electric buses: everything is changing - oradea.ro ro_solaris_electric... · 2 1. solaris zero...
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Solaris Bus & Coach
Electric Buses: Everything is Changing
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1. Solaris Zero Emission bus philosophy
Solaris with the suppliers has a proper knowledge and experience, which allows to built the electric bus with specific Client’s requirements
1499 vehicles with electric drivetrain (including production in progress)
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Inowrocław Berlin
Düsseldorf
Oberhausen
Warszawa
Battery buses charged by pantograph or induction
Battery buses with fuel cell range extender
Cagliari
Castellón de la Plana
Eberswalde
Esslingen am Neckar
Gdynia
Landskrona
Lublin
Roma
Includes long-term trials and orders.
Ostrava Kraków
Västerås
Jaworzno
Ostrołęka
Klagenfurt
Braunschweig
Plzep
Hamburg
Dresden
Hannover
Paris
Barcelona
Battery buses charged by cable and plug
Zero-emission buses with in-motion charging
Tampere
Solaris is a partner in the European Union‘s ZeEUS and ELIPTIC projects
1. Solaris Zero Emission bus philosophy
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For Solaris electric buses are:
Hybrid buses
Plug-in hybrid buses
Trolleybuses
Hybrid trolleybuses
Battery electric buses
Overnight charging
Conductive charging
Inductive charging
Range extension with fuel cells
1. Solaris Zero Emission bus philosophy
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To drive electric we need:
electric bus
charging infrastructure
Solaris is ready to supply both
2. Solaris Urbino Electric – general information
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Low-floor city bus with electric drive Zero-emission vehicles Modular drive technology Different ways of battery charge
Solaris Urbino electric
2. Solaris Urbino Electric – general information
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ERGONOMIC DISTRIBUTION OF ROOF
EQUIPMENT: AIR-CONDITIONING AND
BATTERIES
CHARGING SYSTEMS:
plug-in
pantograph
induction
fuel cell
NEW CONSTRUCTION FOR ADDED
STRENGHT AND REDUCED WEIGHT
BATTERIES:
High Energy: 80, 160, 200, 240 kWh
High Power: 50, 75, 100, 125 kWh
Inductive charging: 60, 90, 120 kWh
• ELECTRIC PORTAL AXLE
• CENTRAL MOTOR
LIGHTWEIGHT ELEMENTS OF SIDE
PANELLING SCREWED ON PLACE
NEW EDGE DESIGN
SPACIOUS AND INVITING INTERIOR
ERGONOMIC DRIVER’S
CABIN WITH INNOVATIVE
TOUCHSCREEN
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Urbino Electric is available in most popular bus lengths:
Midibus (8.9 metres, low entry)
Standard bus (12 metres, low floor)
Articulated bus (18 metres, low floor)
2. Solaris Urbino Electric – general information
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nE12
Traction batteries
Traction container
Pantograph
Resistor
2. Solaris Urbino Electric – general information
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Battery specification
Cell
Pack
8 modules
Module
Traction batteries
2–6 packs
3. Solaris Urbino Electric – battery solutions
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Charging power possibilities
2-5 batteries 50–125 kWh
LFP
2-6 batteries 80–240 kWh
LTO
Max charging power
DC
240 kW
200 kW
160 kW
120 kW
80 kW
pantograph
Max charging power
DC
450 kW
400 kW
300 kW
200 kW
3. Solaris Urbino Electric – battery solutions
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Charging power possibilities
2-5 batteries 50–125 kWh
LFP
2-6 batteries 80–240 kWh
LTO
Max charging power
DC
80 kW
40 kW
20 kW
plug-in
SBC Standard
AC DC
3. Solaris Urbino Electric – battery solutions
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1 kWh ~10 ÷ 20 kg
Traction battery weight
3. Solaris Urbino Electric – battery solutions
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DepoCharger
High Energy batteries
High Power batteries
DepoCharger
CityCharger
LowPower
LowPower
HighPower
large battery packs = less passengers
small battery packs = more pasengers
3. Solaris Urbino Electric – battery solutions
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• Solaris in cooperation with group of European bus producers and charging infrastructure suppliers have agreed to make universal charging systems
• Main aim of the project is guarantee the open charging interface for the electric vehicles and create universal and reliable system for chargers and buses from different manufacturers. PLUG-IN
PANTOGRAPH
Open charging infrastructure
4. Solaris Urbino Electric - avaiable charging solutions
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Plug-in Pantograf Induction
16 – 80 kW CCS up to 450 kW 200 kW
Simple Low cost Requires handling Slow / fast charging
Automatic operation Resonable cost Quite simple solution Other opt. possible
Automatic operation Contactless Most expensive Other opt. possible
4. Solaris Urbino Electric - avaiable charging solutions
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PLUG IN E BUS CHARGERS
AC
DC
DC/AC
DC-S DC-M DC-F CC-M CC-F CC-UF.4
AC
DC
DepoChargers CityChargers
*- The average charging time of 125 kWh LTO (battery efficiency not included)
The average
charging time :
Effective
output power 20 kW 40 kW 80 kW 200 kW 300 kW 450 kW
6 h 3 h 1.5 h 40 min 25 min 16 min
4. Solaris Urbino Electric - avaiable charging solutions
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E-BUS CHARGERS
DC-S DC-M DC-F CC-M CC-F CC-UF.4
*- The average charging time of 125 kWh LTO (battery efficiency not included)
The average charging time :
Effective output power
20 kW 40 kW 80 kW 200 kW 300 kW 450 kW
6 h 3 h 1.5 h 40 min 25 min 16 min
~20 km* ~30 km* ~45 km*
10min
4. Solaris Urbino Electric - avaiable charging solutions
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DepoCharger
0-100% SOC
8,8 h
0-100% SOC
4,5 h
0-100% SOC
2,3 h
160 kWh
160 kWh
160 kWh
32 A*
63 A*
125 A*
Fuse
32 A
Fuse
63 A
Fuse
125 A
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
DepoCharger-Slow
DepoCharger-Medium
DepoCharger-Fast
COMBO**
**CCS 125 A - IEC 61851-23, IEC 61851-24, IEC 62196-3
COMBO**
COMBO**
Power grid side Bus side
*3P+N+PE, 3x400 V AC 50 Hz
4. Solaris Urbino Electric - avaiable charging solutions
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Power grid side Bus side
47,15 km* 10 min
Fuse
630 A
AC
DC
contact hood** . CityCharger-UltraFast
plug-in optional
* 1,2 kWh/km
** IEC 61851-23, IEC 61851-24, IEC 62196-3
City Charger
4. Solaris Urbino Electric - avaiable charging solutions
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City Charger
CHARGER
CONTACT HOOD
4. Solaris Urbino Electric - avaiable charging solutions
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Energy consumption of traction & accessories depending on the temperature - theoretical calculation data
Temp [°C]
Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Low Voltage, High Voltage
traction
accessories
5. Electric Bus operation environment
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Weather conditions
5. Electric Bus operation environment
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100 000 citizens
0x 60x
8,4 GWh/year
Energy demand - city
(70 000 km/year x 2 kWh/km x 60 units)
(1,68% of 500 GWh)
Annual energy demand
1,5 ÷ 4 h 60x
50 kW
(60 units x 50 kW)
(5,3% of 57 077 kW)
Average power demand
500 GWh/year
57 077 kW
100 000 population 60x
3 000 kW
24x
(24 units x 450 kW x 0,5 (simultaneity
factor)
57 077 kW
100 000 population
450 kW
<10 min
60x
5 400 kW (9,5% of 57 077 kW)
- power supply availability
- local permanent power supply
possibilities
6. Electric Bus – energy demand
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What are the components of the route profile?
• line topography,
• single route length,
• average commercial speed,
• average / median distance between the stops
• Google Maps route.
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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Why Google Maps route or GPS coordinates are useful?
While we have bus route in Google Maps or with GPS coordinates, we can analyze the line more accurately.
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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What do we understand as charging possibilities?
As charging possibilities we understand:
• preferred and possible charging methods (pantograph/plug-in/induction)
• preferred and possible charging points (i.e. in the city – locations, in the depot only)
• available power supply(-ies) and voltage
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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What is single charge range?
Single charge range – it is a distance bus can cover on one charge when is fully charged
Single charge range depends on weather conditions (including ambient temperature), route profile and battery state of health
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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Single charge range determines a emergency
drive possiblity without any significant impact on
the schedule in case of charger fault for several
number of courses
Why single charge range is important even for opportunity charging?
city
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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Long single charge range requires a significant amount of the energy.
What does Bus Operator has to consider?
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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Driving electric vehicle is almost the same as in standard Diesel bus, however driving style has a great impact on vehicle’s range. It is necessary to learn how to drive efficiently (so called eco-driving) and how to use regenerative braking.
Maintenance training on electric buses is extremely important – they are not more complicated, they are slightly different, specially propulsion part.
Is there special training required for drivers and mechanics?
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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What are the benefits of operating electric buses?
• zero-emission in operation area for the people and the environment
• more ecomomical to operate
• electric buses are operating on domestic energy sources
• significantly reduced strong vibrations
• strongly reduced noise
• constant, high torque available from the start
• high efficency components
• LCC is very competitive to standard Diesel bus for the proper dedicated configuration for the specific conditions
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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We use following lithium-ion batteries in our buses:
• LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) – recommended for overnight charging or opportunity charging with long single charge range
• LTO (Lithium Titanite Oxide) – recommended for fast-opportunity charging and high daily mileages
What types of the batteries do we use in our buses?
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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Bus will not be able to continue its operation.
What happens if bus runs out of energy before returning home?
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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Battery packs are connected in parallel – bus can still run if of battery packs fail (minimum 2 packs required). In standard solution we can offer up to 4 battery packs for E8.9 or up to 6 battery packs for E12 or E18.
What is configuration of the batteries?
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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Solaris produces batteries in close cooperation with the same, experienced partners, which assures high quality at the cell and pack levels.
What is the quality of the batteries?
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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As a cycle we define full charge and discharge. Unfortunately it is impossible to achieve full cycle in real-world conditions.
What is the battery cycle?
BA
TT
ER
Y
CU
RR
EN
T
TIME
WARRANTY CYCLE
@25⁰C ambient
BA
TT
ER
Y
CU
RR
EN
T
TIME
REAL DRIVE CYCLE
@-20 - +30⁰C ambient
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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Lithium-ion batteries offered by Solaris have a significantly longer lifetime than acid or NiMH batteries. In standard, European conditions we expect:
- 3 300 warranty cycles for LFP batteries
- 5 years for LTO batteries, regardless no. of cycles
How long do batteries last?
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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• earth and control connection
• high safety
• high energy transfer possible
• active vertical & horizontal movement of pantograph arm & head
• fixed contact funnel
Why do we recommend 5-pole pantograph?
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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In standard configuration our buses can go up to 80 km/h
How fast can an electric bus go?
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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Electric buses do not have a transmission, acceleration is very smooth. Maximum, constant torque is avaialble from the start.
Do electric buses have a transmission?
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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Regenerative braking is one of the best and unique things in electric vehicles. While vehicle is slowing down, motor turns into generator, adding electricity to the battery. Sudden stopping reduces or eliminates energy generation, however slowing down gradually helps to retreive a noticeable amount of the energy and increase the brake life.
What is regenerative breaking?
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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Yes, electric bus can operate up hills, however operation is limited by a steep grade (as well as in Diesel buses). It has to be considered the terrain has a significant impact on range of the vehicle as well as lifetime of the batteries.
Can electric buses operate up hills?
7. Frequently Asked Questions
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Hannover, Germany
3 Urbino 12 electric with pantograph opportunity charging
Medcom power electronics ▪ Schunk pantograph charging system 125 kWh batteries ▪ ZF electric drive axle
üstra routes 100/200 inner-city circular services
Architectural integration of charging mast in cityscape
125 kWh lithium-titanite batteries for rapid recharge with up to 450 kW charging power
Project partners üstra Hannoversche Verkehrsbetriebe ▪ Region Hannover ▪ Enercity Contracting
Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Environment as part of the Erneuerbar mobil programme
8. Solaris Urbino Electric – selected projects
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Barcelona, Spain
2 Urbino 18 electric with pantograph opportunity charging
Medcom power electronics ▪ Schunk pantograph charging system 125 kWh batteries ▪ central motor
TMB core route as part of operator‘s high-frequency network
125 kWh lithium-titanite batteries for rapid recharge with 400 kW charging power
Project partners Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona ▪ Endesa ▪ Enide Solutions ▪ Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya ▪ Idiada Automotive Technology ▪ Grupo Mecanica del Vuelo Sistemas
Co-funded by European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport under the 7th Research & Innovation Framework Programme as part of the ZeEUS project, led by UITP
8. Solaris Urbino Electric – selected projects
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Dresden, Germany
1 Urbino 12 electric with pantograph opportunity charging
Medcom power electronics ▪ Schunk pantograph charging system 200 kWh batteries ▪ ZF electric drive axle
DVB route 79 Mickten – Übigau
Short, 5.2 km route with one opportunity charging point
Focus on proof of charging technology reliability
Project partners Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe ▪ Dresden University of Technology
Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure as part of the Schaufenster Elektromobilität programme
8. Solaris Urbino Electric – selected projects
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Oberhausen, Germany
2 Urbino 12 electric with pantograph opportunity charging
Medcom power electronics ▪ Schunk pantograph charging system 200 kWh batteries ▪ ZF electric drive axle
STOAG routes 962 (Sterkrade – Kleekamp) & 966 (Sterkrade – central station)
Key focus on electricity supply to charging stations
Charging stations fed from substation (at Sterkrade Neumarkt) and directly from tram catenary (at Sterkrade station)
Project partners Stadtwerke Oberhausen ▪ Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr ▪ RWTH Aachen University
Co-funded by Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr
Supported by European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport under Horizon 2020 as part of the ELIPTIC project, led by Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
8. Solaris Urbino Electric – selected projects
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Jaworzno, Poland
1 Urbino 12 electric with pantograph opportunity charging
Medcom power electronics ▪ Schunk pantograph charging system 160 kWh batteries ▪ central motor
PKM route 313 Osiedle Stałe – Bory Hetmaoska and other services
First electric bus purchased by a Polish operator
Operated on various services to test suitability for fleet conversion
Project partners Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Miejskiej w Jaworznie ▪ Urząd Miejski w Jaworznie
8. Solaris Urbino Electric – selected projects
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Ostrołęka, Poland
2 Urbino 8.9 LE electric
Medcom power electronics 160 kWh batteries ▪ central motor
MZK route 4 (Osiedle Sienkiewicza – Centrum – Wojciechowice) and other local services
Midibuses for flexible operation on urban services in medium-sized town (population 53,000)
Project partner Miejski Zakład Komunikacji w Ostrołęce
Co-funded by European Union under the European Regional Development Fund as part of the Masovian Voivodeship regional operational programme
8. Solaris Urbino Electric – selected projects
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Västerås, Sweden
1 Urbino 12 electric with biogas auxiliary heating
Medcom power electronics 160 kWh batteries ▪ central motor
Västerås Lokaltrafik route 4 Brottberga – Centrum – Finnslätten
Traction batteries charged by cable and plug in depot
Auxiliary heating fuelled with compressed biogas to maintain operational range in cold winter conditions
Combination of renewable electricity and second-generation biogas makes bus effectively carbon-neutral
Project partners Västerås Lokaltrafik ▪ Sweco Environment ▪ Biogas Öst
Co-funded by European Union under the European Regional Development Fund as part of the More Baltic Biogas Bus project
8. Solaris Urbino Electric – selected projects
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Warsaw, Poland
10 Urbino 12 electric
Medcom power electronics ▪ prepared for pantograph charging system ▪ over 200 kWh batteries ▪ central motor
ZTM/MZA routes 168 (Mokotów – Witolin) & 222 (Mokotów – Old Town via Royal Route)
Largest fleet of electric buses in Central Europe
Initially charged by plug and cable, with provision for retrofit of pantograph charging system
Project partners Miejskie Zakłady Autobusowe w Warszawie ▪ Warsaw Public Transport Authority ▪ Warsaw University of Technology ▪ Automotive Industry Institute ▪ RWE Stoen Operator
Co-funded by European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport under the 7th Research & Innovation Framework Programme as part of the ZeEUS project, led by UITP
8. Solaris Urbino Electric – selected projects
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Hamburg, Germany
2 Urbino 18.75 electric with fuel cell range extender
Vossloh Kiepe power electronics ▪ Ballard fuel cells 120 kWh batteries ▪ central motor
Hochbahn Innovation Line 109 Central station – Rathausmarkt – Alsterdorf
Fuel cells augment batteries for all-day zero-emission operation
Recharging and refuelling only in depot
Project partner Hamburger Hochbahn
Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure as part of the National Innovation Programme Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology, administered by NOW
Supported by Clean Energy Partnership
8. Solaris Urbino Electric – selected projects
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Berlin, Germany
4 Urbino 12 electric with inductive opportunity charging
Vossloh Kiepe power electronics ▪ Bombardier Primove charging system ▪ 90 kWh batteries ▪ central motor
BVG route 204 Zoologischer Garten station – Südkreuz station
First inductively-charged bus route in a European capital
Dedicated website at www.e-bus.berlin with live map tracking and live environmental balance
Project partners Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe ▪ Technical University of Berlin ▪ Bombardier Transportation ▪ Vossloh Kiepe
Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure as part of the Schaufenster Elektromobilität programme
Supported by Berlin Agency for Electromobility
8. Solaris Urbino Electric – selected projects
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Braunschweig, Germany
1 Urbino 12 electric & 4 Urbino 18 electric with inductive opportunity charging
Vossloh Kiepe ▪ Bombardier ▪ 60/90 kWh batteries ▪ central motor
Braunschweiger Verkehrs-GmbH routes M19/M29 circular services from Braunschweig central station
12 km route length ▪ 26 stops ▪ 18 km/h average speed
Charging stations also used by passenger cars
Project partners Braunschweiger Verkehrs-GmbH ▪ BS|ENERGY ▪ Technical University of Braunschweig ▪ Bombardier Transportation
Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure as an associated project of the Schaufenster Elektromobilität programme
8. Solaris Urbino Electric – selected projects
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International projects
ZeEUS
• ZeEUS project focus on the today's challenge in the electrification of bus system, the extension of the fully-electric solution to a wider part of the urban network.
• This goes through the development of electric vehicles of large capacity, and the creation of an infrastructure capable of providing the required charging energy, operated according to non-disruptive and grid-balancing principles.
• The ZeEUS project will cover innovative electric bus solutions with different types of electrical power-train systems.
8. Solaris Urbino Electric – selected projects
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Emerald
Project purpose: EMERALD focuses on energy use optimisation and on the seamless integration of the FEV into the transport and energy infrastructure, by delivering clear advances over the state-of-the-art.
EMERALD will introduce Integrated in-vehicle energy management, comprising: Dynamic energy-driven management of FEV auxiliaries, Energy-efficient long-range route planning and optimisation, Performance-centric machine learning for consumption prediction, User-centric charge and discharge management,
Solaris contribution to the Project concerns primarily participation in testing EMERALD functional system
8. Solaris Urbino Electric – selected projects
International projects
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Thank you for your attention!