpiece. Ans: wrist
The angular displacement of a moving joint about an axis which is perpendicular to the line of motion and the top side of the body. Ans: yaw
What magnet is used in computer memory circuits? Ans: Ring magnet
What magnet is used in some meter circuits? Ans: Horseshoe magnet
“If the electrons of the atom in a material spin more in one direction than in the other, the material will become magnetized”. This refers to what theorem?Ans: The Domain theory of Magnetism
What theorem assumes that all magnetic materials are made up of magnetic molecules which, if lined up in north to south pole order, will be a magnet. If not lined up, the magnetic fields about the molecules will neutralize each other and no magnetic effect will be noted? Ans: Weber’s theory of magnetism
What do you call a short circuit having minimum resistance? Ans: Dead short
What refers to a continuation of current flow within an electrical cell when there is no external load? Ans: Local action
The amount of increase in the resistance of 1 ohm sample of the conductor per degree of temperature rise above 0°C is called what? Ans: Temperature coefficient of resistance
What do you call the resistance to current leakage through the insulation? Ans: Insulation resistance
What is the common name for enamel insulated wire? Ans: Magnet wire
What term is general one and usually applies only to the larger sizes of conductors? Ans: Cables
The process of applying thin coat of solder to materials prior to their being soldered. Ans: Tinning
The addition of atmospheric oxygen to metal to form rust, or to cause a breakdown in the internal construction of the metal.
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Ans: Oxidation
What refers to a continuation of current flow within an electrical cell when there is not external load? Ans: Local action
A continuous jacket of lead molded around a single conductor or multiple conductor cable.Ans: Lead sheath
What do you call the force exerted on an insulator by the voltage in a conductor?Ans: Electrostatic stress
The discharge of electricity from a conductor with a high potential.Ans: Corona
A material that removes oxides from surfaces to be joined by soldering or welding.Ans: Flux
A synthetic mixture of rosins that is flexible and used as an insulating material. Generally used as an insulator for low and medium range voltages. Ans: Thermoplastic
The capacity of a soldering iron to generate and maintain a satisfactory soldering temperature while giving up heat to the material being soldered. Ans: Thermal inertia
What is the working voltage of a dry electrolytic capacitor? Ans: 500 V
If arcing should occur between the plates of an oil filled capacitor, the oil will tend to reseal the hole caused by the arcing. Such a capacitor is referred to as ____ capacitor. Ans: self-healing
The maximum voltage that can be steadily applied to the capacitor without the capacitor breaking down (shorting) is called ____ of the capacitor. Ans: working voltage
What is meant by “local action”? Ans: Current flow in cell with no external load.
The left side of the pulse Ans: Leading edge
The right side of the pulse Ans: Trailing edge
What is the process by which an atoms gain or losses electrons?Ans: Ionization
Any group of energy levels that results from the close proximity of atoms in a solid. Ans: Energy bands
How many pulsations per revolution have the output voltage of an elementary single coil dc generator? Ans: Two
How many commutator segments are required in a two-coil generator? Ans: Four
What is the distortion of the main field due to the effects of armature current? Ans: Armature reaction
What type of prime mover requires a specially designed high speed alternator? Ans: Steam turbine
What type of rotor is used in slower speed alternators?Ans: Salient pole rotor
What type of rotor is wound in a manner to allow high-speed use without flying apart? Ans: Turbine driven type rotor
What term is used to denote the difference in speed between the rotor which is always somewhat less than the speed of the rotating field? Ans: Slip
What mechanical device reverses armature connections in motors and generators at the proper instant so that current continues to flow only in one direction? Ans: Commutator
What motor characteristic is affected by counter emf? Ans: Speed
How is EPROM erased? Ans: with a burst of ultraviolet light
Whenever data is transferred between devices, it involves the exchange of prearranged signals. What is this process called? Ans: Handshaking
What test is used to check for opens (or to see if the circuit is complete or continuous) and is accomplished with an ohmmeter? Ans: Continuity test
What type of circuits are caused by some conducting part of the circuit making contact either directly or indirectly with the metallic structure of the ship or chassis? Ans: Ground circuits
Shunts are usually made from what alloy? Ans: Manganin
What property of shunt is desired because of the heavy currents that often flow through shunts producing heat?Ans: Zero-temperature coefficient
In D’Arsonval meter, many turns of fine wire would be used, each turn adding more effective length to the coil. The coil is wound on an aluminum frame called ___. Ans: bobbin
What is an important point to remember when you are making an accurate resistance measurement? Ans: “Zero” the meter each time you select a new range.
BJT better than FET Ans: radio receiver
Wineglass Ans: Plasma arc welding
… plasma Ans: Plasma arc welding
Slow speed
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Ans: Salient pole
High speed Ans: Turbine driven type rotor
Differentiation Ans: Submerged
Comparison solenoid Ans: Relay fixed core
Human arm Ans: Serial robot
Input display signal voltage Ans: Vertical deflection coil
Replacing DC motor/recently used Ans: Piezo motor
Rapid discharge of electrical energy Ans: Percussion welding
Hydrogen Electrode Ans: E7018
False Ans: Air has the concentrated magnetic field
Electron gun tube Ans: CRT
Electron field tube Ans: Electron beam
Multicavity Klystron Ans: Variable electron speed
Fuse Ans: Quick break type
Magnetic frequency increases Ans: Power output decreases
Cause of electrons due to the longitudinalAns: Magnetic field
Along a jointAns: Upset welding
Fastest memoryAns: Flash memory
Tungsten electrodeAns: TIG
Use of non-interlaced monitorAns: Fast graph
CMOS disadvantageAns: cannot handle high power
TTLAns: least susceptible to noise
E stands forAns: American Wire Electrode
Exceeding 450°F Ans: Brazing
Not exceeding 450°FAns: Soldering
Generators usedAns: Magnetic
Battery used as Ans: chemical
Responsible of pulsating DCAns: Commutator
Low voltage high powerAns: Center tapped Full Wave
Oldest 1940 general magnetic phenomenonAns: Colding or cold contact
JointsAns: Direct Kinematics
End effector Ans: Inverse Direct Kinematics
Nothing but to memory Ans: Flag field
Unwanted connection Ans: Fault connection
Frequency synthesizer used as Ans: Divider
Output amplitude Ans: Amplitude stability
DC motor is preferred as driver in robotics because Ans: it can withstand large overload
Welding is not used direct source because Ans: it is impracticable to draw heavy currents
Atomic hydrogen is long lived because Ans: ac is used
RF power amplifier Ans: Common base
Choke Ans: passes dc but not RF
Multivibrator Ans: Common emitter or common source
Algorithm better than ZMP Ans: Dynamic balancing
One feet with smallAns: Hopping
Automatic weldingAns: 5 intervals
Control grid of a tubeAns: gate of a FET
Impedance mismatch reactance outputAns: Transformer
Laminated core
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Ans: reduces eddy current loss
No load loss but not electrical lossAns: Windage
Manganese Dioxide Alkaline Acid Ans: Alkaline Cell
Draws large amount of current Ans: Rheostat
Increase RL Ans: Improved Efficiency
Single coil Ans: Elementary generator
3 classifications of robot Ans: Anthrophomorphic, SCARA, and articulated
Connects arm and end effectors Ans: Wrist
____ for bones, ____ for muscle and ____for degrees of freedom. Ans: links, actuator, and joints
Early actuator Ans: Elastic nanotube
Changing of electric energy Ans: Electroactive polymer
Variable speed Ans: DC generator
Constant speed Ans: AC generator
More robot than worker Ans: Japan
Transient suppression prevents Ans: diode failure
Tunnel diode Ans: Dr. Leo Esaki
Zener Diode Ans: Dr. Carl Zener
Varactor diode uses Ans: Frequency stability
2 terminal communicate Ans: Handshaking
Highest fidelity Ans: Class A
Portion Ans: Class AB
FET amplifier Ans: Class AB2
Medium penetration Ans: E6013
Oxy fuel arc Ans: Oxy fuel gas welding
Electrical requirement of arc welding Ans: high open circuit voltage
Horizontal oscilloscope Ans: Time/division
Joining of metals Ans: Welding
Radio using tubes Ans: Bulk and heavy
The purpose of I in PIN diode Ans: minimizes junction capacitance
1/16 to 5/16 in in diameter Ans: American Welding Society
Degrees of freedom for General purpose effectors Ans: 20
Deep penetration welding Ans: Submerge arc welding
JFET except Ans: transconductance
Pinch off voltage Ans: Transconductance is zero
Formula for IC with leakage current Ans: IC = βIB + (β+1)ICBO
IE Ans: IE = IC - ICBO
α ICQ
Ans: ICQ = βIBQ + ICEO
IEQ
Ans: IEQ = ICQ + IBQ
Increase temperature leakage current Ans: ICBO = ICBO
(T2-T1)/10
Charge of a capacitor Ans: Q = CV
Charge Ans: Q = Qo (1-e(-t/RC))
Dependent on gap Ans: Charge efficiency
NRZI means Ans: Non-return to zero invert
Pilot cell Ans: identifies the condition of the battery
More likely to occur than zener breakdown because lightl doped Ans: Avalanche breakdown
How wire Ans: measure dc and ac
Dielectric constant of mica Ans: 6
Buck boost lossless Ans: D = (V2)/(V1+V2)
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Buck Ans: D = V2/V1
Op-amp filter Ans: Polysterene
TTL Ans: open circuit high level
I2L Ans: bipolar saturated logic
EAROM Ans: Degrade data if used
6 rectifying elements Ans: Gratz rectifier
Superconductivity thin film memory consisting of a superconducting inductor Ans: Permistor
Register and counters are the same because Ans: they have the same array of flip flop and gates
High Q Ans: High selectivity
2 principles of detector Ans: Rectifier and filter
Microprocessor Ans: ALU and control unit
CPUAns: ALU and control unit
Simulate Ans: Simulator
Servocontrolled robot Ans: Soft stop
Nonservo robot Ans: Hard stop
Lowest resistivity at 293 K Ans: Copper
BIG elements Ans: Trivalent
PAA elements Ans: Pentavalent
Analog preferred than digital because Ans: of measuring signal strength
Opposing torques Ans: Deflecting and restoring torques
Code that… Ans: Absolute code
Equal ripple Ans: Eliptic filter
IlluminanceAns: Lux
Ripple sharp cutoff
Ans: Chebyshev filter
Adds all harmonicsAns: Sawtooth
Odd harmonicsAns: Square
All even harmonics Ans: Push pull
The single grid of vacuum Ans: Control grid
In low frequency cutoff, amplitude decreases by ___ from midrange value Ans: 3 dB
Change in audio rangeAns: 1 dB
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