electricity access in pakistan - world...

ELECTRICITY ACCESS IN PAKISTAN Methodology Report

March 2016

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This report was prepared by Enclude in collaboration with Foresight Research, under contract to The World Bank. It is one of several inputs into the activity Strategy to Scale-Up Renewable Energy in Pakistan [P146251], which was implemented over the period January 2015 to May 2016. The activity was funded and supported by the Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program (ASTAE), a multi-donor trust fund administered by The World Bank, and was led by Oliver Knight (Senior Energy Specialist) and Anjum Ahmad (Senior Energy Specialist). This report provides a description of the methodology and approach deployed by the consultants to assess electricity access in Pakistan, focusing on the surveys that were undertaken. It accompanies a separate slide deck that summarizes the results obtained. The survey data can be downloaded from The World Bank s Energy & Extractives Open Data Platform.

Copyright © 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK

Washington DC 20433

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This work is a product of the consultants listed, and not of World Bank staff. The findings, interpretations, and

conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of

Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.

The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work and accept no responsibility

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addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433,

USA; fax: +1-202-522-2625; e-mail: [email protected]. Furthermore, the ASTAE Program Manager

would appreciate receiving a copy of the publication that uses this publication for its source sent in care of the

address above, or to [email protected].

http://encludesolutions.com/

http://foresight.com.pk/

https://databox.worldbank.org/

https://databox.worldbank.org/

http://www.worldbank.org/

Electricity Access in Pakistan Methodology Report

Submitted to: The World Bank 17th March 2016

Hassam Hussain

Consultant, Sustainable Business Practices www.encludesolutions.com | [email protected]

http://www.encludesolutions.com/

mailto:[email protected]

Contents

I. Purpose of the Document & Background .................................................................................... 3

II. Context and Understanding ........................................................................................................ 4

III. Study Approach Employed ......................................................................................................... 5

IV. Understanding the Sample ......................................................................................................... 6

V. Survey & Themes ..................................................................................................................... 10

VI. Survey Delivery Medium .......................................................................................................... 11

VII. Quality Control & Data ............................................................................................................. 14

VIII. Digital Hubs – An Asset for Future Studies ................................................................................ 18

IX. Definitions of Key Terms in Survey ........................................................................................... 20

X. Sample Visualization on ESMAP ............................................................................................... 22

XI. Questionnaires Used ................................................................................................................ 27

I. Purpose of the Document & Background

Enclude in collaboration with Foresight Research carried out an approximately 8,500 strong household survey to measure the energy access rates, consumption patterns and economic & psychographic drivers to ‘energy relevant’ behaviours. As highlighted in the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS), the energy sector is one of three priorities for the WB’s engagement in Pakistan and this activity is a World Bank’s (WB) initiative to better understand the opportunities, challenges and policy barriers relating to the scale-up of renewable energy in Pakistan, excluding large hydropower (which is already being extensively explored). The activity was planned to explore possible avenues for the WB in supporting government efforts in this regard, including at the federal and/or provincial levels and has been funded by the Asia Sustainable & Alternative Energy Program (ASTAE), a multi-donor trust fund administered by the WB. This activity was expected to support the ongoing International Finance Corporation (IFC) Lighting Pakistan program which works to promote the development of a sustainable, clean and affordable commercial market for modern solar lighting products targeting households, businesses and micro-enterprises that are underserved by the grid. It was also expected to enhance the scope for private sector delivery for off-grid renewable energy and to support the public sector interventions through enhancing the understanding of issues around access, willingness to pay and other key demand drivers for consumers across Pakistan. The purpose of this document is to provide an understanding of the methodology and approach used for this survey and is expected to be used as an addendum to the accompanying document titled ‘Electricity Access in Pakistan’ and submitted on 27th January 2016.

Enclude 2016 Methodology Report: Access to Energy Survey - Pakistan 4

II. Context and Understanding

The objective of the research was to improve our understanding of the ‘energy poverty’ in Pakistan & gain ‘actionable’ insights into needs & behavioral drivers for energy consumption. The specific objectives of the research:

To carry out a country-wide survey on electricity access primarily utilizing remote sampling techniques to deliver a snapshot of electricity access in Pakistan that covers the level of electricity access by household (availability and use), awareness of available solutions, and willingness to pay, with sufficient granularity to make statistically relevant comparisons

To inform ongoing policy discussions, programs, and investments aimed at increasing access to electricity in Pakistan, by providing reliable baseline data to public and private sector stakeholders; Survey Delivery Medium Although the initial intention was to use SMS (short messaging service) and telephonic interviews as the primary survey delivery vehicles – it was suggested (for reasons discussed in the subsequent sections) that face to face Computer Aided Personal Interviewing (CAPI) surveys be used as a primary delivery medium.


III. Study Approach Employed

Enclude in consultation with the WB team went about addressing the core tasks of the assessment, as defined in the ToR using the following methodology. The key learning and outputs from each phase were used to inform the methodology and the set of activities in the subsequent phases and drove our discussions with the client. We focused the research on three distinct phases: Phase 1: Desk / secondary research, including review of existing knowledge-bases; Phase 2: Primary research, including household survey preparation and interviews/field visits; Phase 3: Final reporting, including data analysis and reporting. Figure 1 Methodology structure

Desk Research: Review of Existing Knowledge-bases The project team started the research phase of the assignment by reviewing the existing access to energy/electricity studies and knowledge-bases, to holistically understand the gaps in information for the energy sector in Pakistan in general and access to electricity specifically as they relate to demand-side access issues. The project team employed reports and studies provided by WB at the project inception and under ‘the multi-tier framework for energy access’ leverage our information networks to identify priority areas that were deemed critical for this assessment. This was followed by a consultation with the WB to finalize the research objectives and subsequently translated into survey questions. Key Output: Final Translated Survey, Sampling Approach & Methodology

Primary Research: Household Survey

The desk research and our discussions with WB drove the research priorities and resulted in the the final survey questionnaires that was tested and fielded. The data was cleaned, quality control was employed and then uploaded to the World Bank’s open data platform. The project team also prepared and delivered key insights as project-end documentation for consumption by the client. Key Outputs: Data Set uploaded on the WB open data platform, Final Report


IV. Understanding the Sample

Given one of the primary objectives of the research was to improve

our understanding of the communities and regions that are

disproportionately ‘energy poor’ – we had to employ a sampling

methodology to mitigate the risk of over-representation of the

‘energy affluent’ and to actively look at ‘networks’ allowing access

to remote rural communities.

We used a methodology of random stratified sampling to come to the sample of grid connected and non-grid connected in Pakistan to complement our proposed universe (as requested by the WB team). For the purpose of sampling, we shall divide our sample into the following 3 segments based on their geographical location:

Urban Areas: These will consist of top metro towns typically with populations greater than 100,000; Peri-Urban Areas: These will consist of settlements and towns peripheral to urban areas and/or

large towns with populations greater than 10,000 but less than 100,000; Rural Areas: These will consist of small villages typically with populations less than 10,000

As a result of this approach the eventual sample (and data) has two characteristics, crucial to understand

before drawing insights from the data:

it adequately addresses the objective of understanding the ‘energy poor’

it over-represents the rural and peri-urban communities in Pakistan (and may not be representative of the underlying Pakistan population distribution)

Dimensions Observations

Data Integrity, Uniqueness &

Research Quality

The research design, sampling approach and institution of quality control checks

should give a very high level of confidence on the data quality.

External Validity The sample over-represents the rural and peri-urban communities (and does not

conform to the population distribution across provinces) in a bid to better

understand the ‘energy poor’. Caution is advised in generalizing the results to

other situations, regions and to other people.

The Two Samples: Household Panel & PPAF Clusters

Two sampling ‘universes’ were used to collect data on energy access and consumers’ perception regarding

the sources & alternate sources of electricity.

1. Household Panel (Foresight) – Pakistan’s largest household panel from all over the country

2. Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) Economic Clusters – 80 rural communities being services

through the PPAF ‘Digital Hubs’ deemed to be ‘remote’ and across the 4 targeted provinces

Category Sample Size

Household Panel 2,881

PPAF Clusters 5,580

Total 8,461


Figure 2 household panel recruitment process

Figure 3 distribution of the household panel sample universe

Understanding the Foresight Household Panel ‘Universe’

The proposed utilization of our household panel for this assessment was to ensure that not only the sample being utilized is from across all Pakistan but also comprises of households from across the three ‘geographical and urban’ categories defined (rural, peri-urban and urban). The household panel was compensated in line with industry standards to incentivize our respondents from our household panel. The ‘over-all’ household panel recruitment is meticulously planned as is detailed in the following figure. A sub-set of this panel was used in-line with the expectation of the client. The following table details the distribution of panel ‘universe’ across this geographic/urbanization categories (Indicative aggregations). The panel also does not cover FANA, FATA, Tribal Areas and Military Cantonment areas.


Table 1 distribution of the household panel sample universe

Provincial Region

Peri Urban

Rural

Urban

Grand Total

BALUCHISTAN 269 176 155 600 NWFP (KPK) 537 294 230 1,061 PUNJAB 1,029 846 2,368 4,243 SIND 269 329 998 1,596 Grand Total 2,104 1,645 3,751 7,500

Table 2 distribution and sample size

Region SEC A SEC B SEC C SEC D SEC E Total

BALUCHISTAN 148 151 154 128 19 600 NWFP (KPK) 253 272 278 170 88 1,061 PUNJAB 1,126 1,093 1,143 592 289 4,243 SIND 466 382 414 213 121 1,596 Grand Total 1,993 1,898 1,989 1,103 517 7,500

The sample analysis from the study is incorporated in the analysis document accompanying this ‘methodology report’.

Understanding the PPAF Cluster ‘Universe’

The proposed utilization of ‘additional’ sampling universes was two-fold i) to improve representation of the ‘energy poor’ and ii) to mitigate the risk of a crippling sampling bias.

Enclude, through their ongoing collaboration with the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) was able to secure access to 80 rural economic clusters being serviced through an existing PPAF intervention titled ‘Digital Hubs’. The intention was to improving the coverage & depth of our sample for this study.

The 80 clusters available through PPAF significantly improved our coverage given their focus on ‘underserved’ communities. The recently setup digital hubs are being supported by the PPAF and their staff were trained by the project team that included seasoned researchers & trainers – allowing us to significantly subsidize the cost of gathering responses from these clusters.

The following table summarizes the geographical distribution of the 80 clusters and UCs across the provinces. A comprehensive list is included towards the end of this section.

Region Number of Districts Number of UCs

BALUCHISTAN 10 20

NWFP (KPK) 4 10 PUNJAB 6 21 SIND 6 29 Grand Total 26 80

The respondents were selected from the communities in the vicinity of the PPAF Digital Hubs and our cost-effective access to these clusters allowed us to significantly increase our sample from the initial target.


The benefits of using PPAF clusters for face-to-face interviews included:

significant improvement in geographical and ‘non-urban’ coverage of the survey

increase in suggested sample size

increased representation of ‘off-grid’ households

ability to quickly and cost-effectively collect data without compromising on the quality of information received

inability to geo-tag can be offset by getting physical addresses (where possible)

addresses issues emanating from language diversity


V. Survey & Themes

The Three Themes: In addition to demographic and certain psychographic information that will be used for

segmentation and profiling of the Pakistani consumers, the survey focused on 3 types of questions to be asked; access to energy, awareness of alternative solutions, willingness to pay. As per the ToR and additional information provided by the WB team, the focus of this research was exclusively on access to electricity and does not include data on household cooking and space heating. The survey builds on the previous approaches employed by the WB/ IFC team and uses the 5 tiers across 8 attributes approach proposed by WorldBank/ ESMAP to inform the final set of questions. Figure 4 Simplified multi-tier matrix of energy access (Source: WorldBank/ ESMAP)

The project team focused on the following three thematic areas as covered by the survey. 1) Access to electricity (as informed from the attributes of electricity supply listed above): To determine the level of access to electricity of households in Pakistan, we aim to get an understanding of the type of electricity sources currently used (grid and off-grid), for which activities (studying, cooking etc), hours of usage per day, the satisfaction levels (with regards to usage, reliability, availability) and the expenditures (upfront and recurrent) and costs of different electricity solutions. 2) Awareness on alternative solutions: To determine the awareness of households on the available alternative electricity solutions in their area/region we will focus on questions including: for instance on solar products ‘Do you know what solar is?’, ‘If yes, do you know how it works?’, ‘Do any of your neighbours, friends or relatives have a solar product?’, ‘Do you know where to buy solar?’, ‘If you know what solar is, which particular type of product would you be interested in purchasing?’, and ‘Do you know how much an average solar product costs’. These questions were tailored to the specific context and type of electricity products available on the market in Pakistan. 3) Willingness to pay (WTP): Various methods have been developed to measure consumer WTP. Methods include measuring the actual WTP by using a revealed preference method (for example hedonic pricing) or measure hypothetical WTP by using a stated preference approach. In practice, selecting a feasible method for measuring WTP is often restricted, for example, by time or monetary constraints.


VI. Survey Delivery Medium

Challenges with SMS & Telephonic Survey Techniques in Pakistan

Although the project initially envisioned using various remote sampling techniques that have been

successful in various research and study initiatives in different contexts – in this context, however, local and

project context necessitated a more targeted approach to sampling and survey delivery.

The teledensity1 and literacy2 indicators need to be considered with the following.

Traditionally, SMS surveys are functional for single- question surveys and with relatively straightforward questions. It must be noted that the list of questions was (a) very long, (b) contains technically complex questions, while (c) addresses respondents with often insufficient literacy/education levels. As a result, when using SMS surveys we see a range of challenges: 1) Human Behavior & Respondent-specific Challenges;

Low literacy: respondents may a) be able to read but not respond or b).not be able to read or respond

Language barrier: The ToR suggests multi-lingual delivery but in practice matching the language to the respondent without prior information is virtually impossible

High number of prepaid users: Respondents may be unable to respond due to low ‘ balance or

credit’ Complexity of questions, difficulties to understand the questions High incidence of ‘spam marketing’ messages, which could mean many respondents ignore the

survey 2) Hardware Challenges

Urdu and local language fonts not supported on all mobile platforms: impossible/ cost prohibitive to test for compliance against all the phones available in the market

SMS inbox limitations in java-based mobile phones: people might not be able to receive SMS once their inbox gets full. Network related issues: these may prevent messages from being delivered or being

delivered in the right order (although this can be corrected through ‘open session’ SMS based applications)

1 Pakistan Telecommunication Authority, Industry Report (2015)

2 World Bank Indicators for Literacy (2011)

• High mobile tele density (approximately 75%) but low adult literacy levels (55%). These numbers will be drastically lower for people knowing and using SMS services;

• High ownership of low tech mobile phones (high usage of java based ‘flip phones’);

• Increasing urbanization resulting in an ‘urban’ clustering that results in on-grid networking effects mentioned in the ToR.

Some key insights into the Pakistani respondents


3) Regulatory Challenges

Bulk messaging is blocked by PTA (Pakistan Telecommunication Authority) and may hinder the ability of a research firm to carry out the research. This may be overcome by partnering with a telecom operator but is usually cost prohibitive and slow.

GPS coordinates cannot be obtained through SMS without the involvement of a telecom operator and even then it is heavily regulated, which would mean the locations of respondents are unknown

4) Mobile Panel Challenges

Due to recent regulatory requirement, SIM/Mobile connection verifications have taken place, which has resulted in the deactivation of almost 35% of existing connections. Thus 35% of commercial or recruited lists of mobile numbers may be inactive or obsolete.

5) Data Quality

Much of the content cannot be carried across to the respondents by SMS, and we fear for data quality as the validity of the answers cannot be tested or assured.

Understanding the CAPI – An Alternative

Computer aided personal interviewing (CAPI) is a technique that involves the usage of ‘computers and/ or other technological aids’ to conduct personal interviews. CAPI, as an extension of personal interviewing techniques, builds on the strengths of traditional personal interviewing by enhanced engagement of the respondent, mitigating unplanned information collection errors (e.g. due to language barriers, varying respondent perceptions of asked questions etc.), improved response rates, ability to cater to complex topics and/or question types among several others. The introduction of technology (in our case android tablets & smart phones) drastically increases the quality of data being gathered and has been widely researched academically3. The following sections highlight some of these advantages that we expect to leverage for this project. Often the term CAPI is erroneously used as an umbrella-term to describe other ‘technology enabled’ research techniques particularly for computer aided telephonic interviews (CATI) and computer aided self- interviews (CASI). It must be noted that interviewing in person is a crucial element of CAPI – and this is the methodology that was utilized for this project.

3 Mellenbergh & Ader: Advising on Research Methods – A consultant’s companion


Table 3 Comparison of Remote Surveying Techniques

Issue SMS surveys Telephone surveys Face-to-face, CAPI surveys Response rate Traditionally very low response

rates (below 5%) Modest response rates (highly dependent on recruitment methods)

face-to-face interviews by trained enumerators

Geospatial information

Not possible to control, or determine afterwards

Difficult to control or determine afterwards

Segmentation beforehand across regions, types of areas (urban, peri-urban, rural)

Quality of responses

Only short simplified questions, no control over validity unreliable data Maximum suggested number of questions upto 5.

Complex content can be Complex content can be

surveyed, but limited to surveyed (direct interviews),

about 10 questions. Limited reliability can be tested

control over validity

Cost & Data Low superficial quality data Some quality and in-depth High in-depth quality of data Quality data Access to None to very low Medium High Metadata Dependent on recruitment Dependent on recruitment Mitigating Risks Carefully recruit & incentivize Carefully recruit & incentivize Piloting & QA

(leverage household panel) (leverage household panel) Indepth training of surveyors

Limit number and complexity of Limit number and complexity questions of questions Piloting & QA Piloting & QA

Given the above, it was recommend that the household panel & PPAF clusters be interviewed using the CAPI technique to mitigate the risks inherently associated with the techniques and to provide insightful ‘Metadata’ that will not be available otherwise and the additional ‘coverage’ of the 80 clusters be used to improve the representativeness and depth of this research. CAPI (computer assisted personal interviews), android smartphones with inbuilt GPS were used. Enumerator performance will be monitored online, and where needed enumerators were corrected and coached during survey implementation. These interviews will also be conducted face to face using android devices and laptops. This methodology ensures a high quality output that will leverage the advantages of using both a) face-to-face interviewing technique and b) using Computer Aided Personal Interviewing (CAPI) methodology. The benefits of such an approach for this survey included: ability to utilize more complex question types and the ability to conduct longer surveys; built-in logical checks in the questionnaire; automatic logging of survey details (duration, location, date & time etc); very accurate and reliable GPS mapping and Geo-tagging; improved response rates and quality of results; addresses issues emanating from language diversity.


• Mobile helpline and video-conferencing (Skype) helpline setup with experienced support staff

• Active usage by interviewers for technical & other 'survey' support

• Usage of personal details provided in the interviewer profile to engage interviewers & correct errors

Dedicated Helpline and Technical Support

VII. Quality Control & Data

The interviewers were trained on the questionnaire and tested to be able to best perform their services. These interviewers were locals working with Foresight and in the case of PPAF as staff in the Digital Hubs and will therefore be proficient in the local and regional languages. The staff was trained and adequately tested before conducting interviews. Operational Quality Control-Pre Fieldwork

Setting up the team qualified to conduct the interviews was an important task. PPAF provided its team to

conduct interviews across the country. Full day training sessions were organized for the interviewers in

Peshawar, Multan & Karachi by experienced trainers and skilled interviewers.

These training-workshops were aimed at minimizing interviewer bias & to ensure that all interviews were

conducted in a similar fashion. Additionally, they intend to ensure that interviewers completely understand

the questionnaire.

The interviewers were thoroughly briefed in all areas including how the respondents were selected; under

what circumstances and how a substitution

can be made; the use of the questionnaire;

routing Instructions in it; and how the

questionnaires were filled out. The

enumerators were also briefed on selecting

alternate sampling points; if due to

unforeseen circumstances interviews at a

selected sampling point cannot be conducted they can choose a matching sampling point.

Briefings in all the cities lasted the whole day. In the first half, two tasks were completed: installation of

software on interviewers’ mobile/tablet/laptops, secondly interviewers were briefed on the questionnaire,

followed by mock interviews among themselves. After the mock interviews, interviewers were debriefed

given further explanation in the group form.


Training also discussed the project field-execution. It was

discussed that interviews should be spread over the city &

not skewed to some parts of the city. This was ensured by

dividing the city into 5 sectors (Center, North, East, West

and South) of approximately equivalent surface area. In

each sector, certain number of “neighborhoods” was

determined & was treated as a statistical unit in which

the interviews were conducted. Each neighborhood was a

circle of 250m radius or half KM diameter circle, as

shown.

It was ensured that maximum of 20 interviews per location were conducted. Areas were selected keeping

in mind that they widely cover the city.

One interviewer has to survey maximum of 120 interviews (making 6 locations, if sample of 20 was covered

for each location)

Household selection was done on the basis of random walk method keeping right hand rule (RHR) in

consideration. Households are defined by all those who satisfy the two following conditions: (1) share the

same meals, (2) share the same laundry.

After one successful interview, 2nd house was skipped and 3rd was contacted for the other interview. In case

of an unsuccessful interview, next house was contacted. This approach was not used for villages where the

houses were not present in an organized structure. In that case random sampling was used.

In short, following objectives were achieved via these workshops:

• Install the application on PPAF employees laptops, mobile or tablets

• Train the employees on general interviewing rules/ guidelines

• Train the employees on the questionnaire

• Train the employees on conducting interview using the application

After finalizing the questionnaire, it was piloted in both Karachi & Lahore. Two interviewers each in Karachi

& Lahore were briefed on the questionnaire during a face to face training session. The training session

involved following steps:

1. Interviewers were first asked to read the questionnaire & fill it themselves.

2. Interviewers were then briefed on the questionnaire & their filled questionnaires were checked &

feedback was given.

3. Finally, interviewers interviewed the trainer on a different copy of the questionnaire so that their

understanding & grip on the questionnaire could be assessed, checked/ monitored.

4. Once it was found to be satisfactory, interviewers were then allowed to proceed to do pilot

interviews with the real respondents.


Each interviewer conducted 1 interview. So, a total of 4 pilot interviews were conducted. Feedback and

general views gathered through the pilot study were incorporated and small changes in the questionnaire

were made.

To improve the data collection quality, the questionnaire was scripted for 3 devices:

• Android application to be used in smart phones & tablets

• Offline data punching application to be used in Laptop


Operation Quality Control-Post Field Work

As lack of quality information on energy access is a major current issue we put great emphasis on ensuring

the quality of data gathered wherever possible. Foresight Research has a separate and independent team

of quality assurance. Foresight Research also uses UTrack, a tracking system from Ufone, to ensure the

authenticity of its interviews. Interviewers are given the Ufone SIMS, and their location/ time is tracked

while they are conducting the interviews.

A combination of accompanied interviewing (for face-to-face interviews), spot checking and back checking

also helped in ensuring the data quality. The most important task after fieldwork completion was to ensure

the quality on interviews & verify its authenticity. The quality control was done by checking & verifying the

GPS coordinates recorded at the time of interview. This was an excellent source of ensuring field work

quality: we used these co-ordinates to plot them on Google Maps to verify if the interview was actually

conducted in the specified area. ‘Time start’ & ‘time end’ were automatically recorded. This also provides a

powerful control on the quality of the field work, as for each interview we had:

I. Interview length

II. Gap between 2 successive interviews

It was assured that all interviews were done on the same day within appropriate time or at the appropriate

time of the day. Once the data received from the field, they were checked and the responses of open-

ended questions were coded with the help of a code list.

After the coding of open-ended responses, data was uploaded into computers. Foresight used MS Excel to

implement validity checks and skipping rules etc. After completion of data uploading, all data is cleaned by

using a data-cleaning program which was customized for this particular project according to the

survey/questionnaire need. Data is thoroughly checked for any omissions, displacements and other errors

resulting in inconsistencies with the coding scheme.


•Understanding the Digital Hubs: Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) set up 80 digital hubs (DH) under their LEED programme in rural communities of Pakistan to pilot an innovative model of social enterprises that seeks to boost economic activity through the provision on ICT services to rural communities.

•Enclude in partnership with PPAF was able to train educated DH staff members to effectively deliver on this project.

Dedicated Helpline and Technical Support

VIII. Digital Hubs – An Asset for Future Studies

This study provided an opportunity to explore cost-effective solutions to gather high quality data through

both using digital and remote sampling methodologies and survey mediums and equally importantly utilize

networks (mostly informal). This promised to assist with

supplementing respondent recruitment by tapping

into communities that were being excluded

through increased reliance on traditional research

approaches and research agencies. This approach

was of special interest in a study that required

minimization of a selection bias introduced through

‘convenience’ and ‘easy accessibility’ of

respondents.

After looking into various options (and in consonance with the survey requirements), we found in the

digital hubs and the PPAF team, able and willing partners to conduct this study.

Details

Digital Hubs Engaged All 80 existing digital hubs were expected to take part. Fielding of the survey is

planned as a ‘compensated’ activity.

Geographical Distribution of

DH

Punjab – 21 Baluchistan – 10

KPK – 20 Sindh – 29

Sample Total targeted sample: 8,000 Sample per DH: Between 100 to 125

Actual Sample: 5,581

One of the key pre-requisites for such collaboration was the ability to effectively deliver surveys that would

follow our internal procedures and quality control checks in order to ensure quality output within the

timelines and guidelines set for the survey delivery staff.

The DH staff, for this exercise needed to be trained in research and delivery methods and needed to be

familiarized with the digital survey mediums (particularly CAPI). As professionals recruited to run ICT

enabled digital hubs, they were evaluated to be a good fit given their ‘tech savvy’ approach towards

working and their academic backgrounds.

It was required that they be properly equipped for the survey activity through a set of targeted trainings

that would address the gaps identified in their capability as effective surveyors. For this purpose, Enclude

and their partner firm, Foresight Research, in collaboration with PPAF staff delivered four regional trainings

to address the themes summarized in the table below. Additionally, both PPAF and Enclude plan on

engaging these newly trained resources through refresher trainings and follow up assignments to

consolidate their capabilities and expertise on digital surveying techniques.

Thematic Area Training Outcomes


Basic Research Concepts The trainees imparted with research concepts enabling them in understanding and

fielding basic surveys with the objective of ensuring a good quality research output

Survey Techniques & Best

Practices

The trainees able to understand survey flows, coding, special instructions and

appreciate various dimensions of a ‘well conducted survey’

ICT & primary research Comfort with delivering surveys (and uploading results) through specific digital

mediums and through the resources available at the Digital Hubs.

Fielding a Survey – An

Exercise

The trainees were familiarized with various aspects of interviewing and engaging

interviewees – allowing them to effectively field surveys.

Quality Assurance Familiarized with various aspects that constitute a ‘high quality research’ and what

ensures ‘data integrity’. Able to digitally transmit data to the ‘client’ as well.

The trainings were imparted to the staff of all the 80 digital hubs and can now be expected to deliver on

similar assignments going forward.

Both Enclude and PPAF feel that the potential of the DH lies not only in data gathering but also acting as a

liason and a ‘customer touch point’ within these rural communities for both the donor and private sector

organizations. It is expected and recommended that the joint effort that went into ‘enabling’ this new

resource will be used to its fullest potential by organizations seeking to better understand various

economic clusters, particularly remote rural communities for their ongoing and prospective interventions.


IX. Definitions of Key Terms in Survey

Terminologies Definition

Demographics

Urban, Peri-Urban, Rural Based on population of the city

SEC – A Based on income & education level

Households having income level greater than Rs. 100K per month

SEC – B Based on income & education level

Households having income level between Rs. 50K – Rs. 100K

SEC – C Based on income & education level

Households having Income level between Rs. 25K – Rs. 50K

SEC – D Based on income & education level

Households having income level of between Rs. 15K - Rs. 25K

SEC – E Based on income & education level

Households having income level of less than Rs. 15K

Economic Activity

Agriculture Farming Households who have primary source of income through farming

activities

Livestock Breeding Households who breed animals and sell them for source of income

Food Shop / Hotel / General

Store

Household who have small shops through which they conduct a certain

business for their source of income.

Energy

National grid The network of high-voltage power lines between major power stations.

Local mini-grid A mini grid, also sometimes referred to as a "micro grid or isolated grid",

can be defined as a set of electricity generators and possibly energy

storage systems interconnected to a distribution network that supplies

electricity to a localized group of customers

Generator A dynamo or similar machine for converting mechanical energy into

electricity.

Solar energy The energy the Earth receives from the sun. The term solar energy often

refers to processes that use this energy to generate heat or electricity for

human use.

Solar power products Products powered by sunlight, either directly or through electricity generated by solar panels.

Non-rechargeable batteries Non-rechargeable (Primary) batteries are used once, then discarded.

Rechargeable batteries A rechargeable battery, storage battery, secondary cell, or accumulator is

a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load,

and recharged many times, while a non-rechargeable or primary battery

is supplied fully charged, and discarded once discharged

Solar home systems House designed to absorb and store solar heat.

Solar lanterns Lantern that provides light at night and recharges using the sun's energy.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel


Modern solar lamps rely on leds, and are popular in developing countries

where access to the energy grid can be hard

Diesel generator

A diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electric

generator (often an alternator) to generate electrical energy. This is a

specific case of engine-generator

Biogas Any gas fuel derived from the decay of organic matter, as the mixture of

methane and carbon dioxide produced by the bacterial decomposition of

sewage, manure, garbage, or plant crops.

LPG Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), used as

fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles

Kerosene A light fuel oil obtained by distilling petroleum, used especially in jet

engines and domestic heating boilers; paraffin oil

Charcoal

A porous black solid, consisting of an amorphous form of carbon,

obtained as a residue when wood, bone, or other organic matter is

heated in the absence of air

Appliances

Non energy saver light bulb

(Incandescent)

A small light bulb usually comes in 60W/100W/120W. This is usually not

energy efficient.

tube light (Fluorescent) A normal tube light not energy efficient

Lighting by home battery / automotive battery

A UPS system installed in the households powered by a car battery.

Solar powered light source A small solar system usually powers a couple of fans and lights in a

household


X. Sample Visualization on ESMAP

Sample Distribution - Geographical


Cities - Geographical


Spending Patterns across Districts


Monthly Electricity Spend across Districts


XI. Questionnaires Used

The final version of the fielded questionnaires in English & Urdu

of 11

Project Energy

FR – XX – XX – XXX 2015

Respondent name Cell/ Tel #

Date of interview Interviewer name

Complete address Province

Tehsil District

Interview Time Start Interview Time Start

"Good morning! My name is________________. I am here to collect data for a research study which we are conducting on behalf of Enclude. Enclude & PPAF want to research community needs. If you agree to participate in the interview, I will ask you some questions on your challenges and solutions related to economic participation and household needs. Hopefully your answers and those of many others will help serving your needs more appropriately in the future. This survey will take no longer than 20 minutes, usually shorter.”

“The identifiable information on your household collected during this survey, including its location, will remain confidential and is going to be used exclusively for the purposes of assessing the needs of your community. You do not need to provide any names. Thank you for participating in the survey?”

Household Profile

S1 Interviewer, please note the gender of the respondent.

(Single code)

Male 1 Mainly it will be a Female respondent Female 2

S2 What is your household size? (SA)

(Single code)

1 - 3 1

4 - 6 2

7 - 9 3

More than 9 4

S3 May I know in which housing type you are living?

(Single code)

Hut 1

Apartment 2

One-story 3

Two- stories 4

Other (Specify) 5

S4 How many rooms does the house have? (SA)

(Single code)

Hall Type/ 1 1 2 2

3 3

4 4

5 or more 5

of 11

S5 Is your house rented or owned? (SA)

Rented 1

Owned 2

S6 What is the household composition?(SA)

Husband, wife, children without extended family 1 Husband, wife, children with extended family 2

Single parent household without extended family 3

Single parent household with extended family 4

Young couple without children 5 Elderly couple without children living with them 6 Without Family (Alone) 7 Without Family (with unrelated individuals) 8 Other (specify) 9

Growth Plan

Q1 Do you expect the number of household members living in your home to change in the next 1-2 years?

(Single code)

Increase 1

Same 2

Decrease 3

Q2 Are you planning to increase the size of your home by adding rooms or spaces that will need lighting in the next 1-2 years?

(Single code)

Yes 1

No 2

I don’t know 3

I don’t want to say 4

Q3 Do you or any member of your household have any plans to start a business in the next 1-2 years? (SA)

(Single code)

Yes 1

No 2

I don’t know 3


Q4 Are you currently planning to purchase more appl iances for your home? (SA)

(Single code)

Yes 1

No 2

I don’t know 3


of 11

Economic Situation-General

ES1 What sources of electricity are you aware of? (multiple answers)

National grid 1

Local mini-grid1 2

Generator 3

Solar energy 4

Rechargeable batteries 5

Non-rechargeable batteries 6

Other (specify) 7

ES2 Is your household connected to the National or Local Mini-Grid?

(Single code)

Yes 1

No 2

ES3 What is the primary source of electricity used in the household? (SA)

National grid 1

Local mini-grid1 2

Generator 3

Solar energy 4


Non-rechargeable batteries 6 Do not have access to electricity 7

Other (specify) 8

ES4 For how many years has this been your primary source of electricity?

Years Months

ES5 Does your household have a meter for the primary source of electricity?

(Single code)

Yes 1

No 2

ES6 In the last 12 months, how much did you spend on your primary source of electricity per month on average?

Source Amount

Ask only if Code 2 is mentioned in ES2

ES7 Why is your household not connected to the grid?

Grid is too far from household 1

Initial cost for connection is too expensive 2

Monthly fee is too expensive 3

Satisfied with current energy system 4

Renting, Landlord decision 5

Other, specify 6

of 11


ES8 How far is your house from the nearest household connected to the grid?

Km

ES9 Which of these devices do you have in your household?

Non energy saver light bulb (Incandescent) 1

tube light (Fluorescent) 2

Light bulb – energy saver 3

Fan 4

Radio 5

Phone charger 6

Black and white TV 7

Color TV 8

Computer 9

Printer 10

Electric food processor 11

Electric cooking system 12

Microwave oven 13

Electric toaster 14

Air conditioner 15

Electric Heater 16

of 11

ES10 How many of these devices are regularly USED with the primary source of electricity?

Non energy saver light bulb (Incandescent) 1

tube light (Fluorescent) 2

Light bulb – energy saver 3

Fan 4

Radio 5

Phone charger 6

Black and white TV 7

Color TV 8

Computer 9

Printer 10

Electric food processor 11

Electric cooking system 12

Microwave oven 13

Electric toaster 14

Air conditioner 15

Electric Heater 16

ES11 What are the most important constraints with the primary source of electricity?

(Read out – multiple answers)

Short duration of electricity supply 1

Low voltage 2

Unpredictable interruptions 3

Too expensive 4

Other Please Specify 5


ES12 How many hours each day do you get access to electricity during the month of low electricity supply?

Hours

ES13a In the last 1 month, has the household used any of these sources for lighting? (Multiple Answers)

Candles 1

Light powered by generator 2

Flashlight / torch (dry batteries) 3

Flashlight / torch (rechargeable) 4

Lighting by home battery / automotive battery 5

Fire fuelled by firewood 6

Fire fuelled by charcoal 7

Kerosene lamp 8

Solar powered light source 9

electricity powered lighting (non-solar powered) 10

Other (Specify 11

ES13b How frequently the load shedding happen in your house in a typical day?

of 11

(Single Answers)

No load shedding 1

1 to 3 times 2

3 to 6 times 3

7 to 10 times 4

More than 10 time 5

ES13c Think about the previous month, approximately how many hours the electricity provide in your house from 6pm to 10 pm?

(Single Answers)

Upto 1 hour 1

Upto 2 hours 2

Upto 3 hours 3

Upto 4 hours 4

ES14 How many hours of non-natural light did you use yesterday? (SA)

Less than 2 hours 1

Between 2 and 4 hours 2

Between 4 and 6 hours 3

More than 6 hours 4

ES15 In total, on a given day how many lights the household uses? (SA)

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 or more 8

Ask for the Code mentioned in ES3

ES16 How satisfied are you with your current source of energy for lighting? (SA)

Extremely satisfied 1

Very satisfied 2

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 3

Slightly dissatisfied 4

Extremely dissatisfied 5

Ask if codes 4 or 5 mentioned in in ES16

ES17 What aspect of your current lighting solutions is unsatisfactory?

Duration of Electricity Supply 1

Low Voltage or fluctuation 2

Unpredictable Interruptions 3

To keep the electricity bill low 4

Electrical Faults 5

of 11

Other (specify) 6

Not applicable, I am satisfied 7

ES18 Are you interested in using an alternative electricity source than your current primary source?

(Single code)

Yes 1

No 2

S19 When thinking about new potential lighting solutions, what three features are most important for you?

(multiple response)

Availability (time) 1

Affordability 2

Cost savings (in longer term, energy bill) 3

Long product life 4

Suitable for multiple uses 5

Reduce space usage 6

Easy to transport in case of moving from this house 7

Improvement in health (such as reducing kerosene fumes or smoke)

8

Safety (fire hazard) 9

Security (outside security light) 10

More reliable and better quality light indoors 11

ES20 If offered an alternative source for electricity, what would you be willing to pay per week for this source?

(Do not read – single response)

nothing 1

1 – 99 PKR 2

100-199 PKR 3

200-299 PKR 4

300-399 PKR 5

More than 400 6

Economic Activity

E1 What is the household’s main source of income?

(Single code)

E2 What are the household other sources of income?

(Multiple codes)

Agriculture /farming 1

Livestock breeding 2 Fishery 3 Horticulture 4

Food shop / road side hotel 5

Electronics shop 6

Kiryana or General store 7

Kiosk 8

of 11

Garage (motorbike, bicycle, car…) 9

Textiles / clothes shop 10

Drugstore / pharmacy 11

Agriculture / farming products shop 12

Hair salon 13

Other (specify)

E3 What type of energy source (electricity) do you use in your household?

(Multiple codes)

None 1 No other code possible

National grid 2

Multiple codes

Local mini-grid 3

Diesel generator 4

Solar energy 5

Biogas 6

LPG 7


Non-rechargeable batteries 9

Torches 10

Kerosene 11

Petrol 12

Candles 13

Charcoal 14

Wood 15

Other (specify) 16

Information and Communication

IC1 How many phones (fixed or mobile) do you have in your household?

No of land lines

No of mobile phones

Ask if mobiles are mentioned in IC1

IC2 Where do the household members charge their mobile phones? (MA)

Inside their dwelling 1

Outside the home 2

Ask IC3 & IC4 if code 2 is mentioned in IC2 otherwise skip to IC5

IC3 How much do you pay to recharge one mobile phone? (in total)?

Total amount in PKR

IC4 Is the recharge facility located within ½ KM of your dwelling?

Yes 1

No 2

of 11

IC5 Which of the following devices do you have? (MA)

TV 1

Dvd player (small) 2

Radio 3 Computer 4

Laptop 5

IC6 How many hours a day do you use these devices (combined)? (SA)

Less than 2 hours a day 1 Between 2 and 4 hours 2 Between 4 and 6 hours 3 More than 6 hours 4

Solar awareness

SA1 Do you know what solar power is? (SA)

Yes 1

I have heard of it, but I am not sure what it is 2

No 3 Ask SA2-SA6 if code 1 or 2 was mentioned in SA1 otherwise skip to next section

SA2 Do you know where to buy solar powered products? (SA)

Yes 1

No 2

SA3 Do you think solar powered products can be trusted? (SA)

Yes 1

No 2

SA4 Do your local clinics and/or schools use solar power? (SA)

Yes 1

No 2

I don’t know 3

SA5 Do any of your neighbors, friends or relatives have solar power? (SA

Yes 1

No 2

SA6 Does the household use solar lanterns or solar home systems for lighting?

Yes 1

No 2

of 11

Household Income

HH1 Are there multiple income earners in your household? (SA)

Yes 1

No 2

HH2 Can you provide an estimation of your monthly household income?

Total amount in PKR

HH3 Does your household income fluctuate depending on the season? (SA)

Yes 1 No 2

Ask HH4 & HH5 if code 1 in HH3

HH4 Which month(s) generally brings the MOST income? (MA)

Jan 1

Feb 2

March 3

April 4

May 5

June 6

July 7

August 8

September 9

October 10

November 11

December 12

HH5 Which month(s) generally brings the LEAST income? (MA)

Jan 1

Feb 2

March 3

April 4

May 5

June 6

July 7

August 8

September 9

October 10

November 11

December 12

of 11

HH6 Last month, about how much did you spend on the following?

Repairing House/Rent PKR Food PKR School fees and necessary items PKR Lightning/Energy/Fuel PKR Transport PKR Clothes PKR Health care PKR Family support PKR Social welfare fess PKR

Thank the respondent & close the interview

1

September’2015

Foresight House 6-X, Block 6, P.E.C.H.S, Karachi Pakistan.

FR-09-15-004

FOR SURVEYOR’S USE

انٹرویو

نمبر:

رابطہ

عالقہ: نمبر:

محلہ: شہر: ضلع : صوبہ:

جوابدہندہ کا نام:

جوابدہندہ کا پتہ:

جوابدہندہ کا ٹیلی فون

نمبر: انٹرویو کی تاریخ:

5 1 0

Y Y M M D D

انٹرویور کا کوڈ: انٹرویور کا نام:

سپروائزر کا کوڈ: سپروائزر کا نام:

وقت اختتام: وقت آغاز:

ہے۔یہ ایک مارکیٹ ریسرچ کمپنی ہےجوکہ مختلف کمپنیوں کے سے Foresight Researchہےمیراتعلق_________میرانام!سالم وعلیکما

جو ،کیلئےسروے کررہے ہیںPPAF اور Enclude آجکل ہم لیئےان کی مصنوعات اور سروسزکو بہتر بنانےکے لیئےسروے/ریسرچ کرتی ہے۔

جوآپ کےگھرانےکی معاشی ضروریات ننےکیلئےہے۔اسی کےحوالےسےہم آپ سے کچھ سواالت پوچھیں گے۔وجاعالقےکےلوگوں کی ضروریات ک

میں پیش آنےوالےمسائل اور ان کے حل کےبارےمیں ہونگے۔اس سروےسےحاصل ہونے والےجوابات جو آپ اور دیگر افراد دینگے وہ مستقبل

میں آپ کی ضروریات کو پورا کرنےمیں مددگار ثابت ہونگے۔یہ تمام معلومات اس سروے کا ّحصہ ہونگی مگر ہم کسی انفرادی شخص کانام

امید کرتےہیں کہ آپ اپنا قیمتی وقت منٹ درکارہونگے۔02لےکرمعلومات کی بنیاد پر کسی سےشیئر نہیں کریں گے۔ اس انٹرویو کیلئے ہمیں آپ کے

شکریہ کاموقع دینگے۔دےکر

Household Profile

S1ہےجواب ممکن ایک (جوابد ہندہ کی جنس نوٹ کریں ؟ ۔ ( 1 مرد

2 عورت

S2صرف (؟برائے مہربانی یہ بتائیں کہ آپ کے گھرانے کا سائز کیا ہے۔

)ایک جواب ممکن ہے 1 افراد 1-3

2 افراد 4-6

3 افراد 7-9

4 افرادسےزائد 9

S3؟یہ بتائیں کہ کےآپ کس قسم کے گھر میں رہتے ہیں برائے مہربانی۔)

)ایک جواب ممکن ہےصرف 1 کچا مکان / جھوپڑی

2 فلیٹ

3 سنگل اسٹوری مکا ن

4 ڈبل اسٹوری مکان

)___________واضح کریں (دیگر

S4باتھ روم اور اسٹور وغیرہ (کمرے ہیں ؟ میں کتنےآپ کے گھر ۔

)شامل نہ کریں

) ہےایک جواب ممکن صرف (

2

September’2015

1 نما ایک بڑا کمرہ لہا

2 کمرے 2

3 کمرے3

4 کمرے4

5 یا اس سے زائد کمرے5

S5ہے یا آپ کرائے برائے مہربانی یہ بتائیں کہ کیا یہ مکان آپکی ملکیت ۔

پر رہ رہے ہیں؟

)ایک جواب ممکن ہےصرف ( 1 کرائے پر

2 ذاتی ملکیت

S6یہ بتائیں کہ آپ کے گھرانےمیں کون کون رہتا ہے؟برائے مہربانی ۔ 1 صرف میاں، بیوی اور بچے

2 میاں، بیوی ، بچے اور دیگر افراد

3 )یعنی سنگل پیرنٹس(بچے صرف ماں یا باپ کے ساتھ

یعنی (افراد اورگھرانے کے دیگر ساتھ بچےماں یا باپ کے

)سنگل پیرنٹس کےساتھ خاندان4

5 جوڑاشادی شدہ کم عمر

6 بچوں کے جوڑا بغیر ازرعمر د

7 )اکیال (فیملی کے بغیر

8 )رہائش پذیر غیر لوگوں کے ساتھ (فیملی کےبغیر

9 )___________واضح کریں (دیگر

S7 ۔کیا آپ مجھے اپنے گھرانے کے معاشی سربراہ کی تعلیم بتاسکتی

جو گھرانے ہیں ؟گھرانے کے معاشی سربراہ سے مراد وہ شخص ہے

پڑھ کر سنائیں۔ایک (کی ماہانہ آمدنی میں سب سے زیادہ حصہ دیتا ہو۔

) ہےجواب ممکن

تعلیم

S7

معاشی

سربراہ

1 ان پڑھ

انٹرویو جاری

رکھیں

سال سے کم 5(پرائمری سے کم

)اسکول کی تعلیم2

جماعت اسکول کی 9سے 5

سال سےکی اسکول کی 9سے5(تعلیم

)تعلیم

3

سال کی اسکول کی 11(پاس میٹرک

)تعلیم4

5 )سال کی تعلیم12(انٹر میڈیٹ پاس

6 )سال کی تعلیم14(گریجویٹ پاس

7 )سال کی تعلیم16(پوسٹ گریجویٹ

8 معلوم نہیں /کچھ کہہ نہیں سکتےانٹرویو ختم

کردیں

S8ایک (؟۔کیا آپ اپنے گھرانے کے معاشی سربراہ کا پیشہ بتاسکتی ہیں

)ممکن ہےجواب

_________________________بتایا گیا پیشہ یہاں لکھیں

پیشے کے حساب سے جواب گرڈ میں بھی نوٹ کریں۔ 11 غیر ہنرمند مزدور

انٹرویو جاری

رکھیں

12 خوانچہ فروش /ٹھیلے واال/ کیبن واال

13 ہنر مند مزدور

14 نان ایگزیکٹو اسٹاف )کلرک/سیلزمین(

سپروائزر لیول )سپروائزر/ ہیڈ کلرک/ہیڈ

کانسٹیبل(15

16 /تاجرچھوٹے دکاندار/کاروباری

17 لوئر/مڈل ایگزیکٹو/افسر

سیلف امپالئڈ/ پیشہ ورانہ خدمات ٍ دینے والے

)ڈاکٹر/وکیل(18

19 /تاجردرمیانے درجے کے کاروباری

11 سینئرایگزیکٹو/افسر

11 /تاجربڑے کاروباری/ فیکٹری کے مالک

12 معلوم نہیں /کچھ کہہ نہیں سکتےانٹرویو ختم

کردیں

Growth Plan

Q1 سالوں میں آپ کے گھرانے کے 0سے1۔کیا آپ کے خیال میں اگلے

(، کمی ہوگی یا تعداد ویسی ہی رہے گی؟افراد کی تعداد میں اضافہ ہو گا

)ایک جواب ممکن ہےصرف 1 تعداد میں اضافہ ہوجائےگا

2 ویسی ہی رہے گی تعداد

3 کم ہوجائے گی تعداد

Q2 تعداد میں کمروں کیسالوں میں آپکا اپنے گھر 0سے1۔کیا اگلے

(ضرورت پڑے گی؟ کی / بجلی روشنیکو جہاں آپ ارادہ ہےبڑھانے کا

) ہےایک جواب ممکن صرف 1 ہاں

2 نہیں

3 معلوم نہیں

4 سکتےکچھ کہہ نہیں

Q30 یا1کیا آپ یا آپ کے گھرانے کے افراد میں سے کسی کا اگلے۔

ایک جواب صرف (؟ ارادہ ہےکا شروع کرنےسالوں میں کوئی کاروبار

) ہےممکن 1 ہاں

2 نہیں


4 کچھ کہہ نہیں سکتے

Q4کی خریداری آالت / اپالئنس کیا آپ آجکل اپنے گھر کے لیئے کوئی۔

کا ارادہ کررہے ہیں؟

) ہےایک جواب ممکن صرف ( 1 ہاں

2 نہیں


4 کچھ کہہ نہیں سکتے

Energy Situation-General

ES1آپ بجلی فراہم کرنے والےکن کن ذرائع سے واقف ہیں؟۔

) ہیںایک سے زائد جوابات ممکن پڑ کر سنائیں۔ ( 1 )وغیرہ KE, WAPDA (بجلی گھر قومی

کے پالنٹ جو توانائی شمسیچھوٹے دیم، (مقامی بجلی گھر

)ایک یا دو گاُوں کو بجلی فراہم کرتا ہو2

3 جینریٹر

4 شمسی توانائی

5 دوبارہ چارج ہونے والی بیٹریز

6 دوبارہ چارج نہ ہونے والی بیٹریز


ES2 ل گرڈ سےمنسلک ہےیا مقامی نبجلی کا کنکشن نیش۔آپ کے گھرمیں

گرڈ سے؟

) ہےایک جواب ممکن صرف ( 1 )وغیرہ KE, WAPDA (سےگرڈ نیشنل

کے پالنٹ جو ایک توانائی شمسی چھوٹے دیم، (سےمقامی گرڈ

)یا دو گاُوں کو بجلی فراہم کرتا ہو2

ES3ہے؟ ذریعہ کیاانے میں بجلی کی فراہمی کا بنیادی آپ کے گھر ۔

) ہےایک جواب ممکن صرف ( 1 )وغیرہ KE, WAPDA (قومی بجلی گھر

2کے پالنٹ جو توانائی شمسی چھوٹے دیم، (مقامی بجلی گھر

3

September’2015

)ایک یا دو گاُوں کو بجلی فراہم کرتا ہو

3 جینریٹر


5 دوبارہ چارج ہونے والی بیٹریز

6 دوبارہ چارج نہ ہونے والی بیٹریز

7 بجلی کی فراہمی میسر نہیں


ES4آپ کتنے عرصےسے۔)_________ ES3 سےذریعہ

کررہے ہیں؟ سےبجلی حاصل)کانام

) ہےایک جواب ممکن صرف ( :مہینے سال :

)پوچھیں ES5 ' بتایا ہو تو2یا1میں کوڈ'ES3اگر (

ES5۔کیا بجلی کے اس)_________ ES3کے لیئے آپ )سےذریعہ کانام

کے گھرمیں میٹر ہے؟

) ہےایک جواب ممکن صرف ( 1 ہاں

2 نہیں

ES6بجلی کےاس ذریعہماہ کے دوران آپ نے10۔پچھلے)_________

ES3اوسطاً ایک ماہ میں کتنا خرچہ کیا؟ کیلئے )سےذریعہ کانام ذریعہ

:

رقم:

) پوچھیں' بتایا ہوتو 2میں کوڈ 'ES2اگر (

ES7منسلک آپ کے گھرانےمیں بجلی کا کنکشن نیشل گرڈ کےساتھ۔

کیوں نہیں ہے؟ 1 گرڈ ہمارے گھر سے بہت دور ہے

2 کنکشن لگوانے کاخرچہ کافی زیادہ ہے

3 ماہانہ بل مہنگا پڑتاہے

4 ہیںسےمطمئن اپنے موجودہ بجلی کےنظام

5 مالک مکان فیصلہ کرتےہیں کرائے پر رہتے ہیں


)' بتایا ہو تو پوچھیں 2میں کوڈ'ES2اگر (

ES8متّصل سےکا گھر ان گھرانوں سے کتنےفاصلے پرہے جو گرڈ ۔آپ

ہیں؟ کلو میٹر:

ES9برقی آالت آپ کے گھرانے میں موجود ان میں سے کون کون سے ۔

ہیں؟ 1 )کےبغیرسیورانرجی واال سادہ (بلب

2 ٹیوب ال ئٹ

3 )انر جی سیور (الئٹ بلب

4 پنکھا

5 ریڈیو

6 فون چارجر

7 بلیک اینڈ وائٹ ٹی وی

8 رنگین / کلر ٹی وی

9 کمپیوٹر

11 پرنٹر

11 فوڈ پروسیسر الیکٹر ک

12 الیکٹر ک کوکنگ سسٹم

13 ویو اوون مائیکرو

14 ٹوسٹر الیکٹر ک

15 کنڈ یشنرائیر

16 ہیٹر الیکٹر ک

ES10ان میں سے کون کونسے برقی آالت آپ اپنے بنیادی بجلی کے ۔

؟کرتے ہیں استعمال )میں بتایا ES3جو (سےذریعے

11 )سادہ بنا انرجی سیور (بلب

12 ٹیوب ال ئٹ

13 )انر جی سیور (الئٹ بلب

14 پنکھا

15 ریڈیو

16 فون چارجر

17 بلیک اینڈ وائٹ ٹی وی

18 رنگین / کلر ٹی وی

19 کمپیوٹر

11 پرنٹر

11 الیکٹر ک فوڈ پروسیسر

12 الیکٹر ک کوکنگ سسٹم

13 ویو اوون ئیکروما

14 ٹوسٹر الیکٹر ک

15 کنڈ یشنرائیر

16 ہیٹر الیکٹر ک

ES11رکاوٹیں آپ کو اپنے بجلی کےاس بنیادی ذریعہ کےحوالےسےکیا ۔

پیش آتی ہیں؟

) ہیںکرسنائیں، ایک سے زائد جوبات ممکن جوابات پڑھ ( 1 حاصل ہوتی ہے تصر عرصےکےلیئےبجلی مخ

2 رہتاہے کم وولٹیج

غیراعالنیہ باربار بجلی غیرمتوقع طور پر بجلی منقطع ہونا

چالی جاتی ہے3

4 پڑتی ہے بہت مہنگی


) پوچھیں' بتایا ہوتو 1میں کوڈ 'ES2اگر (

ES12اس عرصے میں جن مہینوں میں بجلی کی فراہمی کم ہوجاتی ہے ۔

روز کتنےگھنٹوں کیلئےبجلی فراہم ہوتی ہے؟ کو آپ گھنٹے:

ES13aان میں سے نےایک ماہ کے دوران آپ کے گھرانےپچھلے ۔

جوابات زائدایک سے(کون سے ذرائع روشنی کے لیئے استعمال کئے؟

)ممکن ہیں 1 موم بتی

2 جنریٹر کےذرئع

3 )سیل سے چلنےوالی (Flashlight/ٹارچ

4 )چارج ہونے والی (ٹارچ

5 گاڑی کی بیٹری

6 لکڑیوں سے آگ جالکر

7 کوئلوں سے آگ جالکر

8 اللٹین

9 )سولر الئٹ(کےذرائع سے چلنے والی الئٹ شمسی توانائی

11 الئٹبجلی کےذرائع چلنےوالی


ES13bایک عام دن میں آپ کےگھرانے میں کتنی مرتبہ بجلی جاتی ۔

ہے؟ 1 بجلی نہیں جاتی

2 مرتبہ جاتی ہے3سے1



5 سےزائد متبہ جاتی ہے11

ES13cماہ کےدوران اوسطاً کتنےگھنٹےشام 1۔ گذشتہ

ایک صرف (آپ کوبجلی فراہم ہوتی تھی؟ تکبجے12بجےسےرات6

)جواب ممکن ہے 1 ے تکگھنٹ1

4

September’2015

2 گھنٹے تک2

3 گھنٹے تک3

4 گھنٹے تک4

ES14 ۔ کل آپ نے کتنے گھنٹے کی روشنی بجلی کے ذریعے حاصل کی؟

اگر بجلی کے ذریعے دوکمروں کو ایک گھنٹے کے لیے روژن کیا تو (

)ایک جواب ممکن ہےصرف ( )جواب دو گھنٹے ہوگا 1 گھنٹےسے کم2

2 گھنٹے 2-4

3 گھنٹے 4-6

4 سے زیادہ گھنٹے6

ES15 الئٹیں مجموعی طور پر ایک دن میں آپ کےگھرانے میں کتنی

استعمال ہوتی ہیں؟

) ہےایک جواب ممکن صرف (1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 اور اس سےزائد8

میں جو کوڈ بتائےہیں اس ES3جوابد ہندہ نے (

) پوچھیںES16کےحوالےسے

ES16مطمئن یا غیرمطمئنآپ اپنے موجودہ بجلی کے ذرائع سےکتنے۔

ہیں؟

) ہےایک جواب ممکن صرف ( 1 بہت زیادہ مطمئن

2 کافی مطمئن

3 نہ مطمئن اور نہ غیر مطمئن

4 کا فی غیر مطمئن

5 بہت زیادہ غیرمطمئن

) پوچھیں' بتایا ہو تو 5'یا'4میں کوڈ 'ES16 اگر (

ES17نہیں کیا وجہ ہے کہ اپنے موجودہ بجلی کےذرائع سےمطمئن۔

؟ہیں 1 بجلی کی فراہمی کا دورانیہ

2 الئٹ کا آناجانا کم ووٹیج اور باربار

3 / غیراعالنیہ بجلی کاجانا غیر متوقع

4 بجلی کا بل کم رکھنےکیلئے

5 کےنظام کی خرابیبجلی


7 مجھے کوئی شکایت نہیں ، مطمئن ہوں

ES18 ذرائع ________(۔کیا آپ اپنے موجودہ بجلی کے

ES3ذریعہ استعمال کرنے میں دلچسپی بدلےکوئی متبادل )کے

)ایک جواب ممکن ہےصرف (رکھتےہیں؟ 1 ہاں

2 نہیں

ES19ذرائع کے بارےمیں سوچتے ہوئے بتائیں کہ بجلی کےنئےممکنہ۔

ان میں سے کون سی تین خصویات آپکےلیئےبہت زیادہ اہم

)بات ممکن ہیںاجو 3صرف(ہیں؟ 1 )وقت پر(بجلی کی موجود گی

2 سستی بجلی

3 )مستقبل میں بل کی بچت (پیسوں کی بچت

4 بجلی کےاس ذریعےکولمبےعرصے تک استعمال کرسکیں

5 سکیںکر استعمالچیزوں کو مختلف

6 استعمال جگہ میں کم سے کم

دوسرے ہونے کی صورت میں اسکو آسانی سے Shiftگھرسے

اسکیں لےج جگہ7

جسمیں مٹی کےتیل کا دھواں وغیرہ کم (صحت کیلئے بہتر ہو

)ہو8

9 آتش زدگی کے خطرات سے محفوظ ہو

11 )کے لیے حفاظت(باہر الئٹ ےگھرک

11 بھروسہ اوربہتر کوالٹی کی الئٹ گھر کے اندر زیادہ قابل

ES20جائیں تو آپ کئےفراہم ذرائع نئے بجلی کےلیئے متبادلاگرآپ کو ۔

پڑھ کر نہ سنا ئیں (؟گے ہیںچا ہفتہ وار بنیاد پر کتنا بل دینا اسکے لیئے

)صرف ایک جواب ممکن ہے 1 کچھ نہیں

2 روپے99 – 1

3 روپے 199 – 111

4 روپے 299 – 211

5 روپے 399 – 311

6 سےزائد411

Economic Activity

E1ایک جواب صرف (کا بنیادی ذریعہ کیاہے؟ ے گھر کی آمدنیک۔آپ

)ممکن ہے

E2جواب سے زائد ایک (؟یںہ کیا ئعاذرے گھرکی آمدنی کے دیگر ۔آپک

)ہیںممکن E1 E2

1 1 کاشت کاری / زراعت

2 2 مال مویشی کی افزائش نسل

3 3 ماہی گیری

4 4 باغ بانی

5 5 دکانڈھابہ / کھانےپینے کی

6 6 برقی آالت کی دکان

7 7 کریانہ / جنرل اسٹور

8 8 کھوکھا / کیبن

موٹر سائیکل / بائیسکل / گاڑی وغیرہ رکھنے کا

گیراج 9 9

11 11 کپڑے کی دکان

11 11 دواؤں کی دکان / میڈیکل اسٹور

بیچنےکی )کھاد،یوریا،ٹریکٹروغیرہ( زرعی مصنوعات

دکان 12 12

13 13 حجام / بال کاٹنےکی دکان

14 کوئی نہیں


E3کن کن ذرائع سے حاصل کرکےاستعمال روشنیمیں ۔آپ کےگھرانے

کی جاتی ہے؟

) ہیںسے زائد جوبات ممکن ایک ( 1 قومی بجلی گھر

2 مقامی بجلی گھر

3 زل سےچلنےواال جنریٹرڈی


یعنی جانوروں / درختوں وغیرہ سے حاصل ہونے (گیس بائیو

)والی بجلی 5

LPG 6

7 دوبارہ چارج ہونے والی بیٹریاں

8 دوبارہ چارج نہ ہونے والی بیٹریاں

9 ٹارچ

11 مٹی کا تیل

11 پیٹرول

12 موم بتی

13 کوئلہ

14 لکڑی


5

September’2015

Information & Communication

IC1لینڈالئن اور موبائل دونوں کا (آپ کےگھرانےمیں کتنےفون ہیں؟ ۔

)بتائیں

لینڈ الئن فون کی

تعداد:_________________

موبائل فون کی

تعداد:_________________

) پوچھیںمیں موبائل کا ذکر کیا گیا ہو تو IC1اگر (

IC2سے زائد ایک (موبائل فون کدھر چارج کیا جاتاہے؟گھرمیں آپ کے۔

)جوبات ممکن ہیں 1 گھرانے کےاندر

2 گھرانےسےباہر جاکر

پوچھیں ورنہ IC4اور IC3' سرکل کیا گیا ہوتو 2میں کوڈ 'IC2اگر (

IC5پرجائیں (

IC3ایک موبائل کو چارج کرنےکیلئے آپ کل کتنےپیسےدیتےہیں؟۔

پاکستانی روپےمیں

:لکھیں

IC4 ۔کیاRecharge سے آدھا کلومیٹر سہولت آپ کی رہائش کرنے کی

پرہے؟ کے فاصلے

) ہےجواب ممکن ایک ( 1 ہاں

2 نہیں

IC5ایک سے (؟ذیل آالت موجودہیں انےمیں درجکیا آپ یاآپ کےگھر ۔

)زائد جوبات ممکن ہیں 1 ٹی وی

DVD Player 2چھوٹا

3 ریڈیو

4 کمپیوٹر

5 لیپ ٹاپ


IC6)ان صرفDevicesکےبارے میں پوچھیں جن کوIC5 ہومیں نوٹ کیا (

IC6۔برائےمہربانی یہ بتائیں کہ آپ IC5)_________ سےDeviceہر (کرتےہیں؟میں کتنے گھنٹے استعمال دن )نام کاDeviceکےلیئےایک جواب

)ممکن ہے TV DVD Player Radio Computer Laptop دیگر

1 1 1 1 1 1 گھنٹےسےکم 2دن میں

2 2 2 2 2 2 گھنٹے4گھنٹےسے2

3 3 3 3 3 3 گھنٹے6گھنٹےسے4

4 4 4 4 4 4 زائدگھنٹےسے6

Solar Awareness

SA1۔کیا آپ کو معلوم ہے کہSolar Powerایک جواب ممکن ہے (؟کیا ہے( 1 ہاں

مجھےنہیں معلوم کہ میں نےاس کےبارے میں سناہے لیکن

یہکیا ہے2

3 نہیں

SA2) سے SA6 تک صرف ان جوابد ہندہ سے پوچھیں جنہوں نےSA1 میں

) جائیںنوٹ کیا ہو ورنہ اگلے سیکشن پر '2' یا '1کوڈ'

SA2کیا آپ کو معلو ہے کہ ۔Solar Powerخریدی ڈکٹ کہاں سےاکی پر

جاتی ہے؟


2 نہیں

SA3 ۔کیا آپ کے خیال میںSolar Powerڈکٹ قابل اعتماد ہیں؟اکی پر

) ہےایک جواب ممکن ( 1 ہاں

2 نہیں

SA4کلینک اور اسکول کےعالقےکیا آپ کے۔Solar Power استعمال

کرتےہیں؟


2 نہیں


SA5بجلی کے کیا آپ کے دوست، رشتہ دار اور پڑوسیوں کے پاس۔Solar

Powerموجود ہے؟


2 نہیں

SA6کےلیئے بجلی کیا آپ کےگھرمیں۔Solar الئٹیں یاsolar ہوم سسٹم

؟استعمال ہوتاہے

) ممکن ہےجواب ایک ( 1 ہاں

2 نہیں

Household Income

HH1موجود ہیں؟ کمانےوالےافرادزیادہ کیا آپ کےگھرمیں ایک سے ۔


2 نہیں

HH2آمدنی بتاسکتےہیں؟کی ماہانہ انےکیا آپ اپنےگھر۔

) کریںروپےمیں نوٹ جواب ( روپے______________________ کل آمدنی:

HH3 ۔کیاآپ کےگھرکی آمدنی سیزن(Season) کم یا زیادہ ہوتی کےمطابق

ہے؟

) ہے جواب ممکن ایک ( 1 ہاں

2 نہیں

HH4) اورHH5سے پوچھیں جنہوں نے صرف ان جوابد ہندہHH3 میں

)' کہا ہو1کوڈ'

HH4 کی آمدنی انےگھربتائیں کہ کن مہینوں میں آپ کے۔برائے مہر بانی یہ

زیادہ ہوتی ہے؟

)ایک سےزائد جوابات ممکن ہیں(

HH5کی آمدنی کم انےکےگھربرائےمہربانی یہ بتائیں کہ کن مہینوں میں آپ۔

ہوتی ہے؟

۔برائے مہربانی اس بات کا خیال رکھیں کہ ہیںایک سےزائد جوابات ممکن (

HH4 میں نوٹ کیا گیا جوابHH5 میں نوٹ نہ کیا ہو(

6

September’2015

HH4 HH5

1 1 جنوری

2 2 فروری

3 3 مارچ

4 4 اپریل

5 5 مئی

6 6 جون

7 7 جالئی

8 8 اگست

9 9 ستمبر

11 11 اکتوبر

11 11 نومبر

12 12 دسمبر

HH6۔برائےمہربانی یہ بتائیں کہ پچھلےماہ میں آپ نے)__________

کےبارےمیں Itemہر(پرکتنےپیسےخرچ کیئے؟ )لسٹ سےاخراجات کےنام

)باری باری پو چھیں روپے__________ / کرایہ گھر کی مرمت

روپے__________ کھانا، پینا

روپے__________ ٫اسکول کی فیس اور ضروری اشیا

روپے__________ بجلی / توانائی / ایندھن

روپے__________ ٹرانسپورٹ

روپے__________ کپڑے

روپے__________ (Health Care)صحت کی دیکھ بھال

Family)اپنےخاندان / گھرانے کی مدد

Support) روپے__________

روپے__________ سماجی بہبود کی فیس

کردیں۔جوابدہندہ کا شکریہ ادا کریں اور انٹرویو ختم

electricity access in pakistan - world...

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