Election ResultsElection Results

By 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted By 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted for Wilson than had voted for Bryan in for Wilson than had voted for Bryan in 1908.1908.

The 1912 election marked the apogee of The 1912 election marked the apogee of the Socialist movement in America.the Socialist movement in America.

Oh, That ThisToo, Too

Solid SouthWould Melt!

Oh, That ThisToo, Too

Solid SouthWould Melt!

GOP Divided by Bull Moose

Equals Democratic Victory!

GOP Divided by Bull Moose

Equals Democratic Victory!

On Uncle Sam’s FarmOn Uncle Sam’s Farm

The Democratic party took control of The Democratic party took control of the Senate for the first time in 20 the Senate for the first time in 20 years.years.

Woodrow Wilson

He planned his attack on what he called the “triple wall of privilege”:

trusts, tariffs, and high finance

Small business, free market good

Big business, monopoly bad

First order of business:

financial reform

Only 2nd Democrat elected since Civil War and 1st southerner since Gen. Zachary Taylor

As America’s newly elected president, Wilson moved to enact his program, the “New Freedom”

Wilson’s Financial ReformsGoing after big business

The Clayton Anti-trust Act 1914

(made unions and strikes legal)

•strengthened the Sherman Act•The Clayton Act prevented companies from acquiring stock from another company (Anti-monopoly)

Policing business regulations :

Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 1914“watchdog” agency to end unfair

business practices

Reducing the power of big business: The Underwood Act 1913 (reduced tariffs)

and increased progressive income tax

Wilson’s Financial Reforms Managing money better

Replacing lost tariff revenue:

Federal Income Tax 1913

Ratified in 1913, the 16th Amendment

legalized a graduated federal income tax

Making money supply responsive to

the economy: Federal Reserve

Act of 1914

12 district banks & Fed. Reserve

Board regulate $ supply

Other Reforms

1.1. Federal Farm Loan Act (1916) 12 Federal Farm Loan Act (1916) 12 regional farm loan banks to provide regional farm loan banks to provide low interest loans for farmerslow interest loans for farmers

2.2. Keating-Owen (Child Labor) Act Keating-Owen (Child Labor) Act (1916) prohibited interstate (1916) prohibited interstate commerce of products produced by commerce of products produced by child laborchild labor

- - Hammer v. DagenhartHammer v. Dagenhart (1918) (1918) ruled unconstitutionalruled unconstitutional

Where Progressivism failed to go… Civil Rights

Wilson had promised to oppose lynching and support

equal treatment for blacks

Once elected, he opposed federal anti-lynching laws, allowed

federal offices to segregate, and filled his cabinet with segregation

supporters

LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISM

• "The white men were roused by a mere instinct of self-preservation ... until at last there had sprung into existence a great Ku Klux Klan, a veritable empire of the South, to protect the Southern country.” -

Woodrow Wilson

The KKK reached a membership of 4.5 million in the 1920s

TWO THUMBS UP? ”It is like writing history with lightning. And my only regret is that it is all so terribly true.”

- President Woodrow Wilson

What was the #1 Box Office Movie in 1915?

Approaches to Civil Rights1. Booker T. Washington - Up From Slavery - “Atlanta Compromise”- -

focus on jobs skills and wages

- Tuskegee Institute2. W.E.B. Du Bois - equality

now - The Souls of Black Folk

(1903) - Niagara Movement (1905) - “Talented Tenth” - NAACP (1908)• National Urban League -

1911 to aid Great Migration Migrants to North

WilsonWilson’’s s ““Moral Moral DiplomacyDiplomacy””

WilsonWilson’’s s ““Moral Moral DiplomacyDiplomacy””

William Jennings William Jennings Bryan Secretary of Bryan Secretary of StateState

The U. S. shouldThe U. S. shouldbe the consciencebe the conscienceof the world.of the world.

Spread Spread democracy.democracy.

Promote peace.Promote peace.

Condemn Condemn colonialism.colonialism.

Respect self-Respect self-determinationdetermination

Moral Diplomacy - Righting Past Wrongs

1. The Philippines: Jones Act of 1917 granted full territorial status, bill of rights, and universal male suffrage, promised independence “soon” (1946)

2. Puerto Rico: granted citizenship to Puerto Ricans & removed tariff

3. Panama Canal: U.S. ships no longer exempt from canal tolls

The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910s

The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910sEmiliano

ZapataEmiliano Zapata

Francisco I Madero

Francisco I Madero

Venustiano Carranza

Venustiano Carranza

Porfirio Diaz

Porfirio Diaz

Pancho Villa

Pancho Villa

Searching for Searching for BanditosBanditosSearching for Searching for BanditosBanditos

General John J. PershingGeneral John J. Pershing with with PanchoPanchoVillaVilla in 1914. in 1914.

U. S. Global Investments &U. S. Global Investments &Investments in Latin America, Investments in Latin America,

19141914

U. S. Global Investments &U. S. Global Investments &Investments in Latin America, Investments in Latin America,

19141914

U. S. Interventions in U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920sLatin America: 1898-1920s

U. S. Interventions in U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920sLatin America: 1898-1920s

Civil Rights showed the limitations of Progressivism

World War I brought it to an end