electrical power, information, urnab and rural areas , and s

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

IN THE SECTORS OF

ELECTRIC POWER,

INFORMATION, URBAN AND

RURAL AREAS, AND

SOCIAL WELFARE

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February 2006

First Edition

500 Copies

Printing and Publishing Enterprise,

Ministry of Information.

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CONTENT

Sr. No. Subject Page No.

1. Electric Power Sector 1

witnesses sustained progress

2. Information Sector 15


3. Urban and Rural Areas Sector 23


4. Social Welfare Sector 29


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Electric Power Sector

witnesses

sustained progress

Development of

Electric Power

in the time of

Tatmadaw Government

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Fulfil needs in electricity consumption

The human society is ever advancing. With the increase in population, so do

the towns, villages, buildings and factories.

Before 1988 Myanmars population stood at over 34 million but now the

number has reached over 54 million that is nearly double the previous amount. In the

past, there were over five million households but now the number stands at over eight

million. In the past, there were 314 townships, 288 towns but now there are 324

townships and 312 towns. Likewise, the number of factories stood at 27513 in the past,

but now there are 43550 factories and thus 16837 factories have increased.

Electricity consumption has increased in parallel with the development of the

State and higher living standard of people. Therefore, measures are being takensystematically to fulfil the electricity needs of the people.

In 1988, people consumed only 1,517 million units of electricity but now their

electricity consumption has increased up to over 5,461 million units.

The Tatmadaw Government is trying its best to fulfil the peoples electricity needs

and the table which shows increase in the number of power stations and generating more

electricity is the tangible proof of these efforts.

Increase in the number of power

stations and generating more electricity

1 Electricity consumption 1517.570 5461.089 3943.519

(unit in million)

2 Machinery installed (megawatt) 701.423 1596.81 895.387

3 Completed hydel power station 14 44 30

4 Other power plants 11 19 8

5 Hydel power project - 12 12

6 Projects to be implemented - 8 8

7 Total machinery installed (megawatt) - 6564.273 6564.273

Sr 1988Subject 2005 Progress

2 Sustainable Development

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Zawgyi Hydel Power Plant in Shan State (South).

in Electric Power Sector 3

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Hydel power projects being

implemented across the country

With the nations development, peoples living standard has improved mark-

edly. As science and technology is changing and advancing year by year, people are

able to access to modern electronic devices.

In the past, television, electric iron, tape recorders and fans are regarded as

luxuries and only elites had been able to reach these facilities. Housing in urban areas

were separate ones but now skyscrapers have become symbols of urban areas. Almost

every household uses fluorescent lamps, bulbs, televisions, video, fans, refrigerators,

washing machines, air-conditioners and electric stoves.

Let alone other regions, there are over 500,000 households using electricity in

Yangon and thus if one household uses a four-foot fluorescent lamp in the city it means

over 20 megawatts of electricity have to be supplied.

Therefore, the government is always seeking ways and means for the develop-

ment of the electric power sector with the aim of enabling the people to be able to catch

up with the higher living standard. Land and water resources are abundant inMyanmar. Exploring and exploiting these resources, electricity is being supplied to the

people through hydel power stations.

There are three ways to generate electricity hydel power, gas-fired power and fuel-

fired power. Hydel power projects are the most reliable ones for the country.

In generating electricity through hydel power projects, there was only Lawpita

hydel power project in the past, but now 30 new hydel power projects have been

implemented throughout the country.

The table shows the generating capacity of the completed nine major hydel power

projects out of other projects implemented in the time of the Tatmadaw government.


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Generating capacity of hydel

power stations

(Electricity in megawatt daily supply)

Sr Project State/Division/Town 1988 2005 Progress

1 Biluchaung (1) (2) Loikaw,

Kayah State 120 360 240

2 Kinda Myittha,

Mandalay Division - 18 18

3 Hsedawgyi Madaya,


4 Zawgyi (1) Yaksawk,

Shan State (South) - 8 8

5 Zawgyi (2) Yaksawk,

Shan State (South) - 9 9

6 Thaphanseik Kyunhla,

Sagaing Division - 12 12

7 Paunglaung Pyinmana,


8 Monechaung Sedoktara,

Magway Division - 70 70

9 Zaungtu Bago,

Bago Division - 20 20


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Zaungtu Hydel Power Plant in Ayeyawady Division.


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Hydel power projects being

implemented across the country

The Government is trying its best to meet the electricity need of the nation and

people.

It is cost-effective to produce hydro electric power. Rivers and creeks are

abundant in Myanmar and so it is possible to produce hydroelectric power.

In an attempt to fulfil the need of electricity, priority is given to the

implementation of hydel power projects.

It is estimated that flow of rivers and creeks in Myanmar can produce 40,000

megawatts. Hence, the government is building hydel power plants in the entire nation

with added momentum. A total of nine hydel power plants are under construction and,

upon completion, they can generate 1,500 megawatts. Consumption of electricity in

Myanmar reaches over 5,000 megawatts.

On completion of hydel power plants, they will be able to meet the electricity

need of the nation.

In the time of the Tatmadaw Government, hydel power projects are being

implemented in the interests of the people.

The table shows the progress of hydel power projects in the nation.


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Hydel power plants under construction

(Electricity in megawatt to be generated daily)

1 Kengtawng Mongnai, Shan State - 54

2 Yeywa Kyaukse, Mandalay Division - 790

3 Shweli Namkham, Shan State - 400

4 Kunchaung Pyu, Bago Division - 60

5 Pyuchaung Pyu, Bago Division - 40

6 Khapaung Toungoo, Bago - 30

7 Pathi Thandaung, Kayin State - 2

8 Shwekyin Shwekyin, Bago Division - 75

9 Yenwe Kyauktaga, Bago - 25

Sr Project State/Division/Town 1988 2005


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Biluchaung Power Station -2 in Kayah State.


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Hydel power projects

to be implemented

On one occasion, Head of State Senior General Than Shwe gave guidance

saying that in the third five-year plan efforts were to be made to generate 2000

megawatts of electricity and in doing so measures were to be taken based on the

abundant water resources.

In accordance with the guidance of the Head of State, 11 hydel power

projects which can supply power to the national grid and other projects which will

benefit 42 regions have been implemented and these projects generate nearly 2000

megawatts of electricity.

It is estimated that throughout the country, there are 268 small, medium and

large sites which have a total capacity to produce nearly 40,000 megawatts of

electricity.

Measures are being taken to implement the remaining projects and upon

completion of all the projects, electricity needs of the country will be fulfilled.

The table shows systematic arrangements being made to supply power in the

time of the Tatmadaw Government.


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Hydel power projects

to be implemented

1 Upper Paunglaung Pyinmana Township,

Mandalay Division 140

2 Htamanthi Homalin Township,

Sagaing Division 1200

3 Tarhsan (Thanlwin) Taunggyi Township,

Shan State 7310

4 Thahtaychaung (Thade) Thandwe Township,

Rakhine State 100

5 Thaukyaykhat Toungoo Township,

Bago Division 140

6 Thajet Taninthayi Township,

Taninthayi Division 20

7 Dayaingchaung (Paingkyon) Hlaingbwe Township,

Kayin State 25

8 An Chaung An Township,

Rakhine State 15

Sr Project Region Megawatt


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Ahlon Power Station in Yangon Division.


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Emerging power plants

Using abundant water resources in the country, Myanmar is generating elec-

tricity through hydel power stations and at the same time natural gas exploited

both inland and offshore areas has been used to generate power.

Hydel power stations supply 40 per cent and gas-fired power plants 60 per

cent of the daily needs in consumption of electricity in the country. Electricity

generated at hydel power stations is used as fundamental energy and at the gas-

fired power plants as supporting energy in supplying electricity across the country.

In order to save natural gas, waste heat recovery power plants are generating

electricity to supply power. Moreover, using coal, a coal-fired power plant in

Tikyit region is supplying power.Small, medium and heavy diesel-used power plants are being built in the

regions which are far from the national grid and border areas. In addition to these

facilities wind-powered power plants, waste heat recovery power plants, bio-fuel

used power plants and bio-diesel used power plants are being built to fulfil the

electricity needs.

Readers may vividly see the increase in the number of power plants built

across the country in the time of the Tatmadaw Government through the table.

Increase in the number of power plants

Sr Power plant 1988 2005 Progress

1 Natural gas-used power plant 8 11 3

2 Waste heat recovery power plant - 4 4

3 Steam-powered plant 3 3 upgraded

4 Coal-fired power plant - 1 1

5 Diesel-fired generator 621 944 323


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Thaphanseik Hydel Power Plant in Magway Division.

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Information Sector

witnesses

sustained progress

Development of

Information

in the time of

Tatmadaw Government

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The whole nation receives excellent

media coverage

To raise the education standard of the entire people and for all the national

people to be bright and intelligent and to posses the right concepts are the main factors

which play an important role in striving to raise the living standard of the entire people

and ensure national development.

The information sector is serving as a bridge between the State and the people,

between the State and the international community and among people. The informa-

tion sector is enhanced with the aim of enabling the people to know news and

information such as development undertakings carried out across the Union by the

State.

Myanmars news and information sector is developing in parallel with rapid

development of information and communication technology. One can read newspa-

pers as well as access to the Internet to know the daily developments of the State. Clear

voice and pictures can be received in the northernmost part of the country such as

Nanyun and Dawphonyan and southern part as Hainggyi Island and Coco Island.

To disseminate knowledge to rural people and to enhance the media coverage,

Information and Public Relations Department offices have been opened throughout

the country and the number has reached up to 375. People are now able to view

television programmes, and have access to libraries, wall magazines, self-reliant

libraries and mobile libraries through these offices.


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Developing media

As efforts are being made to enhance the media to cover the whole country

in the time of the Tatmadaw Government, the table is the tangible proof of these

efforts.

in Information Sector 17

1 Daily broadcasting hour of Myanma

Radio 16:5 18:45 2:40

2 Completed Retransmission station 15 197 182

3 Broadcasting hour of Myanma TV 5 10 5

4 Number of viewer & listener in million 26.1 47.77 21.67

5 MRTV Channel 1 4 3

6 Office and library of IPRD 100 375 275

7 Self-reliant rural library - 48667 48667

8 Sub-printing house - 9 9

Sr Subject 1988 2005 Progress

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Sub-printing House in Mandalay.


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Expanding functions of

Myanma Radio and Television

Prevalence of law and order, community peace and tranquillity, economic

development of the State and the people and human resource development are

essential for emergence of a peaceful, modern and developed nation. At a time when

all-out efforts are being made for national development, there can be seen some

elements disturbing and harming national interests. To expose the acts of these

destructive elements, counter-measures are being taken through media.

In serving the States interest through mass media, Myanma Radio and Television

is trying its best in broadcasting programmes aimed at providing information,

education, entertainment and special programmes.

In doing so, Radio Myanmar has enhanced its programmes and the programmes

aired on short waves and medium wave frequencies are also channelled through FMfrequency.

Yangonites are able to view the programmes broadcast by Myanma Television

through the transmitter. And through satellite, 197 TV retransmission stations

broadcast TV programmes for people from states and divisions. These programmes

cover over 89 per cent of the nations population.

The table shows increase in the programmes broadcast by Myanma Radio and

Television in the time of the Tatmadaw Government.


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Enhancing programmes of MRTV

1 Broadcasting hour of Radio Myanmar 16:05 18:45 2:40

2 Channel of Radio Myanmar 10 10 upgraded

3 Broadcasting hour of nationalities

programmes 4 6 2

4 TV telecasting hour 5 11 6

5 Number of TV viewer in million 24.66 47.55 22.89

6 TV Channel 1 6 5

7 Countries covered by MRTV-3 - 156 156

8 Completed TV retransmission station 15 197 1829 TV retransmission station

under construction - 16 16

Sub-printing House in Magway Division.



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Development of the mass media tasks

of the Information Sector

1 IPRD offices in townships 100 375 275

and libraries

2 library membership (million) - 3.10 3.10

3 self-reliant libraries - 48,667 48,667

4 sub-printing houses - 9 9


Development of mass media

In the age of rapid information technology, mass media reach and influence

almost all fields. Taking full advantage of the advanced information technology,

some big countries are trying to influence upon political, economic and social

affairs of other countries.

During the time, the government is carrying out the nation-building tasks and

disseminating news and information to the people at home and to those around the

world. Being the major component in the mass media, the information and public

relations task plays an important role in sending the authentic news to people.

In an effort to disseminate knowledge to the people in urban and rural regions

Information and Public Relations Department - IPRD is providing information to

all over the country.

Self-reliant libraries have been set up in 48,667 villages, out of over 60,000

villages in the country. Arrangements are being made to establish libraries in the

rest of villages in 2006.

In an attempt to distribute dailies without delay, sub-printing houses were

established in different regions. Moreover, daily newspapers are available online

today. The table shows increase in the mass media tasks in the time of the Tatmadaw

Government.


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A mobile library of IPRD.

22

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Urban and Rural Areas Sectorwitnesses

sustained progress

Development of

Urban and Rural Areas

in the time of

Tatmadaw Government

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Development of rural areas

Development of rural areas

Based on peace and stability and national solidarity, the Tatmadaw

Government has been carrying out the tasks for all-round development of states

and divisions including rural and border areas. It is obviously seen that significant

progress has been made in all regions.

The government is also undertaking measures for raising of living standard of

the people. As a result, urban and rural areas have been developed. More bridges

are being built in urban and rural regions and model villages were established.

Water supply projects are being implemented in villages in the arid zone which are

far from dam and reservoir areas in order to get drinking water.Rural roads were upgraded to earth ones, literite ones, gravel ones and tarred

ones. Schools in rural areas are also upgraded and priority is given to the increase

in school enrollment in villages. Moreover, the Government is also fulfilling the

requirements for the development of the economy of rural areas.

The table shows increase in the number of rural roads, bridges, water

supply tasks and rural housing.

1. Rural road (mile) 3,939 23,898 19,959

- tar road (mile) 295 1,182 887

- gravel road (mile) 822 3,957 3,135

- laterite road (mile) 730 1,689 958

- earth road (mile) 2,092 17,070 14,978

2. New bridges constructed - 6,324 6,324

in rural areas3. Water supply tasks -

- villages where tasks have - 14,540 14,540

been undertaken

- tasks completed - 20,904 20,904



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Local service personnel enjoy reading dailies published by

the sub- printing house in Sittway.

in Urban and Rural Areas Sector 25

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Development of urban areas

As part of efforts for the development of the State, urban and rural areas

development projects were carried out by the Government joining hands with the

people.

Being not easily accessible by road in the past, inland areas were lagged behind

the development. During the time of the Tatmadaw Government, the Development

Affairs Department has constructed road network linking villages, towns and districts.

At present, rural and urban areas enjoy the fruits of the smoothful transportation.

Besides, water supply projects were also implemented. Therefore, economyof the urban areas are booming in parallel with the improvement of the living standards

of the people. Therefore, there is gradually narrowing development gap between the

urban and rural areas. The number of school, hospital and station hospital has

increased in urban and rural areas. Moreover, special development zones were

designated and implemented across the country.

The table is the tangible proof of progress of the urban and rural areas.

Development of urban areas

1. Urban road (miles) 2,971 5,386 2,415

- tar road (mile)945 - 1,963 1,018

- gravel road (mile)768 1,007 239

- laterite road (mile) 198 321 123

- earth road (mile) 1,060 2,095 1,035

2. Urban bridge

- new concrete bridges in urban areas - 5,809 5,809

- new wooden bridges in urban areas - 3,673 3,6733 . Water supply tasks in urban areas

- townships where tasks to be

carried out - 285 285

- tasks completed - 127 127



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Developing Pangsang in Shan State (North).

in Urban and Rural Areas Sector 27

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Mongla: A town that shows development in border areas.

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Social Welfare Sector

witnesses

sustained progress

Development of

Social Welfare

in the time of

Tatmadaw Government

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Development of social welfare sector

It is Myanmar custom to care about somebody's problems, to feel sympathy

for and to give support to other people and these good habits always flourish in the

Myanmar society.

Myanmar has made progress in economic sector while social welfare activities

are being carried out with added momemtum.

Regarding the social welfare activities, not only the government but also

well-wishers make valuable contribution to the success of the activities.

Thanks to the stability of the State, unity of all national races and high

nationalistic spirit, national forces that will serve the interests of the State have

emerged.

As part of national forces, social organizations are participating in social

welfare activities in an attempt to improve the living standards of the people.

Moreover, as wellwishers play an active part in social welfare activities joining hands

with social organizations, and standards of the needy people have improved.

The table is the tangible proof of the progress of the social welfare works.

Progress of social welfare works

1. Day care nursery 17 62 45

2. Cetana nursery 578 734 156

3. Rehabilitation centre 113 152 39

4. Domestic science training school 2 7 5

5. Cetana vocational training school - 10 106. Home for the aged 20 42 22

7. Training school for the disabled 4 5 1



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Giving educative talk by members of Myanmar Women's Affairs Organization.

in Social Welfare Sector 31

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Associations and organizations serving

national interest

No one can deny the fact that tangible results have been achieved in striving

for emergence of a peaceful, modern and developed nation and thanks to the active

participation of non-governmental organizations in these endeavours, nation-building

tasks have gained momentum.

The power of social organizations plays an important role in serving the

interests of the nation. Such associations and organizations as Union Solidarity and

Development Association, Myanmar Red Cross Society, Myanmar War Veterans

Organization, Myanmar Women's Affairs Federation, Myanmar Maternal and Child

Welfare Association and Auxiliary Fire Brigade, are actively taking part in

nation-building tasks.

Together with these associations and organizations, the entire national people,

based on patriotism and Union Spirit, are committed themselves with heart and soul

to these tasks and thus great achievements have been realized in all sectors.

The table shows emerging associations and organizations taking part in

nation-building tasks in the time of the Tatmadaw Government.

Emerging organizations and associations

1. Federation - 2 2

2. Organization 5 17 12

3. Association 1 3 2

4. Asiayon - 4 4



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Tatmadawmen giving a helping hand to a patient.


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Social index up

As the social sphere of a country is very wide, one can observe a country's

development through social index of the country. Literacy rate, decrease in crude

death rate, falling in unemployment rate and developments in the social sector of a

country reflect its development.

Year after year, Myanmar is witnessing development in all sectors which are

the fruitful results of the combined efforts of the State, the people and the Tatmadaw.

With the economic development of the State, the social sector of the country has

improved markedly.

Emerging educational infrastructures in the country help increase not only the

literacy rate but also the number of highly qualified human resource.

Life expectancy of citizens has become high as a result of development in the

health sector as well as the country enjoying food sufficiency. Moreover, increase in

the number of economic infrastructures creates job opportunities for the people.

This helps bring down the rate of unemployment and raise the socio-economic life of

the national people. In the time of the Tatmadaw Government, social standard of the

people has improved significantly and increase in the social index is shown in the table.


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Rising social index

1. KG enrollment rate 67.13 97.58 30.45

2. Literacy rate 79.7 94.1 14.4

3. Decrease in crude death rate

(in one thousand persons)

- Rural area 9.9 7.1 (-)2.18

- Urban area 8.96 6.2 (-)2.7

4. Life expectancy

- Rural area

- Male 56.2 years 60.8 years 4.7 years

- Female 60.4 years 63.3 years 2.9 years

- Urban area

- Male 59.0 years 61.5 years 2.5 years

- Female 63.2 years 65.6 years 2.4 years

5. Employment (million) 19 29 10



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Champion Myanmar soccer team of U-23 that celebrates

the time of glory for the nation.

36

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