el turismo cultural/cultural tourism, alberto s bustamante, jr
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/3/2019 El Turismo Cultural/Cultural Tourism, Alberto S Bustamante, Jr.
1/10
38
El Turismo Cultural:
Herencia Magazine, Volume 12 No. 2, 2006. Copyright Cuban Cultural Heritage, all rights reserved. http://www.cubanculturalheritage.org
-
8/3/2019 El Turismo Cultural/Cultural Tourism, Alberto S Bustamante, Jr.
2/10
39
Races,Tradiciones,Identidad y Patrimonio
Nuestro deber en rescatarlo y preservarlo
En el largo proceso de cuarenta y siete aos, en que tanto la lucha
como el sufrimiento han sido intensos, nuestra cultura y nuestras tradi-
ciones han sido daadas profundamente.
Nuestros hijos y nietos han sido confundidos en su identidad.
El saqueo del Patrimonio Artstico y Documental que hemos
observado dentro y fuera de Cuba ha sido motivo serio, para que muchos
de nosotros, hayamos dedicado nuestra vida a tratar de salvar lo mayor
posible, comprando a veces, y otras veces denunciando las ventas por
especuladores que trafican con el gobierno comunista, que como
sistema lo utiliza para perpetuarse en el poder.Se fue creando en ese proceso una sensacin de urgencia, por crear
una organizacin seria, para preservar, rescatar y denunciar al mundo ese
saqueo, y salvar lo nico que no podemos perder nosotros y las futuras
generaciones como son, las races, la identidad y nuestra riqueza patri-
monial.
En 1993 varios grupos que trabajaban y se preocupaban al igual que
nosotros, decidimos unirnos y crear un 22 de enero de 1994, Herencia
Cultural Cubana.
En aquellos momentos el "sueo de libertad" con el derrumbe de la
Cortina de Hierro" en Europa Oriental, aument nuestro esfuerzo.Nuestro sueo de libertad en Cuba no se hizo realidad entonces, pero
hemos madurado mucho en esos aos, no slo en el exilio, sino dentro
de Cuba, en que el mito revolucionario y caudillista ha sido destruido por
sus propios lderes. Con el aumento en la centralizacin vuelven a caer
en el estalinismo, haciendo desaparecer los vestigios de apertura que,
para sobrevivir, fomentaban con el dilogo. Prueba de ello es la informa-
cin que nos llega, de que de las 800 inversiones mixtas, slo quedan
menos de 100, ya que gran parte de ellas se ha retirado de Cuba.
El petrleo venezolano ha contribuido en gran parte a este nuevo
enfoque. La experiencia del fracaso comunista no ha sido aceptada por el
rgimen, y la nueva generacin sin futuro, es llevada a los extremos de
escapar, o de confrontacin y demanda por un cambio. Cambio con
libertad y democracia, y no sucesin totalitaria.
Visin del futuro
En nuestros viajes por Europa Oriental, pudimos comprobar que el
cambio y el progreso econmico en esos pases despus de 1989, ha sido
proporcional a la rapidez de resolver el tema de la propiedad privada, y
Alberto S.Bustamante
La Empresa Privadaen Funcin de
Preservacin
FOTO:JASONHO
Valle de Viales
Herencia Magazine, Volume 12 No. 2, 2006. Copyright Cuban Cultural Heritage, all rights reserved. http://www.cubanculturalheritage.org
-
8/3/2019 El Turismo Cultural/Cultural Tourism, Alberto S Bustamante, Jr.
3/10
40
del retorno, devolucin o compensacin de las
propiedades robadas que pudieran garantizar el
sistema de libre empresa y de economa de
mercado en esos pases. La experiencia de Cuba
una vez que ocurra el cambio no ser diferente.
Con el cambio se har frente a interminables
problemas en la infraestructura destruida: la
educacin, la crisis energtica, la vivienda, etc.
Con el progreso econmico y el aumento de
las inversiones por cubanos y extranjeros,
Roots, Traditions, Identity and HeritageOur duty to rescue and save cultural tourism
Through a long process of forty-seven years, during
which fighting and suffering have been quite intense,
our culture and traditions have been deeply wounded,
and our children and grandchildren have fallen into
confusion regarding their own identity.
We have been witnesses, within and without Cuba,
to the plundering of our artistic and documentary
heritage, and this has moved many of us to devote ourlives to saving as much as possible of this heritage, at
times buying its pieces of value, some other times
exposing the business of speculators who engage in
deals with the Cuban government, ready to take
advantage of this to perpetuate its holding of power.
From this same process, a sense of urgency arose.
It was necessary to establish a serious and responsible
organization to rescue and preserve our heritage, to let
the world know about such pillage, and to save the only
thing that we and the future generations cannot and
must not lose: our roots, our identity, and the wealth of
Cultural Tourism: Private
Enterpriseand its Mission to PreserveAlberto S. Bustamante
El Yunque, Baracoa
Herencia Magazine, Volume 12 No. 2, 2006. Copyright Cuban Cultural Heritage, all rights reserved. http://www.cubanculturalheritage.org
-
8/3/2019 El Turismo Cultural/Cultural Tourism, Alberto S Bustamante, Jr.
4/10
41
our heritage. Back in 1993, several groups were
engaged in this task, and these groups decided to get
together and join forces. Thats how Cuban Cultural
Heritage was born on January 22, 1994.
At that time, our dreams of freedom, driven bythe downfall of the Iron Curtain in Eastern Europe,
served to intensify our efforts. Our dream of liberty for
Cuba did not come then to reality, but at least we have
learned much from then on, in our exile and also inside
Cuba, where the revolutionary myth and the image of
caciquismo [chieftainship] have been torn to pieces by
their own leaders. These leaders, however, due to the
increase of centralized power, are falling back again
into Stalinism, closing the openings that they, in order to
survive, were trying to put to a test through the possibi-
lities of dialogue. As evidence of this change of
aumentar tambin otro peligro sobre el
Patrimonio Cubano.
ste fue el motivo por el cual la experiencia
espaola con los Paradores de Turismo al
terminar la guerra civil, sirvi como vehculo
idneo, para crear fuentes culturales de
turismo y de proteccin patrimonial,
utilizando fuentes corporativas de inversin
privada, coordinadas con el gobierno con
medidas legales para la proteccin patrimonial
que se utilizaran con ese objeto.
Espaa cuenta hoy en da con una cadena de
86 paradores que son un orgullo de la Herencia
Espaola.
Herencia Cultural Cubna ha estudiado en
detalle este proyecto, y lo tiene estructurado para
patrocinarlo y hacerlo realidad en Cuba. Para ms
detalles sobre este proyecto, se puede consultar
nuestra publicacin de Herencia de octubre de
1995, que est accesible tambin en elweb- site
Ro Yumur, Baracoa
Herencia Magazine, Volume 12 No. 2, 2006. Copyright Cuban Cultural Heritage, all rights reserved. http://www.cubanculturalheritage.org
-
8/3/2019 El Turismo Cultural/Cultural Tourism, Alberto S Bustamante, Jr.
5/10
42
de la Internet.
Muchas industrias secundarias surgirn con el
fomento del turismo cultural y, con el tiempo se
lograr eliminar la cultura de miseria, de depen-
dencia, que lleva a la prostitucin y al jineterismo
presente.
Cuando un pueblo est dividido como el
nuestro, es la cultura comn, la nica manera de
unirlo. En nuestra experiencia de estos aos,
hemos coincidido siempre con nuestros
hermanos cubanos hablando de estos temas.
Exceptuando los individuos incondicionales
del rgimen, la infraestructura de la preservacin
en Cuba, en grandes proporciones es muy profe-
sional, y muchos que hemos conocido se han
mantenido, en lo posible, fuera de la beligerancia
poltica del sistema y suean en muchos sentidos
como nosotros en el exilio. Se sienten prisioneros
del totalitarismo presente, pero en un sistema de
libertad y democracia podran florecer y salir de
las limitaciones presentes y juntos, ellos y
nosotros, realizar milagros en el futuro de Cuba.
Objetivos, Proyecciones y
Recomendaciones para el Futuro
Democrtico que se avecina
1.- La proteccin del patrimonio debe ser un
elemento esencial y estratgico en el mbito del
turismo cultural.
2.- El turismo cultural debidamente manejado
debe constituir un factor econmico y social que
contribuya a la conservacin del patrimonio.
3.- En la planificacin futura de la promocin
turstica, desarrollo urbano, desarrollo
econmico y social, es necesario que el
patrimonio cultural se incluya en la planificacin
direction, we are receiving news from Cuba; forinstance, out of 800 joint ventures over there [created
by and between foreign investors and the Communist
government], less than one hundred currently remain in
Cuba, because plenty of such investors are opting out of
the island.
Venezuelan oil has largely contributed to this new
approach. Failure of the Communist system has never
been accepted by the current Cuban regime, and the
new generations, devoid of hope about their future, are
being pushed to extremes: they have no other choice
but to escape or confront the government and ask firmly
Parador Los Jazmines, Valle de Viales, Pinar del RoParque de la
Libertad,Matanzas
Herencia Magazine, Volume 12 No. 2, 2006. Copyright Cuban Cultural Heritage, all rights reserved. http://www.cubanculturalheritage.org
-
8/3/2019 El Turismo Cultural/Cultural Tourism, Alberto S Bustamante, Jr.
6/10
43
general y que se fortalezca con un enfoque de
conservacin.
4.- Es una necesidad la creacin de un marco
legal que regule el manejo del patrimonio
cultural en el mbito turstico.
5.- En el mbito gubernamental en la nueva
Repblica, se debe adoptar la poltica de una
educacin bsica, respecto al patrimonio
cultural. Deben ser tambin incluidos los
residentes de los centros histricos, y habitantes
de toda la ciudad con prioridad a los profesio-
nales de la construccin, prestadores de servicios
y los visitantes de los centros patrimoniales.
6.- El Patrimonio debe constituir una
prioridad frente a una visin econmica del
turismo.
7.- La organizacin comunitaria y el fortaleci-
miento de la sociedad civil constituyen una
fuente generadora de los proyectos de conserva-
cin.
8.- La creacin de organismos financieros
privados, coordinados con los gubernamentales,
son de gran utilidad en la proteccin, conserva-
cin y restauracin del patrimonio cultural.
9.- Fomentar la participacin de la sociedad
civil con un proceso de informacin, capacitacin
y comunicacin para la proteccin del
Patrimonio.
10.- Patrocinar la creacin de una corporacin
de los "Paradores Nacionales de Cuba" que
coordine su funcionamiento con un Instituto de
Preservacin Histrica y Patrimonial (National
Trust) y con el Instituto del Turismo.
11.- Patrocinar la organizacin de una" Ruta
Histrica de San Antonio a Mais "con el uso del
ferrocarril al estilo del "Romantic Road" de
for a change a change to bring forth freedom and
democracy, not only a cosmetic change entailing a
totalitarian succession.
A View to the Future
In our travels through Eastern Europe, we were able
to ascertain that economic change and progress in
those countries was directly proportional to the speed in
solving the private property question, including the
devolution of, or compensation for, stolen properties
which could ensure the free enterprise system and the
open market economy. The Cuban experience,
following the change of regime, shall not be different.
The change in Cuba will have to deal with the
endless problems posed by an infrastructure in ruins:
education, the energy crisis, and housing, among many
others. Besides, along with economic progress and the
increase of Cuban and foreign investments, the threat to
our Cuban Heritage will grow more menacing. This
explains why in Spain, after the Civil War, the
experience with the Paradores de Turismo (Hostels forTourists) served as an effective source to create and
encourage cultural tourism and to protect the national
cultural heritage. Coordination was reached between
corporate sources of private investment and the
government, under legal measures geared towards
protecting that heritage.
Spain can boast today of 86 of these hostels, a real
cause of pride for the Spanish Cultural Heritage. On the
other hand, our institution, Cuban Cultural Heritage,
has studied in depth that project, and has it already
structured to be sponsored in Cuba and make it real.
Herencia Magazine, Volume 12 No. 2, 2006. Copyright Cuban Cultural Heritage, all rights reserved. http://www.cubanculturalheritage.org
-
8/3/2019 El Turismo Cultural/Cultural Tourism, Alberto S Bustamante, Jr.
7/10
44
Alemania y la "Ruta de los Castillos del Loire" en
Francia, y desarrollar ms adelante una estructu-
racin de una "Ruta de la Libertad".
Estas rutas pueden ser coordinadas en el
futuro con los Paradores de Turismo.
12.- Respecto al Patrimonio Artstico, una vez
que entre en funciones un gobierno libre y
democrtico, deben comenzarse los procesos de
reclamacin de las obras de arte desaparecidas yrobadas de los diferentes museos, as como
archivos, documentos, libros raros, y otros
objetos que pertenecen al Patrimonio de la
Nacin Cubana.
13.- En el mbito nacional e internacional,
fomentar la divulgacin de la verdad de lo
ocurrido en Cuba, durante cerca de medio siglo,
de manera profesional, as como demandar que
se aplique la justicia por las autoridades perti-
nentes a los criminales y a los responsables de los
abusos del poder.
El camino ser lento para lograr los sueos del
pueblo cubano, pero una vez ms, se lograr el
respeto del mundo civilizado como nacin libre y
democrtica.
Slo entonces los nios cubanos no soarncon ser extranjeros, y podrn contar con un
futuro feliz en su propia tierra.I
Algunas de las imgenes que aparecen
en este artculo, forman parte del proyecto
de los Paradores Nacionales de Cuba.
Hotel Inglaterra, La Habana Hotel Sevilla Biltmore, La Habana
For further details, we invite readers to refer to our
publication Herencia (October, 1995). Information is
also available in our Internet Website.
Many ancillary industries will come to life as a by-
product of cultural tourism. The culture of misery and
dependency, which leads to prostitution and porno-
graphic tourism, will finally be eradicated. When a
nation is divided, such as ours, the only way to reunite
it is the common cultural heritage that all the people
share. We have always coincided with our Cuban
brothers and sisters when dealing with this subject.
Except for those who are unconditional partisans of
the current regime in Cuba, the infrastructure for the
preservation of values in our homeland is, to a large
extent, highly professional, and many people known to
us have managed to keep themselves, as far as
possible, alien to the belligerent policies of the
government. They find themselves prisoners of the
totalitarian regime but, within a system of democracy
and freedom, they will come forward and free
themselves from the current restrictions they have to
endure. In many ways, they share our dreams, and
they and we, acting together, would be able to achieve
miracles in a free Cuba.
Goals, projections and recommendations for a
democratic future that is getting closer and closer
1. Protection of our cultural legacy must be an
essential and strategic factor in the field of culturaltourism.
2. Cultural tourism, if properly managed, must be a
socioeconomic factor that will contribute to preserve our
heritage.
3. When planning for the future such things as
tourism promotion, urban development, and socioeco-
nomic growth, our cultural heritage must be included in
such plans and be strengthened with a conservationist
approach.
4. It is necessary to establish the legal bases to
regulate the management of our cultural legacy within Rancho Luna, Cienfuegos
Alberto S. Bustamante is a retired gynecologist in
Orlando,Florida, and Founder of Herencia Cultural
Cubana
Herencia Magazine, Volume 12 No. 2, 2006. Copyright Cuban Cultural Heritage, all rights reserved. http://www.cubanculturalheritage.org
-
8/3/2019 El Turismo Cultural/Cultural Tourism, Alberto S Bustamante, Jr.
8/10
45
Fuerte de Matachn, Baracoa
Castillo de Jagua, Cienfuegos
Convento de Santa Clara, La Habana
the realm of tourism.
5. At the government level in the new republic, it
must be adopted a policy to foster basic education
regarding our cultural heritage. Residents of historic
places, as well as urban residents in general, must be
included in these efforts, granting them priority over the
construction professionals, the suppliers of services and
the visitors of cultural sites.
6. Our cultural heritage must prevail over aneconomic vision of the future.
7. Community organizations and the strengthening
of civil society represent a source to give birth to conser-
vation projects.
8. Private financial entities, working in coordination
with government agencies, will be extremely valuable
in the process of protection, conservation and restora-
tion.
9. Active participation of the civil society can be
achieved and encouraged through a process of infor-
mation, learning and communication, with a view to the
protection of our cultural heritage.
10. It will be advisable to sponsor the establishment
of a Cuban National Hostels corporation (ParadoresNacionales de Cuba) in order to coordinate the upkeep and
operation of such hostels, along with an Institute for
Historical and Heritage Preservation (National Trust)
and also with the Tourism Institute.
11. Promotion and organization of a San Antonio-
Mais Historical Route, using the railroad network,
similar to the Romantic Road of Germany and the
Loire Castles Route in France. Later on, a Freedom
Route may also be established. These routes could be
coordinated in the future with Paradores de Turismo.
12. Regarding the Artistic Heritage, after estab-
lishing a free and democratic government, it will be
necessary to begin submitting claims to recover
artworks that have disappeared or have been stolen
from museums. These efforts should include the
recovery of archives, documents and rare book
editions, as well as other items that belong to the assets
of the Cuban Heritage.
13. To sponsor, at the national and international
levels, a full disclosure of the truth about what has
happened in Cuba during almost fifty years. This must
be done in a professional manner, as well as requesting
that criminals and those responsible of abusing and
misusing their authority be brought to justice before
the competent courts.
The journey to making true the dreams of the
Cuban people will be a slow one, but once again Cuba
will regain the respect of the civilized world as a free
and democratic country. Then, and only then, Cubanchildren will not dream any longer of becoming
foreigners, because they will be able to rely upon the
hope of a happy future in their own homeland. I
Alberto S. Bustamante es mdico gineclogo retirado
en Orlando, Florida, y fundador de Herencia Cultural
Cubana.
Some of the images that appear in thisarticle are part of the project, ParadoresNacionales de Cuba.
Herencia Magazine, Volume 12 No. 2, 2006. Copyright Cuban Cultural Heritage, all rights reserved. http://www.cubanculturalheritage.org
-
8/3/2019 El Turismo Cultural/Cultural Tourism, Alberto S Bustamante, Jr.
9/10
46
PROVINCIA
Pinar del Ro:
GuanahacabibesLos rganosValle de VialesLa GiraSoroa
La Habana:Escaleras de JarucoValle Yumur
Matanzas:
Valle YumurGuamZapataEl BalcnLa ArboledaBellamarCuevas de AmbrosioPlaya de Varadero
Cienfuegos:Topes de Collantes
Montaas delEscambrayLa BijaValle de YaguanaboCuevas de Cienfuegos
Villa Clara:Lago de Hanabanilla
Sancti Spritus:Torre de Iznaga
Salto de Vega GrandeSalto de CaburnSalto de JaviraMirador de Topes deCollantesValle de San LuisValle de AlunadaSumidero del RoJatibonico del Norte
Isla de la Juventud:Costa de los Piratas
Cuevas Indias
Ciego de vila:Laguna de LecheLoma de CunaguaPlayita de MajaguaLaguna Redonda
Camagey:Sierra de CubitasPlaya Santa Luca
Cueva IndiaHoya de BonetLos ParedonesCuevas de losGeneralesLos CanjilonesSierra de NajasaSierra de ChorrilloLoma la Deseada
Holgun:Silla de Gibara
Valle de MayabeLoma de la CruzSierra de NipeSierra de CristalCuchillas de MoaParque Jos MartPuente Natural delRo Bitir
Granma:Valle de Yara
Sierra MaestraVirama
Santiago de Cuba:Pico Turquino
Pico CubaPico SueciaValle de TayabaEl CobreGran PiedraLaguna Baconao
Guantnamo:Sierra CristalRo ToaEl Yunque
CUBA, Parques Nacionales y Sitios de Inters
Parque Mart, Cienfuegos
Herencia Magazine, Volume 12 No. 2, 2006. Copyright Cuban Cultural Heritage, all rights reserved. http://www.cubanculturalheritage.org
-
8/3/2019 El Turismo Cultural/Cultural Tourism, Alberto S Bustamante, Jr.
10/10
47
Playas
y
sitios
tursticosdeC
uba
Herencia Magazine Volume 12 No 2 2006 Copyright Cuban Cultural Heritage all rights reserved http://www cubanculturalheritage org