electron configuration where do the electrons really hang out?? in those crazy orbitals!! ec = the...
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![Page 1: Electron Configuration Where do the electrons really hang out?? In those crazy orbitals!! EC = The arrangement of electrons around a nucleus](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f135503460f94c2794d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Electron Configuration
Where do the electrons really hang out??
In those crazy orbitals!!
EC = The arrangement of electrons around a nucleus.
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Let’s use the orbital shapes to place electrons.
Helium
Oxygen
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Not sure about you…
I think that is a royal pain!
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There is an easier way- Electron Configuration!
There are seven energy levels (we only worry about the
first 4).
Within the levels are subshells (s, p, d, f)
Each subshell can accommodate a certain number of orbitals
Each orbital can contain 2 electrons
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Electron Configuration
3 Rules:Aufbau PrinciplePauli Exclusion PrincipleHund’s Rule
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Molecular Orbital diagrams…
Helium
Oxygen
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Aufbau Principle
Electrons enter the lowest energy level first
Different levels within a principal energy level can overlap the energy levels of an adjacent principal level
The filling of atomic orbitals does not follow a simple pattern.
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Aufbau Principle- Here’s the pattern!!
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f
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Pauli Exclusion Principle
An atomic orbital may
describe at most 2 electrons 1 or 2 electrons may occupy
an orbital When an orbital contains
2 electrons, they must have
an opposite paired spin
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Pauli Exclusion Principle Because of their magnetic
moments, we generally represent electrons using a single barbed arrow. The tip of the arrow points to the magnetic north of the electron
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Hund’s Rule
When electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy (s, p, d, f), one electron enters each suborbital until all orbitals contain 1 electron with the same parallel spin
The second electrons then add to each orbital so that their spins are paired.
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Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
“The more precisely the position is determined, the less precisely the momentum is known in this instant, and vice versa.”
It is impossible to know the velocity and position of the electron at the same time.
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Lets do the EC for using the rules! (Show MO and EC)
Fluorine
Sodium
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Do WS Level 1 using MO diagrams
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Some things to note
Valence electrons are those in the outer s and p orbitals.
Shared and unpaired electrons can be determined by looking at the outermost, incomplete orbital.
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We can just use Aufbau– it is a little easier
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f
Oxygen
Silicon
Calcium
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Now try the Level 2 WS
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Work on your Valence electron WS for 10 minutes!
Compare answers, discuss what you may be doing wrong.
Questions for me?
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Warm Up
Can we tell which element by looking at the EC?
1s22s22p63s23p5
1s22s22p63s23p64s2 3d10
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How did you do
Count the number of electrons
1s22s22p63s23p5 = 17 electrons, Chlorine
1s22s22p63s23p64s2 3d10= 30 electrons, Zinc
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Did you write this in your notes?
Valence electrons are those in the outer s and p orbitals.
Shared and unpaired electrons can be determined by looking at the outermost, incomplete orbital.
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Molecular Orbital Diagrams- Use lines to show orbitals
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f
Li
Phosphorus
Vanadium
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Go over some on the Valence electron WS
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We can also use the periodic table to determine EC.
Try some more of the WS using the periodic table method…
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Get out a half sheet of paper…
I will project the quiz as soon as the bell rings.
Be sure you write very neat!!
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Noble Gas Configuration…
Write the noble gas in the period above the element… add the rest of the electron configuration.
Example:
Long form for Phosphorus: 1s22s22p63s23p3
Noble Gas Configuration for Phosphorus
Nobel gas above P = Ne
[Ne] 3s23p3
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You need to be careful which periodic table you use for this!!
The Web-Elements PT works well…
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Now you try!
Write the noble gas configuration for
V (atomic #23)
La (atomic #57)
Lr (atomic #103)
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Now you try!
V (atomic #23)
La (atomic #57)
Lr (atomic #103)
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Now you try!
Write the noble gas configuration for
V [Ar] 4s23d3
La [Kr]6s24f1
Lr [Xe] 7s24f146d1
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Molybdenum (42)
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s14d5
Th (90)
[Rn] 7s25f2
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Ground, Excited or Impossible?
Ground- If the electrons are in the orbitals that you would expect them to be in.
Excited- If some of the electrons are in a higher energy level.
Impossible- If the orbital doesn’t exist and/or the EC doesn’t make any sense.
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Ground, Excited or Impossible?
Chlorine- 17 electrons
1s22s22p63s23p5
1s22s22p63s13p34s24p1
1s22s22p63s13p42d2
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Ground, Excited or Impossible?
Zinc- 30 electrons
a. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d86s2
b. 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d44p7
c. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 3d10
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You try…
Write the electron configuration for carbon…
Write an electron configuration for an excited atom.
Write an impossible EC…
Have your neighbor check your work.
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Questions on the HW?
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What happens with Ions??
Ions gain or lose electrons…
What is the electron configuration for the magnesium cation?
What about S2-
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When removing electrons …
Remove the last electrons that were placed…
Unless there are electrons in the d orbital…then remove the last s electrons first.
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Isoelectronic…
Different atoms that have the same electron configuration.
Na1+
Ne
F1-
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Identify the atoms
An element that has a 2- charge that is isoelectronic with Neon.
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Identify the atoms
An atom that has lost 3 electrons and is isoelectronic with He
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Identify the atoms
An element that has a 2- charge that is isoelectronic with Neon.
An atom that has lost 3 electrons and is isoelectronic with He
An atom that has gained one electron and has the same EC as Cu.
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Test