ELECTRONIC WARFARE SOUTH AFRICA 2017

International Conference & Exhibition

6-8 November 2017 | CSIR, Pretoria

ELECTRONIC WARFARE SOUTH AFRICA 2017

International Conference & Exhibition

6-8 November 2017 | CSIR, Pretoria

Increase Capabilities

Between Lab and Real

World Test for Radar and

Communication Signals

with a Modern T&E

Architecture

Agenda

– Introduction

– Challenges of Simulating Threat Environments

– Software Simulation

– Hardware Simulation

– Conclusion

Page

A Brief History of Keysight

1939–1998: Hewlett-Packard yearsA company founded on electronic measurement innovation

1999–2013: Agilent Technologies years

Spun off from HP, Agilent became the World’s Premier

Measurement Company. In September 2013, it

announced the spinoff of its electronic measurement

business

2014: Keysight begins operations

November 1, Keysight is an independent

company focused 100% on the electronic

measurement industry

We believe in “Firsts”Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard’s original vision launched

Silicon Valley and shaped our passion for “firsts” 75 years

ago. Today we are committed to provide a new generation

of “firsts” – software-oriented solutions – that create value

for our investors and valued insights for our customers.

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We Help Companies Unlock Insights to Succeed

Communications:

From the speed of

innovation to the cost

of test, time-to market

pressures have never

been greater.

We help companies

win in the first to

market race.

Industrial,

Computers,

Semiconductors:

Electronic content is

everywhere.

Explosive growth calls

for a proven partner.

We help customers

across design,

verification and

manufacturing to

installation and

maintenance.

Aerospace Defense:

Where there’s no

room for compromise,

we help customers

reduce risk.

We help customers

update their radar,

satellite and

communication

systems to free up

time to focus on

where it counts the

most.

4

Agenda

– Introduction

– Challenges of Simulating Environments

– Software Simulation

– Hardware Simulation

– Field Trainings

Page

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Aircraft testing and evaluation costs

Challenges of Simulating Environments

– Goal is to only perform in flight

what cannot be achieved on

the ground.

– Expensive to fly airplanes

• $40K/hour for flight test

• $100K/hour for 2 plane flight test

– Repeatability nearly impossible

Difficulties with Flight Testing

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Challenges of Simulating Environments

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Ea

se

of

de

sig

n c

ha

ng

es

FLEXIBILITY VS. DESIGN PHASE

Design flexibility

Realism Challenges

7

Easiest to iterate and

debug in this phase.

Time to market is not

significantly impacted.

Time to market slows

and design changes

are increasingly

burdensome

Design realism

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Challenges of Simulating EnvironmentsDifficulty in Generating Realistic Signals

8

An EW environment will have

thousands of emitters.

Simulating this environment is a

major challenge, especially in the

design phase, when design

flexibility and productivity are at

their greatest.

The best way to achieve this is to

simulate many emitters with a

single source, and to employ

multiple sources.

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Radar Threats are Becoming More Sophisticated…Impacts EW Receiver Designs and How We Test Them

Older

Radars M

M

M

M L

H

H

HRx SNR

@ EW SUTFrequency

Accuracy

Sensitivity

Pulse

Density

1 Million

P/S

2 Million

P/S

LPI(Lower Probability

Of Intercept)

Multiple Threats(Increasing!)

Range(Increasing)

Resolution(Increasing)

99

Agenda

– Introduction

– Challenges of Simulating Environments

– Software Simulation

– Hardware Simulation

– Conclusion

Page

Continuous validation. Faster design. Less R&D effort.

Connecting domains.

Quickly capture “system level”

design concepts

Model implementation-level

impairments

Connect BB, RF, and Test for

rapid prototyping and earlier

validation

Use the same tool and IP

throughout the R&D workflow

RF / Analog

Channel ModelingPhase Array/Beamforming

Digital Pre-Distortion (DPD)

MIMO/mm-wave Channel

RF System Design

Test EquipmentRF Sources & Analyzers

AWG & Digitizers

Scopes, Logic, Modular

Test SoftwareI/O Lib, ComExpert

89600 VSA

Signal Studio

3rd Party

BB Algorithm

Modeling MATLAB .m

FixedPoint, HDL/FPGA

Embedded C++

Filtering, EQ, Modem

IP Reference Libraries5G-4G LTE-A, LTE,

HSPA+,3G,2G

WLAN 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ad/ah

DVB S2/S2X, DOCSIS

Defense Radar, SatCom, Modem

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SystemVue support for Standards & VerificationInstrument-grade functional pre-compliance for algorithms/links

3G/4G/5G MOBILITY

5G and LTE-A (Rel 10-13),

LTE (Rel 8,9)

WCDMA, HSPA+,

CDMA, CDMA2000

GSM, EDGE

LOCAL

CONNECTIVITY

WPAN / 802.15.3c

802.11ad

Zigbee^ / 802.15.4

Bluetooth

^ available with W1461BP

core environment

NETWORKING

WiMAX / 802.15e

WLAN

/802.11abgnp/ac/ah/x

60GHz 802.11ad

Custom OFDM^

BROADCAST &

SATCOMM

DVB-S2/S2X, ISDB-T

DOCSIS, OFDM

General Digital Modem

GNSS sat nav

DEFENSE

RADAR: PD, UWB, FMCW,

SAR, DAR, SFR, MIMO,

Phased Array

SystemVue “Baseband Verification” Libraries

MATLAB co-simulation

External waveform references

Read IQ data files

Capture signals from test

equipment (SDF)

Coordinated licensing

w/Signal Studio .WFM

(options 7NP, 7FP)

M1 {MATLAB_Script@Data Flow Models}

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W1905 Radar Model Library

1

3

Reference algorithms for Radar/EW systems, scenarios, verification

EW Models

• Signal Detection

• EW Receiver

• ECM , EP, ES

• Direction of Arrival

Tx / Rx

ComponentsMeasurementTx Waveform

Pulse Generator

• LFM

• NLFM

• BarkerCode

• FrankCode

• ZCCode

• Tx Front-end

• Rx Front-end

• DUC

• DDC

• DAC

• ADC

• PA

• Filter

• DDS

• T/R Module

Environment Radar Signal Processing

• Target

• RCS

• Clutter

• Jammer

• Interference

• Digital Pulse Compression (PC)

• Moving Target Indication (MTI)

• Moving Target Detection (MTD)

• Pulse Doppler Processing (PD) [2]

• Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR)

• Digital Beam-forming 3D

• Space-Time Adaptive Processing

(STAP) Systems

• Basic Tx

• Basic Rx

• Antenna Pattern

• Imaging Plot

• Detection Rate

• False Alarm Rate

• DAR/SAR

• PD

• UWB

• FMCW

Antenna

• Taylor

• Uniform

• Cos^2

• SFR

• EW

• PAA

• MIMO

Page

SystemVue pulls Radar/EW Systems together

Finite-Difference Time-Domain,

Finite-Element Technology

Antenna / Beamforming

ADS, Momentum,

Thermal

Physical RF

Sim & Layout

SystemVue Spectrasys

T/R module Architecture

Method-of-moments

technology

Module simulation

Design & Test

integration

SystemVue Dataflow , Reference IP,

RF-DSP co-verification, Links to Test

System–level simulationMATLAB code, C++,

VHDL/Verilog, SystemC,

Hardware-in-Loop

Baseband Algorithm

Modeling, Implementation

3rd Party API

Scenarios, Embedding

Automation

Agenda

– Introduction

– Challenges of Simulating Environments

– Software Simulation

– Hardware Simulation

– Conclusion

Page

Signal Simulation

Communication Signals

– Two types to consider

• Non-Signalling

- Physical Layer Generation

• Full Signalling

- Base Station / Mobile Emulation

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Non-Signaling Simulation

– Analog signal generators

• Analog signal generators supply sinusoidal continuous wave (CW) signals with

optional capability to add AM, FM,ΦM and pulse modulation.

– Agile signal generators

• Agile signal generators are optimized for speed to quickly change frequency,

amplitude, and phase of the signal. They also have the unique capability to be phase

coherent at all frequencies, all of the time. This attribute, along with extensive pulse

modulation and wideband chirp capabilities, is ideal for electronic warfare (EW) and

radar applications.

– Vector Signal Generators

• Vector signal generators or digital signal generators have a built-in I/Q modulator to

upconvert complex modulation formats such as QPSK and 1024QAM. When

combined with an IQ baseband generator, virtually any signal can be emulated and

transmitted within the information bandwidth supported by the system.

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Vector / Baseband Signal Generation

20

Flexible

Signal

Generation

Wireless

connectivity

WLAN 802.11a/b/g/j/p/n/ac/ad/ah

DFS

Mobile WiMax, Fixed WiMax

Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy

Wi-SUN 802.15.4g

Audio/video

broadcasting

DVB-T/H/T2/C/S/S2

ATSC, ATSC-M/H, J.83B

(DOCSIS)

ISDB-T/TSB/TB/Tmm

DTMB(CTTB), CMMB

DAB/DAB+/DMB/T-DMB

AM, FM, FM Stereo

RDS/RBDSDetection, positioning,

tracking & navigation

Pulse building

GPS, GLONASS,

Galileo, Beidou, SBAS,

QZSS, radar

LTE & LTE-Advanced

FDD/TDD

W-CDMA/HSPA+,

cdma2000, 1xEV-DO,

GSM/EDGE/

Evo, TD-SCDMA

Cellular

communications

Signal

Studio

Systemvue Matlab

Page

Selecting a High-Speed AWG

M8190A

• 12/14 bit res.

• 12/8 GSas/s

• 5 GHz BW

• SFDR up to 90 dBc

• Applications

• Radar / EW

• Satellite

• Wideband Wireless (5G)

M8195A

• Up to 65 GSa/s

• 25 GHz BW

• Up to 4 ch.

• 8 bit resolution

• Applications

• 32 GBd PAM4

• Coherent optical

• RF with > 4 GHz modulation BW

M8196A

• Up to 92 GSa/s

• 32 GHz BW

• 4 channels

• 8 bit resolution

• limited playtime

• Applications

• 56 GBd PAM4

• Coherent optical

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Comparison Analog vs Digital Up conversion

22

Digital signalAnalog signal

Analog I/Q modulation – Analog I and Q

signals are generated using an AWG.

An I/Q modulator generates the IF or RF signal

Digital up-conversion – I/Q modulation is

performed digitally and in real-time.

The multiplication with a carrier signal is

performed digitally.

Analog I/Q up conversion

causes distortions

I

Q

IF

Best signal qualtiy

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Agile Generator EW/Radar Simulation in the labMake EW system “think” that it is flying in a multi-emitter environment

24

This….

….must look like this:

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Signal Studio for Multi-emitter Scenario Generation (MESG)

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– Enables Creation of platforms,

emitters, and waveforms with

kinematics and angle-of-arrival.

– Interleaves emitters and computes

dropped pulse reports based on

number of UXGs in the system and

pulse coincidence (pulse-on-pulse).

Graphical results are displayed in

time domain analysis window

– Saves pre-computed scenarios to

local hard disk for LAN streaming

playback or uploads scenario directly

to solid state disks on UXGs in test

system.

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Agile Generator EW Generator

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Agile Generator EW Generator

27

“Analog”

“Vector”

3 Channel System 0-40 GHz

3 Pulses at Same Time4 Port DOA System 0-40

GHz1 Pulse at Same Time“Analog”

1 RF Connection

1 RF Connection

4 RF Connections

4 RF Connections

“Vector”

Page28

Offers full protocol capabilities

Throughput Testing

Handovers from Cell to cell

Handovers from one standard to

another

Easy to put a mobile device into a call

and measure RX / TX and BER during

call.

Full Signaling SolutionsBase / Mobile Station Emulator

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Challenges

– Complexity of modern SDR based radio systems requires extensive amount of testing.

It is crucial to verify operation under conditions they are designed to be used.

– Field testing is generally unrepeatable and expensive - and not always possible with

early stage prototypes.

– Tracing an issue that happens occasionally can be impossible.

Why Lab based virtual field testing

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Page31

Calibrated AWGN,

Add AWGN to any signal played by arbitrary

waveform or real-time baseband generator

Generate stand alone AWGN

Set AGWN level as a C/N ratio

Set Eb/No, Ec/No, or C/N

Phase Noise Impairment,

Set start/stop (min 0 Hz/max 77 MHz) frequency

offsets of pedestal phase noise region

Set level of additive pedestal phase noise

Real-time phase noise added independent of

waveform playback

Real World Impairments

Page32

Capture and Playback Solutions

Capture RecordStream Digital

I/Q Samples

• Continuously record 100% of RF spectrum

• No need for prior knowledge of signal characteristics

• Search and ID Signals of Interest

• Manipulate recordings for margin and stress tests

• Use X-Series

signal analyzer

as RF front-end

Playback

• Keysight VSGs re-

creates RF at any

desired frequency

Capture and Playback with Exceptional Signal Fidelity

IQC5000A Series

SW Tools

Spectro-X

RF Editor

89600B

Matlab

Analyze

LAN

Control

PCIe

Offload

Stream Analog

I/Q Samples

MXA

EXA

or

or

PXA PSG

MXG

EXG

or

or

RF

Output

Up to 16 TB @ 40 MHz BW =

22 hours

Page

Streaming and Recording Reference SystemsMulti-module Multi-channel streaming architecture

Streaming & Recording

Command Line Application

Note: The analysis application can run on a different computer

than the one used for streaming & recording.

WaveCut

Data Viewer

Application*

Analysis

Application

(VSA or other)

The system includes:

Associated softwareDigitizerRecommended host computer, SSD

and controllers

HP Z440

host

computer

8 or 16 TB SSD

RAID-Controller

U5303A

Up to 4x M9203A

M9048A PCIe

Desktop Adapter

Y1202A

Up to 3 x M9703B

Agenda

– Introduction

– Challenges of Simulating Threat Environments

– Software Simulation

– Hardware Simulation

– Conclusion

Page

Conclusion

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Conclusion

– Software Simulation

• On comparing simulation environment with the real world: You will always need measurement for verification

of the virtual world. And there may be issues with simulations versus measurements. We have been

preaching for a while the so-called “ Learning Design Cycle”. Basically this means that your R&D

departments spends time in investigating what is causing the discrepancies. This way over time you can

improve your models and the results virtual environment. Eventually you will get closer to a “ first time right”

design process

– Hardware Simulation

• Can create everything from simple signals to test components, sub modules through to complex scenarios

for system testing.

• Upfront cost can be an issue – Return of Investment over time .

– Field trials

• Can be expensive, time consuming and not repeatable, but it is the ultimate system test – the key is to iron

out any issues to avoid downtime.

– Ideal scenario is to have a combination of Software / Hardware simulation tools that

not only can you use through the whole design to delivery cycle, but also works

together to improve the whole process.

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Questions?

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