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Electricity CHAPTER 6

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Electricity CHAPTER 6

Structure of Atoms

Atoms are made of 3 particles Protons-Positively charges

Found in Nucleus

Neutrons-No Charge

Found in Nucleus

Electrons-Negatively Charged

Found outside of Nucleus

Most of the time, Protons=Electrons Electrically Neutral

Page 3: Electricity CHAPTER 6. Structure of Atoms Atoms are made of 3 particles Protons-Positively charges Found in Nucleus Neutrons-No Charge Found

Charged Atoms When an atom gains or loses and electron, it becomes charged

Called an ion

Atoms cannot lose a proton and remain the same element

Protons are what determines what element an atom is.

1 proton=Hydrogen

3 protons=Lithium

Etc. See Periodic table

The number of protons is called the atomic number

Charges can be confusing… When an atom GAINS an electron, it becomes negatively charged

Electrons are negatively charged

If it loses an electron, it becomes positively charged

More protons than electrons=more positive than negative

Charge is measured in Coulombs (C)

Page 4: Electricity CHAPTER 6. Structure of Atoms Atoms are made of 3 particles Protons-Positively charges Found in Nucleus Neutrons-No Charge Found

Static Electricity

Accumulation of excess charge on an object Gained excess electrons

Shoes on carpet, hair on balloon, cloths in dryer

Because the object is negatively charged, it is attracted to objects with a positive charge Opposite charges attract

Page 5: Electricity CHAPTER 6. Structure of Atoms Atoms are made of 3 particles Protons-Positively charges Found in Nucleus Neutrons-No Charge Found

Law of Conservation of Charge

Yep, another one…

Charge can be transferred, but it cannot be created or destroyed

Typically, it is electrons transferred, not protons

Page 6: Electricity CHAPTER 6. Structure of Atoms Atoms are made of 3 particles Protons-Positively charges Found in Nucleus Neutrons-No Charge Found

Charges Exert Forces

Unlike charges attract, like charges repel The force depends on the distance and charge

Called Coulomb’s Law

Page 7: Electricity CHAPTER 6. Structure of Atoms Atoms are made of 3 particles Protons-Positively charges Found in Nucleus Neutrons-No Charge Found

Charges also create a field

Electric Field-area around charged particles that create a force Indicated by arrows

Towards negative

Away from Positive

Page 8: Electricity CHAPTER 6. Structure of Atoms Atoms are made of 3 particles Protons-Positively charges Found in Nucleus Neutrons-No Charge Found

Strength of Electric Force

Electric force is stronger than gravitational force Why don’t we feel it?

Most objects are electrically neutral

Page 9: Electricity CHAPTER 6. Structure of Atoms Atoms are made of 3 particles Protons-Positively charges Found in Nucleus Neutrons-No Charge Found

Conductors and Insulators

Conductor-allows electrons to easily pass Best conductors are metal

Insulator-does not allow electrons to easily pass through Plastics are great insulators

Page 10: Electricity CHAPTER 6. Structure of Atoms Atoms are made of 3 particles Protons-Positively charges Found in Nucleus Neutrons-No Charge Found

Charging

Charging by contact

Charged by touching or rubbing

Charging by Induction

Charged by nearby charged object

Does not need to touch object

Page 11: Electricity CHAPTER 6. Structure of Atoms Atoms are made of 3 particles Protons-Positively charges Found in Nucleus Neutrons-No Charge Found

Lightning

Storm clouds are arranged with negative charge on bottom Becomes more negative than objects on Earth’s surface

Static discharges from cloud to surface

http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys03/alightnin/default.htm

Page 12: Electricity CHAPTER 6. Structure of Atoms Atoms are made of 3 particles Protons-Positively charges Found in Nucleus Neutrons-No Charge Found

Grounding

Connecting an object to Earth with a conductor Reroutes lightning and electricity

Safety measure

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