Electric Motors

Item Description as available in HS classification

8501 electric motors and generators (no sets)850110 Motors of an Output Not Exceeding 37.5w850120 Universal Ac/dc Motors of an Output Exceeding 37.5w850131 Dc Motors, Dc Generators, of an Output Not Exceeding 750w850132 Dc Motors, Dc Generators, Output Exceeding 750w But Not Exceeding 75kw850133 Dc Motors, Dc Generators, Output Exceeding 75kw But Not Exceeding 375kw850134 Dc Motors, Dc Generators, of an Output Exceeding 375kw850140 Other Ac Motors, Single-phase850151 Ac Motors, Multi-phase, of an Output Not Exceeding 750w850152 Ac Motors, Multi-phase, Output Exceeding 750w But Not Exceeding 75kw850153 Ac Motors, Multi-phase, of an Output Exceeding 75kw850161 Ac Generators of an Output Not Exceeding 75kva850162 Ac Generators of an Output Exceeding 75kva But Not Exceeding 375kva850163 Ac Generators of an Output Exceeding 375kva But Not Exceeding 750kva850164 Ac Generators of an Output Exceeding 750kva

Definitions (as available in Fed register)

(A) The term “electric motor” means any motor which is a general purpose T-frame, single-speed, foot-mounting, polyphase squirrel-cage induction motor of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Design A and B, continuous rated, operating on 230/460 volts and constant 60 Hertz line power as defined in NEMA Standards Publication MG1–1987. (B) The term “definite purpose motor” means any motor designed in standard ratings with standard operating characteristics or standard mechanical construction for use under service conditions other than usual or for use on a particular type of application and which cannot be used in most general purpose applications. (C) The term “special purpose motor” means any motor, other than a general purpose motor or definite purpose motor, which has special operating characteristics or special mechanical construction, or both, designed for a particular application. (D) The term “open motor” means a motor having ventilating openings which permit passage of external cooling air over and around the windings of the machine. (E) The term “enclosed motor” means a motor so enclosed as to prevent the free exchange of air between the inside and outside of the case but not sufficiently enclosed to be termed airtight. (F) The term “small electric motor” means a NEMA general purpose alternating current single-speed induction motor, built in a two-digit frame number series in accordance with NEMA Standards Publication MG1–1987. (G) The term “efficiency” when used with respect to an electric motor means the ratio of an electric motor’s useful power output to its total power input, expressed in percentage.

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(H) The term “nominal full load efficiency” means the average efficiency of a population of motors of duplicate design as determined in accordance with NEMA Standards Publication MG1–1987.

Indian Standards

  IS 996 : 1979 Single-phase small ac and universal electric motors Active

IS 2968 : 1964 Dimensions of Slide Rails Electric Motors ActiveIS 9582 : Part 1 : 1980

Single-phase electric motors for definite purposes: Part 1 Domestic laundry machine motors Active

IS 14122 : 1994 Built in thermal protection for electric motors rated up to 660 V ac Active

IS 14582 : 1998 Single-phase small a.c. electric motors for centrifugal pumps for agricultural applications Active

ANSI Approved Standards

Product Standards

ANSI/API 541-2003 Form-Wound

Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors 250Horsepower and Larger

ANSI/API 547-2004General Purpose

Form-Wound Squirrel Cage InductionMotors-250 Horsepower and Larger

ASTM F1134-1997 (R2002) Specification

for Insulation Resistance Monitor forShipboard Electrical Motors and

Generators

IEEE 1255-2000Guide for Evaluation of

Torque Pulsations During Starting ofSynchronous Motors

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IEEE 1349-2001 Guide for Application of

Electric Motors in Class I Division 2Hazardous (Classified) Locations

IEEE 303-2004Auxiliary Devices for

Motors in Class 1 – Groups A, B, C, andD, Division 2 Locations

IEEE 334-1999 Qualifying Continuous Duty

Class 1E Motors for Nuclear PowerGenerating Stations

IEEE 649-1992 (R2004) Qualifying Class

1E Motor Control Centers for NuclearPower Generating Stations

IEEE 841-2001 Chemical Industry –

Severe Duty Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled(TEFC) Squirrel Cage Induction Motors –

Up to and Including 500 hp

IEEE C37.96-2000 Guide for AC Motor

Protection

IEEE C62.21-2003 Guide for the

Application of Surge Voltage ProtectiveEquipment on AC Rotating Machinery

1000 Volts and Greater

ANSI C50.41-2000Polyphase Induction

Motors for Power Generating Stations

NEMA MG 1-2003Revision 1, Motors and

Generators

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Repair Standards

EASA (Electrical Apparatus ServiceAssociation) ANSI/EASA AR100-2006

RecommendedPractice for the Repair of Rotating

Electrical Apparatus

IEEE 1068-1996 Recommended Practice

for the Repair and Rewinding of Motorsfor the Petroleum and Chemical Industry

Test Standards

IEEE 114-2001 Standard Test Procedure

for Single-Phase Induction Motors

IEEE 252-1995 (R2002) Motors Having

Liquid in the Magnetic Gap, TestProcedure for Polyphase Induction

ANSI/(NFPA) T3.9.17 R2-1997 (R2004)Hydraulic Fluid Power - PositiveDisplacement Pumps, Motors and

Integral Transmissions - Method ofTesting and Presenting Basic

Performance Data

Installation Standards

ANSI/NECA 402-2001Recommended

Practice for Installing Motor ControlCenters

ANSI/NECA 230-2003Recommended

Practice for Installing Motors

Standards for Industrial Safety

UL 347-2000

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Standard for Safety for HighVoltage Industrial Control Equipment

UL 508-2005Industrial Control Equipment

UL 674-2003Electric Motors and

Generators for Use in HazardousLocations, Class I Groups C and D, Class

II Groups E, F and G

ISO Standards

ISO 3019-1:2001Hydraulic fluid power - Dimensions and identification

code for mounting flanges and shaft ends ofdisplacement pumps and motors - Part 1: Inch series

shown in metric units

ISO 3019-2:2001Hydraulic fluid power - Dimensions and identification

code for mounting flanges and shaft ends ofdisplacement pumps and motors - Part 2: Metric series

ISO 3662:1976Hydraulic fluid power - Pumps and motors - Geometric

displacements

ISO 4391:1983Hydraulic fluid power - Pumps, motors and integral

transmissions - Parameter definitions and letter symbols

ISO 4392-1:2002Hydraulic fluid power - Determination of characteristicsof motors - Part 1: At constant low speed and constant

pressure

ISO 4392-2:2002Hydraulic fluid power - Determination of characteristics

of motors - Part 2: Startability

ISO 4392-3:1993Hydraulic fluid power - Determination of characteristics

of motors - Part 3: At constant flow and at constant

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torque

ISO 4409:1986Hydraulic fluid power - Positive displacement pumps,motors and integral transmissions - Determination of

steady-state performance

ISO 4412-2:1991Hydraulic fluid power - Test code for determination of

airborne noise levels - Part 2: Motors

ISO 8426:1988Hydraulic fluid power - Positive displacement pumps and

motors - Determination of derived capacity

ISO 13342:1995Small craft - Static thrust measurement for outboard

motors

ISO 13591:1997Small craft - Portable fuel systems for outboard motors

ISO 9775:1990Small craft - Remote steering systems for single

outboard motors of 15 kW to 40 kW power

ISO 12333:2000Aerospace - Constant displacement hydraulic motors -

General specifications for 35 000 kPa systems

ISO 9206:1990Aerospace - Constant displacement hydraulic motors -

General specifications

ISO 7650:1987Commercial vehicles and buses - Mounting dimensions

for starter motors of types 1, 2, 3 and 4

IEC Standards

IEC 60034-12 Ed. 2.0 b:2002Rotating electrical machines - Part 12: Startingperformance of single-speed three-phase cage

induction motors

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Specifies four standard designs of starting performance ofsingle speed three-phase cage induction motors for direct

on-line or star-delta starting and rated on the basis of duty-typeS-1 (maximum continuous rating). Also covers dual voltage

motors in so far as the flux saturation level is the same for bothvoltages.

IEC 60034-2 Ed. 3.0 b:1972Rotating electrical machines. Part 2: Methods for

determining losses and efficiency of rotatingelectrical machinery from tests (excluding

machines for traction vehicles)"Applies to d.c. machines and to a.c. synchronous and

induction machines. The principles can be applied to othertypes of machines such as rotary converters, a.c. commutator

motors and single-phase induction motors for which othermethods of determining losses are used. "

IEC 60034-26 Ed. 1.0 b:2006Rotating electrical machines - Part 26: Effects of

unbalanced voltages on the performance ofthree-phase cage induction motors

Describes the effects of unbalanced voltages on theperformance of three-phase cage induction motors.

IEC 60072-1 Ed. 6.0 b:1991Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical

machines - Part 1: Frame numbers 56 to 400 andflange numbers 55 to 1080

"Covers most industrial rotating electrical machines within thedimension range: Foot-mounted: shaft heights 56 mm to 400

mm. Flange-mounted: pitch circle diameter of flange 55 mm to1080 mm. Gives fixing dimensions, shaft extension

dimensions and output powers. Maximum permissible torquesfor continuous duty on a.c. motors are also listed for various

shaft diameters. "

IEC 60072-3 Ed. 1.0 b:1994Dimensions and output series for rotating electricalmachines - Part 3: Small built-in motors - Flange

numbers BF10 to BF50

IEC 60092-301 Amd.1 Ed. 3.0 b:1994Amendment 1 - Electrical installations in ships.Part 301: Equipment - Generators and motors

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IEC 60092-301 Amd.2 Ed. 3.0 b:1995Amendment 2 - Electrical installations in ships.Part 301: Equipment - Generators and motors

IEC 60092-301 Ed. 3.0 b:1980Electrical installations in ships. Part 301:

Equipment - Generators and motorsConcerns rotating electrical machines rated at 750 W or moreand excitation machines. Includes relevant requirements for

prime-movers' driving generators.

IEC 60092-501 Ed. 3.0 b:1984Electrical installations in ships. Part 501: Special

features - Electric propulsion plant"Applies to electric propulsion machinery and plant. Deals with

the specifications, installation and testing of: propulsionmotors; propulsion generators and their prime movers;

electrical coupling; associated semiconductor convertors;excitation systems; control monitoring, instrumentation and

protection equipment and systems; wires and cables. Bow andstern thrusters intended as auxiliary steering devices, all

auxiliary generating plants and accumulator battery poweredpropulsion machinery and equipment are excluded. "

IEC 60252-1 Ed. 1.0 b:2001"AC motor capacitors - Part 1: General -Performance, testing and rating - Safetyrequirements - Guide for installation and

operation""Applies to motor capacitors intended for connection to

windings of asynchronous motors supplied from asingle-phase system having a frequency up to and including

100 Hz, and to capacitors to be connected to three-phaseasynchronous motors so that these motors may be supplied

from a single-phase system. This standard coversimpregnated or unimpregnated capacitors having a dielectric

of paper, plastic film, or a combination of both, eithermetallized or with metal-foil electrodes, with rated voltages up

to and including 660 V. "

IEC 60252-2 Ed. 1.0 b:2003AC motor capacitors - Part 2: Motor start

capacitors"Applies to motor start capacitors intended for connection to

windings of asynchronous motors supplied from asingle-phase system having the frequency of the mains.

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Covers impregnated or unimpregnated metallized motor startcapacitors having a dielectric of paper or plastic film, or a

combination of both and electrolytic motor start capacitors withnon-solid electrolyte, with rated voltages up to and including

660 V."

IEC 60349-2 Ed. 2.0 b:2002Electric traction - Rotating electrical machines for

rail and road vehicles - Part 2: Electronicconvertor-fed alternating current motors

"Applies to convertor-fed alternating current motors formingpart of the equipment of electrically propelled rail and roadvehicles. The object of this part is to enable the performanceof a motor to be confirmed by tests and to provide a basis for

assessment of its suitability for a specified duty and forcomparison with other motors. Where further testing is to be

undertaken in accordance with IEC 61377, it may bepreferable, to avoid duplication, that some type and

investigation tests be carried out on the combined test bed. "

IEC 60644 Ed. 1.0 b:1979Specification for high-voltage fuse-links for motor

circuit applicationsApplies primarily to fuse-links used with motors started

direct-on-line on alternating current systems of 50 Hz and 60Hz. Standardizes time-current characteristics to formulate

additional pulse withstand requirements regarding testing andto give guidance for the selection of fuse-links to be used with

motors. Note: -Fuse-links according to this specificationshould comply with the requirements of IEC 60282-1.

IEC 60681-1 Ed. 1.0 b:1980Dimensions of small power motors for definitepurpose application - Part 1: Oil burner motors

"Specifies dimensions for small power motors intended fordriving oil burners for voltages up to 500 V, 50 Hz and 60 Hz.

IEC 60681-1 Ed. 1.0 b:1980Dimensions of small power motors for definitepurpose application - Part 1: Oil burner motors

"Specifies dimensions for small power motors intended fordriving oil burners for voltages up to 500 V, 50 Hz and 60 Hz.

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IEC 60991 Ed. 1.0 b:1989Resilient mounting rings for small motors -

Mounting dimensions

IEC 61377-1 Ed. 1.0 b:2006Railway applications - Rolling stock - Part 1:Combined testing of inverter-fed alternating

current motors and their control system"Specifies the performance characteristics of electric drivesconsisting of an inverter, alternating current motors, and therelated control system; and provides methods of verifying

these performance characteristics by tests."

IEC 61377-2 Ed. 1.0 b:2002Railway applications - Rolling stock - Combined

testing - Part 2: Chopper-fed direct current tractionmotors and their control

"Applies to the combinations of motor(s), chopper and theircontrol, and its object is to specify a)the performance

characteristics of electric drives consisting of a chopper, directcurrent motors, and the related control system b)methods of

verifying these performance characteristics by tests. In tractiondrives, a combined system with chopper and direct current

motor(s) without any control between the mechanical outputand the chopper is not usual. It is not, therefore, considered in

this standard. IEC 60349-1 applies to chopper-fed directcurrent motors, IEC 61287-1 to power electronic convertors,and IEC 60571 to electronic equipments. As a consequence,

IEC 60349-1 describes the tests to demonstrate thecompliance of the motor to its specification, while IEC 61287-1

does the same for the chopper."

IEC 61377-3 Ed. 1.0 b:2002"Railway applications - Rolling stock - Part 3:

Combined testing of alternating current motors,fed by an indirect convertor, and their control

system""Specifies a) the performance characteristics of electric drivesconsisting of a convertor, alternating current motors, and the

related control system;b) methods of verifying theseperformance characteristics by tests "

IEC 61800-1 Ed. 1.0 b:1997

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Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems -Part 1: General requirments - Rating specificationsfor low voltage adjustables speed d.c. power drive

systems"Applies to general purpose adjustable speed d.c. driven

systems which include the power conversion, controlequipment, and also a motor or motors. Excluded are tractionand electrical vehicle drives. Applies to power driven systems(PDS) connected to line voltages up to 1 kV a.c., 50 Hz or 60

Hz."

IEC 61800-2 Ed. 1.0 b:1998Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems -

Part 2: General requirements - Ratingspecifications for low voltage adjustable frequency

a.c. power drive systems"Applies to general purpose adjustable speed a.c. drive

systems which include power conversion, control equipment,and also an a.c. motor or motors. Excluded are tractional andelectrical vehicle drives. Applies to systems connected to line

voltages up to 1 kV a.c., 50 Hz or 60 Hz, and load sidefrequency up to 600 Hz."

IEC 61972 Ed. 1.0 b:2002Method for determining losses and efficiency of

three-phase cage induction motors"Establishes two methods for determination of efficiency:

Method 1: for motors tested by using a torque measurementdevice, with additional load losses derived from

measurements; Method 2: for motors tested without torquemeasurement, with assigned additional load losses. "

IEC 61986 Ed. 1.0 b:2002Rotating electrical machines - Equivalent loadingand super-position techniques - Indirect testing to

determine temperature rise"Applies to machines covered by IEC 60034-1 when they

cannot be loaded to a specific condition (rated or otherwise)for whatever reason. It is applicable to both motors and

generators but the methods are not suitable for machines ofand below 1 kW. Provides descriptions of various indirect load

tests, the purpose of which is to determine the temperaturerise of rotating electrical machines, including a.c. induction

machines, a.c. synchronous machines and d.c. machines. Thetest methods in some cases provide, in addition, a means ofmeasuring or estimating other parameters such as losses and

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vibration, but the methods are not designed specifically toprovide such data. "

IEC/TR 60785 Ed. 1.0 b:1984Rotating machines for electric road vehicles "Applies to rotating electrical machines (traction

motors andauxiliary motors) of electric road vehicles including hybrids,

which are fed from the main traction battery. Lays downgeneral rules for the design, installation and testing of traction

motors and auxiliary motors which are mounted on electricroad vehicles, and indicates the technical requirements and

testing conditions for them. Has the status of a technicalreport. "

IEC/TS 60034-17 Ed. 4.0 b:2006Rotating electrical machines - Part 17: Cageinduction motors when fed from converters -

Application guide"Deals with the steady-state operation of cage induction

motors within the scope of IEC 60034-12, when fed fromconverters. Covers the operation over the whole speed setting

range, but does not deal with starting or transientphenomena."

IEC/TS 60034-20-1 Ed. 1.0 b:2002Rotating electrical machines - Part 20-1: Control

motors - Stepping motorsGives the requirements for rotating control motors and

describes the appropriate tests. Also gives dimensions andmarking information and the details to be provided by the

manufacturer in associated data sheets and catalogues.Applicable to rotating stepping motors only.

IEC/TS 60034-25 Ed. 1.0 en:2004Rotating electrical machines - Part 25: Guide for

the design and performance of cage inductionmotors specifically designed for converter supply

Describes the design features and performance characteristicsof polyphase cage induction motors specifically designed foruse on voltage source converter supplies up to 1 000 V. Alsospecifies the interface parameters and interactions between

the motor and the converter including installation guidance aspart of a power drive system.

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IEC/TS 60349-3 Ed. 1.0 b:1995Electric traction - Rotating electrical machines forrail and road vehicles - Part 3: Determination of

the total losses of convertor-fed alternating currentmotors by summation of the component losses

Applies to machines complying with IEC 60349-2. Thispublication has the status of a Technical Report - type 2.

Indian Standards

Document Number Standard Title

Status

IS 996 : 1979 Single-phase small ac and universal electric motors ActiveIS 2968 : 1964 Dimensions of Slide Rails Electric Motors ActiveIS 9582 : Part 1 : 1980

Single-phase electric motors for definite purposes: Part 1 Domestic laundry machine motors Active

IS 14122 : 1994 Built in thermal protection for electric motors rated up to 660 V ac Active

IS 14582 : 1998 Single-phase small a.c. electric motors for centrifugal pumps for agricultural applications Active

Federal Mandate - Energy Efficiency

Except for definite purpose motors, special purpose motors, and those motors exempted by the Secretary under paragraph (2), each electric motor manufactured (alone or as a component of another piece of equipment) after the 60-month period beginning on October 24, 1992, or in the case of an electric motor which requires listing or certification by a nationally recognized safety testing laboratory, after the 84-month period beginning on October 24, 1992, shall have a nominal full load efficiency of not less than the following:

  Number of poles

Nominal Full-Load Efficiency

Open Motors

6 4 2 Closed Motors

6 4 2

Motor Horsepower1 80.0 82.5 80.0 82.5 75.51.5 84.0 84.0 82.5 85.5 84.0 82.52 85.5 84.0 84.0 86.5 84.0 84.0

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3 86.5 86.5 84.0 87.5 87.5 85.55 87.5 87.5 85.5 87.5 87.5 87.57.5 88.5 88.5 87.5 89.5 89.5 88.510 90.2 89.5 88.5 89.5 89.5 89.515 90.2 91.0 89.5 90.2 91.0 90.220 91.0 91.0 90.2 90.2 91.0 90.225 91.7 91.7 91.0 91.7 92.4 91.030 92.4 92.4 91.0 91.7 92.4 91.040 93.0 93.0 91.7 93.0 93.0 91.750 93.0 93.0 92.4 93.0 93.0 92.460 93.6 93.6 93.0 93.6 93.6 93.075 93.6 94.1 93.0 93.6 94.1 93.0100 94.1 94.1 93.0 94.1 94.5 93.6125 94.1 94.5 93.6 94.1 94.5 94.5150 94.5 95.0 93.6 95.0 95.0 94.5200 94.5 95.0 94.5 95.0 95.0 95.0

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Minimum Energy Performance Standard – Mandatory

Description

Minimum standards of energy efficiency for many major appliances were established by the U.S. Congress in the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) of 1987, and in the National Appliance Energy Conservation Amendments of 1988. Standards for some fluorescent and incandescent reflector lamps, plumbing products, electric motors, and commercial water heaters, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems were added in the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT). The US Department of Energy (DOE) is responsible for developing the standards and test procedures for the Appliance Standards Program as well as periodically issues new standards for specific appliances. The program covers all general purpose T-frame, single-speed, foot-mounting, polyphase squirrel-cage induction motor[s] of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association [NEMA] Design A and B, continuous rated, operating on 230/460 volts and constant 60 Hertz line power, in the capacity range 1 to 200 HP (0.746-150 kW).

MEPS Requirements

Different minimum nominal full-load efficiency levels are specified for 2, 4 and 6 pole motors and for enclosed and open designs (8 pole motors are not covered). The levels in Table below took effect in October 1997, after a 5 year lead time.

The product is required to be tested in accordance with Federal test procedures to meet mandated efficiency standards. This test procedures can be found in the current U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR, Title 10, Part 431 Appendix A, B, E, G).

Power Open Enclosed

HP 2-Pole 4-Pole 6-Pole1 75.5 82.5 80.01.5 82.5 84.0 84.02 84.0 84.0 85.53 85.5 86.5 86.55 87.5 87.5 87.57.5 88.5 88.5 88.510 89.5 89.5 90.215 90.2 91.0 90.220 91.0 91.0 91.725 91.0 91.7 92.430 91.7 92.4 93.040 92.4 93.0 92.450 93.0 93.0 93.060 93.0 93.6 93.075 93.0 94.1 93.6100 93.0 94.1 94.1

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125 93.6 94.5 94.1150 93.6 95.0 94.5175 94.5 95.0 94.5200 94.5 95 94.5

For more information on the Federal Mandate please refer to Section 6317 of the US CodeUS Code Title 42, Section 6317

Exemptions Sought

Not later than one year after October 24, 1992, a manufacturer seeking an exemption under this paragraph with respect to a type or class of electric motor developed on or before October 24, 1992, shall submit a petition to the Secretary requesting such exemption. Such petition shall include evidence that the type or class of motor meets the criteria for exemption specified in subparagraph (A).

Not later than two years after October 24, 1992, the Secretary shall rule on each petition for exemption submitted pursuant to subparagraph (B). In making such ruling, the Secretary shall afford an opportunity for public comment.

Manufacturers of types or classes of motors developed after October 24, 1992, to which standards under paragraph (1) would be applicable may petition the Secretary for exemptions from compliance with such standards based on the criteria specified in subparagraph (A).

Federal Energy Management Programme for Federal PurchasesFor more information on government procurement of motors refer:http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/electric-motors-draft-2.pdf

Electric motors have been categorized as FEMP designated products, which essentially means that Federal agencies are required by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-58) and Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) Subpart 23.2 to specify and buy ENERGY STAR®-qualified products or, in categories with no ENERGY STAR label, FEMP-designated products which are among the highest 25 percent of equivalent products for energy efficiency.

All measurements are in accordance with NEMA MG 1-1998, Motors and Generators, and IEEE 112 Test Method B. Motors which meet the required mandates are stamped with the following label:

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Test Procedures

Efficiency (Performance Standard) Test Procedure

With respect to electric motors to which standards are applicable under section 6313 of this title, the test procedures shall be the test procedures specified in NEMA Standards Publication MG1–1987 and IEEE Standard 112 Test Method B for motor efficiency, as in effect on October 24, 1992.

Compliance certification

A manufacturer or private labeler shall not distribute in commerce any basic model of an electric motor which is subject to an energy efficiency standard unless it has submitted to the Department a Compliance Certification certifying that the basic model meets the requirements of the applicable standard. The representations in the Compliance Certification must be based upon the basic model's energy efficiency Required contents: Each Compliance Certification must certify that:(i) The nominal full load efficiency for each basic model of electric motor distributed is not less than the minimum nominal full load efficiency required for that motor by section §431.42;(ii) All required determinations on which the Compliance Certification is based were made in compliance with the applicable requirements prescribed in subpart B of this part;

(a) In general It shall be unlawful— (1) for any manufacturer or private labeler to distribute in commerce any new covered product to which a rule under section 6294 of this title applies, unless such covered product is labeled in accordance with such rule; (2) for any manufacturer, distributor, retailer, or private labeler to remove from any new covered product or render illegible any label required to be provided with such product under a rule under section 6294 of this title; (3) for any manufacturer to fail to permit access to, or copying of, records required to be supplied under this part, or fail to make reports or provide other information required to be supplied under this part; (4) for any person to fail to comply with an applicable requirement of section 6296 (a), (b)(2), (b)(3), or (b)(5) of this title; or (5) for any manufacturer or private labeler to distribute in commerce any new covered product which is not in conformity with an applicable energy conservation standard established in or prescribed under this part.

(b) “New covered product” defined For purposes of this section, the term “new covered product” means a covered product the title of which has not passed to a purchaser who buys such product for purposes other than (1) reselling such product, or (2) leasing such product for a period in excess of one year.

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Penalty for Non Compliance

(a) In general Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, any person who knowingly violates any provision of section 6302 of this title shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $100 for each violation. Such penalties shall be assessed by the Commission, except that penalties for violations of section 6302 (a)(3) of this title which relate to requirements prescribed by the Secretary, violations of section 6302 (a)(4) of this title which relate to requests of the Secretary under section 6296 (b)(2) of this title, or violations of section 6302 (a)(5) of this title shall be assessed by the Secretary. Civil penalties assessed under this part may be compromised by the agency or officer authorized to assess the penalty, taking into account the nature and degree of the violation and the impact of the penalty upon a particular respondent. Each violation of paragraph (1), (2), or (5) of section 6302 (a) of this title shall constitute a separate violation with respect to each covered product, and each day of violation of section 6302 (a)(3) or (4) of this title shall constitute a separate violation. (b) “Knowingly” defined As used in subsection (a) of this section, the term “knowingly” means (1) the having of actual knowledge, or (2) the presumed having of knowledge deemed to be possessed by a reasonable man who acts in the circumstances, including knowledge obtainable upon the exercise of due care. (c) Special rule It shall be an unfair or deceptive act or practice in or affecting commerce (within the meaning of section 45 (a)(1) of title 15) for any person to violate section 6293 (c) of this title, except to the extent that such violation is prohibited under the provisions of section 6302 (a)(1) of this title, in which case such provisions shall apply. (d) Procedure for assessing penalty (1) Before issuing an order assessing a civil penalty against any person under this section, the Secretary shall provide to such person notice of the proposed penalty. Such notice shall inform such person of his opportunity to elect in writing within 30 days after the date of receipt of such notice to have the procedures of paragraph (3) (in lieu of those of paragraph (2)) apply with respect to such assessment. (2) (A) Unless an election is made within 30 calendar days after receipt of notice under paragraph (1) to have paragraph (3) apply with respect to such penalty, the Secretary shall assess the penalty, by order, after a determination of violation has been made on the record after an opportunity for an agency hearing pursuant to section 554 of title 5 before an administrative law judge appointed under section 3105 of such title 5. Such assessment order shall include the administrative law judge’s findings and the basis for such assessment. (B) Any person against whom a penalty is assessed under this paragraph may, within 60 calendar days after the date of the order of the Secretary assessing such penalty, institute an action in the United States court of appeals for the appropriate judicial circuit for judicial review of such order in accordance with chapter 7 of title 5. The court shall have jurisdiction to enter a judgment affirming, modifying, or setting aside in whole or in part, the order of the Secretary, or the court may remand the proceeding to the Secretary for such further action as the court may direct. (3)

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(A) In the case of any civil penalty with respect to which the procedures of this paragraph have been elected, the Secretary shall promptly assess such penalty, by order, after the date of the receipt of the notice under paragraph (1) of the proposed penalty. (B) If the civil penalty has not been paid within 60 calendar days after the assessment order has been made under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall institute an action in the appropriate district court of the United States for an order affirming the assessment of the civil penalty. The court shall have authority to review de novo the law and the facts involved, and shall have jurisdiction to enter a judgment enforcing, modifying, and enforcing as so modified, or setting aside in whole or in part, such assessment. (C) Any election to have this paragraph apply may not be revoked except with the consent of the Secretary. (4) If any person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty after it has become a final and unappealable order under paragraph (2), or after the appropriate district court has entered final judgment in favor of the Secretary under paragraph (3), the Secretary shall institute an action to recover the amount of such penalty in any appropriate district court of the United States. In such action, the validity and appropriateness of such final assessment order or judgment shall not be subject to review. (5) (A) Notwithstanding the provisions of title 28 or section 7192 (c) of this title, the Secretary shall be represented by the general counsel of the Department of Energy (or any attorney or attorneys within the Department of Energy designated by the Secretary) who shall supervise, conduct, and argue any civil litigation to which paragraph (3) of this subsection applies (including any related collection action under paragraph (4)) in a court of the United States or in any other court, except the Supreme Court. However, the Secretary or the general counsel shall consult with the Attorney General concerning such litigation, and the Attorney General shall provide, on request, such assistance in the conduct of such litigation as may be appropriate. (B) Subject to the provisions of section 7192 (c) of this title, the Secretary shall be represented by the Attorney General, or the Solicitor General, as appropriate, in actions under this subsection, except to the extent provided in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph. (C) Section 7172 (d) of this title shall not apply with respect to the functions of the Secretary under this subsection. (6) For purposes of applying the preceding provisions of this subsection in the case of the assessment of a penalty by the Commission for a violation of paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 6302 of this title, references in such provisions to “Secretary” and “Department of Energy” shall be considered to be references to the “Commission”.

Injunctive enforcement

The United States district courts shall have jurisdiction to restrain (1) any violation of section 6302 of this title and (2) any person from distributing in commerce any covered product which does not comply with an applicable rule under section 6294 or 6295 of this title. Any such action shall be brought by the Commission, except that any such action to restrain any violation of section 6302 (a)(3) of

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this title which relates to requirements prescribed by the Secretary, any violation of section 6302 (a)(4) of this title which relates to requests of the Secretary under section 6296 (b)(2) of this title, or any violation of section 6302 (a)(5) of this title shall be brought by the Secretary. Any such action may be brought in any United States district court for a district wherein any act, omission, or transaction constituting the violation occurred, or in such court for the district wherein the defendant is found or transacts business. In any action under this section, process may be served on a defendant in any other district in which the defendant resides or may be found.

Labeling Requirements

The labeling of any electric motor manufactured after the 12-month period beginning on the date the Secretary prescribes such labeling rules, shall— (1) indicate the energy efficiency of the motor on the permanent nameplate attached to such motor; (2) prominently display the energy efficiency of the motor in equipment catalogs and other material used to market the equipment; and (3) include such other markings as the Secretary determines necessary solely to facilitate enforcement of the standards established for electric motors under section 6313 of this title.

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Benefits of set standards22

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TESTING ---- OUTPUT OF ELECTRIC MOTORS

U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION LABORATORY METHODSCBPL METHOD 85-01

Determining the Output of Electric Motors

SAFETY STATEMENT

This CBPL Method cannot fully address safety issues that may arise from its use. The analyst is responsible for assessing potential safety issues associated with a given method at its point of use.

Before using this method, the analyst will consider all general laboratory safety precautions. In particular, the analyst will identify and implement suitable health and safety measures and will comply with all pertinent regulations.

METHOD UNCERTAINTY

The uncertainty of measurement for this method is specific to each laboratory.

0. INTRODUCTION

To properly classify an electric motor in Chapter 85 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS), it is necessary to determine the output rating of the motor in watts (W). Classification falls under one of several HTSUS numbers depending on the type of the motor (synchronous, a.c., d.c., universal a.c./d.c.) and the output rating of the motor in one of the following categories.

0.1 Of under 18.65 W.

0.2 Of 18.65 W or more but not exceeding 37.5 W.

0.3 Exceeding 37.5 W but not exceeding 74.6 W.

0.4 Exceeding 74.6 W but not exceeding 735 W.

0.5 Exceeding 735 W but under 746 W.

0.6 Of 746 W or more but not exceeding 750 W.

0.7 Exceeding 750 W but not exceeding 14.92 kilowatts (kW).

0.8 Exceeding 14.92 kW but not exceeding 75 kW.

0.9 Exceeding 75 kW but under 149.2 kW.

0.10 Of 149.2 kW or more but not exceeding 150 kW.

0.11 Exceeding 150 kW but not exceeding 373 kW.

0.12 Exceeding 373 kW but not exceeding 375 kW.

0.13 Of an output exceeding 375 kW.

1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF

APPLICATION

In the United States, electric motors, like any other motors, are usually rated in horsepower (hp). Fractions of a horsepower are most often used to designate the rating of small electric motors; however, millihorsepower

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(mhp) is sometimes used for rating subfractional horsepower motors, and subfractional horsepower motors may be rated in watts. Additional U.S. Note 1 to Chapter 85 states, "For the purpose of headings 8501 and 8503, 746 watts (W) is taken to be equivalent to 1 horsepower (hp)."

Some countries express power output in chevaux-vapeur (cv); one cv is equivalent to 735.5 W. Most of the tariff breakouts listed above are multiples of a horsepower, expressed in watts; a chevaux-vapeur, expressed in watts; or 750 W.

The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) publishes standards for output ratings of motors down to 1/20 hp. These standards should be followed, when applicable, in determining the output rating of motors of 37.3 W or greater.

As defined in Customs Internal Advices numbered 127-76 and 190-76 and affirmed in U.S. Court of International Trade Slip Op. 87-99 (2.4), for subfractional horsepower electric motors of less than 1/20 hp (37.3 W), the output rating is the maximum output the motor will produce for a period of 5 minutes during which the temperature of the motor does not increase to a value that causes permanent injury to the motor.

For d.c. motors of less than 37.3 W, the problem of determining the output rating of a particular motor is complicated by the common practice of using these types of motors at several different voltages and loads; the exact voltage and load used being determined by the characteristics of the motor and the particular application to be made of it by the end user. Therefore, for d.c. motors, the voltage and load, which produces the maximum output (as measured by a dynamometer) the motor will produce for a period of five minutes without causing thermal runaway, will be used to determine

the output rating of the particular motor in question.

For a.c. motors the problem of determining the output rating of a particular motor is somewhat simpler because it is not a common practice to use this type of motor at different voltages.

Generally, the voltage at which an a.c. motor has been designed to operate is stamped on the motor. Therefore, for the determination of the output rating of a particular motor under 37.3 W, only the load exerted on the motor shaft will be varied in order to determine the maximum output (using a dynamometer) the motor will produce for a period of five minutes during which the temperature of the motor does not increase to a value that causes permanent injury to the motor.

2. REFERENCES

This list is provided for general guidance and should not be considered exhaustive. The user is expected to seek current references pertaining to this method.

2.1 Anderson, E.P. and Miller, Rex. Electric Motors. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York. 1986.

2.2 Dynamometer Operating Instructions. Magtrol, Inc. Buffalo, New York.

2.3 Graham, K. C. Understanding and Servicing Fractional Horsepower Motors, American Technical Society. Chicago. 1972.

2.4 “International Components Corp., Plaintiff v. United States, Defendant.” U.S. Court of International Trade Slip Op. 87-99. Customs Bulletin and Decisions. Vol. 21, No. 38. September 23, 1987. Pp. 35 to 42.

2.5 Lloyd, Tom C. Electric Motors and Their Applications. Wiley-Interscience. New York. 1969.

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2.6 Veinott, C.G. and Martin, J.E. Fractional and Subfractional Horsepower Electric Motors. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. 1986.

3. APPARATUS

3.1 Hysteresis Brake Dynamometer. Magtrol Model HD-400-6 or equivalent.

3.2 Hysteresis Brake Power Supply. Magtrol Model 4637 or equivalent.

3.3 Torque and Speed Indicators. Magtrol Model 4605 C or equivalent.

3.4 Motor Couplings: Variable sizes available from Lord Manufacturing Co., Erie, Pa., or equivalent.

3.5 Motor Mounting Apparatus. It is recommended that the motor be secured to the dynamometer base plate via an appropriate device because any torque applied to the motor shaft is equally present on the motor frame. Figure 1 illustrates such an acceptable device.

3.6 D.C. Power Supply capable of producing 40 volts d.c. and a minimum of 30 amperes. Hewlett Packard model 6268 B or equivalent.

4. PROCEDURE

4.1 SCREENING TEST

4.1.1 Securely mount the motor with a suitable device so that the axis of the motor shaft is on a line with that of the dynamometer shaft. Alignment is critical, since either radial or angular misalignment may cause coupling losses. The mounting system must not thermally insulate the motor or interfere with designed ventilation.

In addition, it must not produce magnetic or electric distortions, and, insofar as possible, should not act as a heat sink.

4.1.2 Couple the motor to the dynamometer with a "soft" coupling. Type J-1211 couplings of various shaft diameters, available from Lord Manufacturing Co., are satisfactory. Do not couple the motor to the dynamometer with a metal sleeve or other rigid coupling. If the motor is properly aligned, the torque readout should read "0" when the motor shaft is rotated slowly.

4.1.3 Apply the specified voltage; if no voltage is specified by the manufacturer, apply a low d.c. voltage (e.g., 2 or 4 v.d.c.) or, for a.c. motors, the 110-volt line voltage.

4.1.4 Apply torque (Q) in integral ounce-inches. If the output of the motor is slightly under 18.65 W at a certain voltage and an integral ounce-inch value of Q, and if the output decreases or remains nearly constant when an additional ounce-inch of torque is applied, then it will be necessary to apply torque in increments of 0.1 ounce-inch to determine if there is an intermediate torque that will provide 18.65 W at that voltage. The output of the motor can be calculated in W using the following formula:

W = 746 x Q x N5252

WhereQ = torque in lb. ft.N = speed in RPM

Since the dynamometer used to measure the output of these small motors reads out in ounce inches rather than pound feet, the formula becomes:

W = 746 x Q x N5252 x 192

WhereQ = torque in oz. in.N = speed in RPM

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(A short table indicating the speed required to produce 18.65 W at various values of torque will be found on page 4.)

4.1.5 If the motor exceeds 18.65 W output, cool it to ambient temperature and proceed with the 5-minute test under the conditions established.

4.1.6 If motor stalls before reaching 18.65 W output, reduce the torque, cool the motor to ambient temperature, increase the voltage (in integral volts), and resume screening as noted in Section 4. Fractional voltage adjustments may be necessary as the output approaches 18.65 W.

4.2 If the motor insulation starts to burn or if the motor is otherwise damaged as a result of the test, report as not over 18.65 W. This procedure often results in the destruction of the motor, since small motors must be "pushed" to ever-higher outputs until they either attain 18.65 W or are destroyed in the attempt. Therefore, appropriate safety precautions should be observed to protect the operator of the dynamometer.

4.3 The procedural sequence is set forth schematically on the attached flowsheet (Figure 2).

5. FIVE-MINUTE TEST

5.1 Apply the voltage that produced an output greater than 18.65 W, as determined by the screening procedure.

5.2 Apply torque such that

746 x Q x N > 18.65 W,5252 x 192

as determined by the screening procedure.

5.3 Record the speed at time zero, begin the five-minute test period, and record the rpm at one-minute intervals thereafter for five minutes.

5.4 If the speed:

5.4.1 drops such that

746 x Q x N < 18.65 W,5252 x 192

terminate the test and:

5.4.1.1 if the motor still works, rescreen, or

5.4.1.2 if motor is permanently damaged, report as less than 18.65 W.

5.4.2 is maintained such that

746 x Q x N > 18.65 W,5252 x 192

and the motor is:

5.4.2.1 permanently damaged, report as less than 18.65 W

5.4.2.2 not permanently damaged, reportas over 18.65 W.

5.5 The procedural sequence is set forth schematically in a flowsheet, Figure 3.

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Speed and Torque Requiredto Produce 18.65 W

IF THE TORQUE(OZ. IN.) IS:

THE SPEED (RPM) FOR 18.65 W OUTPUT MUST

BE:1.0 25,2101.5 16,8082.0 12,6062.5 10,0843.0 8,4033.5 7,2034.0 6,3024.5 5,6025.0 5,0426.0 4,2027.0 3,6018.0 3,1529.0 2,801

10.0 2,52112.5 2,01715.0 1,68117.5 1,44120.0 1,26025.0 1,008

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Figure 1. Motor Mounting Apparatus.

850140

Single Phase Induction Motors:

IEC 60034-2 Ed. 3.0 b:1972Rotating electrical machines. Part 2: Methods for determining losses and efficiency of

rotating electrical machinery from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) "Applies to d.c. machines and to a.c. synchronous and induction machines. The principles

can be applied to other types of machines such as rotary converters, a.c. commutator motors and single-phase induction motors for which other methods of determining losses

are used. "

Acronyms

Acronym: API (Organization)Developer Name: American Petroleum Institute

Acronym: EASADeveloper Name: Electrical Apparatus Service Association

Acronym: IEEEDeveloper Name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Acronym: NEMA (ASC C119)Developer Name: National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Acronym: NFPADeveloper Name: National Fire Protection Association

Acronym: ULDeveloper Name: Underwriters Laboratories, Inc

Acronym: ASTMDeveloper Name: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM),