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Romania | Energy profile, May 2018
The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the
authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.
Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any
use that may be made of the information contained therein
Energy efficiency trends and policies
Overview
In 2015, the final energy consumption in Romania was close to 22 Mtoe, with 7.2% smaller than the final energy
consumption in 2000. The residential sector, the largest consuming sector, recorded 6% decrease in its share of
the total final energy consumption since 2000 – from 42 % to 36 %. The second largest consumer, industry
recorded 11% decrease in its share of total final energy consumption, from 38% to 27%. From 2000 to 2015, the
services and transport sectors had the same evolution. The share in the total energy consumption increases with
6% and 11%. In 2015 the consumption in agriculture was slightly above its 2000 level, 15 %.
Figure 1: Final energy consumption by sector (normal climate)
Source: ODYSSEE
Energy efficiency for final consumers, as measured by ODEX, improved by an average of 2,5%/year. In industry
and residential sectors, the pace of energy efficiency improvements has been steady (3.3 %/year for industry and
3.2%/year for residential). In the residential sector, this trend can be explained by the introduction of the
regulations affecting appliances and buildings.The transport had a rapid progress with 6,1% /year in the 2000-
2006, and a stability afterwards. The services sector did not have a real progress and ODEX had a constant and
invariable value.
Figure 2: Technical Energy Efficiency Index
Romania | Energy profile, May 2018
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authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.
Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any
use that may be made of the information contained therein
Source: ODYSSEE
According to EU obligations Romania has set a national indicative target of 19% for reducing energy consumption
by 2020. The National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency-III for 2014-2020 was approved by GD122/2015. It provide
measures similar to those included in the previous plans. Romania’s indicative energy efficiency target is to
achieve primary energy savings of 10 Mtoe by 2020. The envisioned 19% reduction corresponds approximately to
a target of 42.99 Mtoe primary energy consumption and 30.32 Mtoe of final energy consumption. The Law on
Energy Efficiency no. 121/2014 transpose EU Directive 27/2012 on Energy Efficiency into national legislation. The
main purpose of the law is to establish a coherent legislative framework for the development and
implementation of national energy efficiency policy in order to achieve the national target. The Romanian Energy
Regulatory Authority (ANRE) is responsible for transposing the provisions of this law into secondary legislation.
Accordingly to that, ANRE established the Department for Energy Efficiency within ANRE (order no. 95/2014).
Primary energy in 2012 was 34.8 Mtoe 20% lower than the 2020 target, the final energy consumption was 25%
lower than the target. This indicate that the measures of the NEEAPs contributed to reductions of primary and
final energy consumption.
Table 1: Sample of cross-cutting measures
Measures NEEAP
measures
Description Expected
savings,
impact
evaluation
More
information
available
Promotion of high
efficiency
cogeneration
yes Promotion of high efficiency cogeneration
represents a key measure in reducing primary
energy consumption. Cogeneration was largely
promoted in Romania during the period of
centralized economy with the technology and
equipment available in those times. Systems of
large district heating were accomplished in many of
the cities in the country in order to feed the blocks
of flats with heat. At present most of them are
highly worn. The Romanian Energy Regulatory
Authority (ANRE) issued the secondary legislation
necessary to apply this document. As a
consequence, Romania effectively applies the
support scheme that foresees bonuses for the
electricity produced in these plants. In the same
time, Romania promotes producing electric power
from renewable sources of energy (including
biomass) by applying the mechanism of the
mandatory quotas combined with the transaction
of the green certificates. Those who generate
electric power from biomass within high efficiency
cogeneration plants may select one of the two
support schemes mentioned above.
Medium Link
EU-related: Energy
End-use Efficiency
yes Energy Efficiency Law no. 121 was published in the
Official Gazette dated 1 August 2014. Until 2020,
High Link
Romania | Energy profile, May 2018
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authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.
Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any
use that may be made of the information contained therein
and Energy Services
ESD (Directive
2006/32/EC) - Law
on Energy Efficiency
Use
the new law requires a national mobilization for
achieving the target of reducing energy
consumption by 20%. National policy for energy
efficiency is part of the energy policy of the state,
and improving energy efficiency is considered a
strategic objective because of the major
contribution to the achievement of security of
supply, sustainability and competitiveness of
energy savings and reduction of GSG. This is one of
ANRE`s responsibilities, through the Energy
Efficiency Department, coordinated by a vice-
President of ANRE.
Information
campaigns
regarding
improvement
energy efficiency
yes ANRE has a key role in informing and motivating
consumers and concerns itself with focusing energy
consumers on necessities and possibilities to
reduce the energy consumption. Since November
2014, based on Energy Efficiency Law no. 121/2014,
an Office for consumers’ information and
motivation shall operate within ANRE, and its main
purpose shall be to develop consumers’
information, motivation and awareness programs,
that will lead to using energy efficiency
technologies and reducing final users’ energy
consumption. Consumers’ information programs
are vital in order to efficiently implement policies
and measures using proper technical and financial
resources. Promotion on ANRE web page,
publications, workshops, seminars all around the
country, within all the territorial offices of ANRE,
webinar for all involved factors shall be the main
tools of this office. Case studies related to energy
efficiency projects, the results of some projects
cofinanced by the Intelligent Energy Europe
Program were, are and shall be disseminated on
ANRE web page and within meetings with
consumers.
Medium Link
Source: MURE
Buildings
In the 2000-2015 period, energy consumption of residential per dwelling decreased from 1.4 to 0.37 koe/dw,
which means 1.76 %/ year. The decrease rate was higher in the first year by 16%. This trend can be explained by
the increasing sales of energy-efficient equipment and increasing of the number of dwellings after 2000. In 2000-
2011 period, energy consumption of space heating per m2 decreased by 40.6%. The drop rate was high, namely
3.7 koe/year. This variation is due to the increase in the number of temporarily inhabited holiday homes and to
the energy efficiency measures implemented through the renovation of the old dwellings.
Romania | Energy profile, May 2018
The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the
authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.
Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any
use that may be made of the information contained therein
Figure 3: Energy consumption of space heating per m2
Source: ODYSSEE
In 2000, on average, 53% of the total energy consumed in the home accounted for cooking, 33% for water
heating and 14% for electrical appliances.The consumption of electrical appliances relative to the number of
dwellings has been increasing with 45.5%, this is explained by the increasing of number of electrical appliances.
The energy consumption for cooking relative to the number of dwellings was constant in the same period, 0.3
toe/dw.
Figure 5: Main drivers of the energy consumption variation in households
Source: ODYSSEE
The final energy consumption of residential buildings was lower by 2.05 Mtoe in 2015 than in 2000. Two main
factors contributed to the increase energy consumption over the period – more dwellings (by 0.58 Mtoe),
lifestyle (3.1 Mtoe - “larger homes”) The energy savings (4.31 Mtoe) explain the drop of the final energy
consumption offsetting growth.
Romania | Energy profile, May 2018
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authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.
Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any
use that may be made of the information contained therein
Figure 6: Energy and electricity consumption per employee (normal climate)
Source: ODYSSEE
Table 2: Sample of policies and measures implemented in the building sector
Measures Description Expected
savings,
impact
evaluation
More
information
available
Energy Performance
of Buildings
(Directive
2002/91/EC) -
Energy Performance
of existing Buildings-
obligatory energy
efficiency
certificates
For the first step, the owner must find an energy auditor
than can be legal entity or independent person. The role of
energy auditor is to make a technical building expertise and
to prepare a energy report of building. Technical expertise
consists of the measurement of areas of the building,
control building envelope, examination of bills and more.
The price of certificate for energy varies depending on the
building area, 1-4 Euro/m2 . Also, the price will decrease if
the surface is repeatable, such as apartment or those who
have several properties. Without this certificate buildings
can not be built, sold or rented.
Medium Link
Revised Directive for
Labelling of Energy-
related Products
(Directive
2010/30/EU) -
Energy efficiency
improvement of
heating-cooling
systems on
individual housing
The measure fully transposes into the Romanian legislation
the Commission Directive 2002/31/EC implementing Council
Directive 92/75/EEC with regard to energy labelling of
household air-conditioners. The Government adopted the
Decision 407/2003 on establishing the energy labelling and
energy efficiency requirements for introducing on the
market the household air-conditioners that entered in force
in April 2004. The Government Decision 407/2003 was
replaced by the Government Decision 1871/2005 in order to
meet further amendments of the Commission Directive
2002/31/EC, including also provisions regarding the noise
requirements, as well as the Romanian standards adopted
Medium Link
Romania | Energy profile, May 2018
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authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.
Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any
use that may be made of the information contained therein
in line with the European standards.
Energy Performance
of Buildings
(Directive
2002/91/EC) - New
Buildings-building
code
According to the provisions of the law an energy
performance certificate is mandatory to be issued starting
with 1st January 2007, both for new buildings and existing
ones, excepting the existing residential houses and blocks of
flats for which the energy performance certificate will be
mandatory when they are sold or rented out, starting with
1st January 2010. The validity of the certificate is 10 years.
Regarding the inspection of boilers and technical expertise
of the thermal plants and heating installations, the law
establishes the followings: a regular inspection every five
years for the boilers fired by non-renewable liquid or solid
fuel of a rated out-put of 20 kW to 100 kW. Such inspection
is also applied to boilers using other fuels. an inspection at
least every two years for the boilers with a rated out-put
exceeding 100 kW; for the gas boilers this period can be
extended to 4 years technical expertise of the heating
installations equipped with boilers of a rated out-put
exceeding 20 kW which are older than 15 years. As regards
the inspection of air-conditioning systems the law
establishes a regular inspection every five years for the air-
conditioning systems of a rated-out of more than 12 kW.
This inspection shall include an assessment of the air-
conditioning efficiency and the sizing compared to the
cooling requirements of the building. The users will be
advised on possible improvement or replacement of the air-
conditioning system and on alternative solutions. The
energy audit and the certification of the buildings are
provided by energy auditors for buildings authorized
according to the legislation requirements. The expertise of
the heating and air-conditioning systems are developed by
technical experts accredited according to the legislation
requirements.
Medium Link
Energy Performance
of Buildings EPBD
Recast (Directive
2010/31/EU) -
Programs for
thermal
rehabilitation of the
multi-level and
single family
residential buildings
built-up 1950-1990
The Government adopted in 2002 the Government
Emergency Ordinance 174/2002 regarding the
establishment of special measures for thermal rehabilitation
of some multi-level residential buildings, which was
approved by the Law 211/2003, further amended and
modified by the Law 260/2006. The GUO 174/2002
establishes special measures for the thermal rehabilitation
of some blocks of flats (condominiums) that were built
during the period 1950-1990 in order to increase the energy
performance of these buildings. The blocks of flats -
condominiums that are going to be rehabilitated are
included in the annual thermal rehabilitation action
programs developed by the Ministry of Development, Public
Medium Link
Romania | Energy profile, May 2018
The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the
authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.
Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any
use that may be made of the information contained therein
Works and Housing on the basis of the proposals submitted
by the municipalities taking into account the eligibility
criteria and the main criteria established by the law.
Source: MURE
Transport
In 2000, the cars account for 35.4% of the sector’s energy consumption and road freight transport for 34.5%. The
air transport represents 4.5%. The remaining is split among rail (10.7%), bus (11.2%), motorcycles (0.3%), and
inland waterways (3.4%).
Figure 7: Split of the transport energy consumption by mode
Source: ODYSSEE
Car transport has developed over time in cities and between the cities to the detriment of bus and rail transport.
The traffic of passengers in 2000 was 66.8% with cars, rail 23% and bus 10.1% of total. Rail transport remains
low due to underdeveloped infrastructure.
Figure 8: Share of transport in passenger traffic
Romania | Energy profile, May 2018
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authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.
Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any
use that may be made of the information contained therein
Source: ODYSSEE
The freight traffic has been increasing by 6.5%/year by increasing the traffic on road and the freight traffic in
rivers and decreasing the freight traffic in trains A significant decrease in rail traffic of goods (-1.89%/year), led to
a higher share of road in the total traffic 16.3% (+1.09%/year) and a higher share of water in the total 12.1%
(+0.81%/year).
Figure 9: Share of modes in freight traffic
Source: ODYSSEE
The transport energy consumption was only higher in 2015 than in 2000 with 1.98 Mtoe. This trend is due to the
fact that energy savings (2.73 Mtoe) balanced the effect of the growth in traffic of passengers (+2.71 Mtoe) and
other effects (0.84 Mtoe), mainly the decrease in load factors for the transport of goods with the economic crisis
(trucks less loaded with an increase in empty running).
Figure 10: Main drivers of the energy consumption variation in transport
Source: ODYSSEE
The transport sector was in a less favorable position regarding energy efficiency. In comparison with the base
year 2000, the ODEX indicator was 101% in 2011. Compared to the peak year 2005 the index was again falling by
7% with a further downward trend in the following years. Energy intensity for transport sector remained almost
Romania | Energy profile, May 2018
The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the
authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.
Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any
use that may be made of the information contained therein
the same, with a decrease of 0.4%. The energy consumption increased by 60% in 2015 compared to 2000. The
highest share was recorded in road transport. It consumed 5.07Mtoe in 2015 meaning 95% from total. To achieve
the 2020 targets several programs are running to modernize the road and the rail infrastructures and to greater
use of collective transport and the increase in rail and inland waterways for freight transport.
Table 3: Policies and measures into force in the transport sector
Measures Description Expected
savings,
impact
evaluation
More
information
available
Modernization of rail
transport
Starting from the international context, the main scope of
the strategy of the National Railway Companies “CFR”-SA is
to ensure the safe operation and development of the
infrastructure it manages according to the evolutions in
European Union railway and the national market
development, so that to attract and sustain more freight
and passengers. CFR states strategically the access of all
railway actors to a functional, ecological infrastructure, on
which passengers and freight travel safely, under any
circumstances, day and night, at competition costs and
according to the established time tables. The National
Railway Companies “CFR”-SA permanently acts in order to
an efficient use of its resources and decrease of public
subsidies. The key strategy objectives for the main activity
sectors, as well as strategy actions (action lines) arisen from
these shortterm, medium-term and long-term objectives
consists with the political framework defined by the White
Charta of Transport – Road map for an European Unique
space of transport – Toward a competitive and resources
effective transport system published by the European
Commission in 2011 and also with European financing
programs 2007-2013 and 2014-2020, which create the
context of a solid commitment for Last update: 15
September 2014 international finance for the projects for
modernizing the infrastructure developed by „CFR”-SA.
High Link
Emission
performance
standards new
passenger cars
(Regulation
443/2009/EC) -
Pollution tax for
motor vehicles
General description – The legislative package was
constituted in order to enhance the quality of air, as well as
observing the obligations Romania has regarding reaching
the national targets on decreasing the greenhouse gases
emissions. The legislation Government Emergency
Ordinance no. 50/2008 establishes the legal framework for
pollution tax for light vehicles, emissions deriving from light
passenger vehicles and light goods vehicles. It is applied by
the meaning of the National Agency for Fiscal
Administration.
Medium Link
Romania | Energy profile, May 2018
The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the
authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.
Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any
use that may be made of the information contained therein
Promotion of
Biofuels or other
Renewable Fuels for
Transport (Directive
2003/30/EC) -
Promotion of the
use of bio-fuels for
transport
According to Government Decision No 1844/2005 (which
fully transposes the provisions of Directive 2003/30/EC)
regarding the promotion of biofuels and other renewable
fuels for use in transport, a minimum of 5.75% of biofuels or
other renewable fuels should be in use by 2010. This will be
calculated on the basis of the energy content of all types of
petrol and diesel used in transport. Government Decision
No 456/2007, which amends and updates Government
Decision No 1844/2005, foresees the gradual introduction
of a minimum percentage of biofuel content in conventional
fuels. _x0001_ Exemption from excise of energy products
(article 201 paragraph l – Fiscal Code). _x0001_ Special
Government Ordinance No 125/2006 for the approval of
direct and indirect national complimentary subsidies to
agriculture starting from 2007. Approved with
ammendaments and extensions through Law No 139/2007.
High Link
Source: MURE
Industry
The industrial sector has reduced its activity and implemented measures that have led to a decrease of 28.6% of
the final energy consumption to 6.44 Mtoe. For paper industry the rate of decline was maxim 3.9%/year. The
branches of the steel and non-metallic recorded the lowest drop rate 1,7%/year.
Figure 11: Final energy consumption by branch
Source: ODYSSEE
During the analyzed period, the unit consumption of energy‐intensive products for steel varied slowly,
remaining almost constant +0.03%/year. For paper, the rate of decline was 4.6% /year to 31.3 in 2015. This trend
is due to the energy efficiency measures implemented in the sector as well as the change of the old technologies
with some of high technology.
Romania | Energy profile, May 2018
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authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.
Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any
use that may be made of the information contained therein
Figure 12: Unit consumption of energy‐intensive products (toe/t)
Source: ODYSSEE
Since 2000, most factors contributed to a decrease in industrial energy consumption (-2.58 Mtoe). Structural
changes (-4.31 Mtoe) was partly offset by effects of the increase of activity (4.09 Mtoe). The energy savings (-
4.28 Mtoe) and the structural changes explain the observed decrease in energy consumption. Energy savings
have had a much greater impact because of a higher renewal rate of equipment and efficient operations by
application of the energy efficienci legislation.
Figure 13: Main drivers of the energy consumption variation in industry
Source: ODYSSEE
The industrial sector is responsible for 29.4 % of the total energy consumption in Romania . Since 2007, the
industrial recession did not have an important effect on industrial energy consumption in Romania. The energy
intensity of the Romanian industry decreased by approximately 42% between 2007 and 2015, as a result of the
measures taken to increase energy efficiency by applying the requirements of the Energy Efficiency Law, and of
the restructuring that took place during the period.
Romania | Energy profile, May 2018
The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the
authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.
Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any
use that may be made of the information contained therein
Table 4: Policies and measures into force in industry
Measures Description Expected
savings,
impact
evaluation
More
information
available
Improvement of
energy efficiency in
industrial operators
through the
implementation of
investment projects
co-financed by
community funds
The increase of energy efficiency and security of supply,
within the context of climate change/intervention major
domain 1 – Efficient and sustainable energy (enhancement
of energy efficiency and sustainable development of energy
system from environment point of view) financial sustains:
Investments in installations and equipment for industry
that lead to energy savings; Modernization of electric
power, natural gas and oil transportation grids, as well as
the electric power and natural gas distribution grids in order
to reduce the grid losses and to accomplish safely
transportation and distribution services; Investments in
heating gas desulphurization installations, burners and
filters for big burner installations from modern
units/rehabilitated.
High Link
Grant-supported
credit line for
Romania that has
been established by
the European
Commission and the
European Bank for
Reconstruction and
Development.
EBRD and OTP Bank promote energy efficiency in Romania’s
industry’ EEFF - the EU EBRD Energy Efficiency Finance
Facility - is a grant-supported financing line for Romania
from the European Commission and the European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development. Private sector companies
in Romania may identify and finance energy efficiency
investment opportunities using: 1. Free expert technical
consultancy to plan an energy efficiency investment; 2.
Loans of up to 2.5 million EUR per company from
participating banks to finance the investment; 3. 15% EU
grants - up to 375,000 EUR per grant - when the investment
is complete. The EBRD continues to support private
industrial companies in Romania in their drive to improve
energy efficiency with a new €10 million loan to OTP Bank
Romania to finance sustainable energy projects undertaken
by local businesses.
High Link
The improvement of
energy efficiency in
industrial operators
through the
management of
demand for energy
and the drawing up
of energy balance
sheets
In order to accomplish the national efficiency energy policy,
new provisions of the Law no.160 / 2016 amending and
supplementing Law 121/2014 on energy efficiency,
enterprises registering an annual energy consumption
higher than 1,000 toe/year are obliged to carry out, every
four years, an energy audit on an energy consumption
contour set by the enterprise, representing at least 50% of
its total energy consumption; the audit is prepared by an
authorized natural or legal person, according to the existing
Medium Link
Romania | Energy profile, May 2018
The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the
authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.
Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any
use that may be made of the information contained therein
law and represents the basis for determining and applying
the measures to increase energy efficiency. SMEs, are
obliged to carry out an energy audit every four years on a
representative energy consumption contour, selected by
the enterprise. To ensure the quality of energy audits, for
any end user, the Energy Efficiency Department issues the
minimum criteria for energy audits based on the
requirements set out in Annex. 4 of the energy efficiency
law, as well as a regulation on certification of energy
managers and authorization of energy auditors, except for
building energy auditors. Enterprises who after the entry
into force of this law, are implementing an energy or
environmental system certified by a certification body
agreed by a national accreditation body are exempted from
carrying out an energy audit every four years, provided that
the enterprise proves that the certification and
recertification of the management system has been mage
based on an energy audit developed under the current law.
Source: MURE