el nino southern oscillation. oceanic temperatures as a function of enso (figure obtained from ch. 4...

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El Nino Southern Oscillation

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Page 1: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

El Nino Southern Oscillation

Page 2: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Warm west, cold east Warm everywhere, but particularly in the

central Pacific

Warming erodes everywhere in

response to upwelling

Page 3: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 4: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 5: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 6: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

Southern Oscillation Index

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

diff

diffdiff

p

ppSOI

)(10

pdiff = p(Tahiti) – p(Darwin)

Page 7: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

Southern Oscillation Index

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

El Nino: Warmer at Tahiti -> Lower SLP -> Negative SOI

La Nina: Cooler at Tahiti -> Higher SLP -> Positive SOI

Page 8: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

ENSO Monitoring Regions

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 9: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

Walker Circulation During La Nina Events

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Enhanced heating drives enhanced ascent

Enhanced cooling drives enhanced

descent

Page 10: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

Walker Circulation During El Nino Events

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Enhanced heating drives enhanced ascent

Weakened cooling drives substantially weakened descent

Page 11: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

El Nino and the Australian Monsoon

(Figure obtained from Ch. 3 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 12: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

El Niño and W. Hemisphere Hurricanes

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 13: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

NH Winter Impacts of El Niño

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 14: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

NH Summer Impacts of El Niño

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 15: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

NH Winter Impacts of La Niña

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 16: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

NH Summer Impacts of La Niña

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 17: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

Northern Hemispheric Pattern Modulation by ENSO

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 18: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

Delayed Oscillator Theory

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 19: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

Delayed Oscillator Theory

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 20: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

Western Pacific Oscillator Theory

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 21: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

Dynamical Model Forecasts of ENSO

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

Page 22: El Nino Southern Oscillation. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd

Statistical Model Forecasts of ENSO

(Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)