electronic structure, stability & the reactivity series

7/28/2019 Electronic Structure, Stability & The Reactivity Series

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ATOMIC STRUCTURECOMBINED SCIENCE 5129

1


2/23

THE PERIODIC TABLEINTERPRETING SYMBOLS

Si28

14

Mass

Number

Proton

Number

Symbol

of the

Element

2


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THE PERIODIC TABLEUSING THE INFORMATION

Si28

14

Mass

Number

Proton

NumberNo. of Protons

No. of Protons

+

No. of Neutrons

No. of Electrons

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THE PERIODIC TABLEUSING THE INFORMATION

Si28

14

No. of Protons =

No. of Electrons =

No. of Neutrons =

14

14

28 - 14

14No. of Neutrons =

4


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Si28

14No. of Protons

No. of Protons

+

No. of Neutrons

USE FOR ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE

ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREUSING THE INFORMATION FROM PERIODIC TABLE

No. of Electrons

5


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ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREUSING THE INFORMATION FROM PERIODIC TABLE

Si28

14No. of Electrons

14p

14n

Electronic configuration (e.c)

e.c of Si = 2, 8, 4

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ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREUSING THE INFORMATION

Si28

14

14p

14n

e.c of Si = 2, 8, 4

Electronic structure tell us:

Period Number

Group Number

Stability

No. of shells present

No. of electrons in final shell

Full final shell - Stable/Unreactive

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Si28

14

14p

14n

e.c of Si = 2, 8, 4

Electronic structure tell us:

Period Number

Group Number

Stability

34

Not StableFinal (Valence) shellnot fully occupied.

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Ar

40

18

18p

22n

e.c of Ar = 2, 8, 8

Period Number

Group Number

Stability

3

8

Stable

p = 18

e = 18

n = 40 - 18 = 22

Final (Valence) shellfully occupied.

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K

39

19 e.c of K = 2, 8, 8, 1

Period Number

Group Number

Stability

4

1

Unstable

p = 19

e = 19

n = 39 - 19 = 20

Final (Valence) shellnot fully occupied.

19p

20n

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ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREFROM UNSTABLE TO STABLE

K

39

19 e.c of K = 2, 8, 8, 1

19p

20n

K

39

19 e.c of K = 2, 8, 8

++

19p

20n

+

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Period Number

Group Number

3

5

UnstableFinal (Valence) shellnot fully occupied.

Stability

P

31

15 e.c of P = 2, 8, 5

p = 15

e = 15

n = 31 - 15 = 16

15p

16n

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P

31

15 e.c of P = 2, 8, 5

15p

16n

P

31

15 e.c of P = 2, 8, 8

3-3-

15p

16n

-3

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Elements from Elements from

Group I

Group IIGroup III

Group VI

Group VII

Elements from

Group IV

Group V

Become

Positive Ions

Become

Negative Ions

Gain electrons

to be stable

Lose electrons

to be stable

IONIC BONDING

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Elements from Elements from

Group I

Group IIGroup III

Group VI

Group VII

Elements from

Group IV

Group V

COVALENT BONDING

Share electrons

to be stable

Share electrons

to be stable

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REACTIVITY SERIESCOMBINED SCIENCE 5129

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THE REACTIVITY SERIES

PotassiumSodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Lead

Hydrogen

Copper

Silver

Gold

MOST REACTIVE

LEAST REACTIVE

REACTIVITY OF METALS, CARBON & HYDROGEN

Platinum

Carbon

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PotassiumSodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Lead

Hydrogen

Copper

Silver

Gold

MOST REACTIVE

LEAST REACTIVE


Platinum

Carbon

Form very stablecompounds

Form very unstablecompounds Prefer to exist aspure elements.

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PotassiumSodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Lead

Hydrogen

Copper

Silver

Gold

MOST REACTIVE

LEAST REACTIVE


Platinum

Carbon

Any elementsabove

anotherin

the Reactivity Seriesis capable ofdisplacing it

fromits compound.

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PotassiumSodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Lead

Hydrogen

Copper

Silver

Gold

MOST REACTIVE

LEAST REACTIVE


Platinum

Carbon

Zinc Oxide Carbon

Reactivity Example Exercises

+

Copper Oxide Hydrogen+

Iron Oxide Aluminium+

Copper

SulphateIron+

Silver Nitrate Copper+

Magnesium

Sulphate

Calcium+

Lead Nitrate Iron+

Iron Sulphate Lead+

Calcium Oxide Magnesium+

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THE REACTIVITY SERIESREACTIVITY OF GROUP I METALS

THE ALKALI METALS

Lithium

Sodium

Rubidium

Francium

LEAST REACTIVE

MOST REACTIVE

Potassium

Any elementshigher up

inthe group

is capable ofdisplacing lower

elementsfrom

its compound. Caesium

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THE REACTIVITY SERIESREACTIVITY OF GROUP VII NON-METALS

THE HALOGENS

Fluorine

Chlorine

Iodine

Astatine

MOST REACTIVE

LEAST REACTIVE

Bromine

Any elementshigher up

inthe group

is capable ofdisplacing lower

elements

fromits compound.

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THE REACTIVITY SERIESREACTIVITY OF GROUP VII NON-METALS

Fluorine

Chlorine

Iodine

Astatine

MOST REACTIVE

LEAST REACTIVE

Bromine

ChlorinePotassiumBromide

Reactivity Example Exercises+

AstatinePotassium

Iodide+

BromineCalciumChloride+

FluorineSodiumBromide

+

IodinePotassiumBromide

+

Chlorine SodiumIodide

+

BromineCalciumAstatide

+

IodinePotassiumFluoride

+

electronic structure, stability & the reactivity series

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