elda1-2.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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Elektronika Daya
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Elektronika Daya
Disiplin ilmu yang mempelajari penggunaan teknologielektronika dalam konversi energi (daya) elektrik.
Mengapa energi (daya) elektrik perlu dikonversikan?
Hampir semua peralatan listrik bekerja kurangefisien atau tidak bisa bekerja pada sumber energi(daya) elektrik yang tersedia.
Banyak pembangkit energi (daya) elektrik nonkonvensional mempunyai bentuk yang tidakkompatibel dengan sumber energi (daya) elektriklainnya.
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Konverter Daya
dayaKonverter Beban
Pengendali
masukanDaya keluaranDaya
PengukuranPengukuran
Acuan
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Klasifikasi Konverter Daya
Konverter DC-ke-DC (Chopper)
Konverter AC-ke-DC (Penyearah)
Konverter DC-ke-AC (Inverter)
Konverter AC-ke-AC (Cycloconverter/Matrix)
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Konverter Sinyal dan Daya
SinyalKonverter
masukSinyal keluarSinyal
masukDaya
DayaKonverter
masukDaya keluarDaya
masukSinyal
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Efficiency is the key
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Regulator tegangan
iV
oV
oI
oR
1R
2R
iV
oV
oI
oR
vR
6
Efficiency is very low
No ripples on the input and output sides
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Switching Regulator
iV oV
oIiI
Load
ONT
sT
0
iV
0
0
oV
oI
iI
i
s
ONo V
T
TV
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Efficiency is very highRipples on the input and output sides
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Linear and Switching Power Supplies
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Linear
Switching
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Switching Mode Power Supplies
Advantages:
High efficient and small size
DC filter capacitor is working at high voltage(Energy stored is high)
The reactive component requirements are small.
Disadvantages: Control is more complicated
EMC problems
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Power Supply Comparison
Power Density Efficiency
Linear Power
Supply
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Power Electronic Applications
in Power Generation Excitation system
Automatic Voltage Regulator
Variable Speed Power Generation (Hydro,
Wind, Microturbine gas)
Power Conditioners for Renewable Power
Generation (Fuel cells, solar cells)
Energy Storage
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Excitation System in Brushless AC Generator
1D
2D
3D
4D
5D
6D
Rotor
Stator
Exciter generatorMain
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Renewable Energy System
Energy Storages
Micro Hydro Electric Power
AC/DC
Fuel
Cells
Fuel Cells
Exhaust
Fuel
Generatr
AC/DC
Solar Cells
Fuel Cells Modules
BUSDC
Utilitas
DC/AC
DC/DC DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/AC
AC Loads
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Power Electronic Applications in
Power Transmission High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission
Static VAR Compensators
Series Compensation
Phase Shifters
Dynamic Braking Flexible AC Transmission System
High-Speed Circuit Breakers
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Static VAR Compensator
Improving power factor
Reducing voltage drop and losses
Increasing maximum power transfer
Improving damping factor
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HVDC Transmission System
LineDC
System
AC
System
AC
ConverterConverter
systemdc
terminals-Two
Asynchronous links
Suitable for long distance transmission andunderground cable transmission
Improving damping factor
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Active Filter
sourceAC
sL
si
hi
source
Harmonicse
filter
Active
fi
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Power Electronic Applications in
Transportation Industries High-Speed Trains
Electric vehicles
Elevators
Airplanes
Ships Unmanned vehicles
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PWM Inverter for Electric Traction
Pantograph
InverterPWM
MotorsTraction
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Power Electronic Applications in
Industries Rolling mills
Variable speed pump systems
Cement kilns
Rolling ball mills
Robotics
Electrolysis
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Variable Speed Drive Applications
PUMP
MOTOR
STARTER
MOTORIZED
VALVE
SET-POINT
CONTROLLER
SENSOR
FLOW
REFERENCE
PUMP
MOTORSENSOR
FLOW
REFERENCE
CONTROLLER
SET-POINTCONTROLLER
VSD
Fixed Speed
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Variable Speed Drives
3
MotorAC
outv
sourceAC
rectifier
edUncontroll
capacitor
Smoothing
inverterPWM
3
MotorAC
outv
sourceAC
rectifier
Controlled
inductor
Smoothing
capacitor
Smoothing
inverter
wave-Square
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Variable Speed Pumping System
ure
Head/Press
Flow
1H
2H
1Q2Q
3H
1sticcharacteriPump
2sticcharacteriPump
1sticcharacteriPipe2sticcharacteriPipe
20
10
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700
FLOW (GPM)
INPUTKW
ADJUSTABLE SPEED
OPERATION WITH
ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTOR
VALVE OPERATION
WITH STANDARDEFFICIENTMOTOR
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Power Electronic Applications in
Home Appliances Microwave heating
Air conditioners
Refrigerators
Toasters
Cookers
Vacuum cleaners
Wash machines
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Power Electronic Applications in
Information Industries DC power supplies
Distributed power supplies
Power conditioners
Uninterruptible power supplies
Battery chargers
Voltage Regulator Modules
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Is power electronics new technology?
Power electronics have been developed since thebeginning of 20th century when mercury arc andvacuum tubes technology was emerged.
Power conversion has been known for a long time byusing a combination of electrical machinery.
Power electronics development has grown very fast
since the introduction of thyristor or SCR (Semiconductor controlled rectifier) in nineteenfifties.
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Interdiciplinary nature of power electronics
theory
Control
sElectronic
systems
PowersElectronicPower
Computer
physics
state-Solid
processing
Signal theory
Circuit
machines
Electric
neticsElectromag
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Current Challenges
Voltage regulator modules for microprocessors
Embedded inverter for motor drives
Intelligent power ICs Flexible AC power transmission systems
Custom power distribution system
Unified power conditioners
Renewable energy power generation system
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Laptop Power Supply System
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Matriks saklar
iV
1S
2S
3S
4S
Loadu v
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Penyearah tak terkendali
iV
1S
2S
3S
4S
uvv
iV
1S
2S
3S
4S
Loadu v
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Penyearah terkendali
iV
1S
2S
3S
4S
uvv
iV
1S
2S
3S
4S
Loadu v
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AC regulator
iV
1S
2S
3S
4S
Loadu v
iV
1S
2S
3S
4S
uvv
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Phase-Controlled AC-AC Cycloconverter
Beban
ie ov
1S 3S
2S 4S
ie
4&1 SS
3&2 SS
ovt
t
t
t
componentlFundamenta
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Konverter DC-ke-DC
iV
1S
2S
3S
4S
uvv
iV
1S
2S
3S
4S
Loadu v
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Inverter PWM
iV
1S
2S
3S
4S
uvv
iV
1S
2S
3S
4S
Loadu v
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Understanding Power Electronic Circuits
Consider all power semiconductor switches as
ideal switches
Ideal switches have no voltage drop, no leakagecurrent, and transition times are zero.
Practical considerations are given in detailed
design.
Background on signal electronics is useful to
understand power electronics.
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The End
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