eighty-first critical bibliography of the history of science and its cultural influences (to 1...

Eighty-First Critical Bibliography of The History of Science and Its Cultural Influences (To 1January 1956)Author(s): Conway Zirkle, John F. Fulton, I. E. Drabkin, Carl B. Boyer, I. Bernard Cohen andKatharine StrelskySource: Isis, Vol. 47, No. 3 (Sep., 1956), pp. 247-360Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/226894 .

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Eighty-first Critical Bibliography OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND ITS

CULTURAL INFLUENCES (TO 1 JANUARY 1956)

In the last Critical Bibliography published in Isis (I955, 46: III-220) the main features of the present form of the Bibliography were explained. There are four main sections:

A - History of Science: General References and Tools

B - Science: Its History from Special Points of View

C- Histories of the Special Sciences D - Chronological Classification.

The divisions and subdivisions of each of these main sections are listed below in the Table of Contents, p. 25I. The aim is to classify each entry in its most restricted position. Thus a work on the history of physics, or the history of biology, etc., in any one of the main chronological periods (e.g., Classical Antiquity, Latin Mid- dle Ages, or Seventeenth and Eighteenth Cen- turies, etc.) will be found in Section D, under the appropriate subdivision; such an entry is not listed a second time under Section C in the subdivision of Physical Sciences or Biological Sci- ences. A work dealing with the general history of physics or biology, etc., or a work on such a topic as covers two or more of the chronological periods of Section D (e.g., a history of thermo- dynamic principles from I700 to I900) will be found in Section C under the appropriate division, Physical Sciences, or Biological Sciences, etc. A general history of the Royal Society of London would be found under Section B, Scien- tific Institutions, but an article dealing with the development of the Royal Society during the nineteenth century would be found in Section D, under the subdivision Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.

Of course, all classifications are arbitrary, and from time to time the categories will be found to overlap; users of the Critical Bibliography should therefore examine all possible categories that might be related to the subject in which they are interested. This is particularly true of articles or books dealing with such subjects as anatomy and physiology, materials which might be classified in Section C, under Biological Sci- ences or Medicine and the Medical Sciences, or under either of the subdivisions in the chronological divisions of Section D, depending on the nature of the subject. A study of microscopes

might be listed in Section C under Biological Sciences, or Medicine and the Medical Sciences, or Physical Sciences; studies of microscopes will also appear under any one of the subdivisions in the chronological Section D; furthermore, works dealing in part with microscopes (e.g., a comparative study of telescopes and microscopes) would be found under Section B, in the section devoted to Scientific Instruments and Special Techniques.

As was explained in the introduction to the last Critical Bibliography (Isis, 955, 46: III))

all bibliographical citations have followed the style of the World List of Scientific Periodicals published in the years z900o-950 (third edition, New York: Academic Press; London: Butter- worth Scientific Publications, I952). This method of citation, which is becoming more and more widely established in international scientific publications, uses capitals for nouns and small initial letters for adjectives, except in the case of English names in adjectival form. In general the conjunction "and" and corresponding words in other languages are omitted. Cognate words from their several languages are reduced to the same form: Academy, Academie, Acad- emie, are all rendered Acad., Society, Societe, Societa, Sociedad, etc., as Soc. Titles consisting of a single word are not abbreviated.

This Critical Bibliography has been compiled by a systematic examination of a number of the main journals devoted to history, science, the history of science, and the history of medicine. The major periodicals and serials which are ex- amined systematically are listed below.

Acta Historica Scientiarium Naturalium et Medici- nalium

Al-Andalus American Historical Review American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education American Journal of Physics American Mathematical Monthly American Scientist Annals of Science Antiquity Archives Internationales de l'Histoire des Sciences Basler Veroffentlichungen zur Geschichte der Medi-

zin und der Biologie Berytus Bibliotheque d'Humanisme et Renaissance, Travaux

et Documents

247



248 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RESOURCES

British Museum Quarterly Bulletin of the British Journal of the Philosophy of

Science Bulletin of the British Society for the History of

Science Bulletin of the History of Medicine Cahiers d'Histoire Mondiale Centaurus Chymia Daedalus Der Globusfreund Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift Endeavour Gesnerus Isis Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies Harvard Library Bulletin Hispanic American Review Histoire de la M&decine Imago Mundi Jewish Quarterly Review Journal of Chemical Education Journal of the History of Ideas Journal of Near Eastern Studies Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied

Sciences Journal of the History of Science, Japan Journal of the Society of Bibliography and Natural

History Koroth Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej Library Bulletin, American Philosophical Society Library Research Monographs, University Library,

Copenhagen Lychnos Mededelingen van de Koninklijke vlaamse Acad-

emie, Klasse der Wetenschappen Medievalia et Humanistica Nature Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau Newcomen Society, Transactions Notes and Records of the Royal Society Osiris Philosophia Naturalis Physics Today Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish

Research Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine Progress of Medieval and Renaissance Studies in the

United States and Canada, Bulletin Revista Brasileira de Historia de Medicina Revista de la Sociedad de Historia de la Medicina Revue d'Histoire de la Medecine Hebraique Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Revue des Questions Scientifiques Rivista di Storia delle Scienze Mediche e Naturali Science Scientia Scientia Veterum Scientific American Scientific Monthly Scripta Mathematica Sky & Telescope Speculum Sudhoffs Archiv fur Geschichte der Medizin Transactions and Studies of the College of Physi-

cians of Philadelphia

This primary list of articles and book reviews is enlarged by citations kindly sent to us by the following collaborators:

Carl B. Boyer, Brooklyn College Francis J. Carmody, University of California, Berke-

ley Ralph W. Dexter, Kent State University John F. Fulton, Yale University Sidncy W. Jackman, Phillips Exeter B. G. Kuznetsov, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Chauncey D. Leake, Ohio State University Morris C. Leikind, Washington, D. C. Ashley Montagu, Princeton, New Jersey Everett Mendelsohn, Harvard University Samuel R. Morison, Harvard University P. W. van der Pas, South Pasadena, California George Sarton, Harvard University Quido Vetter, Prague Conway Zirkle, University of Pennsylvania

Bibliographies of the History of Science and Related Subjects

The attention of readers of Isis has already been called to two major bibliographical efforts. One of these is Index zur Geschichte d. Medizin, Naturwiss. u. Technik (in Auftrag d. Deutschen Vereinigung fur Gesch. d. Med., Naturwiss. u. Technik, unter Mitwirkung von Johannes Steudel, Willy Hartner, Otto Mahr, herausge- geben von Walter Artelt), of which the first volume appeared in I953 (see the review by Walter Pagel in Isis, I954, 55: iog). The other is Current Work in the History of Medicine edited by F. N. L. Poynter, and published by the Wellcome Historical Medical Library (see Isis, I955, 46: 278). The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique publishes a Bulletin Analytique (Philosophie), Centre de Documen- tation du C. N. R. S., of which volume 9 was published in I955. In each issue there are special sections devoted to the history of science, and there is an annual index number of authors and concepts. At regular intervals the Comit6 Belge d'Histoire des Sciences issues an offset listing of work done in the history of science and the history of medicine, edited by Jean Pelseneer. "Ces notes sont publiees avec le concours du Gouvernement." The editor may be addressed at 76, Avenue des Grenadiers, Ixelles- Bruxelles.

Scholars interested in the relations of science and literature are referred to the publication of the Modern Language Association, General Top- ics VII: Relations of Literature and Science: Report of the Bibliographical Committee, a ten- to fifteen-page mimeographed checklist covering general studies, antiquity and Middle Ages, Ren- aissance, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It is issued annually in December. A selection from this list



BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RESOURCES 249

appears in Symposium, the May issue, each year. Copies of both may be obtained gratis from the chairman of the Bibliographical Committee, Kester Svendsen, University of Oklahoma, Nor- man, Oklahoma.

Biology

The following notes about bibliographical aids in the biological sciences may be of interest.

Biological Abstracts located at the University of Pennsylvania selects items from 2,300 periodicals and publishes about 3o,ooo abstracts a year. Papers and books in the history of biology are abstracted in the general section. Also in this section the obituaries of biologists are listed by title and the place of publication is cited.

Plant Breeding Abstracts, published by the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, England, abstracts some historical papers and reviews a few books on the history of biology.

The Scientific Monthly, published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, publishes from 250 to 3oo book reviews a year and includes among these a majority of the books on the history of science published in English.

The Quarterly Review of Biology, with offices at the Johns Hopkins University, publishes about 5oo book reviews a year. It covers nearly all books on the history of biology.

CONWAY ZIRKLE

Bibliographical Aids in the History of Medicine

Undoubtedly the most useful and up-to-date current bibliographical service in the history of medicine is the bulletin issued quarterly by the Wellcome Medical Historical Library (Current Work in the History of Medicine). The Armed Forces Medical Library discontinued publication of the fourth series of its Index Catalogue, a long range bibliographical tool covering all medical literature, but it has attempted to fill the gap by issuing, through the Library of Congress, the Army Medical Library Author Catalog Sup- plement to the Library of Congress Author Catalog for I95o and I95i and the Armed Forces Medical Library Catalog (1952, 1953). The four annual volumes are to be cumulated with that for 1954. The Armed Forces Medical Library also sponsors a highly useful monthly index to our medical literature known as the Current List of Medical Literature which was begun in 194I and is now in its twenty-ninth volume. It

indexes over 1300 journals, and in the November 1955 issue, for example, there were a good many historical references: 31 under history, 112 under biography, 67 under obituaries, and 4 under bibliography. It certainly has the virtue of being up-to-date.

A number of journals devoted to the history of medicine include useful abstracts in the field, notably the Bulletin of the History of Medicine edited by Dr. Owsei Temkin for the American Association of the History of Medicine, and the Journal of the History of Medicine edited by the present annotator. Isis has also been consci- entious in covering material both in the history of medicine and the history of science, and the same is true of Professor Corsini's Rivista di Storia delle Scienze Mediche e Naturali. The Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences also covers medical historical material in its abstracts section.

JoHN F. FULTON, M.D.

Science in Classical Antiquity

The student of ancient Greek and Roman science may profitably employ the bibliographical resources of the classicist.

The most complete current bibliography is that of L'Annee philologique which appears annually (vol. i containing the bibliography for 1925 appeared in 1928, and volume 24 covering the year 1953 appeared in 1955). Under the same auspices, complete bibliographies for the period 1914-1924 appeared in Dix annees de bibliographie classique (published in 1927 and 1929); and for the period I896-I914 the first part (Auteurs et Textes) of Bibliographie de l'antiquite classique appeared in 1951, and presumably the second part will soon be forthcom- ing. An important feature of these bibliographies is that they often summarize the books and articles listed and indicate when, where, and by whom the books were reviewed.

Less complete than L'Annee philologique but very prompt in reporting current literature is the Bibliographische Beilage, which appears four times a year in alternate numbers of Gnomon (Munich).

Presumably still current, but lagging in publication is Klassieke Bibliographie (Utrecht), which last appeared in 1950 with the bibliography for 1945.

The Bibliographische Notizen of the Anzeiger fiur die Altertumswissenschaft (Vienna) are current but not as complete as the others.

No longer current but of importance for the bibliography of past years is the Bibliotheca Philologica Classica, last issued in I938. This series formed a supplement to Bursian's Jahres- bericht uber die Fortschritte der klassischen



250 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RESOURCES

Altertumswissenschaft, in which the literature of every field of classical studies was periodically analyzed in critical articles (see Donald Mac- Fayden's "Fifty Years of Bursian's Jahresbe- richt." Washington University Studies. Human- istic Series I2 [1924] III, containing valuable indexes).

Also no longer current is The Year's Work in Classical Studies (Oxford) ; the last issue appeared in 1950, covering the years 1945-1947.

Of course, valuable bibliographies are contained in the great classical dictionaries and encyclopaedias (Pauly-Wissowa, Daremberg- Saglio, the Oxford Classical Dictionary, the various classical dictionaries edited by William Smith, the appropriate parts of such series as Iwan von Muller's Handbuch der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft, and of A. Gercke and E. Norden, Einleitung in die Alterumswissenschaft, and, on a more modest scale, the appropriate sections of J. E. Sandys, Companion to Latin Studies, and L. Whibley, Companion to Greek Studies). See also the bibliographies in M. R. Cohen and I. E. Drabkin, Source Book in Greek Science, and the relevant parts of J. A. Nairn's Classical Hand-List.

I. E. DRABKIN

Bibliographical Aids in the History of Mathematics

A scholar may keep abreast of most of the significant work in the history of mathematics if he will supplement his use of the Isis "Critical Bibliography" by a check of the relevant entries in the two chief abstracting journals for the field of Mathematics: Mathematical Reviews (American Mathematical Society) and Zentral- blatt fur Mathematik und ihre Grenzbegiete (Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin). These two periodicals appear every month or two, and the first group of entries in each number generally is on history. The historical entries occupy several pages comprising a dozen or two items in most issues. Full citations are given for books, articles, obituary notices, collected works, with an occasional bibliographical note. About half the entries are accompanied by brief reviews or abstracts vary- ing in length from a phrase to a substantial paragraph. In exceptional cases a review of an important work may run to a full page or more. Both of these abstracting journals have been capably edited (Otto Neugebauer was influential in their founding and for many years served as editor, first of Zentralblatt and later of Mathe- matical Reviews), and the evaluations generally are quite reliable. Historical works in mathematical physics and astronomy are included. Both journals have an author index for each

number and two cumulative annual alphabetical indexes: (i) an author index, and (2) a subject index in which the entries on history are broken down into several chronological and cultural headings.

The above two abstracting journals include significant works from all parts of the world and from a wide variety of tongues, including those behind the Iron Curtain. American journals such as Isis, Scripta Mathematica, and The American Mathematical Monthly are of course represented; but neither Zentralblatt nor Mathe- matical Reviews gives systematic coverage to the rather extensive historical material to be found in periodicals devoted largely to mathematical pedagogy. The Mathematics Teacher (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics), for example, frequently publishes papers which are wholly or predominantly historical; and each issue includes a section of several pages (edited by P. S. Jones) entitled "Historically Speaking," and another (edited by W. L. Schaaf) on "Memorabilia Mathematica." A classified bibliography of historical articles which had appeared in The Mathematics Teacher and four other periodicals (The American Mathematical Monthly, National Mathematics Magazine, Scripta Mathematica, and School Science and Mathematics) was published in I952 by C. B. Read as University Studies No. 26 of the Bulle- tin of the Municipal University of Wichita (Kansas). In Europe there are several journals featuring historical material. Each quarterly number of the Bollettino dell' Unione Mate- matica Italiana (Bologna) contains a "Sezione Storico-Didattica" of a score or more pages; and each issue of Archimede (Florence) includes a "Sezione Storico-Bibliografica" (edited by Gino Loria until his death in I954, now edited by Attilio Frajese) of several pages. The Mathematical Gazette (London), Mathesis (Paris), and Jahresbericht der Deutschen Math- ematiker Vereinigung (Stuttgart) frequently have included articles on historical topics. Of the periodicals devoted to mathematical research, the vast majority rarely include papers of historical content, and the exceptional historical article which does appear in them is likely, if it is of some consequence, to be listed in Zentral- blatt or Mathematical Reviews, and in the Bul- letin Analytique of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientique; in each issue are a dozen references with brief abstracts headed "Sciences et Techniques mathematiques;" in the index is a subject heading, "Mathematiques, histoire des."

CARL B. BOYER

In addition to the above sources of citations, the list is considerably augmented by a number of reprints, pamphlets, and books which are sent to the Editor.



TABLE OF CONTENTS 25I

Because of the rapidly growing interest in our field, the volume of literature currently being published is extremely large, and we are quite aware that no single bibliographical guide can be complete. It would be extremely helpful to the field as a whole if we could obtain the services of individual collaborators or national groups who would be willing to supply citations of materials relating to the history of science not normally accessible to us. Recognizing that there are a number of bibliographical efforts parallel to ours, we propose to place at the beginning of each Critical Bibliography a discussion of such bibliographical efforts. A few such references appear at the beginning of this Criti- cal Bibliography, and others will be published at the beginning of later Critical Bibliographies.

The chief compilers of this Critical Bibliog- raphy would like to express their thanks to the above-mentioned contributors, and to the Edi- torial Committee for the publication of Isis

(Marshall Clagett, I. E. Drabkin, John F. Ful- ton, Henry Guerlac, and Conway Zirkle) for their assistance.

Authors of books and articles related to the history of science and its cultural influences are requested to send to the Editor of Isis copies of their books, pamphlets, and papers, so that these may be included in these Critical Bibliog- raphies and eventually reviewed and discussed. In this way such writers will help all others interested in the history of science, and make sure that the fruits of their research will become part of the literature used by scholars. This eighty-first Critical Bibliography contains approximately 2,000 entries.

I. BERNARD COHEN KATHARINE STRELSKY

Widener Library I89 Cambridge 38, Mass.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. History of Science: General References and Tools

HS i History of Science, General Works HS 2 Bibliographies and Bibliographical

Tools HS 3 Historiography and Historical Meth-

od HS 4 Biographical Collections HS 5 Encyclopedias and Compendia of

General Scientific Knowledge

B. Science and Its History from Special Points of View

HS io Philosophy of Science and Methods of Science

HS ii Scientific Institutions HS I2 Scientific Instruments and Special

Techniques HS I3 Scientific Education and History of

Education HS I4 Social Relations of Science HS i5 Humanistic Relations of Science

C. Histories of the Special Sciences HS 20 Philosophy HS 2I Mathematics HS 22 Physical Sciences HS 23 Earth Sciences HS 24 Biological Sciences HS 25 Sciences of Man

HS 26 Medicine and the Medical Sciences HS 27 Technology HS 28 Pseudo-Sciences and Paradoxes HS 29 Disciplines Ancillary to the History

of Science

D. Chronological Classification HS 30 Prehistory and Primitive Societies HS 3I Ancient Near East * HS 32 Science and Learning in Classical

Antiquity to c. A.D. 500

HS 33.1 Middle Ages, Latin Culture and Europe in General, from c. A.D. 500 to c. A.D. I450

HS 33.2 Middle Ages, Byzantium, from c. A.D. 500 to c. A.D. I450

HS 34 Islamic and Related Cultures HS 35.1 India to c. A.D. i6oo HS 35.2 The Far East to c. A.D. i6oo HS 36 Renaissance and Reformation, I450-

i6oo HS 37 Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centur-

ies HS 38 Nineteenth and Twentieth Centur-

ies HS 39 Contemporary Science, from about

I9I4

* We are grateful to the late George Sarton for suggesting that the subdivision, Preclassical Civili- zations, be changed to Ancient Near East.



252 I. HISTORY OF SCIENCE, GENERAL WORKS

A. HISTORY OF SCIENCES: GENERAL REFERENCES & TOOLS

HS 1. HISTORY OF SCIENCE, GENERAL WORKS

(includes works covering two or more of the divisions under C and D below; also

national histories of science)

BABINI, JOSA. La evolucion del pensamiento cientifico en la Argentina. 249 pp., 29 pI. Buenos Aires: Ediciones "La Fragua," I954.

This general survey of the history of science in Argentina contains a supplement on the study of the history of science in that country. I. B. C.

BAUMER, FRANKLIN L. (ed.) Main currents of western thought. Readings in West- ern European intellectual history from the Middle Ages to the present. xvi + 700 pp. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, I952. $5.50.

Reviewed by Thomas S. Kuhn in Isis, 1954, 45: I00.

BENELUX CONGRESS on the History of Science, First. Isis, I954, 45: I97-I98.

BOYER, CARL B. Current thoughts in the history of science. Science, I955, 121: 54I-

543. A running account of the meeting of the

History of Sciencc Society in New York during 29-30 December 1954. C. Z.

CAHEN, GUSTAVE. Les conquetes de la pensee scientifique. vi + 390 pp. ("Les Heures Scientifiques.") Paris: Dunod, I953. 88o fr. Reviewed by Suzanne Colnort in Rev. Hist. Sci.,

1954, 7: 378-379. CALDER, RITCHIE. Science in our lives.

I92 pp. New York: Signet Key Book, New American Library, I955. $.35. The first section is devoted to the Lunar Society.

CARDIFF, IRA D. A million years of human progress. With an introduction by Melvin A. Brannon. xii + I46 pp. New York: Pageant Press, I955. $2.50.

A revised edition of a work published in 1942, a capsule history of the biological development of man, of technology, the arts, and scientific ideas intended to give the reader in one sitting "a perspective on world affairs, past and present, that ordinarily would require months of painstaking study and research."

COHEN, I. BERNARD. Present status and needs of the history of science. Proc. Amer. philos. Soc., I955, 99: 343-347.

COHEN, MORRIS R. American thought. A critical sketch. 360 pp. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, I954. $5.00.

Reviewed by Philip B. Perlman in Sci. Mon., 1955, 8o: 378-379-

COHEN, ROBERT S. Alternative interpretations in the history of science. Sci. Mon., I955, 8o: iii-ii6.

CONDIT, CARL W. [Teaching of the history of science at] Northwestern University. Isis, I955, 46: 284-285.

CROMBIE, A. C. Augustine to Galileo: The history of science A.D. 400-I650. xv + 436 pp., ill. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, I953. 42S. $8.oo. Reviewed by Dorothy Stimson in 1. Hist. Med.,

1954, 9: 379-38I; by Curtis Wilson in Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 391-394; by Pearl Kibre in Scr. math., 1955, 2I: 177-178.

CROMBIE, A. C. Oxford's contribution to the origins of modern science. 27 pp. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, I954. 2S. 6d. Reviewed by William B. Walker in 1. Hist. Med.,

1955, IO: 439-440; by Friedrich Klemm in Sud- hofis Arch., 1955, 39: 284.

DIJKSTERHUIS, E. J. Ad quanta intelligenda condita. 27 pp. Amsterdam: J. M. Meulen- hoff [I955] Rede uitgesproken bij de aan- varaarding van het ambt van buitgewoon hoogleraar in de Geschiedenis van de Wis- kunde en de Exacte Natuurwetenschappen aan de Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden op Vrijdag 2I Januari I955.

DINGLE, HERBERT. The scientific adventure. Essays in the history and philosophy of science. ix + 372 pp., ill., pl. London: Pit- man & Sons, I952. New York: Philosophical Library, I953. $6.oo. Reviewed by Waldo H. Furgason in Sci. Mon.,

1954, 78: 329; by Alexandre Koyre in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 349-351.

DISSERTATIONS in progress in the History of Science. Isis, I954, 45: I99-200.

DOCTORATES in the History of Science. Isis, I954, 45: 200.

EYLES, JOAN M. Scientific centenaries in I955. Nature, I955, 175: 8-I2.

EYLES, V. A. Scientific activity in the Bristol region in the past. In Bristol and its adjoin- ing counties (Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd., I955), pp. I23-I43, 3 pl.

FLEMING, DONALD. Science and technology in Providence I760-I914: an essay on the history of Brown University in the metropolitan community. (Brown University Papers, 26.) 54 pp., ill. Providence: Brown University, I952. $I.25.

Reviewed by John B. Blake in 1. Hist. Med., 1955, 10: 254-255.



I. HISTORY OF SCIENCE, GENERAL WORKS 253

FORBES, R. J. The "precision" element in the history of science and technology. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 489-49I.

FRANK, PHILIPP S. The variety of reasons for the acceptance of scientific theories. Sci. Mon., I954, 79: I39-I45.

GIBSON, WILLIAM C. Significant scientific discoveries by medical students. Sci. Mon., I955, 8I: 22-26.

Describing some important discoveries in chemistry, physics, anatomy and physiology made by undergraduates in medicine in the i8th and Tgth centuries. C. Z.

GILBERT, PAUL. [Teaching of the history of science at] Lawrence College. Isis, I955, 46: 284.

GLODEN, A. Liste des travaux d'histoire des sciences et de la technique dus a des Luxem- bourgeois de I839 i I953. ii pp. Luxembourg, I953. Reviewed by R. T. in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 99.

HAHN, ROGER. The congress at Caen. Isis, I955, 46: 283.

HALL, A. R. The scientific revolution, I500- i8oo. The formation of the modern scientific attitude. xvii + 390 pp., front., I2 fig., 3 app., bibl. notes. London-New York-Toron- to: Longmans, Green and Co., I954. 2IS.

Reviewed by Marie Boas in Isis, 1955, 46: 304- 305; by A. Armitage in Ann. Sci., 1955, 11: 99O-I0.

HALL, A. R. (Teaching of the history of science at] Cambridge University, England. Isis, I955, 46: 285-286.

HAMSHAW, THOMAS H. The history of science in modern education. Nature, I954,

74: 48I-483.

[HISTORY OF SCIENCE] Actes du VI' Con- gr6s International d'Histoire des Sciences, Amsterdam, I4-2I aofut I950. Volume 2, pp.

429-722. Paris: Hermann & Cie., I953.

i 8oo fr.

HISTORY, PHILOSOPHY, and sociology of science, Conference on the. Sponsored by the American Philosophical Society and the National Science Foundation in the Hall of the Society, io & ii February I955. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., I955, 99: 327-354.

This is the report of the conference sponsored by the National Scicnce Foundation on the history, philosophy and sociology of science (see Isis, 1955, 46: 282-283). Of chief interest to the historian of science will be Richard H. Shryock's "The nature of the conference and its implications," and I. Bernard Cohen's "Present status and needs of the history of science." As a result of the Confcr- ence, the National Science Foundation has established pre- and postdoctoral fellowships, for which historians of science may apply, and will entertain

proposals for grants in support of research in the history of science.

HUTCHINSON, G. EVELYN. Marginalia. Amer. Scientist, '954, 42: 300-308. A history of (a) the dodo and solitaire, and (b)

the Piltdown man. C. Z.

JORAVSKY, DAVID. Soviet views on the history of science. Isis, I955, 46: 3-I5.

KERKER, MILTON. [Teaching of the history of science at] Clarkson College of Technology. Isis, I955, 46: 284.

LEHMAN, HARVEY C. Men's creative production rate at different ages and in different countries. Sci. Mon., I954, 78: 32I-326,

7 fig.

MADDISON, R. E. W. Notes on some members of the Hanckwitz family in England. Ann. Sci., i955, II: 64-73, 2 pI.

MADRAS, SAMUEL. The historical approach to chemical concepts. J. chem. Educ., I955,

32: 593-598.

MASON, S. F. Main currents of scientific thought. A history of the sciences. viii + 520 pp. New York: Henry Schuman; Lon- don: Routledge & Kegan Paul, I953. 28s.

Reviewed by Robert C. Stauffer in Isis, 1954, 45: 201-202; by Raymond J. Seeger in Sci. Mon., 1955, 8o: 62-63; by C. Doris Hellman in Scr. math., 1955, 21: 62-64; by A. R. Hall in Nature, 1954, 173: 372; by I. Bernard Cohen in Bull. Hist. Med., 1955, 29: 279- 280.

MATOUSEK, OTAKAR. A methodical study of the history of science in Bohemia. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I955, 34: 264-269.

MAY, EDUARD. Ueber einige Neuere Werke zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaft und Naturphilosophie. Phios. nat., I955, 3: 274- 278.

NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS Commission. A national program for the publication of historical documents: a report to the President by the National Historical Publications Commission. viii + io6 pp. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Of- fice, I954. $.50. Reviewed by John B. Blake in 1. Hist. Med.,

1955, so: 451.

NEUGEBAUER, 0. The exact sciences in antiquity. ix + I9I pp. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard; Princeton: Princeton Univer- sity Press; London: Geoffrey Cumberlege, Ox- ford University Press, I95I.

Reviewed by Jean Itard in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 286-288; by D. J. Struik in Scr. math., 1953, 19: 248-250; by E. J. Dijksterhuis in Centaurus, 1954, 3: 244-245.



254 I. HISTORY OF SCIENCE, GENERAL WORKS

PELSENEER, JEAN. Les persecutions contre les savants en Belgique. Flambeau, I954, no. 6, 636-65I.

PRIX BINOUX. Isis, I954, 45: 293.

PUTMAN, JACQUES. Pour une histoire irra- tionaliste des sciences. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I955, 34: 56-58.

REINGOLD, NATHAN. The National Ar- chives and the history of science in America. Isis, I955, 46: 22-28.

RONCHI, VASCO; ROBERTO ALMAGIA. History of Science, Eighth international congress. Isis, I955, 46: 279.

RUBINSTEIN, BERTHA W. Conference on the history, philosophy and sociology of science. Isis, I955, 46: 282-283.

SARTON, GEORGE. A guide to the history of science. xviii + 3I6 pp. Waltham, Mass.: Chronica Botanica Co.; New York: Stechert- Hafner, I952. $7.50.

Reviewed by Marie Boas in Scr. math., I953, 19: 256-257.

SARTON, GEORGE. A history of science: ancient science through the Golden Age of Greece. xxvi + 646 pp. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, I952. $10.00.

Reviewed by Max H. Fisch in Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 280-287; by Carl B. Boyer in Scr. math., 1954, 20: 178-I80.

SARTON, GEORGE. The astral religion of antiquity and the "Thinking machines" of today. Vistas in astronomy, I955, I: 5I-60.

SARTON, GEORGE. The history of science in Poland. Isis, I955, 46: 279.

SARTON, GEORGE. The Jerusalem Congress. Isis, I954, 45: 63-77, 2 fig.

SARTON, GEORGE. [Story of science.] Per- sian translation by Ahmad Birashk of Life of Science (I948). 272 pp. Teheran: Ebne- sina, I955.

SCHIMANK, HANS. Naturwissenschaften und Technik in ihrer Wechselwirkung. Veroff. Ges. int. Wiss., I952, Heft 2, pp. I-20.

SCHMITZ-CLIEVER, EGON. Ergebnisse seuchengeschichtlicher Untersuchungen fur die Reichsstadt Aachen bis zum Ausgang des i8. Jahrhunderts. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 289- 302.

SCHREIBER, Prof. Dr. Deutscher Wissen- schaftsorganisation von der Zeit Bismarcks bis zur Gegenwart. Verdff. Ges. int. Wiss., 1952, Heft 2, pp. 21-23.

SCIENCE MILESTONES. The story of the epic scientific achievements and the men who made them possible. Part I, 460 B.C.-i64O

A.D., In which some principles are established. Part 2, I64I-I82I, In which some applications are made. Part 3, I822-I954,

The march toward new horizons. 312 pp.,

many photographs and fig. Chicago-New York: Windsor Press, I934. $5.00. Edited by George B. Clementson, this volume

contains stories of great scientists, which have been published in Science Digest.

SIMMONS, R. H. The history of science: a neglected area in college teaching. Turtox News, I954, 32, no. 7, July, 3 pp.

TAYLOR, F. SHERWOOD t. An illustrated history of science. Illustrated by A. R. Thomson. xii + I78 pp. New York: Fred- erick A. Praeger, 955. $5.00.

Based on the annual Christmas lectures for young people at the Royal Institution, delivered in 1953, on "the historic experiments of natural science," this brief history of science was written "around the theme of these experiments, which were demonstrated in a fashion as near as possible to that of their originators." The well written text has all the excellent qualities which we have come to associate with Dr. Taylor's work, but many readers will raise eyebrows at the illustrations prepared by Mr. Thom- son. In each case of a modern reconstruction, however, Dr. Taylor gives notes "to inform the reader how far the drawings specially made for this book are based upon records and how far upon inference and imagination." The reader is asked to accept these pictures "not as authoritative sources, but as a synthesis of what has been transmitted by documents and what the author and artist know about the ways of life in days gone by." The author hopes that these reconstructions on "windows on the past" will nevertheless provide "the means of forming a visual idea of the men and events that brought science to its present position of pre- eminence." I. B. C.

TAYLOR, F. SHERWOOD. Presidential address (I953): Reflections on the writing of the history of science. Bull. Brit. Soc. Hist. Sci., I954, I: 239-245.

TAYLOR, F. SHERWOOD. A short history of science and scientific thought: with readings from the great scientists from the Baby- lonians to Einstein. 368 pp. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., I949. $5.00. Reviewed by Richard Harrison Shryock in Scr.

math., 1953, 19: 251-252.

TIMPANARO, SEBASTIANO. Scritti di storia e critica della scienza. [Florence]: Sansoni, [1953 ?] Reviewed in Sci. veterum, 1953, 2, no. 2, p. 7.

UNDERWOOD, E. ASHWORTH (editor). Sci- ence, medicine, and history. Essays on the evolution of scientific thought and medical practice, written in honour of Charles Singer. 2 vols. 1210 pp., io6 half-tone pl., many text ill. London-New York-Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1953. ? II. $45.00.



I. HISTORY OF SCIENCE -2. BIBLIOGRAPHIES 255 Reviewed by George Sarton in Isis, 1954, 45:

203-204; by E. N. da C. Andrade in Nature, I954, 173: 65I-652.

VAN DE VELDE, A. J. J. De natuurwetenschappen. Vlaanderen door de eeuwen keen, pp. 373-386, 7 fig. [n.p., n.d.]

VAN DE VELDE, A. J. J. L'histoire des sciences et la division de l'histoire de l'hu- manite. Rev. Hist. Sci., 1955, 8: 97-102.

WALTER, EMIL J. Die Pflege der exakten Wissenschaften (Astronomie, Mathematik, Kartenkunde, Physik und Chemie) in alten Zurich. Vjschr. naturf. Ges. Ziurich, I95I,

96: 1-113.

WATERMAN, ALAN T. Acceptance of science. Sci. Mon., I955, 8o: 10-14.

ZEITLIN, SOLOMON. The antiquity of the Hebrew scrolls and the Piltdown hoax: a parallel. Jewish quart. Rev., 1954, 45: 1-29.

HS 2. BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND BIBLIO- GRAPHICAL TOOLS

(specific bibliographies, restricted in subject or time, should be consulted under the appropriate

sub-headings of B, C, or D)

ARTELT, W. Index zur Geschichte der Medi- zin, Naturwissenschaft und Technik. Unter Mitwirkung von J. Steudel, W. Hartner, 0. Mahr. Erster Band. 398 pp. Munchen-Berlin: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1953. Reviewed by H. Fischer in Gesnerus, 1955, 12:

69-70; by Ernest Wickersheimer in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: I92-I94; by H. E. Sigerist in Sudhoffs Archiv., 1954, 38: I88-i89; by George Rosen in J. Hist. Med., I955, I0: 244-245; by Walter Pagel in Isis, 1954, 45: I09.

BLOCH, JOSHUA (compiler). The people and the book. The background of three hundred years of Jewish life in America. A tricen- tennial exhibition at the New York Public Library, sponsored by the Louis M. Rabino- witz Foundation, October-December, 1954. An annotated list of illuminated manuscripts, rare books, authentic documents and related materials. 134 pp., 26 ill. New York: The New York Public Library, 1954. $2.00. Although some of the works exhibited are

American Judaica, most are not. Included are many works of interest to the historian of science, such as the Hebrew translation of Avicenna's Canon, "the first and only one of the many versions of that work to be printed," a Hebrew version of Thomas Aquinas, and scientific tracts of Maimonides, Levi ben Gershon, and others.

I. B. C. CLARK, KENNETH W. (editor). Checklist of

manuscripts in St. Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai, microfilmed for the Library of

Congress, 1950. 53 pp., front. Washington: Library of Congress Photoduplication Serv- ice, 1952. $.50.

[DEGOLYER COLLECTION] A checklist of the E. DeGolyer Collection in the history of science and technology, as of i August 1954.

Compiled by Arthur McAnally and Duane H. D. Roller. 127 pp., I facsimile. Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1954. "The E. DeGolyer Collection in the History of

Science and Technology was established at the University of Oklahoma in December, 1949, with the initial gift of six hundred rare volumes. Since that time the generosity of Mr. DeGolyer has made possible the steady expansion of the Collection. The first check list, issued in 1953, contained about twclve hundred entries, representing about five thousand volumes-the state of the Collection on August I, I954. Expansion has steadily continued since that date." This checklist should greatly increase the use of the magnificent E. DeGolyer collection. May it flourish and growl

DENNIS, WAYNE. Bibliographies of eminent scientists. Sci. Mon., 1954, 79: I80-I82.

DIBNER, BERN. Heralds of science as represented by two hundred epochal books and pamphlets selected from the Burndy Library. (Burndy Library, Publication No. 12.) 96 pp., many pl. Norwalk, Conn.: Burndy Li- brary, 1955. $2.00.

Each of the books in this catalogue is described fully, together with a brief account of its importance in the history of science. In many cases some indication is given of the holdings of the Burndy Library relating to the author or subject. There are many handsome illustrations. The subject divisions are: Astronomy, Botany, Chemistry, Elec- tricity and magnetism, General science, Geology, Mathematics, Medicine, Physics, Technology, and Zoology. I. B. C.

EIGHTIETH CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY of the history of science and its cultural influences. Isis, 1955, 46: 111-2 20.

EYLES, V. A. Bibliography and the history of science. J. Soc. Bibl. nat. list., 1955,

3: 63-7I, front.

HALL, HARVEY P. Annual survey of research in progress on the Middle East. Isis, 1955, 46: 55.

ISIS. Microcarded volumes of early issues. Isis, 1954, 45: 197.

REICHARDT, GVNTHER. Die Bedeutung der Annotation fUr Bibliographie und Kata- log. Bibliothek-Bibhothekar-Bibliothekswis- senschaft, Festschrift Joris Vorstius zum 60. Geburtstag dargebracht (Leipzig: Otto Har- rassowitz, 1954), pp. 86-i09.

ROUNDS, DOROTHY; STERLING DOW. Festschriften. Harvard Libr. BuU., I954, 8: 283-298.



256 2. BIBLIOGRAPHIES - 3. HISTORIOGRAPHY

"In the first part of this article we attempt (i) to summarize what has been written about Fest- schriften in general, (2) to list all the indexes thus far published of Festschriften in one such field, namely, the classical."

RUSSO, FRANQOIS. Histoire des sciences et des techniques. Bibliographie. (Actualites scientifiques et industrielles, no. 1204.) Paris: Hermann, 1954. Reviewed by George Sarton in Isis, 1954, 45:

204-205; by Marie Boas in Scr. math., 1955, 21:

176-177; by J. P. in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1955,

34: 273-274.

THORNTON, JOHN L.; R. I. J. TULLY. Scientific books, libraries, and collectors. A study of bibliography and the book trade in relation to science. x + 288 pp. London: The Library Association, 1954. 24sh. The authors "have endeavoured to record the

chief writings of every prominent scientific author, with details of the more important printed editions of his works, referring those interested to sources providing fuller details. . . . The professional historian of science will find little new in these pages, but the student of the subject, and the scientist searching for 'bibliographical gaps,' will find between two covers an accumulated wealth of material on the bibliography of science." Much information is provided on the "history of the production, distribution, and storage of scientific literature from the earliest times."

The first portion deals with scientific literature before printing, incunabula, scientific books of the i6th century, of the 17th century, of the period from 1700-1799, of the igth century. Later parts present scientific societies, scientific periodicals, scientific bibliographers, and bibliographies, private scientific libraries, scientific publishing and bookselling, and scientific libraries of today. There is a bibliography and index.

The authors necessarily have introduced a great deal of information about scientists and their books and have thus written a history of science from a special point of view. Considering the number of books and authors mentioned, it is not surprising that there are slips and omissions. Thus Cousin's edition of Descartes is given as "the complete works," without mentioning the later edition of Adam and Tannery. Thomas Harriot and Blaise Pascal appear for their mathematic works, but the former's book on Virginia and the latter's treatise on fluids are absent; one seeks in vain for Mersenne. Gray's and Zeitlinger's bibliographies of Newton are listed, but not the catalogue of the Babson Collection. Euler's widely printed and translated Letters to a German Princess is omitted; no mention is made of Menno Hertzberger's valuable checklist of Boerhaave's writings; nor can one find Hauy, CErsted, Woehler, or Lothar Meyer. It is always easier to spot omissions than to collect such a vast amount of information, and we must not, therefore, be ungrateful.

For general reading, the most interesting chapters are those dealing with the growth of periodi- cal literature, scientific libraries, and scientific publishing and bookselling. This is a worthy com-

panion to place alongside such works as Sarton's First Guide [=Horus], Russo's checklist, and similar bibliographical aids. I. B. C.

Reviewed by W. B. McDaniel in 1. Hist. Med., 1955, 10: 447-448; by J. R. Partington in Ann. Sci., 1955, *ii: 99; by F. Sherwood Taylor in Endeavour, 1955, 14: 159.

TOWNSEND, A. C. Guides to scientific literature. J. Documentation, 1955, rI: 73-78.

HS 3. HISTORIOGRAPHY AND HIS- TORICAL METHOD

(includes general works on history, histories of the history of science and such ancillary disciplines as paleography, chronology, bibliophilia,

and general works on the subject)

BARKER, SIR ERNEST; SIR GEORGE CLARK; P. VAUCHER. The European inheritance. 3 vols. Vol. i, Prehistory; Greece and Rome; The Jews and the beginnings of the Christian Church; The Middle Ages. Xxviii + 543 pp., 24 pI., 12 maps. Vol. 2,

The early modern period; Political, economic and social development in the i8th century; the development of literature and culture in the i8th century. xxviii + 391 pp., 15 pL., 5 maps. Vol. 3, The nineteenth century (I8I5-I9I4), I914-50; Review and epilogue. xxviii + 406 pp., 12 pI., 7 maps. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press, 1954. ?5. 5s. net, or 42S. each vol. This work originated during the War at a con-

ference of the ministers of education of eight allied governments then resident and active in London. It is divided into seven chronological parts (from the beginning of prehistory to the middle of the twentieth century), each accompanied by maps, illustrations, and primary historical documents. Each section is written by a specialist. Thus Daniel Mornet presents the development of literature and culture in the eighteenth century, G. N. Clarke the early modern period, and V. Gordon Childe prehistory. I. B. C.

BRINTON, CRANE; JOHN B. CHRISTO- PHER; ROBERT LEE WOLFF. A history of civilization. Vol. i, Prehistory to 1715. xviii + 686 pp. Vol. 2, I7I5 to the present. xiv + 722 pp. New York: Prentice-Hall, I955. $5.95 each vol. These volumes present on a grand scale the

political, social, economic and intellectual history of the world. Beautifully printed and magnificently illustrated, there are even characteristic pictures to symbolize every chapter in the table of contents. Beginning with prehistory and ending with the 1950's, the treatment throughout is streamlined rather than detailed. A considerable amount of spacc in the first volume is devoted to displaying the history of science as a part of civilization; the treatment in the second volume is somewhat briefer, with only a small section on science in the eight-



3. HISTORIOGRAPHY -4. BIOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS 257

eenth century (in contrast to the treatment of the seventeenth century, in which there is a descriptive and interpretive account of the developments in the separate sciences). In the nineteenth century, the only aspects of science mentioned are evolution and Darwinism, the work in psychology of Pavlov and Freud. The index contains the name of Eisen- hower, but not Einstein. As an initiation into history, these well written and attractive volumes should provide a delightful experience for the student and the teacher. I. B. C.

BURY, J. B. The idea of progress. An inquiry into its origins and growth. Introduction by Charles A. Beard. xl + 357 pp. (ist ed. 1932) New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1955. $3.95 cloth, $I.85 paper. A reprint of a classic, long out of print.

CROCE, B. Il concetto della storia. Antologia a cura di A. Parente. 256 pp. Bari: G. Laterz & Figli, 1954. Lire 950, unbound.

DEL GUERRA, G. La storia come scienza; la storia della scienza e la storia della medicina. Sci. veterum, 1954, 2: no. 4, pp. I-5.

DENTAN, ROBERT C. et al. The idea of history in the ancient Near East. (Lectures of the Department of Near Eastern Lan- guages and Literatures at Yale University.) Edited by Robert C. Dentan, with a preface by Julian Obermann. ix + 376 pp. New Haven: Yale University Press; London: Geof- frey Cumberlege, Oxford University Press, I955. $5.00. Contains these essays: Preface, by Julian Ober-

mann; Ancient Egypt, by Ludlow Bull; Ancient Mesopotamia, by E. A. Speiser; Ancient Persia, by George C. Cameron; Ancient Israel, by Millar Burrows; The Hellenistic Orient, by C. Bradford Welles; Earliest Christianity, by Erich Dinkler; Patristic Christianity, by Roland H. Bainton; Early Islam, by Julian Obermann; and The Twentieth- Century West and the Ancient Near East, by Paul Schubert.

EASTON, STEWART C. The heritage of the past, from the earliest times to the close of the Middle Ages. xx + 795 pp., 75 maps, 214 ill. New York: Rinehart & Company, I955. $6.oo. Designed as a textbook for college students, this

work indicates the growth of intercst in the history of science by the space given to science and mathematics in each of the historical periods.

FUETER, EDUARD. Wichtige Beitraige zur modernen Historiographie. Schweiz. Z. Gesch., I955, 5: 376-382. Apropos of: Heinrich Ritter von Srbik, Geist

und Geschichte vom deutschen Humanismus bis zur Gegenwart (2 Bande. xii + 437 pp.; Xii + 421 pp. Salzburg: Otto Muller Verlag, 1950- I95I), and George Peabody Gooch, History and historians in the nineteenth century (rev. ed., with a new introduction; xxxi + 547 pp. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1953).

HODGEN, MARGARET T. Similarities and dated distributions. Amer. Anthropologist, 1950, 52: 445-447.

KOCHAN, LIONEL. Acton on history. I84 pp. London: Andre Deutsch Ltd., 1954.

$3.00. The author has made use of "the notes, now

located at the University Library, Cambridge, that Acton compiled for his unwritten life's work- The History of Liberty."

MARROU, HENRI-IRENEE. De la connaissance historique. 299 pp. (Collection "Esprit.") Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1954.

750 fr.

SCHLEIFFER, HEDWIG; RUTH CRAN- DALL. Index to economic history essays in Festschriften, I900-i950. With a preface by Arthur H. Cole. 68 pp. Cambridge: published by Arthur H. Cole and distributed by the Harvard University Press, I953. $2.50. This valuable index lists items by subject within

general historical and geographical divisions, with a special section on economic thought. This exemplary work may be taken as a model when the same type of useful publication is done for the history of science. I. B. C.

SOCIAL SCIENCES in historical study. A report of the Committee on Historiography. Bulletin 64. x + i8i pp. New York: Social Science Research Council, I954.

WESTERGAARD, WALDEMAR. Danish history and Danish historians. J. mod. Hist., I952, 24: I67-I80.

WHITEHILL, WALTER MUIR; Julian P. Boyd; Leonard W. Labaree; L. H. Butter- field; Wilmarth S. Lewis; Waldo G. Leland. Publishing the papers of great men. Daedalus, I955, 86: 47-79.

HS 4. BIOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS

(individual biographies are listed under D)

ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES, Institut de France. Annuaire pour I954. 253 pp. Paris: Gauthier-Villars ['9551. As usual, this handy guide contains brief biog-

raphies of all the members since the foundation, tables for associations, correspondents, and officers.

I. B. C.

DICTIONNAIRE de biographie franqaise. Sous la direction de M. Prevost et Roman d'Amat. Fasc. XXXIX, Brun-Cabre. Paris: Letouzey et Ane, I955, pp. 5I4-767.

LE COMTE, EDWARD S. (compiler). Dic- tionary of last words. Xxix + 267 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, I955. $5.00.

The "last words" of important figures from all walks of life, for those interested in the macabre aspects of human existence. I. B. C.



258 5. ENCYCLOPEDIAS - 10. PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

HS 5. ENCYCLOPEDIS AND COMPENDI OF GENERAL SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

(general works only; those devoted to a special period or person are found below

under D)

BAITSELL, GEORGE (editor). Science in progress, gth series. 343 pp., I53 ill. New Haven: Yale University Press, i955. $6.50. Contains ten essays: Present knowledge of hu-

man heredity, and its applications, by Laurence H. Snyder; Two or three bristles, by Curt Stern; The significance of ergocrines in agricultural practice, by E. J. Kraus; The physiology of growth in plant tissues, by Kenneth V. Thimann; The molecular basis of visual excitation, by George Wald; The impact of nuclear science on medicine, by Lee E. Farr; Nuclear magnetism, by Felix Bloch; Transistor physics, by William Shockley; Suspension bridges: the aerodynamic problem and its solution, by D. B. Steinman; Color and chemical constitution, by Wallace R. Brode.

NEWMAN, JAMES R. What is science? Twelve eminent scientists and philosophers explain their various fields to the layman. 493 pp. New York: Simon and Schuster, '955. $4.95. Contains the following: Introduction, by James

R. Newman; Science and human life, by Bertrand Russell; Mathematics and logic, by Sir Edmund

Taylor Whittaker; Astronomy and cosmology, by Hermann Bondi; Physics, by Edward U. Condon; Chemistry, by John Read; Biochemistry, by Ernest Baldwin; Biology, by Warder Clyde Allee; Evolu- tion and genetics, by Julian Huxley; Psychology, by Edwin G. Boring; Anthropology, by Clyde Kluckhohn; Psychoanalysis, by Erich Fromm; Science as foresight, by Jacob Bronowski; a bibliography and index.

SCHUDER, WERNER (editor). Universitas litterarum. Handbuch der Wissenschafts- kunde. Unter Mitarbeit zahlreicher Fach- gelehrter in Verbindung mit Willy Hoppe, Giinther Ludwig, Wieland Schmidt. Erste Lieferung: Einleitung; Mathematik; Physik; Chemie (beginnend). 8o pp. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1953. DM 6.5o. The aim of these brief surveys, each to cover a

single branch of learning, is "die Gesamtheit der Wissenschaften." In each case there is a brief presentation of methods and branches of the subject, a bird's-eye view of its history, and its philosophy, and a bibliography and guide to journals. Joachim Otto Fleckenstein presents mathematics (arithmetic & algebra; geometrical methods; function theory & calculus), and Gunther Ludwig, physics (classical mechanics; thermodynamics; electricity, magnetism, optics; relativity; atoms, molecules, quantum mechanics; elementary particles, cosmic rays). In this fascicule, only the beginning of chemistry, by Ursula Degenhard, is included.

B. SCIENCE AND ITS HISTORY FROM SPECIAL POINTS OF VIEW

(includes works involving two or more subjects or chronological periods)

HS 10. PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND METHODS OF SCIENCE

(general works only; those devoted to a special period or person are found below under D)

BERLIN-MILLERON, Prof. L'expression bio- sociologique de la plante, les mythes vegetaux et la m6thode en philosophie des sciences. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 276-28i. Also in: Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 66i- 666.

BORING, E. G. Dual role of the Zeitgeist in scientific creativity. Sci. Mon., ig95, 8o: ioi- io6.

BRIDGMAN, P. W. Science and common sense. Sci. Mon., 1954, 7.9: 32-39.

BRONOWSKI, J. The logic of experiment. Nature, 1953, I7I: 5 pp.

BUCHDAHL, G. Induction and scientific method. Mind, I95, 60: I6-34.

CONANT, JAMES B. Modern science and modern man. iii pp. New York: Columbia University Press, 1952. $2.25. Reviewed by Eleanor R. Webster in Arch. in:.

Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 76-77; by Francis A. Sevier in Scr. math., 1954, 20: 8i. DEWEY, JOHN. Evolution and Ethics. Sci.

Mon., 1954, 78: 57-66. Reprinted from The Monist, I897-1901, 8.

DINGLE, HERBERT. Philosophical aspects of cosmology. Vistas in astronomy, 1955, I: I62-I66.

FARBER, EDUARD. Forces and substances of life. Osiris, 1954, zz: 422-437.

FLEW, ANTHONY (editor). Essays on logic and language. vii + 206 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, 1951. $3.75. Reviewed by Joseph T. Clark, S.J., in Mod.

Schoolman. FRANK, PHILIPP. The origin of the separa-

tion between science and philosophy. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., 1952, 8o: 115-139.



10. PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 259 GOODMAN, NELSON. Fact, fiction & forecast.

126 pp. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, I955. $3.00.

This discussion of "the nature of scientific laws and lawlike (or projectible) hypotheses" will be of interest to the philosopher of science. I. B. C.

HARTMANN, MAX. Prozess und Gesetz in Physik und Biologie. Phiios. nat., 1953, 2:

277-292.

HAY, WILLIAM H. Professor Carnap and probability. Philos. Sci., 1952, 1g: 170-177.

HOFERT, HANS-JOACHIM. Nicolai Hart- manns Ontologie und die Natur-philosophie. Philos. nat., 1950, z: 36-55.

KOYRA, ALEXANDER. Influence of philosophic trends on the formulation of scientific theories. Sci. Mon., 1955, 8o: 107-110.

LATIL, PIERRE DE. La pensee artificielle. 332 pp., schemas, 6 photos. Paris: Galli- mard, 1953. Reviewed by Suzanne Colnort-Bodet in Rev.

Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: I96.

LENZEN, VICTOR F. Causality in natural science. 121 pp. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas; Oxford, England: Blackwell Scien- tific Publications, Inc.; Toronto: Ryerson Press, I954. $3.00. This is Publication 213 in the American Lecture

Series, and deals with the nature of causality in general and its role in classical physics, biology, and relativity. The final section is devoted to causality and quanta. The presentation, written for philosophers, is as non-technical as the subject permits. I. B. C.

MACDONALD, MARGARET (editor). Phi- losophy and analysis. A selection of articles published in Analysis between 1933-40 and I947-53. Viii + 296 pp. New York: Phil- osophical Library, I954. $7.50.

MAUGE, FRANCIS. La synthese totale des sciences, ses conditions et son principe. (Ac- tualit6s Scientifiques et Industrielles, 1223.) 192 pp. Pari: Hermann et Cie., I955. 1200 fr. "La synthUse demeure l'iddal supreme du phi-

losophe comme du savant. Si elle se realisait, une solution serait trouvee aux problemes jusqu'ici in- solubles qui angoissent l'homme comme aux an- tinomies qui obscurcissent notre connaissance."

MAY, EDUARD. "Monographien zur Natur- philosophie, Erkenntnistheorie und Geschichte der Naturwissenschaft" und "Beihefte zur Philosophia naturalis." Phios. nat., 1952, 2:

I3V.

MEURERS, JOSEPH. Philosophie und Natur- wissenschaft. Pkilos. nat., I950, I: 337-347.

MITTASCH, ALWIN. Akausalitat ? Pkilos. nat., I950, Z: 577-588.

MOSER, SIMON. Berichte und Mitteilungen zur "Geschichte der Natur." Phkios. nat., 1951, I: 435-438.

PARDO, RAYMUNDO. El caricter evolutivo de la raz6n en la epistemologia de L. Rougier y en la epistemologia del empirismo filosofico. Estudio comparativo. 12 pp. Buenos Aires: Sociedad Argentina de Filosofia, 1954.

REICHENBACH, HANS. The rise of scientific philosophy. xi + 333 pp. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951. $3.75. Reviewed by I. Bernard Cohen in Sci. Mon.,

1951, 73: 328-329.

REISER, OLIVER L. Unified symbolism for world understanding in science, including Bliss symbols (semantography) and logic, cybernetics and semantics. 52 mim. pp. Sydney, Australia: Semantography Pub. Co., 5 Maroubra Bay Rd., Pagewood, Sydney N.S.W., 1953.

SANTILLANA, GIORGIO DE. Lights and shadows in the philosophy of science. (Pub- lications in the Humanities, No. 9, M.I.T.) Confluence, 1954, 3: 187-195.

SCHLEGEL, RICHARD. On the possibility of universal knowledge. J. gen. Educ., 1952, 6: I29-I35.

STIERNOTTE, A. P. Scientists as philosophers. Amer. Scientist, I954, 42: 650-657.

TOULMIN, STEPHEN. The philosophy of science. An introduction. viii + I76 pp. London-New York, etc.: Hutchinson's Uni- versity Library, I953 (I955). 8s. 6d. Assuming no deep knowledge of mathematics or

science, the author has concentrated on a "knot of problems . . . [that] underlie the whole range of topics constituting 'the philosophy of science'; without some understanding of these issues, one can . . . neither assess the relevance of mathematical logic to the sciences, nor appreciate the true status of those 'religions without revelation' sometimes built upon them." Almost all of the scientific material comes from the physical sciences. Great stress is placed on the separation between com- monsense and scientific accounts of physical phenomena; the role of hypotheses, theories and laws of nature in science; and the place of mathematics in scientific explanation. Well written, with a minimum of jargon, this small book should serve as a useful introduction to the subject. I. B. C.

VAN LAER, P. HENRY. Philosophico-scientific problems. Translated by Henry J. Koren. DuQuesne Studies, Philosophical Studies 3. xi + I68 pp. Pittsburgh: Du- Quesne University Press, 1953. Paper $2.50, cloth $3.25. This volume comprises seven studies of prob-

lems in which "philosophy and science converge." The value of Thomistic philosophy in the study of physical science; Extension as a criterion of



26o IO. PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE - I I. SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS

matter; The principle of verification; The possibility of action at a distance; Causality, determinism, pre- visibility and modern science; Causality and finality with respect to physical science; The difference between mathematics and science.

WEIN, HERMANN. Heutiges Verhaltnis und Missverhaltnis von Philosophie und Natur- wissenschaft. Philos. nat., I950, I: 56-75; I89-222.

WEIN, HERMANN. Ueber die Bemerkungen von Moser und Schr6dinger zu C. F. v. Weitzsdckers "Geschichte der Natur." Philos. nat., I95I, I: 438-445. Apropos of von Weitzicker's History of nature.

WHITTAKER, Sir EDMUND. Le com- mencement et la fin du monde; Hasard, libre arbitre et necessite. Trad. P. Humbert. i86 pp. Paris: A. Michel, Cahiers de la Coll. "Sciences d'Aujourd'hui," I953.

Reviewed by B. Rochot in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 93. WINN, RALPH B. (editor). American phi-

losophy. xviii + 318 pp. New York: Phil- osophical Library, I955. $6.oo. A series of essays on various aspects of philoso-

phy in general, American philosophy in particular, followed by a series of selections from "American Thinkers." An introductory essay by A. Cornelius Benjamin presents "Philosophy of Science: The Problem of Factual Truth."

HS 11. SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS

(includes museums, scientific societies, individual laboratories, libraries, etc.)

BROCKBANK, WILLIAM. Portrait of a hospital, I782-I948. To commemorate the bicentenary of the Royal Infirmary, Man- chester. x + 2i8 pp., ill. London: William Heinemann, I952. 25S. Reviewed by W. Pagel in Bull. Hist. Med., 1954,

28: 98.

COHEN, JOHN; C. E. M. HANSEL, EDITH F. MAY. Natural history of learned and scientific societies. Nature, I954, Z73: 328- 333, 3 fig., 3 tab.

DER WIDERAUFBAU des Deutschen Mu- seums. Introd. by Robert Poeverlein. 62 pp., 54 photos. Munchen: Deutsches Mu- seum, I953. Reviewed by S. Colnort in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954,

7: 294.

GILLIS, J. B. Contribution des Academies Royales Flamandes de Belgique i i'histoire des sciences. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., I953, 6: 5I8-525.

HEUSS, THEODOR. Ansprache Anlisslich der 200-Jahr-Feier der Akademie der Wissenschaf-

ten in Gottingen. Abh. Wiss. (Bremen), Heft 4 (I952?), 3I pP.

HILL, A. V. Age of election to the Royal Society. Notes roy. Soc. Lond., I954, 2:

I4-I6, i fig.

HOLMYARD, E. J. Priests of Pomoma. En- deavour, I954, Z3 3-4. An account of the Long Ashton Research Station,

known informally as "The Cider Institute." C. Z.

LANGE, ERWIN F.; RAY F. BUYERS. Med- als of the Royal Society of London. Sci. Mon., I955, 8I: 85-9o, i6 ill.

LUCKHURST, KENNETH W. The Royal Society of Arts - bicentenary celebrations. Nature, I954, z73: 656-657.

PESCOTT, R. T. M. Collections of a century. The history of the first hundred years of the National Museum of Victoria. x + i86 pp., ill. Melbourne: National Museum of V'ictoria, I954.

RIJKSMUSEUM voor de Geschiedenis der Natuurwetenschappen, Korte Gids, met Platte- grond voor Bezoekers. Mededeling No. 83. I2

pp., ill. Leiden, I952.

ROOSEBOOM, M. Rijksmuseum voor de geschiedenis der naturwissenschappen. Ver- slag van de Directrice over het jaar I952. 9 pp.

'S-Gravenhage: Staatsdrukkerij, I953.

ROTH, EUGEN; E. M. CORDIER. Unser Deutsches Museum. 36 pp., ill. Miinchen: Deutsches Museum, 1953.

Reviewed by S. Colnort in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 294.

THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF ARTS. Endeav- our, 1954, I3: ii5-ii6.

STIMSON, DOROTHY. Scientists and ama- teurs: a history of the Royal Society. xvi + 270 pp., ill. New York: Henry Schuman, I948. $4.00. Reviewed by Raymond Phineas Stearns in Bull.

Hist. Med., I954, 28: 292-293.

VERNON, K. D. C. The library of the Royal Institution, 1799-1954. Nature, 1954, 174: 242-244.

WALLIS, F. S. The Royal Scottish Muscum, Edinburgh (I854-1954). Nature, 1934, 174:

332-333.

WIGHTMAN, WILLIAM P. D. Aberdeen Uni- versity and the Royal Society. Notes roy. Soc. Lond., I955, 2: I45-158, ill.

ZENNECK, J. von. Funfzig Jahre Deutsches Museum. I20 pp., fig., 238 photos. Munchen: Deutsches Museum, 1953.

Reviewed by S. Colnort in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954,

7: 294.



I 2. SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS - 13. SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION 26I

HS 12. SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND SPECIAL TECHNIQUES

(includes metrology; instruments used in the special sciences or at particular periods are

listed under those sciences or periods)

CATALOGO DEGLI STRUMENTI del Museo di Storia della Scienza. With preface by Andrea Corsini. (Museo di Storia della Scienza.) vii + 393 pp., front., i6 pL., 89 ill. in text. Firenze: Leo Olschki Editore, 1954.

This extraordinary catalogue is arranged by subject under such topics as: Cimeli Galileiani; Vetrerie dell'Accademia del Cimento e vetrerie varie; Globi terrestri e celesti; Astrolabi e strumenti nautici; I misuratori del tempo; Strumenti mate- matici; I cannocchiali; Microscopi ed accessori; Materiali e strumenti di ottica in generale; Baro- metri; Le macchine pneumatiche; Calore e meteo- rologia; Strumenti di meccanica; Pesi e misure; Acustica; Elettricita e magnetismo (strumenti Vol- tiani); Modelli e oggetti vari (Applicazioni della scienza alla pratica); Mineralogia; Chimica; Farma- cia; Arte medica. In addition to a brief description of the instruments, there are many historical notes. The volume is handsomely printed with many beautiful illustrations and a complete index. There is an editor's introduction by Maria Luisa Bonelli.

I. B. C.

COHEN, I. BERNARD. Some early tools of American science, an account of the early scientific instruments and mineralogical and biological collections in Harvard University. XXii + 201 pp., ill. Cambridge: Harvard Uni- versity Press, 1950. $4.75. Reviewed by Henry Noss in Scr. math., 1953,

19: 267-269.

EIMER & AMEND, armorers of science. Lab- oratory, 1955, 20: II8-I7I, many photographs.

JONES, Sir HAROLD SPENCER. The history of the marine chronometer. Endeavour, 1955,

I4: 212-219, 9 fig.

PRICE, DEREK J. An international checklist ment makers. Endeavour, 1955, I4: 90-94, 5 1955, 34: 243-263.

PRICE, DEREK J. Some early English instrument makers. Endeavour, 1955, I4: 90-94, 5 fig. Mention is made of Nicolas Kratzer (I486-

I550), Thomas Lambrit (Thomas Gemini) (fl. 1524-I562), Humphrey Cole (I530?-I59I), James Kynfin (fl. I569-I6I0), Charles Whitwell (fl. I59I-I606), Elias Allen (fl. I606-I654), Henry Wynne (fl. I656-I709), and Thomas Tut- tell (fl. I695-1702). C. Z.

ZINNER, E. Die Suche nach alten Sonnen- uhren und wissenschaftlichen Instrumenten in Skandinavien. Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Bamberg, 1954, 34: 9-I2.

HS 13. SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION AND HISTORY OF EDUCATION

(includes materials relating the history of science to science teaching)

BERRIMAN, A. E. Historical metrology. A new analysis of the archaeological and historical evidence relating to weights and measures. Xvi + 224 pp., 65 Hi. and line drawings. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1953. $3.75. Reviewed by A. W. Richeson in Isis, 1954, 45:

1 I I-I I 2.

BURNS, R. M. The crisis in science teaching. J. electrochem. Soc., 1954, 1OI: 26IC-262C.

CARDINI, MARIA TIMPANARO. Per una cattedra di storia delle scienze in Pisa. Sci. veterum, 1953, 2: 1-3.

COHEN, I. BERNARD. The education of the public in science. Impact, 1952, 3: 67-I00.

DIJKSTERHUIS, E. J. De Wiskunde op het "Gymnasium." Euclides, Groningen, 1952, pp. 209-226.

HILDEBRAND, JOEL H. Role of sciences in education. Science, 1955, 121: 84o-843.

MACHELSON, SONYA G. Technical education in the U.S.S.R. J. chem. Educ., 1955, 32: 48I- 483.

ROSEN, SIDNEY. History of the physics laboratory in the American public high school (to I9I0). Amer. J. Phys., 1954, 22: 194-204,

3 fig.

SCHWEIZERISCHE HOCHSCHULZEITUNG. (Revue Universitaire Suisse.) I855-1955. 256 + i6o pp. 1955, 28e annee, numero special: I00 Jahre Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (Le centenaire de l'Ecole Poly- technique Federale). This commemorative volume edited by Ed.

Fueter contains a series of articles on the relation of the federal polytechnic schools of Zurich to science and technology in Italy, France, Germany and America. In addition there are studies of the various departments. Most valuable is a section of "Erinnerungen" by Albert Einstein, C. Fritz Baeschlin, Charly Clerc, Ernst Laur, Louis Kollros, Eugen Meyer-Peter, and H. Quiby, with a "Ruck- blick auf Zurich aus dem Jahre I930," by Her- mann Weyl.

SCIENCE REASONING and understanding. A handbook for college teachers. (Intercollege Committee on the Evaluation of Science Ob- jectives of the Cooperative Study of Evalua- tion in General Education, Paul L. Dressel, Director. vii + 233 pp., ill. Dubuque, Iowa: Brown, 1954. $3.50 paper. Reviewed by I. Bernard Cohen in Sci. Mon.,

1955, 8I: 202-203.



262 I4. SOCIAL RELATIONS OF SCIENCE

SMITH, WILLIAM A. Ancient education. xii +309 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, I955. $3.75. "In Ancient Education the author has endeav-

ored to trace the cultural and educational development of seven early peoples - the Mesopotamians, the Egyptians, the Indians, the Chinese, the Greeks, the Romans and the Hebrews. Basically his concern has of course been their educational ventures and achievements. But due to the fact that education is itself a part of culture and has no meaning or significance apart from the total cultural setting in any given case, it has been necessary to use the cultures themselves as the points of departure."

HS 14. SOCIAL RELATIONS OF SCIENCE

(includes general works on science and society, science and war, science and government,

science and industry, etc.)

A FREE VOICE AT THE MOSCOW UNI- VERSITY BICENTENNIAL, 1755-1955. Published by the American Committee for Liberation from Bolshevism, Inc., 1955. Excerpts from radio broadcasts to Moscow from

American educators and scientists, emigre scholars and scientists, and from student newspapers.

C. Z.

ALPERT, HARRY. The National Science Foundation and social science research. Amer. soc. Rev., 1954, Ig: 208-211.

ALPERT, HARRY. The social sciences and the National Science Foundation: 1945-1955. Amer soc. Rev., 1955, 20: 653-66I.

BARBER, BERNARD; ROBERT K. MER- TON. Brief bibliography for the sociology of science. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., 1952, 8o: 140-154-

BRANSON, C. C. Another attempt at classify- ing American scientists. Science, 1954, 119:

655.

BRY, ILSE; JANET DOE. War and men of science. Science, 1955, Z22: 9II-913.

BUSH, VANNEVAR. Science and progress? Amer. Scientist, 1955, 43: 24I-258.

CANNON, WALTER B. The body physiologic and the body politic. Sci. Mon., I954, 79: 20-26, i pl.

COLE, W. STERLING. Science and statecraft. Science, 1955, Z2Z: 885-887.

CONDON, EDWARD U. et al. The scientist in American society. Sci. Mon., I954, 78: 129-141. A symposium consisting of: Scientists and other

citizens, by Gerard Piel; Science for its own sake, by V. F. Weisskopf; The legal basis for intellectual freedom, by Mark DeWolfe Howe; and Scientists and political action, by E. C. Kemble. C. Z.

DODD, STUART C. The scientific measurement of fitness for self-government. Sci. Mon., I954, 78: 94-99.

EDSALL, J. T. Government and the freedom of science. Science, I955, Z21: 6I5-6i8.

EMERSON, ALFRED E. Dynamic homeos- tasis: A unifying principle in organic, social and ethical evolution. Sci. Mon., 1954, 78: 67-85.

ESSLINGER, WILLIAM. Politics and sciences. With a foreword by Albert Einstein. xi + I67 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, I955. $3.00.

ETKIN, WILLIAM. Social behavior and the evolution of man's mental faculties. Amer. Naturalist, 1954, 88: 129-142.

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, Activities of the, in Science. Isis, 1954, 45: I98.

HILDEBRAND, E. M. Scientists and society. Amer. Scientist, 1954, 42: 495-497.

HILDEBRAND, JOEL H. The social respon- sibility of scientists. Amer. Scientist, I955,

43: 450-456. A needed restatement of the facts that (a) when

a scientist starts an investigation he does not know in advance what he will discover, and (b) when the discovery is made, he still does not know with what future discoveries it will be combined to produce what social problems. Assumptions to the contrary are very common. C. Z.

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL of Scientific Unions, Sixth General Assembly, Reports of Proceedings. Edited by F. J. M. Stratton. London: Cambridge University Press, I953. 7s. 6d.

LAZARSFELD, PAUL; ROSENBERG, MOR- RIS. The language of social research. A reader in the methodology of social research. xiii + 590 pp., fig., charts, tables. Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, I955. $6.75. An anthology compiled to present various points

of view on methods of research and systems of explanation in the social sciences. I. B. C. LILLEY, S. (ed.). Essays on the social history

of science. (Centaurus, 1953, vol. 3, no. 1-2.) I82 pp. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, 1953. 30 kroner. Reviewed by Herbert Dingle in Nature, I954,

173: 791-792-

MOORE, JR., BARRINGTON. Influence of political creeds on the acceptance of theories. Sci. Mon., 1954, 79: 146-148.

NIELSEN, J. RUD. Our responsibilities as scientists. Sci. Mon., 955, 8I: 65-70.

PELSENEER, JEAN. Peut-on planifier la recherche scientifique? Ce que nous dit l'histoire des mathematiques. Isis, I955, 46: 95-98.



I4. SOCIAL RELATIONS -I 5. HUMANISTIC RELATIONS 263

PIEL, G. Need for public understanding of scence. Science, 1955, Z2Z: 317-322.

PIERCE, J. R. The social uses of science. Amer. Scientist, 1954, 42: 646-649.

POLANYI, MICHAEL. The logic of liberty. Reflections and rejoinders. viii + 206 pp. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., 1951.

Reviewed by J. P. in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1952,

5: 388.

RAEYMAEKER, LOUIS DE; et al. Truth and freedom. (Duquesne Studies, Philosophical Series, 5.) vii + '33 pp. Pittsburgh: Du- quesne University; Louvain: Editions E. Nauwelaerts, 1954. Cloth, $3.00; paper, $2.25.

Of special interest will be: The Freedom of the Catholic Historian, by Rogert Aubert; and Freedom of Research in the Physical Sciences, by Jean Ladriere. I. B. C.

SCIENCE AND FREEDOM. Bulletin of the Committee on Science and Freedom. I953,

April, No. 2, 24 pp. Short papers by Edward Shils, W. J. M. Mac-

kenzie, C. D. Darlington, Sir George Thompson, W. Mays, Marcello Boldrini and A. Buzzati- Traverso. C. Z.

SHRYOCK, RICHARD H. The academic profession in the United States. Bull. Amer. Ass. Univ. Prof., I952, 38: 32-70.

SMYTH, H. D. The new responsibilities of physicists. Phys. Today, I955, 8: no. 5, I0-II.

SPOEHR, ALEXANDER. Human background of Pacific science. Sci. Mon., I955, 8z: 3-9.

STUNKARD, H. W. Freedom, bondage and the welfare state. Science, I955, x21: 8iI-8I6. Based on a vice-presidential address (Section F,

Zoology, AAAS). Parallelism between parasitism and the ideals of the citizens of the welfare state are traced. Concerning the Acephala, the author states, "The term, headless, is not inappropriate for these animals, all of which have renounced freedom for security." Further, "The parasite no longer has to seek food or protection from enemies; it can relax in comfort; the welfare state has been attained." C. Z.

TANSLEY, A. G. The psychological connexion of two basic principles of the Society for Freedom in Science. (Occasional Pamphlet no. I2.) 4 pp. Oxford: Society for Freedom in Science, I952.

VEITH, ILZA. Plague and politics. Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: 408-4I5.

WATERMAN, ALAN T.; J. CARLTON WARD, Jr.; MERVIN J. KELLY. Scien- tific research and national security. Sci. Mon., 1954, 78: 2I4-22I.

HS 15. HUMANISTIC RELATIONS OF SCIENCE

(general works on science and religion, science and art, science and literature, etc.)

ART IN SCIENCE. A portfolio of 32 paintings, drawings and photographs from Scientif- ic American. With a preface by Gy5rgy Kepes. New York: Simon and Schuster [' 9551. These handsome reproductions, many in color,

derive from photographs, paintings and drawings used to illustrate the Scientific American. An introductory essay by Gyorgy Kepes discusses the general subject of art in science.

BAILEY, C. E. G. Poetry and science. Nature, 1954, 173: 113-

BIEZAIS, HARALDS. Die Religionsquellen der baltischen Volker und die Ergebnisse der bisherigen Forschungen. Vorwort von C.-M. Edsman. (Uppsala, 1954.) Arv, 1953, pp. [651-128.

DAVIDSON, M. Modern cosmology and the theologians. Vistas in astronomy, 1955, I: I66-I72.

DURKHEIM, EMILE. The elementary forms of the religious life. Translated from the French by Joseph Ward Swain. xi + 456 pp. Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, I954. $5.00. A new impression of a valuable standard work.

EDEL, ABRAHAM. Ethical judgment. The use of science in ethics. 348 pp. Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, i955. $5.oo. Devoted to two major questions: "Can scien-

tific research and philosophic analysis make a joint contribution to the understanding of ethical problems? Or must this area remain one of dis- pute between science and philosophy?"

HABER, FRANCIS C. Revolution in the concept of historical time: a study in the relationship between Biblical chronology and the rise of modern science. Isis, I955, 46: 56.

IFOR EVANS, B. Literature and science. II4 pp. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., I954. 8s. 6d. The author states as his aim: "To explore the

position of the artist, and more particularly the writer in our modern scientific society." Most of the book deals with the effects of science on literature, chiefly poetry, in the I7th, i8th, and early igth centuries. Unfortunately, there is neither an indcx nor a table of contents. I. B. C. McCULLOCH, W. S. Mysterium iniquitatis

of sinful man aspiring into the place of God. Sci. Mon., I955, 8o: 35-39.

METZGER, HELENE (I889-I944). La science, l'appel de la religion et la volonte humaine. 6i pp. Paris: E. de Boccard, I954. "L'auteur arretee par la police allemande I



264 I 5. HUMANISTIC RELATIONS -2 0. PHILOSOPHY

Lyon dans l'hiver de I944, est morte en deporta- tion a Auschwitz. La publication de cet essai oti elle exprimait son ultime pensee sur la science et la philosophie est un hommage a sa memoire. Divers manuscrits ont ete colliges et la forme du texte original a et respectee dans toute la mesure du possible. Je remercie Mme. Spaier qui a bien voulu m'aider dans la correction des epreuves." [A. Bruhl ]

Reviewed by S. Delorme in Rep. Hist. Sci., I954,

7: 378.

NEEDHAM, JOSEPH (editor). Science, religion & reality. Introductory essay by George Sarton. 355 pp. New York: George Brazil- ler, Inc., I955. $3.95.

This classic has long been out of print, and is now presented with a new introductory essay by Georgc Sarton. The other essays are as follows: Bronislaw Malinowski, Magic, science and religion; Charles Singer, Historical Relations of religion and science; Antonio Aliotta, Science and religion in the nineteenth century; Arthur S. Eddington, The domain of physical science; Joseph Needham, Mechanistic biology and the religious consciousness; John W. Oman, The sphere of religion; William Brown, Religion and psychology; Clement C. J. Webb, Science, Christianity, and modern civilization.

OEHSER, PAUL H. The lion and the lamb. Essay on science and poetry. Amer. Sci., 1955,

43: 89-96.

RAVEN, CHARLES E. Science and religion. The first series of the I95I Gifford Lectures, on Natural religion and Christian theology. vii + 224 pp. Cambridge: at the University Press, 1953. $4.00. Reviewed by Marie Boas in Isis, I954, 45: 205-

206.

SARTON, GEORGE. Experiments with truth by Faraday, Darwin, and Gandhi. With 2

facsimiles. Osiris, 1954, xx: 87-107.

SINNOTT, EDMUND W. The biology of the spirit. i8o pp. New York: The Viking Press, 1955. $3.50. "In The Biology of the Spirit an eminent biolo-

gist embarks upon a bold (and, for a scientist, somewhat heterodox) adventure into the dual realm of matter and spirit. What, he asks, are the bases of human motives, idealism, purpose? Are we 'driven' by the primitive animalistic urges to which the psychiatrists give credit, or 'drawn' by the magnets of those goals which human nature constantly seems to be seeking? What of man's spirit, his soul, God? Can the rational, scientific mind accept these terms as meaningful, and, if so, what, if any, is the scientific evidence? Using deductions from the findings of the biological laboratory, Dr. Sinnot has evolved an absorbing thesis in which human aspiration and the reality of the spirit of man are found imbedded in the properties of protoplasm, the basic stuff of life. His thesis is supported by a number of fascinating examples from his extensive knowledge of biology, illustrating the existence of that force that is known as 'entelechy' or 'biological purpose' in animal and plant forms."

SVENDSEN, KESTER: SAMUEL I. MINTZ. Relations of literature and science, selected bibliography for 1953. Symposium, 1954, 8: 208-213.

WHITE, ANDREW D. A history of the warfare of science with theology in Christendom. xxxiv + 474 pp. New York: George Braziller, I955. $5.00. Andrew D. White's classic presentation needs no

introduction to readers of Isis. It is a pleasure to welcome this book back into print. I. B. C.

C. HISTORIES OF THE SPECIAL SCIENCES

(includes works involving two or more chronological periods)

HS 20. PHILOSOPHY

(includes general works on the history of philosophy and traditional logic, but not works dealing with the philosophy of science in general -see HS I0 or with philosophy in one

of the chronological periods in Section D)

CHURCH, ALONZO. Brief bibliography of formal logic. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., 1952, 80: 155-172.

[DESCARTES] The philosophical works of Descartes. Tr. by Elizabeth S. Haldane and G. R. T. Ross. 2 vols., 452 + 380 pp. New York: Dover Publications, I955. $3.95 cloth; $I.95 paper (each volume).

This edition is an unabridged republication of the last corrected edition of 1931; the first edition was printed in 9II1.

LEWIS, JOHN. Introduction to philosophy. 236 pp. London: Watts & Co., I954. 21S. Written for the general reader without previous

work in philosophy, this book is conceived historically, beginning with Plato and Aristotle, and ending with Bergson, James, Russell and Whitehead. There are chapters on the Copernican revolution and on evolution. I. B. C.

MATHUR, G. B. Hume, Kant, and pragmatism. J. Hist. Ideas, I955, x6: 198-208.

RUNES, DAGOBERT D. (editor). Treasury of philosophy. xxiv + 1280 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, i955. $I5.oo.



20. PHILOSOPHY -2 I. MATHEMATICS 265

"In this comprehensive collection of philosophical writings are to be found not only the great thinkers of the West, but many of the important and less familiar philosophers of the Orient. The selections cover the whole span of recorded philosophy, from the 6th Century B. C. to the present day. . . . Each entry begins with a biographical sketch, covering the significant events in the philosopher's life, listing his major works, and including a careful, concise statement of his place and importance in the history of philosophy. This is followed by one or more representative excerpts from the man's work. Depending on the importance of its author, each excerpt runs from a few paragraphs to several pages in length. Much of the material contained in this volume appears here in English translation for the first time."

SCHILLING, K. Geschichte der Philosophie. 2. verbesserte Auflage. Zweiter Band: Die Neuzeit. 688 pp., 55 pl. Basel: Ernst Rein- hardt Verlag, I953. SFf. 32.

HS 21. MATHEMATICS

(includes works on pure and applied mathematics, including mathematical logic and

statistics)

BECKER, OSKAR; JOS. E. HOFMANN. Geschichte der Mathematik. 340 pp. Bonn: Athenaum-Verlag, 1951. DM io.oo unbound. Reviewed by Harriet F. Montague in Scr. math.,

1953, 19: 246-248.

BOYER, CARL B. Analysis: notes on the evolution of a subject and a name. Math. Teacher, I954, 47: 450-462. "Traces briefly the historical rise of one of the

three main divisions of mathematics, with particular reference to changes in the use of the term 'analysis.' "

BOYER, CARL B. Early contributions to analytic geometry (concluded from p. io8). Scr. math., I953, 19: 230-238.

BOYER, CARL B. Post-Cartesian analyticaJ geometry. Scr. math., 1955, 2I: 101-135, 24 fig.

CLARK, JOSEPH T., S.J. Conventional logic and modern logic. A prelude to transition. (Philosophical Studies of the American Phi- losophical Association, vol. 3.) With a preface by W. V. Quine. vii + i + I09 pp. Wood- stock, Md.: Woodstock College, Press, I952. Reviewed by William W. Boone in Isis, 1955,

46: 57. DAINVILLE, FRANQOIS de, S.J. L'en-

seignement des mathematiques dans les Col- leges Jesuites de France du XVI" au XVIII" sieele. Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 6-21; 109-123.

DANTZIG, TOBIAS. Number, the language of science. A critical survey written for the cultured non-mathematician. 4th ed., rev.,

augmented. ix + 340 pp., figs. New York: Macmillan Company, I954. $5.00. This edition consists of two parts, the first a

revision of the author's standard work (see Isis, 1931, *6: 455-459, 1934, 20: 592); the second part is "an integrated story of the development of method and argument in the field of number."

I. B. C.

DANTZIG, TOBIAS. The pseudomath. Sci. Mon., 1I954, 79: 11I3-III7-

"The pseudomath is a person who handles mathematics as a monkey handles a razor. The creature tried to shave himself, as he had seen his master do; but not having any notion of the angle at which the razor was to be held, he cut his own throat. He never tried again, poor animal I But the pseudomath keeps to his work, proclaims himself clean-shaved, and all the rest of the world hairy."

ESSIG, JEAN. Douze, notre dix futur. Essai sur la num6ration duod6cimale et un systeme m6trique concordant. Preface de M. Albert Caquot. I69 pp. Paris: Dunod, I955. This is a new defense of duodecimal numeration.

It is astonishing that the author is unable to visualize the social consequences of such a reform. Indeed, even if it were accepted by one of the leading nations, it would not be accepted everywhere at the same time. Hence the two systems, decimal and duodecimal, would be used together, and nobody would ever be sure of the meaning of a number, say, 284, without knowing its basis. Even if the reform were accepted everywhere at a certain date, it would be impossible to suppress all the tables and books published before that date; the numbers used in innumerable books and documents would continue to be decimal, in a duodecimal world. Everybody knows the confusion caused by the simultaneous use of Julian and Gregorian dates. The confusion caused by the simultaneous use or presence of decimal and duodecimal numbers would be infinitely greater. See my essay, Decimal systems early and late (Osiris, 1950, 9: 58i-623), especially pp. 593-597.

G.S.

EVANS, MELBOURNE G. Aristotle, Newton, and the theory of continuous magnitude. J. Hist. Ideas, I955, i6: 548-557.

EVES, HOWARD. An introduction to the history of mathematics. xv + 422 pp. New York: Rinehart & Co., Inc., 1953, $6.oo. This is an unusual history of mathematics in

that each section is followed by a series of problems illustrating the mathematical methods discussed in the particular chapter. Hence it serves as a kind of mathematical textbook as well as a history, and it insures the student's participation and understanding of the subject through the working out of the problems. The "treatment" is restricted principally to "elementary" mathematics, that is, mathematics through the beginnings of calculus. Most of the material can be understood by anyone with "a knowledge of simple arithmetic and of high school algebra, geometry and trigonometry." One chapter requires the rudi-



266 2 1. MATHEMATICS

ments of plane analytic geometry, and another the basic concepts of the calculus, but any "concepts or developments of a more advanced nature ap- pearing in the book are, it is hoped, sufficiently explained at the points where they are introduced."

I. B. C. Reviewed by Carolyn Eisele in Scr. math., 1955,

21: 59-62.

FETTWEIS, EWALD: Anleitung zum Unter- richt in der Raumlehre. Zweite Auflage. 240

pp. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schoningh, I95I. (Unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Stoffauswahl sowie des Strebens nach ganz- heitlichem Unterricht geschrieben.) The subtitle of this book is fairly accurately

descriptive of the contents when it is realized that the title refers essentially to space of two dimen- sions. At teachers' colleges in this country the volume might be called "professionalized subject matter" in elementary plane geometry, with considerable optional material. Historical allusions are infrequent and incidental. C. B. B.

FETTWEIS, EWALD. Geometrische Erkennt- nisse aus der griechischen und vorgriechisch- orientalischen Wissenschaft in der praktischen Raumkunde bei Naturvolkern. Z. Ethn., I954,

79: I82-I92.

FETTWEIS, EWALD. Methodik fUr den Rech- enunterricht. Zum praktischen Gebrauch und zum Gebrauch in Vorlesungen und Ubungen. Dritte Auflage. 27I pp. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schoningh, I949.

This work, the first edition of which appeared at Dusseldorf in 1929, analyzes the material, objectives, and methodology appropriate to instruction in arithmetic in the lower grades. The book contains little in the way of historical material or viewpoint. C. B. B.

FISHER, SIR RONALD. Expansion of statistics. Amer. Scientist, I954, 42: 275-282. Brief history of the growth of statistics. C. Z.

HOBSON, E. W. et al. Squaring the circle and other monographs. 36I pp., ill. New York: Chelsea, I953. $3.25.

Reviewed by N. T. Gridgeman in Sci. Mon., 1954, 78: 47-48.

HOFMANN, JOSEPH EHRENFRIED. Ge- schichte der Mathematik. Erster Teil. Von den Anfangen bis zum Auftreten von Fermat und Descartes. Sammlung Goschen Band 226. 200

pp. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co., I953. Reviewed by Carl B. Boyer in Isis, I955, 46:

57-59; and by Mogens Pihl in Centaurus, I955, 4: 84-85. ISTORIKO-MATEMATICESKIE ISSLEDO-

VANIJA (Recherches d'histoire des math&e matiques). Vols. i-8, I948-I955. Sous la redaction des MM. G. F. Rybkin et A. P. Jugkevic. Moscou: Gostechizdat. Le prix d'un volume relie est de ig jusqu't 20 r. Les huit volumes de cette magnifique collection

presentent un riche ensemble de travaux sur divers problemes d'histoire des math6matiques. Nous y trouvons, naturellement, en premier lieu l'histoire des mathematiques russes. Par exemple, beaucoup de travaux sont consacre's a I. N. Lobacevskij, M. V. Ostrogradskij, P. L. Cebylev, S. N. Koval- evskaja, et aux autres grands mathematiciens russes du passc' et du pre'sent. Les auteurs n'ont pas oublie aussi les anciens manuscrits mathematiques russes. D'autres memoires sont consacres aux mathematiques en Asie Centrale, en Chine, aux travaux arabes et armeniens. D'autres encore a Euler, Wallis, Vega, Kulik et a des problbmes generaux de l'histoire des mathematiques. Le dernier volume se rapporte tout entier A l'histoire des mathematiques a l'Universit6 de Moscou, a l'occasion du deuxieme centenaire de cette illustre ecole. Q. V.

KLINE, MORRIS. Mathematics in Western culture. 484 pp., 27 pl., diagrams. New York: Oxford University Press, I953. $7.50. Reviewed by Carl B. Boyer in Isis, 1954, 45:

385-387. KLINE, MORRIS. The role of mathematics

in civilization. Confluence, I954, 3: I96-206.

LITHBERG, NILS. Computus med starskild hansyn till Runstaven och den Bergerliga Kalendern. 326 pp., incl. summary in German. Stockholm: Norstedt & Sons, for the Nordiska Museets Handlingar, I953. I2 crowns. Reviewed by W. E. van Wijk in Isis, I954, 45:

212-213.

LITTLEWOOD, J. E. A mathematician's mis- cellany. I36 pp. London: Methuen & Co., I953. I5S.

Reviewed by R. J. Gillings in Austr. math. Teacher, 1954, April, 2 pp.

POLYA, G. Induction and analogy in mathematics. Volume I: Of mathematics and plausible reasoning. xvi + 280 pp. Volume II: Patterns of plausible inference. x + I90 pp. Princeton: Princeton University Press, I954.

$5.50 and $4.50. The set, $9.oo. "This is a guide to the practical art of plausible

reasoning, particularly in mathematics but also in every field of human activity. Using mathematics as the example par excellence, Professor Polya shows how even that most rigorous deductive dis- cipline is heavily dependent on techniques of guess- ing, inductive reasoning, and reasoning by analogy. In solving a problem, the answer must be guessed at before a proof can even begin, and guesses are usually made from a knowledge of facts, experience, and hunches. The truly creative mathematician must be a good guesser first and a good prover afterward; many important theorems have been guessed but not proved until much later. In the same way, solutions to problems can be guessed, and a good guesser is much more likely to find a correct solution."

SERGESCU, PIERRE. Histoire du nombre. Les Conferences du Palais de la Decouverte, sgrie D, no. 23, 44 pp.



2 1. MATHEMATICS - 22. PHYSICAL SCIENCES (PHYSICS) 267

Reviewed by M. Kraitchik in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I955, 34: 78. SOLOMON, BERNARD S. "One is no num-

ber" in China and the West. Harvard J. Asia- tic Stud., '954, z7: 253-260.

TATON, RENE. Le calcul mental. 134 pp. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, Col- lection "Que sais-je?" 1953.

Reviewed by M. Kraitchik in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 78-79. TIETZE, HEINRICH. Geloste und ungeloste

mathematische Probleme aus alter und neuer Zeit. 2 vols. Bd. I, XX + 256 pp., I15 fig., io pl. Bd. 2, iV + 305 pp., 41 fig., 8 pl. Munchen: Biederstein-Verlag, 1949. DM i8, unbound; DM 25, bound. Reviewed by J. E. Hofmann in Centaurus, 1954,

3: 253-254-

VAN DER WAERDEN, B. L. Science awaken- ing. English translation by Arnold Dresden with additions by the author. 306 pp., ill. Groningen: P. Noordhoff, 1954.

Reviewed by George Sarton in Isis, 1955, 46: 368-369.

HS 22. PHYSICAL SCIENCES

(astronomy, physics, chemistry; but for works mainly astrological, see HS 29)

a. Astronomy ABETTI, GIORGIO. The history of astronomy.

Translated by Betty Burr Abetti. x + 338 pp. New York: Henry Schuman, I952. $6.oo.

Reviewed by Joseph Ashbrook in Scr. math., 1954, 20: 192-193.

BANACHIEWICZ, T. The r8le of Cracovians in astronomy. Vistas in astronomy, I955, I:

200-206.

BROUWER, DIRK. How long is a second? Science depends upon precise standards of measurement. Involved in the establishment of these standards are problems greater than one might expect. A noted Yale astronomer discusses the development of an accurate time standard. Yale sci. Mag., I954, 28: I8-20, ff. A list of exact time measurements and instru-

ments.

CROMMELIN, C. A. Planetaria. A historical survey. (Comm. No. 94 from the National Museum for the History of Science, Leyden.) Antiquarian Horology, I955, March, 6 pp., 8 fig.

DE ORUS, JUAN J. Teorias sobre los brazos de las nebulosas espirales. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I954, 33: I4I-I60.

KNOX-SHAW, H. The Radcliffe Observatory. Vistas in astronomy, I955, I: I44-I49.

MICHEL, HENRI. Les anc8tres du planetar- ium. Ciel et Terre, I955, 7z: II pp., 8 fig.

PAPP, DESIDERIO. El problema del origen de los mundos. 2 ed. I59 pp. Buenos Aires- Mexico: Espasa Calpe Argentina, "Colecci6n Austral" I95I.

Reviewed by R. Taton in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 289-290.

PRICE, DEREK J. A collection of armillary spheres and other scientific instruments. Ann. Sci., I954, MO: I72-I87, IO pl.

SHAPLEY, HARLOW. Benjamin Franklin and one plutonic year. J. Franklin Inst., 1956,

26z: 55-59.

SLOUKA, H., et al. Astronomy in Czechoslo- vakia from the earliest times to today. (In Czech.) 346 pp. Prague: Osveta, I952. Kcs. I98.00.

Reviewed by Quido Vetter in Isis, 1954, 45: 100-101.

VISTAS IN ASTRONOMY, edited by Arthur Beer. 2 vols. Vol. I, Cooperation and organization, history and philosophy, dynamics; Theoretical astrophysics; Instruments, Radio astronomy; Solar physics. 776 pp., front., ill. London-New York: Pergamon Press, I955.

$28.00.

Articles relating to the history of science are cited individually in this Bibliography.

ZINNER, ERNST. Zur Erklarung des Licht- wechsels der vermissten Sterne. Die Briger Rathausuhr. "Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Der "Sternseher" und die "Sternseherin" im Fichtelgebirge. Gerbert und das Sehrohr. Die astronomischen Vorlagen des Sternemantels Kaiser Heinrichs. Die Wurzbur- ger Sternkunde im Mittelalter. Der deutsche Volkskalender des I5. Jahrhunderts. Natur- forschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 1952, 33: I-50.

ZINNER, ERNST. Sternglaube und Sternfor- schung. xiv + I72 pp., 23 Abb. und I6 Tafeln. Freiburg i. B., Miinchen: K. Alber, I953. DM 7.80.

Reviewed by Bernhard Sticker in Sudhofis Arch., 1954, 38: 192.

b. Physcs BLUH, OTTO. Physics and culture. Amer. J.

Phys., I955, 23: i6i-i68.

BLVH, OTTO. The history of physics and the old humanism. Amer. J. Phys., I950, z8: 308-3II.

BRADDICK, H. J. J. The physics of experimental method. 404 pp. London: Chapman & Hall, Ltd., I954. 35S.

Reviewed by A. Sellerio in Scientia, 1955, 49: 38.



268 2 2. PHYSICAL SCIENCES (PHYSICS)

BROGLIE, LOUIS DE. Matter and light. The new physics. Translated by W. H. Johnston. 300 pp. New York: Dover Publications, '955. $i.6o, paper.

BROWN, SANBORN C. Discovery of the dif- ferential thermometer. Amer. J. Phys., I954,

22: I3-I7, 4 fig.

CHALDECOTT, J. A. Handbook of the collection illustrating temperature measurement and control. Part 2, Catalogue of exhibits with descriptive notes. 57 pp., 6 pl. London: H.M.S. Office; Science Museum, I955. 3S. 6d. "This handbook contains detailed descriptions of

approximately one half the objects preserved in the Museum Collection illustrating heat and thermal instruments. The remaining items, consisting of thermometers, pyrometers, temperature recorders and thermostats, are listed in Part II of a separate handbook entitled Temperature Measurement and Control." This guide lives up to the high standards of the Science Museum's publications, and deals with thermal expansion, change of state, the nature of heat, heat transfer, very low temperatures, and refrigeration.

COHEN, I. BERNARD. Pioneers in the theory of heat. Sci. Amer., I954, z9I: 60-63, 5 fig.

COLEMAN, JAMES A. Relativity for the layman. A simplified account of the history, theory, and proofs of relativity. Illustrated by the author. 13I pp., 24 fig. New York: The William-Frederick Press, I954. $2.75.

Relativity without mathematics.

DIBNER, BERN. Ten founding fathers of the electrical science. (Burndy Library Publica- tions in the History of Science and Tech- nology, no. I I .) 48 pp., 2 I ill. Norwalk, Conn.: Burndy Library, I954.

This brief history of electricity contains biographies of Gilbert, Guericke, Franklin, Volta, Am- p&re, Ohm, Gauss, Faraday, Henry, and Maxwell.

I. B. C. DINGLE, HERBERT. Die neuen Anschauun-

gen in der Physik. Philos. nat., I950, Z: 76-83.

DODD, L. E. The new and the old in elementary physics teaching. Amer. J. Phys., I955,

23: 386-387.

FLASCHNER, LUDWIG. Zur ontologischen Begriindung der Massbegriffe und Gesetze in Mechanik und Elektrizit-itslehre. Philos. nat., I952, 2: I37-I77, 2 tables.

GRtUNBAUM, ADOLF. Logical and philosophical foundations of the special theory of relativity. Amer. J. Phys., I955, 23: 450-464, I fig.

HANSON, NORWOOD RUSSELL. History and philosophy of science in an undergraduate physics course. Phys. Today, I955, 8: no. 8, 4-9.

HESSE, MARY B. Action at a distance in classical physics. Isis, I955, 46: 337-353.

HEYL, PAUL R. Gravitation-still a mystery. Sci. Mon., I954, 78: 303-306, i fig.

HIEBERT, ERWIN N. Theoretical back- grounds to the development of thermodynamics: the development of the concept of mechanical work to 1750. Isis, I954, 45: 200.

HOLTON, GERALD. On the history and philosophy of physics. Amer. J. Phys., I955, 23:

389-390.

HUYGENS, CRISTIAN; AGUSTIN FRES- NEL. La teoria ondulatoria de la luz. In- troduccion por Cortes Pla. Libro primero: Tratado de la luz, de Cristian Huygens. Libro secundo: Naturaleza de la luz, por Agustin Fresnel. 30I pp. Buenos Aires: Edi- torial Losada (Biblioteca Teoria e Historia de las Ciencias), I945. $8. m/arg.

JAMMER, MAX. Concepts of space. The history of theories of space in physics. With a foreword by Albert Einstein. xvi + I96 pp. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, I954.

$3.75. Reviewed by V. F. Lenzen in 1s51, 1955, 46:

287-289. KONDO, HERBERT. History and the physi-

cist. Amer. J. Phys., I955, 23: 430-436.

KREBS, A. T. Early history of the scintillation counter. Sckence, I955, Z22: I7-I8.

LENZEN, VICTOR F. The significance of physical theory. Science, I954, II9: 5I7-522. Apropos of Duhem's La the'orie physique.

MICHEL, HENRI. Notes sur l'histoire de la boussole. Commun. Acad. Mar. Beig. (An- vers), 1950, 5: I-II.

PERUCCA, ELIGIO; VITTORIO GORI. Pio- neers in electrical communications. J. Frank- lin Inst., I956, 26z: 6I-79.

PURCELL, E. M. Nuclear magnetism. Amer. J. Phys., I954, 22: I-9, 6 fig.

RAMSAUER, CARL. Grundversuche der Physik in historischer Darstellung. Erster Band: Von den Fallgesetzen bis zu den Elektrischen Wellen. viii + I89 pp., I29 ill.

Berlin-Gottingen-Heidelberg; Springer-Verlag, I953. DM I9.80. A brief history of various topics in physics select-

ed from mechanics, optics, heat, electricity, beginning with Galileo and ending with Hertz. For the benefit of readers, the author has included a brief guide to the literature of the history of physics, an historical chart, and a conversion of non-metric measures to metric ones. The author explains most of the principles that he presents. This book would make an ideal volume for supplementary reading for advanced college physics. A translation into English would be welcome.. I. B. C.



22. PHYSICAL SCIENCES (PHYSICS - CHEMISTRY) 269

RICHARDSON, K. I. T. The gyroscope applied. 384 pp., many fig., pl. New York: Philosophical Library, 1954. $I5.00. A short section is devoted to the history of the

gyroscope. I. B. C.

ROLLER, DUANE; DUANE H. D. ROLLER. The development of the concept of the electric charge. Electricity from the Greeks to Coulomb. (Harvard Case Histories in Ex- perimental Science, 8. James Bryant Conant, General Editor. Leonard K. Nash, Associate Editor.) ix + 97 pp., II fig. London: Geof- frey Cumberlege, Oxford University Press, 1954.

Reviewed by V. F. Lenzen in Isis, I955, 46: 369-370. E. C. Watson in Amer. 1. Phys., 1955, 23: 478; P. Morrison in Phys. Today, 1955, 8: 15-I6.

SAGUI, CORNELIO L. La theorie de l'influx physique. Sophia (Padova), 1954, 22: 218- 221.

TRUESDELL, C. Precise theory of the absorption and dispersion of forced plane infinitesi- mal waves according to the Navier-Stokes equations. J. Rational Mech., 1953, 2: 643- 741, figs. One section deals with: History and critique of

the theory of absorption and dispersion (p. 65o- 678, fig.).

WALKER, MARSHALL J. An orientation toward modern physical theory. Sci. Mon., 1955, 8I: 27-37.

WHYTE, L. L. On the history of natural lengths. Ann. Sci., I954, IO: 20-27.

WILSON, WILLIAM. Physical phenomena as interpreted in recent times. Amer. Scientist, 1955, 43: 298-306.

WOLF, RUDOLF. Ueber di Konsequenzen der Mehrfachdefinition von Grundbegriffen in der Theorie der klassischen Mechanik. Phaos. nat., 1952, 2: 238-250.

c. Chemiatry

BERRY, A. J. From classical to modern chemistry. Some historical sketches. xii + 251 pp. New York-Cambridge: at the University Press, 1954. $4.75. Reviewed by Aaron J. Ihde in Isis, I955, 46:

369; Lucius W. Elder, Jr., in Sci. Mon., I955, 8z: 147-I48.

BROWNE, CHARLES ALBERT; MARY ELVIRA WEEKS. A history of the Ameri- can Chemical Society -Seventy-five eventful years. Xi + 526 pp., I07 ill. Washington: American Chemical Society, 1952. $5.00. Reviewed by Aaron J. Ihde in Isis, I954, 45:

101-I02.

CATALOGUS van de Historische Boeken der Koninklijke Nederlandse Chemische Verenig- ing, in bruikleen geplaatst in het Rijksmuseum voor de Geschiedenis der Natuurwetenschap- pen, Steenstraat iA te Leiden. Bijgewerkt tot i Augustus 1954.

DAVID, CHARLES; CLAUDE K. DEI- SCHER. The Edgar Fahs Smith Memorial Collection in the history of chemistry. Isis, 1955, 46: 54; 367.

FARBER, EDUARD. The evolution of chemistry, a history of its ideas, methods and materials. 349 pp., 30 ill. New York: Ronald Press, 1952. $6.oo. Reviewed by R. J. Forbes in Arch. int. Hist. Sci.,

1954, 33: 8I-82.

GULICK, ADDISON. Phosphorus as a factor in the origin of life. Amer. Scientist, I955, 43: 479-489. As phosphorus is extremely insoluble and un-

available in the oxygen-rich world of today, and as protoplasm requires phosphorus in quantities, and as it is difficult to assume that the complex methods that living beings now have of concen- trating phosphorus could have come into existence without a long evolution, the question is raised of life having originated in a chemical environment very different from the present. C. Z. HOCH, J. HAMPTON. The early background

of chemistry in South Carolina. J. chem. educ., 1955, 32: 431-435.

IHDE, AARON J. Are there rules for writing history of chemistry? Sci. Mon., I955, 8I: I83-I86.

JORPES, ERIK; OLOF RAMGREN. Kemiska institutionen vid Kungl. Karolinska Medico- kirurgiska Institutet i Stockholm intill 1953. 207 pp., ill. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Soner, 1954. Reviewed by Adolph B. Benson in 1. Hist. Med.,

I955, 1O: I40-14I.

KENDALL, JAMES. The Alembic Club. En- deavour, 1954, I3: 94-96. The Alembic Club of Edinburgh is famous for

its reprints of classical chemical investigations, including English versions of Mayow's Tractatus Quinque Medico-physici and of Cannizzaro's Sunto di tin corso di filosofia chimica.

KENDALL, JAMES. Great discoveries by young chemists. xii + 231 pp., 34 pl. Lon- don - Edinburgh - Paris - Melbourne - Toronto- New York: Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd., 1953. 12S. 6d. This volume was originally published as "a

Christmas course of lectures adapted to a juvenile auditory," delivered at the Royal Institution in I938. Although this is a history of chemistry emphasizing the part young chemists have played in the development of their science, the author recognizes "that there are, indeed, very few discoveries in chemistry not due to juveniles." If anyone doubts this, let



270 22. PHYSICAL SCIENCES -23. EARTH

him examine the outline of the contents of a volume, Old Chemists and Great Discoveries, which takes a very liberal point of view regarding the first adjective. If "old" means over 70, or even over 6o, the book would be practically all cover; if 55 or over, it would still be very slim. In addition to presenting the work of Humphry Davy, Faraday, Perkin, Casper and Kekule, and the early work of such men as Pasteur, van 't Hoff, there is a chapter devoted to "some young American chemists." The last chapter is devoted to the chemical education of King Edward VII. I. B. C.

LIEBEN, FRITZ. Vorstellungen vom Aufbau der Materie im Wandel der Zeiten. Eine historische Uebersicht. x + 384 pp. Wien: Franz Deuticke, 1953. $7.20.

This account of the ideas concerning matter has sections dealing with primitive peoples and ancient philosophy, chemistry and alchemy in the Middle Ages, physics and chemistry in the seventeenth century, and chemistry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. An epilogue deals briefly with the physics of the twentieth century. I. B. C.

MILES, WVYNDHAM D. The development of chemical education in Columbia, Princeton, Rutgers and Pennsylvania. Isis, I955, 46: 284.

MITTASCH, ALWIN. Salpetersdure aus Am- moniak. Geschichtliche Entwicklung der Am- moniakoxydation bis I920. I36 pp., 9 ill., 3 pl. Weinheim Bergstr.: Verlag Chemie, I953. DM I2.

Reviewed by Eduard Farber in Wsis, I954, 45: 224.

PARTINGTON, J. R. Lignum nephriticum. Ann Sci., I955, II: I-26.

PARTINGTON, J. R. Seventeenth-century chemistry, the phlogiston theory and Dalton's atomic theory. Nature, I954, Z74: 29I ff. (7 PP.)

SIEGFRIED, ROBERT. A study of American chemical research before I876. Isis, I954, 45: 200.

SIMMER, HANS. Aus den Anflingen der physiologischen Chemie in Deutschland, G. K. L. Sigwart (I784-I864) und J. E. Schlossberger (I8I9-I860). Sudhoffs Arch., I955, 39: 2I6-

236, 2 pI.

STEVENS, LEO J. The chemical and related literature of Spain. J. chem. Educ., I955, 32:

412-4I6.

WEIL, HERBERT. Chromatographische Fab- rikation. Chemikerztg., I955, 79: 206-208, 5 fig. "Particular difficulties are met with in trans-

mitting chromatography from the laboratory to industry. A survey shows the ways taken by technics up to now in order to overcome the difficulties."

WICKERSHEIMER, ERNEST. Paraffine ou parasine? Rev. Hist. Pharm., I952, nr. I34:

385-389.

HS 23. EARTH SCIENCES

(geology; geography; oceanography; cartography and geodesy; travel, exploration and

navigation; paleontology; mineralogy; meteorology)

a. Geology ADAMS, FRANK DAWSON. The birth and

development of the geological sciences. v + 506 pp., front., 92 ill. Unabridged republication of the first edition published in 1938. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1954.

$1.95. The original edition published by Williams &

Wilkins (1938) was reviewed in Isis, I947, 32: 2I8-220. It is pleasant to welcome this inex- pensive reprint. I. B.C.

BAILEY, SIR EDWARD. Geological survey of Great Britain. Xii + 278 pp. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1952. 22S. 6d. Reviewed by V. A. Eyles in Ann. Sci., I955, II:

I0I-102.

BERINGER, C. C. Geschichte der Geologie und des geologischen Weltbildes. viii + I58 pp. Stuttgart: F. Enke Verlag, 1954. DM II.70.

Reviewed by M. Gortani in Scientia, I955, 49: 302-303.

DOWNEY, GLANVILLE. Earthquakes at Constantinople and vicinity, A.D. 342-I454.

Speculum, I955, 30: 596-600.

GOLDER, HUGH Q. The history of earth pressure theory. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., I953, 6 545-554. Traces the history from Vauban to the present.

HOYT, WILLIAM G.; WALTER B. LANG- BEIN. Floods. x + 469 pp. 5i drawings, 3I

photographs. Princeton: Princeton University Press, I955. $7.50.

An appendix contains the history of floods in America, beginning with I543, followed by a history of floods by streams. I. B. C.

PATTERSON, C.; G. TILTON; M. INGH- RAM. Age of the earth. Science, I955, Z2Z:

69-74. The history and correlation of different methods

of determining the age of the earth. C. Z. RABBITT, JOHN C.; MARY C. RABBITT.

The U. S. geological survey: 75 years of service to the nation, I879-I954. Science, I954, zz9: 74I-758.

ZUMBERGE, J. H.; J. E. POTZGER. Pollen profiles, radiocarbon dating and geologic chronology of the Lake Michigan basin. Science, 1955, I2I: 309-3II.

b. Geography BERESFORD, MAURICE. The lost villages

of England. 445 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, I954. $I 2.00.



23. EARTH (GEOGRAPHY -METEOROLOGY) 27I

"Among existing villages in the English countryside are the sites of many others which have not been fortunate enough to survive, though six hundred years or so ago they were little different from their neighbors."

COLLOCOTT, T. C.; J. 0. THORNE (editors). The Macmillan world gazetteer and geographical dictionary. viii + 792 pp. New York: Macmillan Co., $6.95. This work, published in England as Chambers's

Gazetteer and World Geographical Dictionary, contains a supplementary index in which places listed under other main headings are located. I. B. C.

SCHWIND, MARTIN. Das Verhailtnis des Menschen zu seiner Umwelt als geographisches Problem. Veriff. Ges. int. Wiss., I952, Heft 2,

pp. 25-4I.

WALTON, E. W. KEVIN. Two years in the Antarctic. I94 pp., front., 27 iM., 6 line ill. in text. New York: Philosophical Library, I955. $4.75. "This is the first personal account of two years

spent in that area of British Antarctica since the war. Kevin Walton went to the Antarctic as a member of the newly formed Falkland Islands De- pendencies Survey which has been engaged ever since in exploring the region. The Survey party established the first base inside the Antarctic circle at Marguerite Bay in Graham Land, and spent their first year training both themselves and their dogs to live and travel in this difficult country."

c. Oceanography

DRUBBA, HELMUT; HANS HEINRICH RUST. Die Entwicklung der akustischen Meerestiefenmessung. Z. angew. Phys., I953,

5 388-400, 7 fig.

d. Cartography & geodesy

CRONE, G. R. Maps and their makers. An introduction to the history of cartography. i8o pp., 23 maps. London: Hutchinson's Uni- versal Library, I953.

Reviewed by B. H. in Imago mundi, I954, I]:

179.

HAARDT, ROBERT. The world's ancient globes. C. R. XVIe Congres international de Geographie, Lisbonne, z949 (Lisbon: I952),

pp. 258-263.

HAARDT, ROBERT. Wie alte Globen in Osterreich, Deutschland und in der Schweiz den letzten Krieg tiberstanden haben. Erd- kunde (Bonn), I954, 7: I56-i58, i pl.

HEISKANEN, W. A. New era in geodesy. Science, I955, Z2Z: 48-5I.

LYNAM, EDWARD [William O'Flahertyl The mapmaker's art: essays on the history of maps. With a foreword by Sir Thomas Ken- drick. xii + I40 pp., 52 fig. London: The

Batchworth Press; New York: British Book Centre, I953. $4.50. Reviewed by Sonia S. Wohl in Isis, I954, 45:

I02-IO3; also rev. in Imago mundi, I954, II: I79.

PREOBRAZHENSKY, A. I. Russkiye ekonomi- cheskiye karty i atlasy. 329 pp., ill. Moskva, I953. (Russian economic maps and atlases.) Reviewed in Imago mundi, I954, II: I80.

TRUE, DAVID 0. Some early maps relating to Florida. Imago mundi, I954, II: 73-84, 2 pI., 4 fig.

e. Travel, exploration & navigation BLEWITT, MARY. Celestial navigation for

yachtsmen. (3rd ed.) 64 pp., 26 diag. & graphs. London: Iliffe & Sons; New York: Philosophical Library, i955. $2.75.

CLOWES, G. S. LAIRD. Sailing ships. Their history and development as illustrated by the collection of ship-models in the Science Mu- seum. 4th ed. rev. & exp. by E. W. White. I24 pp., ill. London: H.M.S.O., I952. Reviewed by Eduard Fueter in Centaurus, I955,

4: 83. COLLINDER, PER. A History of Marine

Navigation. Translated from the Swedish by Maurice Michal. I95 pp., 5o fig. New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc., I955. $4.25. This is an attempt at a short and popular history

of the science of navigation, in the same class as Commander Hewson's History of the Practice of Navigation, which I reviewed for Isis last year. In comparison with Hewson's it is less scientific, more readable and more comprehensive, as it has chapters on navigation by the Vikings, the Polynesians and the Arabs, as well as the conventional accounts of how Columbus and Magellan navigated, the work of Maury, and the latest method, the Loran. The practical navigator will learn more about his art from Hewson; but the general reader who wishes to know how men found their way about the ocean will find Collinder much more interesting. The chapter, "How Columbus and Magellan Navigated," in respect to which the reviewer can claim some knowledge, is accurate for Columbus's I492 voyage, except that he is provided with a nocturnal, which was not yet invented. But there is nothing on the other three voyages, during which the Discoverer really demonstrated his skill as a navigator; and Magellan is not even mentioned! The author skips about in this pleasant fashion, as fancy moves him; but he is always informing and interesting. S. E. M. FREIESLEBEN, H. C. Der Polarstern in der

Navigation. Sud/offs Arch., I955, 39: I57- i6i.

[f. Mineralogy] g. Meteorology

SUTTON, 0. G. The development of meteorology as an exact science. Nature, I954, Z73: xII2-III4.



272 24. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (BIOLOGY)

HS 24. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

(zoology, botany, anatomy, physiology, physical anthropology; also applied biology, including certain aspects of agriculture, such as plant and animal breeding, economic entomology, etc.)

a. Biology in general

COONEN, L. P. Lysenkoism in Athens. Science, I954, zz9: 694-695. Instances of Lysenko's archaic biology cited in

the works of Aristotle, Theophrastos, etc. C. Z.

DICE, LEE R. What is ecology? Sci. Mon., I955, 8o: 346-35I.

FOTHERGILL, PHILIP G. Historical aspects of organic evolution. Foreword by J. W. Heslop-Harrison. xvii + 427 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, I953. $6.oo. Reviewed by Conway Zirkle in Isis, 1954, 45:

103-105.

GREGG, JOHN R. The language of taxonomy. An application of symbolic logic to the study of classificatory systems. Preface by Jacques Barzun. 70 pp. New York: Columbia Uni- versity Press, 1954. $2.50.

JAEGER, EDMUND C. A source-book of biological names and terms. (3rd ed.) 317 pp., many drawings. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1955. $5.75. "The present book is a careful revision of the

Second Edition of 1950. It includes not only a number of corrections and emendations in the body of the text but also a supplement of more than a thousand entries which should increase very much its usefulness to those who wish to know the origin and significance of biological names and terms. In this supplement are included: (i) many new adjective and noun stems used in making trivial (specific) names of animals and plants; (2) more than one hundred additional suffixes and prefixes; (3) a limited number of much used geographical place- name stems employed in forming adjectival trivial and varietal names of plants and animals; and (4) a considerable number (more than 280) of short biographies of persons commemorated in botanical and zoological generic names. In selecting these commemorative names I have included only such as are of greatest importance, and most often encoun- tered by beginning students in the biological sciences."

LEWINSOHN, RICHARD. Animals, men and myths. A history of the influence of animals on civilization and culture. 374 pp., 8o ill. in text, 31 pl. London: Victor Gollancz, 1954. 2IS. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1954.

Reviewed by George Sarton in Isis, 1955, 46: 6I-64. The English edition was published under the pen-name "Morus."

MAINX, FELIX. Foundations of biology. In- ternational Encyclopedia of Unified Sciences, vol. I, no. 9, ed. Otto Neurath et al. 86 pp.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press, I955. "In this monograph an attempt has been made to

show that biology, in the structure of its statements and in its mcthods of work, is a purely empirical science. Corresponding to the peculiarity of its object, it has developed special methods and special subdivisions, but these are nevertheless not different in principle from those of other natural sciences. Its assertions, in so far as they exceed the boundaries of pure descriptions, have the form of empirical scientific hypotheses or theories. The ex- planatory value of its statements rests on foundations similar to those of other natural sciences. The derivative modes of expression or tautological formulations of certain statements which aid pic- turability are, corresponding to the peculiarity of its object, perhaps more frequent in biology than in other natural sciences but do not detract from its empirical character."

MAY, EDUARD. Das Vitalismusproblem und die Erklarung der Lebensphanomene. Philos. nat., 1952, 2: 251-257.

MAYER, ANDRE. L'histoire naturelle et la physiologie au College de France. (Extrait du livre jubilaire compos6 a l'occasion du quatrieme centenaire du College de France.) Pp. I69-I90, 5 pL. Paris: Presses Universi- taires de France, n.d.

MOORE, RUTH. Man, time, and fossils. The story of evolution. xvii + 424 pp., ill. New York: Knopf, 1953. $5.75. Reviewed by Bentley Glass in Sci. Mon., 1955,

8o: 67. RITTER, WILLIAM EMERSON. Charles

Darwin and the Golden Rule. Edna Watson Bailey, editor. xxi + 400 pp. Washington: Science Service; New York: Storm Press, 1954. $5.00. Reviewed by Karl P. Schmidt in Sci. Mon., 1955,

8I: 152.

SAITO, K. History of science in education in biology. (In Japanese.) J. Hist. Sci., Japan, 1955, no. 33, 29-33.

SAW7YER, F. C. Books of reference in zoology, chiefly bibliographical. J. Soc. Bibl. nat. Hist., 1955, 2: 72-91.

SCHIERBEEK, A. Het probleem der be- vruchting in de loop der tijden. Meded. vlaamse Acad. KZ. Wet., 1952, I4: Nr. I2,

pp. 1-30. Reviewed by H. Engel in Centaurus, 1954, 3:

263-264.

SNYDER, LAURENCE H. Modem heredity and its applications. Amer. Scientist, 1955, 43: 391-419. A brief description of population genetics and its

application to human beings. C. Z.

THtODORIDtS, JEAN. Reflexions sur l'histoire de la parasitology. Mid. France, 1954, no. 58, pp. 3-7, 2 fig.



24. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (BIOLOGY - ZOOLOGY) 273

YASUGI, R. History and contemporary problems of biology. (In Japanese.) J. Hist. Sci. Japan, I955, no. 33, 1-7.

ZIMMERMAN, WALTER. Evolution: die Geschichte ihrer Probleme und Erkenntnisse. ix + 623 pp., ill., pl. Freiburg-Miinchen: Karl Alber, 1953. DM 32.

Reviewed by Ernst Mayr in Sci. Mon., 1954, 79: 57-58; by F. E. Fritsch in Nature, 1954, 174: 149-150.

b. Microwcopes and microbiology

GERHARDT, OSWALD. Mikroben im Welt- geschehen. Sieg uber die Seuchen. I82 pp., 6 Abb. (List-Bucher, Band 30). Kart. Munch- en: Paul List Verlag, 1954. DM I.90.

Reviewed by Robert Herrlinger in Sudhoifs Arch., 1955, 39: 96. PHILIPSBORN, HELLMUT VON. Calcium-

oxalat. 275 Jahre mikroskopischer Forsch- ung. Sudhoffs Arch., 1934, 38: 336-366, 41

Abb.

RONCHI, VASCO. Nouveaux points de vue & propos de l'invention du microscope. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., I953, 6: 555-559.

ROOSEBOOM, MARIA. Microscopy exhibition at Leyden. Isis, I954, 45: 293.

VAN VERGROOTGLAS tot oog der weten- schap. 2 1/2 eeuw microscopie (Ausstellungs- katalog des Leidener Museums). ( = Mede- deling No. 93 uit het Rijksmuseum). 53 pp. Leiden: Rijksmuseum voor de Geschiedenis der Natuurwetschappen, 1954. Reviewed by Friedrich Klemm in SudhobFs

Arch., 1955, 39: 190.

c. Zoology

ASMUNDSON, V. G.; F. W. LORENZ. Pheas- ant-turkey hybrids. Science, I955, I2I: 307- 308.

BIRCHER, E. Zur Geschichte der Milchzuck- ergewinnung, besonders in der Schweiz. Gesnerus, 1954, II: 41-45.

DEWAILLY, Ph.; J. THPODORIDPS. Re- marques sur l'usage pass6 et present des insectes dans I'alimentation et la th6rapeutique. (Contribution k l'histoire de la zoologie m6di- cale.) Rev. gin. Sci., 1953, 6o: nos. 5-6, 8 pp.

DOHRN, R. The zoological station at Naples. Endeavour, 1954, I3: 22-26.

An account of the great institute for the study of marine life. C. Z.

EPSTEIN, H. Le dromadaire dans I'Ancien Orient. Rev. Hist. Sci., I954, 7: 247-268, 9 fig.

FISHER, JAMES. A history of birds. x +

205 pp., ill. Cambridge: Houghton Mifflin, Riverside Press, 1954. $3.75. Reviewed by Frank A. Pitelka in Sci. Mon., I955,

8r: 46-47. FROEHNER, REINHARD. Kulturgeschichte

der Tierheilkunde. Ein Handbuch fur Tier- arzte und Studierende. Bd. i: Tierkrank- heiten, Heilbestrebungen, Tierarzte im Alter- tum. I87 pp., 34 Abb. Halbl. Konstanz: Terra-Verlag, 1952. DM 21.80. Reviewed by Walter Artelt in Sudhofis Arch.,

1954, 38: I9o; and by H. Fischer in Gesnerus, 1954, II: 47-49- GEDDA, LUIGI. Studio dei gemelli. 1,38I pp.,

548 fig., incl. 28 in col. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1951. I5,000 lire. Revicwed by Claudius F. Mayer in Amer. J. hum.

Genet., 1951, 3: 285-291.

MORLEY, DEREK WRAGGE. The evolution of an insect society. 215 pp., front., more than 31 ill. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1955. $3.95. "In this book I have endeavoured to unravel the

many elcments that combine together to form the pattern of social life in the Wood Ants. The historic incidents recorded are all drawn from my own personal observation. The anonymity of the community has been preserved in order to prevent the Wood Ant society which still survives, from being disturbed by human agents to any greater extent than has already occurred." MOORE, CLIFFORD B. The grinning croco-

dilian and his folklore. Sci. Mon., 1954, 78: 225-231.

A history of the popular notions concerning crocodiles and alligators from Herodotus to the present. C. Z.

NISSEN, CLAUS. Die illustrierten Vogel- bucher, ihre Geschichte und Bibliographie. 223 pp., i6 plain pl., 8 fig. Stuttgart: Hierse- mann, 1953.

Reviewed by G. W. Cottrell, Jr., in Isis, 1I955, 46: 370-372. OPPENHEIMER, JANE M. Problems, con-

cepts and their history (i). Methods and techniques (2). In Benjamin H. Willier et al. (editors), Analysis of development (Phila- delphia: Saunders, 1955. $15.00; 75 s.), pp. 1-24; 25-38. In the first chapter, the author shows that "The

greatest progressive minds of embryology have not searched for hypothesis; they have looked at embryos. How they have looked, and how they are looking now, is the burden of the section to follow."

In the second, the thesis is advanced that in embryology, as in other aspects of scientific history, progress has "almost always depended more on intellectual than on technological innovations." SARTON, GEORGE. What is the earliest

known representation of a butterfly? Isis, 1955, 46: 52.



274 24. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (ZOOLOGY -BOTANY)

SITWELL, SACHEVERELL; HANDASYDE BUCHANAN; JAMES FISHER. Fine bird books I700-I900. Viii + I 2 0 pp., i 6 col. pl. (i folded), 22 plain pl. (incl. in text pagina- nation), 4 fig. London-New York: Coffins- Van Nostrand, 1953. Reviewed by G. W. Cottrell, Jr., in Isis, I955,

46: 370-372.

TORREY, THEODORE W. Zoology and its makers at Indiana University. Bios, I949, 20:

67-99, 6 photographs.

d. Botany

BAILEY, IRVING W. Contributions to plant anatomy. (Chronica Botanica, an international collection of studies in the method and history of biology and agriculture, edited by Frans Verdoorn, vol. I5, no. i/6.) xxvi + 262 pp., 28 text ill., 23 pl. Waltham, Mass.: Chronica Botanica Co., I954. $7.50.

BASTON, HAROLD. Plants without flowers. Drawings by Jane Burton. xi + 146 pp., 20 pl., drawings in text. New York: Philosophi- cal Library, I955. $6.oo. Written for the general reader; no historical in-

formation.

DARROW, GEORGE M. Blackberry-rasp- berry hybrid. J. Heredity, I955, 46: 67-7I. Includes a history of these hybrids from the

creation of the loganberry in I88i to the present. C. Z.

DAVY DE VIRVILLE, ADRIEN, et collabora- teurs. Histoire de la botanique en France. Preface de Roger Heim. Ouvrage orne de I00

portraits, de 6o figures dans le texte et de i6 planches hors-texte. Publie par le Comite du VIII e Congres International de Botanique, Paris-Nice I954. 394 pp. Paris: Societ6 d'Edi- tion d'Enseignement Superieur, I954. 2000 fr. paper, 2700 fr. bound. Reviewed by J. Theodorides in Rev. Hist. Sci.,

1955, 8: i89. Part I, from the Middle Ages through the eight-

eenth century, is written by Adrien Davy de Vir- ville. Part II, Botanique des temps modernes, is subdivided into the different botanical sciences and has many authors, as follows: Morphologie, anatomie, cytologie, by M. Hocquette; Physiologie vegetale, by J. Carles; Phanerogamie, by A. Guillaumin; Bryologie, by R. Gaume; Phycologie, by J. Feld- mann; Mycologie, by M. Chadefaud; Lichenologie, by H. des Abbayes; Flore et phytographie de la France, by P. Jovet; Botanique agronomique, by J. Bustarret; Botanique forestiere, by Ph. Guinner; Pathologie vegetale, by G. Viennat-Bourgin; Bo- tanique medicale, by R. Paris; Mycologie medicale, by E. Rivalier; La notion d'espace et d'evolution, by Adrien Davy de Virville; Paleobotanique, by Ed. Boureau; Palynologie, by Mme. van Campo; XIX e si&de, voyagcs et explorations botaniques, by Adrien Davy de Virville and R. Schnell.

The coverage is indicated by the above topics and authors. The emphasis throughout is on the work of French botanists and the work of other botanists is only mentioned in passing. The book as a whole, however, constitutes a useful reference work, especially the hundred portraits. C. Z.

GLOCK, WALDO S. Tree growth: Growth rings and climate. Bot. Rev., I955, 2I: 73-I88. A detailed review of the problems involved in

tracing past climatic variations by the study of the annual tree rings. C. Z.

HARANT, HERVE. Notice historique sur le Jardin Botanique de Montpellier, Colloque int. de 1'U. I. S. B. sur l'organisation scientifique des jardins botaniques (Paris, I953). Ann. Biol., I953, 29: 267-273. Reviewed by J. Theodorides in Rev. Hist. Sci.,

1954, 7: 189.

HARANT, HERVE. The Montpellier botanical garden. Endeavour, I954, 13: 97-100I, 5 fig. An important botanical center since the early

sixteenth century. C. Z.

HARLAN, JACK R. Crops, weeds and revolution. Sci. Mon., I955, 8o: 299-303. An account of the origin of cultivated wheat and

the contribution to our crop plants made by their weeds. Weeds are especially adapted to growing among crop plants -otherwise they would not be weeds. If they have valuable properties they often evolve into crop plants themselves. Sometimes, when they are closely related to the crop plants, they contribute valuable chromosome complexes to the crops. The resulting hybrids are among our more valuable cultigens. C. Z.

HIGGINS, B. B. Origin and early history of the peanut. From a symposium, "The peanut -the unpredictable legume," pp. I8-27.

Washington: The National Fertilizer Associa- tion, 1951.

HODGE, W. H. The edible Arracacha- A little known root crop. Econ. Bot., 1954, 8: 195-22I.

This vegetable, belonging to the parsnip-carrot family, only more flavorful and delicate, rivals the potato in popularity and economic importance throughout much of the Andean highlands. It requires a cool climate, so it cannot grow in the tropical lowlands. It also requires a day of medium length and a growth period up to 14 months free from frost, so it cannot grow in the temperate zones. Thus the reason for its cultivation not spreading is obvious. It does represent an agricultural accomplishment of the Indians, though, second only to the development of corn and potatoes.

C. Z.

[HUNGER, F. W. T.] Herbals, early books on botany, history of sciences, etc., from the library of the late Dr. F. W. T. Hunger. To be sold by auction 4 November 1952. 56 pp., ill. Amsterdam: International Antiquariaat, 1952.



24. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (BOTANY -ANATOMY) 275

IZQUIERDO, J. J. La botanique aztique et le botanique meaxicaine moderne. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1955, 34: 227-240.

MILLER, ERSTON V. The natural origins of some popular varieties of fruit. Econ. Bot., I954, 8: 337-338.

PARRY, J. W. The story of spices. viii + 208 pp. New York: Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., I953. $4.50.

Our earliest historical records show that we were not satisfied with the foods our invention of agriculture had given us, but would go to great length to supplement our monotonous, generally tasteless, but calorically adequate diet. Also, much of our food was more palatable if its flavor was hidden or disguised and we sought to alleviate our on the whole unattractive victuals by the use of one or another of some forty species of aromatic plants known as the spices. The Sumerians, for example, used sesame, and the Babylonians sesame, carda- mon, cumin, dill, fennel, origanum, thyme, and saffron. The Egyptians needed many perfumes and aromatic gums and resins for embalming their dead, and they ate great quantities of radishes, leeks, onions and garlic. For the classical world some of the rarer spices were literally worth their weight in gold, and a very lucrative trade developed between the Mediterranean lands and the East Indian islands where the spices grew.

Later on, since Islam lay directly across the spice trade routes, the Arabs in particular profited enor- mously by the tax they were able to enforce on the spice merchants. The Europeans apparently would pay any price for pepper, cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg. In fact, their demand for spices was so insistent that it furnished the chief stimulus for the great maritime explorations of the late fifteenth century. Both the Portuguese circumnavigation of Africa and the Spanish discovery of the New World were but incidental to the search for an easy access to the lands where the spices grow. Today the world uses more spice than ever before, but spices are now so cheap and are employed so routinely that they are taken for granted. Their historical importance is acknowledged, of course, but it is generally underestimated.

It is very convenient to have The Story of the Spices in one small volume. The book is well and clearly written and reasonably complete. It is, in essence, a much better book than it appears to be, for it suffers from auctorial and editorial naivete as few books suffer. For example, its bibliography covers more than four pages, but the items in it are arranged in no discoverable order. They are not alphabetized either according to author or title. They are not in chronological order nor are they numbered or keyed in any way with the text. They are simply there. Such footnotes as "The Decam- eron, page ii," and "The Canterbury Tales, page 202," etc., should fascinate a scholar. By locating the editions the author used (hidden in the bibliography) the references could be checked of course. Passages in the Bible, however, are not cited according to the page number in the copy the author consulted. The Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., thus is not completely unlearned. C. Z.

PARRY, JOHN W. The story of spices. Econ. Bot., I955, 9: I90-207.

An epitome of the book published in 1953 by the Chemical Publishing Company of New York.

C.Z. PETERS, SIR RUDOLPH. Biochemical light

upon an ancient poison: a lethal synthesis. Endeavour, I954, I3 I47-I54.

The toxic properties of the South African plant, Dichopetalum cymosum, is due to fluoroacetic acid, a substance harmless in itself but converted by an enzyme into a poison. C. Z.

SARTON, GEORGE. When was tree-ring analysis discovered? Isis, I954, 45: 383-384.

SCHULMAN, EDMUND. Tree-rings and history in the western United States. Econ. Bot., I954, 8: 234-250.

SHEPARD, ROY E. History of the rose. viii + 264 pp., 26 pL., New York: Macmillan Co., I954. $4.75. Reviewed by Conway Zirkle in Isis, I954, 45:

302-303. STUDHALTER, R. A. Tree growth: Some his-

torical chapters. Bot. Rev., 1955, 2I: 1-72. An account of the botanical factors in the growth

of trees, together with the application of the annual growth rings to dating past climates and archeological remains. C. Z.

TREVIRANUS, L. C. Die Anwendung des Holzschnittes zur bildlichen Darstellung von Pflanzen, nach Entstehung, Bliithe, Verfall und Restauration. (Leipzig i855.) (Classics of Natural History Reprint no. i.) vi + 75 pp. Utrecht: W. de Haan, N.V., I949; Am- sterdam: A. Asher & Co., Heerengracht 386, sole agents for all countries. [Leipzig, i855.] Deals chiefly with the sixteenth and seventeenth

centuries, with some information on the eighteenth. There is a valuable index of artists, botanists, and printers, which has been added to the original work of I855. I.B.C.

WEATHERWAX, PAUL. Indian corn in Old America. iX + 253 pp., 75 ill. New York: Macmillan, I954, $7.50. Reviewed by Conway Zirkle in Isis, 1955, 46:

64-65.

WHITAKER, T. W.; G. F. CARTER. Oceanic drift of gourds-experimental observations. Amer. J. Bot., 1954, 41: 697-700. Apropos the occurrence of Lagenaria siceraria

in both the Old and New Worlds before the time of Columbus. C. Z.

e. Anatomy & physiology

BLAKE, JOHN B. The development of Amer- ican anatomy acts. J. med. Educ., I955, 30:

431-439.

FARBER, EDUARD. The color of venous blood. Isis, I954, 45: 3-9, I fig.



276 24. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (ANATOMY) - 26. MEDICINE

ROTHSCHUH, K. E. Geschichte der Physi- ologie. xi + 249 pp. I23 text ill. Berlin: Jul. Springer, I953. Idem: Entwickelungsge- schichte physiologischer Probleme in Tabel- lenform. viii + I22 pp. Miinchen-Berlin: Urban u. Schwarzenberg, I952. Reviewed by Walter Pagel in Isis, 1954, 45: 105-

io6; and E. Hintzsche in Centaurus, 1954, 3: 263.

ROTHSCHUH, K. E. Entwicklungsgeschichte physiologischer Probleme in Tabellenform. 122 pp. Munchen-Berlin: Urban & Schwarz- enberg, 1952. Kartoniert DM i6. Reviewed by H. Fischer in Gesneris, 1954, II:

51.

ROTHSCHUH, K. E.; A. SCHAEFER. Quan- titative Untersuchungen ueber die Entwick- lung des physiologischen Fachschrifttums (periodica) in den Letzten I50 Jahren. Cen- taurus, I955, 4: 63-66, i pl. folded in.

f. Phywscal anthropology

GREENE, JOHN C. The American debate on the negro's place in nature, I780-i8I5. J. Hist. Ideas, I954, 15: 384-396.

GREENE, JOHN C. Some early speculations on the origin of human races. Amer. Anthrop., I954, 56: 3I-4I.

STRAUS, WILLIAM L., Jr. The great Pilt- down hoax. Science, I954, II9: 265-268.

TEILHARD de CHARDIN, P. L'Afrique et les origines humaines. Rev. Quest. sci., I955, z6: 5-i6.

ZIRKLE, CONWAY. Father Adam and the races of man. Some notes on medieval anthropology. J. Heredity, I954, 45: 29-34.

g. Agriculture, plant and animal breeding, economic entomology

CURWEN, E. CECIL; GUDMUND HATT. Plough and pasture: the early history of farming. xii + 329 pp., 25 fig., I4 pL. New York: Henry Schuman, I953. $5.00. Reviewed by Conway Zirkle in Isis, 1954, 45:

301-302.

MILLAS VALLICROSA, JOSt M. Sobre bibliografia agronomica hispanoarabe. Al-Anda- lus, I954, 19: I29-I42.

HS 25. SCIENCES OF MAN

(psychology, cultural anthropology, sociology)

BIDNEY, DAVID. Theoretical anthropology. 5o6 pp. New York: Columbia University Press, I953. $8.50. Reviewed by Clyde Kluckhohn in Isis, 1954, 45:

107-109.

FARRELL, B. A. Experimental psychology. A series of broadcast talks on recent research. 66 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, I955. $2.75. Discussions on: Perception, by A. J. Watson;

Adult learning and remembering, by Harry Kay; Motivation, by J. A. Deutsch; Some hypotheses of psycho-analysis, by B. A. Farrell; The study of social behaviour, by Michael Argyle; and The pros- pects of experimental psychology, by R. C. Oldfield. These talks were first broadcast on the Third Pro- gramme of the B.B.C. in May and June I954.

GALDSTON, IAGO. Sophocles contra Freud: a reassessment of the Oedipus complex. Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med., I954, 30: 803-8I7.

GORDON, HIRSCH LOEB. Psychiatric concepts in Bible, Talmud and Zohar. In Jews in the Arts and Sciences, Jubilee Volume. Jewish Academy of Arts and Sciences, n.p., I955. II pp.

HOEBEL, E. ADAMSON; JESSE D. JEN- NINGS; ELMER R. SMITH (editors). Read- ings in anthropology. xiv + 4I7 pp., ill. New York-London: McGraw-Hill, I955. $5.00 cloth, $3.75 paper. Reviewed by Alfred G. Smith in Sci. Mon., 1955,

8z: 200.

MANCHIP WHITE, J. E. Anthropology. i9i

pp., 5 fig., 5 pL. New York: Philosophical Library, I955. $2.75.

ROBACK, A. A. History of American psychology. 426 pp. New York: Library Pub- lishers, I952. $6.oo. Reviewed by Josef Brozek in Isis, 1954, 45:

303-304-

RUNES, DAGOBERT. On the nature of man. An essay in primitive philosophy. io5 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, I956. $3.00.

STRAUS, ERWIN W. Man, a questioning being. Tijdsch. Philos., 1955, I7: 29 pp.

HS 26. MEDICINE AND THE MEDICAL SCIENCES

(includes pharmacy)

a. General ACKERKNECHT, ERWVIN H. Geschichte und

Geographie der Krankheiten. Berliner Gesund- heitsblatt, I4/54, 3 pp.

AMADOU, ROBERT. Un chapitre de la medecine magnetique, la poudre de sympathie. Preface du docteur Marcel Martiny. I70 pp. Paris: Gerard Nizet, I953. 450 fr. Reviewed by Ernest Wickersheimer in Arch.

int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 92-94.

ARTELT, WALTER. Einfiuhrung in die Medi- zinhistorik. Ihr Wesen, ihre Arbeitsweise und



26. MEDICINE 277

ihre Hilfsmittel. viii + 240 pp. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke Verlag, 1949. DM I7. An extremely useful introduction to the princi-

ples of medical history and a guide to the literature of the subject divided into four major sections: Der Begriffe der Quelle; Die Heuristik und ihrc Hilfs- mittel; Kritik und Interpretation; Darstellung der Ergebnisse. I. B. C.

AUER, ERICH. Entwicklung und Stand der sozialmedizinischen Reform in der schweizer- ischen Industrie. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Arbeitshygiene. (Basler Veroffentlichun- gen zur Geschichte der Medizin und der Biol- ogie, hrsg. v. Pd. Dr. Med. H. Buess, Basel. Heft V.) 76 pp., 9 pL. Basel: Benno Schwabe & Co. Verlag, I955. Brosch. Sfr. $9.50. Reviewed by Bruno Schuler in Sudhoffs Arch.,

1955, 39: 287. An claboratc history of industrial medicinc in the

nineteenth century, with some indication of the problems of the eighteenth, particularly in relation to the employment of children. I. B. C.

BACKMAN, E. LOUIS. Religious dances in the Christian Church and in popular medicine. Translated by E. Classem. xii + 364 pp., 133

fig. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1952, 30S.

Reviewed by Ernest Wickersheimer in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1955, 34: 85-87.

BASLER VEROFFENTLICHUNGEN zur Ge- chichte der Medizin und der Biologie. Hrsg. v. Pd. Dr. Med. H. Buess. Fasc. I, Beate Moeschlin-Krieg: Zur Geschichte der Regen- erationsforschung im I&. Jahrhundert, 1953. Fasc. 2, Hans Rudolf Thiir: Johann Balthasar Luchsinger (I849-I886). Ein wenig bekann- ter schweizer Physiologe, I953, 8 Sfr. Fasc. 3, Max Winzenreid; Das Militarsanitiitswesen in der Schweiz von der Mediation bis zum Sonderbundskrieg, I954, II Sfr. Fasc. 4, Ernst Rolf Buser: Zur Entwicklung des Badewesens im Unterengadin. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Balneologie der Schweiz, 1954, 5.50 Sfr. Basel: Benno Schwabe & Co. Verlag. Reviewed by George Rosen in 1. Hist. Mcd., 1955,

10: 448-449. This important new scries is inaugurated most

auspiciously by these splendid four booklets, each of which is listed in the appropriate place in this Critical Bibliography. BELL, WHITFIELD J., Jr. Bibliography of

the history of medicine of the United States and Canada -1953. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 442-470.

BELL, WHITFIELD J. Suggestions for research in the local history of medicine in the United States. Bull. Hist. Med., 1945, i7:

460-476.

BISCHLER, W. Histoire de l'epilepsie. L'epilepsie chez les primitifs et les peuples sauvages.

L'epilepsie chez les anciens. ScKntia, I955,

49: 295-301.

BLAKE, JOHN B. The early history of vital statistics in Massachusetts. B-u. Hist. Med., 1955, 29: 46-68.

BLAKE, JOHN B. Public health in the town of Boston, I630-i822. Isis, 1954, 45: 200.

BREITNER, BURGHARD. Geschichte der Medizin in 6sterreich. In Kommission bei Rudolf M. Rohrer, 270 pp. Wien, I95I. (6sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Klasse, Sitzungsberichte, 226 Bd., S. Abhandlungen, Veroiffentlichung der Kom- mission fur Geschichte der Erzierhung und des Unterrichts, hg. von R. Meister, Heft 2.)

Reviewed by Kurt Wuecke in Centatirus, 1955,

4: 94-95. BROCKBANK, WILLIAM. Portrait of a hospi-

tal, I782-1948. To commemorate the bicentenary of the Royal Infirmary, Manchester. x + 2I8 pp., ill. London: William Heine- mann, 1952. 25S.

Reviewed by W. Pagel in Bull. Hist. Mcd., 1954, 28: 98.

BRODMAN, ESTELLE. The development of medical bibliography. (Medical Library Asso- ciation, Publication i.) iX + 226 pp. Balti- more: Medical Library Association, 1954.

$5.00.

Reviewed by W. B. McDaniel in 1. Hist. Med., 1955, IO: 130-132.

BROWN, G. H. Munk's Roil of the Royal College of Physicians of London. Volume 4, Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of London, i826-i925. x + 637 pp. London: Published by the College, 1955.

?2.2.od. Complete set with vol. 4, ?4. Munk's Roll was first published in i86i in two

volumes containing biographical sketches of 135I Fellows and Licentiates admitted to the College from its foundation in I5I8 to the end of the eighteenth century. Volume 3, published with the second edition of the first two volumes in I878, added 372 lives and carried the record to I 825. The present volume is devoted to Fellows only and extends the work by another century, containing short biographies of the 874 Fellows who were elected between I826 and 1925, and who died before i January 1954. In addition, the new volume contains addenda to volume 3, a list of College officers (completing the list in volume 3) and a list of lectures and lecturers. The biographies are presented in chronological order, but there is an excellent alphabetical name index. I. B. C.

[BRUCE, Sir DAVID] Centenary of Sir David Bruce's birth, 29 May i855. J. Army med. Corps, I955, vol. IOI. This issue commemorates the centennial of the

birth of Major-General Sir David Bruce, K.C.B., F.R.S., I855-1931, one of the most illustrious members of the Medical Department of the British



278 26. MEDICINE

Army. He was outstanding in medical research and in the administration of medical research. Early in his career he discovered the bacterial cause of the disease known as Malta fever, now called Brucello- sis. Later in Africa he was one of the pioneers in proving that insects can transmit certain agents of disease. He discovered the cause of tse-tse fly diseases in cattle (trypanosoma brucei) and showed that another trypanosome was the causative agent of African sleeping sickness in humans and was transmitted from sick to well persons by the tse-tse fly.

Contents: Foreword, by F. Harris, pp. 79-80; Sir David Bruce, an appreciation, by W. J. Tulloch, pp. 8I-90; Sir David Bruce, an appreciation of the man and his work, by M. Robertson, pp. 9I-99; a bibliography of the work of Sir David Bruce, I887- 1924, compiled by M. Davies, pp. I22-I29. [Edi- torial] Sir David Bruce, I855-1931, pp. I58-i6I.

M. C. L.

BUSER, ERNST ROLF. Zur Entwicklung des Badewesens im Unterengadin. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Baleneologie der Schweiz. 5I pp. (Basier Veroff. Gesch. Med. Biol., Fasc. 4.) Basel: Benno Schwabe & Co., 1954.

CLARK, J. STANLEY. Open wider, please. The story of dentistry in Oklahoma. xi + 39' pp., 21 pL. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, I955. $5.00.

COHEN, I. BERNARD. Current work in the history of medicine. Isis, I955, 46: 278.

COPE, Sir ZACHARY. How medicine became a science. J. Franklin Inst., 1956, 26x: 8I-9I.

DAMON, WILLIAM A. A brief history of the John Rhea Barton chair of surgery. Trans. Coll. Phycns. Phila., 1955, 23: 94-104, I fig.

DIEPGEN, PAUL. Irrationales und rationales Denken in der Geschichte der Medizin. Der Landarzt (Stuttgart), I954, 30: II pp.

DIEPGEN, PAUL. Zur Geschichte der Chemo- therapie, insbesondere der Syphilis. Dtsch. med. Wschr., I955, 6: Heft 1/2, 5 pp.

DRAKE, T. G. H. Antique pewter of medical interest (2). Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: 420- 428, 7 fig.

DUBOS, RENE J.; JEAN DUBOS. The white plague. Tuberculosis, man and society. vii + 277 pp. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1952.

$4.00. Reviewed by Morris C. Leikind in Isis, 1954, 45:

221-223.

DUFRENOY, MARIE-LOUISE; JEAN DU- FRENOY. Senescence en pathologie com- paree; historique, courbes de croissance. VI Congreso Internacional de Patologia Compar- ada, Madrid, 4-11 mayo 1952, pp. 33-38.

DVORJETSKI, MARC. Sur la pathologie de la famine dans les ghettos. Rev. Hist. Med. hibr., 1954, 7: 259-268.

EIS, GERHARD. Die gross-schutzener Gesund- heitslehre. Studien Geschichte der deutschen Kultur im Siudosten. (Siidosteuropaische Ar- beiten, 36. Im Auftrag des Deutschen Aus- landswissenschaftlichen Inst. [Berlin], des Siidostinstituts [Miunchen] und der Siudostge- meinschaft Wiener Hochschulen herausgege- ben von Kurt Knoll, Fritz Machatschek, Fritz Valjavec.) i8o pp. Briinn-Munchen-Wien: Rudolf M. Rohrer; Miunchen: Verlag G. D. W. Callwey, I943. "Die 'Gross-Schiitzener Gesundheitslehre,' die in

einer einzigen Handschrift aus dem Anfang des I6. Jh.s iiberliefert wird, ist in zweifacher Hinsicht von Bedeutung. Ihr vielseitiger Inhalt macht sie zu einer wertvollen Quelle fur mehrere Gebiete der allgemeinen Kulturgeschichte, und ihre Wirkung im Herrschaftsbereich der Grafen Kollonitsch verleiht ihr einen besonderen Wert fur die Erfor- schung der deutschen Kultureinfliusse im Sudosten. Schriften ihrer Art sind bisher noch nicht zum Gegenstand umfassender Studien gemacht worden. Eine Auswertung allein zugunsten der Geschichte der Medizin oder der Botanik liesse sich wichtige Ertrige entgehen. Bei dem Ziel, eine Zusammen- fassung der Grundlagen fur ein gesundes Leben zu geben, bietet der unbekannte Verfasser auch An- gaben iiber Wohnhygiene, Leibesiibungen, Bereitung von Speisen und Getrinken fur Gesunde und Kranke, Tischsitten, Tierzucht, Jadg, Feld- und Gartenbau, Drogeneinfuhr und manche volkskund- lich bemerkenswerte Einzelheiten."

[ESPINO, JOSA MANUEL] Historia de la oftalmologia en Venezuela hasta i955. Rev. Soc. venez. Hist. Med., 1954, 2: nos. 5/6. The whole issue of the Revista is devoted to

the history of ophthalmology in Venezuela. Pages 243-342 contain the history, followed by a bibliography of 427 citations of works on ophthalmology by 103 Venezuelan authors, based in large measure on the bibliography (p. 339) of Dr. Ricardo Archila. These titles are presented by subject and author, and in chronological order. The work begins with a discussion of the remedies used by the Venezuelan Indians for eye diseases, followed by the colonial and independent eras (including operations on the eye, instruction in ophthalmology, etc.). The opening of the Vargas Hospital in Caracas in I89I, in which an eye department was established in I895, ushers in the modern era. I. B. C. FLEETWOOD, JOHN. History of medicine in

Ireland. xvi + 420 pp., ill. Dublin: Browne and Nolan, Ltd., Richview Press, I951. 2IS.

Reviewed by T. G. Wilson in Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 83-86. FLORKIN, MARCEL. Midecine et m6decins

au Pays de Li6ge. (Universit6 de Li6ge, Travaux du S6minaire d'Histoire de la Mede- cine, vol. I). 231 pp., 72 ill. Liege: H. Vail- lant-Carmanne, 1954.

Reviewed by George Sarton in 1. Hist. Med., 1954, 9: 471-475; by Ernest Wickersheimer in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 192-193; by Erwin H. Ackerknecht in Arch. int. Hist. Scd., 1954, 33: 385.



26. MEDICINE 279

FLORKIN, MARCEL. Pour une histoire vi- vante de la medecine scientifique. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1955, 34: 53-55.

FULTON, JOHN F. Medicine, warfare, and history. Smithsonian Institution, Annual Re- port, 1I954, pp. 427-441.

FULTON, JOHN F. The great medical bibliographers. A study in humanism. I07 pp. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; London: Geoffrey Cumberlege, Oxford University Press, 1951. 32S.

Reviewed by H. Fischer in Gesnerus, 1954, 11: 47-49.

FULTON, JOHN FARQUHAR. I: Vesalius four centuries later. II: Medicine in the eighteenth century. (Logan Clendening Lec- tures on the history and philosophy of medicine, ist series.) viii + 52 pp., front. Law- rence: University of Kansas Press, 1950.

Reviewed by Henry E. Sigerist in Centaurus, 1954, 3: 276-277.

GALDSTON, IAGO. Dark corners and obscure alcoves in medical history. Bull. Hist. Med., 1955, 29 317-328.

GALDSTON, IAGO. Homines ad deos: or the clinical bull in the ecological china shop. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 515-524.

GALDSTON, IAGO (ed.) The epidemiology of health. A New York Academy of Medicine book. ix + I97 pp. New York: Health Edu- cation Council, 1953.

Reviewed by John B. Blake in Isis, 1954, 45: I 10.

GIBSON, WILLIAM C. Significant scientific discoveries by medical students. Sci. Mon., I955, 8z: 22-26.

GOODALL, A. L. The Royal Faculty of Physi- cians and Surgeons. J. Hist. Med., i955, zo: 207-225, 3 fig.

GOTFREDSEN, EDV. Medecinens Historie. 514 PP. Copenhagen: Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck, 1950. Kr. 46.50.

Reviewed by Sten Lindroth in Centarus, 1954, 3: 264-268.

GREENWALD, ISIDOR. Observations on the history of goiter in Ohio and in West Vir- ginia. J. Hist. Med., 1955, ZO: 277-289.

GRIGG, E. R. N. Historical and bibliographical review of tuberculosis in the mentally ill. J. Hist. Med., 1955, 1o: 58-I08, 6 fig.

GRMEK, M. D. (editor) Hrvatska medicinska bibliografija. Opis tiskanih knjiga i clanaka s podrucja humane i veterinarske medicine i farmacije, koji se odnose na Hrvatsku. (Bib- liographia medica Croatica. Descriptio libro- rum articulorumque de humana, veterinaria medicine pharmaceuticeque spectantium ad Croatiam.) (In Croatian.) Pars L.: Libri.

Fasciculus i.: 1470-1875. 230 pp., 32 p1.

Zagreb: Znanstvena Knjizara, Izdava&og Zavoda Jugoslavenske Akademije, i955.

GRMEK, M. D.; S. DUJMUgIC (editors). Iz hrvatske medicinske proglosti. 314 pp., front. in color, 42 fig. in text, I9 pL. Zagreb: Spomen Knjiga Zbora Lijecnika Hrvatske, 1954. (From the medical past of Croatia. Edited by Mirko Drazen Grmek and Stanko Dujmugic. Published by the Medical Associa- tion of Croatia.) This is a collection of twenty-five papers dealing

with medical history in Croatia, one of the feder- ated republics of Yugoslavia. We can not do more than enumerate them briefly: i, August Foren- baher, History of the Medical Association of Croatia; 2, M. D. Grmek, History of Medicine in Croatia from early times up to the 12th century; 3, Lavoslav Glesinger, History of medicine in Cro- atia from I874 until now; 4, Anton Zimolo, Medi- cine in Croatia during the National Liberation, 1941-1945; 5, Stanko Miholiu, Mineral springs in Croatia; 6, Bartol Zmajic, Medical symbols in the coats-of-arms of Croatian physicians, pharmacists and surgeons; 7, Juraj Kallay, The Neanderthal man of Krapina; 8, Rafo Ferri, Regulations of Dalmatian towns in the Middle Ages; 9, M. D. Grmek, Medical contracts of the 14th and 15th centuries; io, Valentin Putanec, Libellus de conser- vanda sanitate in a Zagreb MS of the end of the i3th century; text derived from the Regimen of Taddeo Alderotti (XIII-2), see my Introduction (2: Io86); ici, Stanko Sielski, Old Arabic and Turkish medical MSS in Bosnia and Herzegovina; 12, Lavoslav Glesinger, Joannes Dragojaevus and his treatise Theriaca atque Mithnidatium (Frankfort u. d. Oder, 1552); study based upon the unique copy in Armed Forces Medical Library, Cleveland; 13, Zdenka Kester&anek, Inventories of pharmacies in Dubrovnik in the i6th century; I4, Josip Staj- duhar, Spectacles in a wood relief of the 17th century in Varazdin; i5, Kamilo Firinger, Restric- tion of barbers and surgeons in Osijek, 1746; i6, Damir Primozic', Medical curiosities in Croatian calendars; I7, Vinko Justin Velnic', Medical poem in Croatia by Fra Ignatius Aquilini, 1I705; Ic8, Dugan Beri6, Medical prescriptions in Croatia by Petar Bartulovie, 1799; I9, Cvito Firkovi6, Public health in Split (Spalato) at the turn of the i8th century, from an unpublished anonymous Italian MS of I8o6; 20, Ante Drescik, First anaesthesia in a Dalmatian hospital at Dubrovnik in I874 (five years after Boston); 21, Hrvoje Tartalia, Medical pharmaceutical collaboration in Croatia and Slavo- nia, igth century; 22, Leo Trauner, Medicinal baths in Croatia; 23, Oto Krivec, Urology in Croatia; 24, Milan Schwarzwald, Actinotherapy in Croatia; 25, Ferdo Petrov6i4, Beginnings of roentgenological diag- nostics in Croatia, 1896; 26, Leander Brozovie, Fevers in folk medicine.

The book is well printed, beautifully illustrated, but there is no index. It is a credit to our Yugoslav colleagues and to the Zagreb printers. G. S.

GUTHRIE, DOUGLAS. From witchcraft to antisepsis: a study in antithesis. (Logan Clendening Lectures on the history and phi-



280 26. MEDICINE

losophy of medicine, sth series.) 53 pp. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, I955.

$1.50. Part i is devoted to Witches and witch-doctors;

Part 2, to Lister and his achievement. "The two subjects of which I have chosen to speak may appear, at first sight, to have little in common. Yet each represents the origin and growth of an idea; the first, magical, medieval, and detrimental to mankind; the second, logical, scientific, and su- premely beneficial. Witchcraft and antisepsis are as poles apart, the very antithesis of each other; yet, from both, we may learn lessons which are of interest and of value in relation to modern medicine."

HAHN, ANDRE; PAULE DUMAITRE; JANINE SAMION. Les manuscrits i la Biblioth6que de la Faculte de Medecine de Paris. La Semaine des H8pitaux de Paris, 1954, 30: no. 79, 8 pp., 6 fig.

HARANT, H.; J. RIOUX. Le paludisme au- thochtone en Languedoc-Roussillon (Histor- ique-Regression). Rev. Path. gin. comp., I953, no. 652, 1240-1251.

Reviewed by J. Th6odorid&s in Ret'. Hist. Sri., 1954, 7: 292-

HIRST, L. FABIAN. The conquest of plague. A study of the evolution of epidemiology. With a foreword by Lt.-Gen. Sir William Macarthur. xvi + 478 pp., I6 fig. in text, 6 pL, 3 maps. New York-Oxford: at the Clar- endon Press, 1953. $11.00.

Reviewed by Rene J. Dubos in Isis, 1954, 45: 207-2o8; by Gaylord W. Anderson in Amer. hist. Rev., 1954, 6o: 62.

HOFFMANN, KARL FRANZ. Christliche Arzte. Lebensbilder vom I6. bis I9. Jahrhundert. 225 pp. Regensburg: Josef Habbel, 1950.

DM 8.50. Reviewed by Gernot Rath in Centataruts, 1954,

3: 278.

HORDER, Lord. Fifty years of medicine. 70 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, 1954.

$2.50. Reviewed by Morris C. Leikind in Sci. Mon.,

1955, 8o: 69.

IBA1&EZ VARONA, RENE. Historia de los hos- pitales y asilos de Puerto Prfncipe o Camaguley (periodo colonial). Pr6logo por el Dr. Carlos Salas Humara. (Cuadernos de Historia Sani- taria.) La Habana: Ministerio de Salubridad y Asistencia, 1954.

JARAMILLO-ARANGO, JAIME. The British contribution to medicine. xii + 220 pp., 45 pl. Edinburgh and London: E. and S. Living- stone, 1953. 25s.

Reviewed in Natture, 1954, I73: 744-745.

JOLY, JEAN-PAUL. Petite histoire des lun- ettes. Rev. deux Mondes, 1954, 7: 474-486.

KANNER, LEO. The status of historical perspective in psychiatric instruction. Bull. Hist. Med., 1955, 29: 329-336.

KAWAKAMI, T. Methodology of history in medicine. (In Japanese.) J. Hist. Sci. Japan, 1955, no. 33, 7-i6.

KEEVIL, JOHN. Coffeehouse cures. J. Hist. Med., 1954, 9: 191-195, 3 pl.

KELLY, A. D. Health insurance in New France. A footnote to the history of medical economics. BuU. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 535- 541.

KERR, J. M. MUNRO; R. W. JOHNSTONE; MILES H. PHILLIPS. Historical review of British obstetrics and gynaecology I800-i950. viii + 420 pp. Edinburgh and London: Liv- ingstone, 1954. 30S.

Reviewed by P. F. C. Wille in Sudhofgs Arch., 1955, 39: 192-

KILLIAN, H.; G. KRAMER. Meister der Chir- urgie und die Chirurgenschulen im deutschen Raum. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme, 1951.

Reviewed by Th. H. Schlichting in Centaurus, 1955, 4: 93-94. KLICKSTEIN, HERBERT S. David Hosack

on the qualifications of a professor of chemistry in the medical department. With a short history of the Professorship of Chemistry at Columbia College Medical Department (1776- I876), College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York (I807-I860), and Rutgers Medical College (I826-I830). BuU. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 212-236.

KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITETS Medicinsk- Historiske Museum. Arsberetning 1954. (An- nual Report, 1954.) (In Danish, summaries in English.) Kobenhavn, n.d. Contains i6 pages of introduction, including Eng-

lish summaries of some Danish articles on the history of medicine, of which reprints are included. KOTSOVSKY, DIMU. Alte und neue Wege

in der Erforschung des Alterns. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 58-70.

LEIKIND, MORRIS C. Army Medical Mu- seum and Armed Forces. Institute of Pathol- ogy in historical perspective. Sci. Mon., 1954,

79: 71-78.

LEIKIND, MORRIS C. The stethoscope. Some notes on its history. J. nat. med. Ass., 1955, 47: 177-i80, 2 fig.

LENOBLE, ROBERT. Le theme du poison. Arch. int Hist. Sci., 1955, 34: 41-52.

LONG, ESMOND R. The decline of chronic infectious disease and its social implications. (The Fielding H. Garrison Lecture.) Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 368-384.



26. MEDICINE 28I

McNEIL, DONALD R. Collecting Wisconsin's medical history. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28:

333-340. MAJOR, RALPH H. A history of medicine.

2 vols., II55 pp., ill. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1954. $I8.50. Reviewed by Henry R. Viets in 1. Hist. Med.,

1955, 10: 437-438. MALUF, N. S. R. History of blood transfusion.

J. Hist. Med., 1954, 9: 59-107, 24 fig.

MARGETTS, EDWARD L. Historical notes on psychosomatic medicine. In Eric D. Witt- kower & R. A. Cleghorn (editors), Recent developments in psychosomatic medicine. (xvi + 495 pp. London: Isaac Pitman, I954), ch. 3, pp. 4-68.

MAYER, CLAUDIUS F. Centennials in the medical hall of fame. An almanac of anni- versaries for 1954 A.D. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 1-14, portr.

MAYER, CLAUDIUS F. The Hippocratic oath, the pledge of Geneva, and ABC warfare. Miit. Surgeon, 1952, zIz: 369-370.

MAZZEO, MARIO. L'assistenzia sanitaria is- pirata dal cristianesimo -3: Crociate, grande epidemie (lebbra, peste, fuoco sacro) - ordini ospitalieri. Riv. Stor. Sci. med. nat., 1955, 46: 7-38.

MEINDL, RUDOLF. Zur Geschichte der Zuckerharnruhr. 58 pp. Berlin: Selbstverlag, 1950.

Reviewed by E. Bastholm in Centaurus, 1954, 3: 271-272.

MERZBACH, ARNOLD. Jewish physicians in Central Europe during the transitional period from the ghetto to the Emancipation. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 707-712. Also in: Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: I68-173.

MICHELS, NICHOLAS A. The American As- sociation of Anatomists. A sketch of its origin, aims, and meetings. Anat. Rec., 1955,

Z22: 685-714.

MILLER, GENEVIEVE. Bibliography of the history of medicine of the United States and Canada - 1954. Bull. Hist. Med., 1955, 29:

448-468. MONACHINO, JOSEPH. Rauvolfia serpentina

-its history, botany and medical use. Econ. Bot., I954, 8: 349-365. The source of a new drug for lowering high blood

pressure. C. Z. MURRAY, E. G. D. A plea for constructive

speculation. Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: 69-74.

NAUCK, E. TH. Die Zahl der Medizinstu- denten deutscher Hochschulen im I4.-I8. Jahrhundert. Sudhoffs Arch., I954, 38: I75- I86.

NETTLESHIP, ANDERSON. Some plastic representations of disease made by early man. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 259-269, io fig.

OBERNDORF, C. P. A history of psychoanalysis in America. 280 pp. New York: Grune and Stratton, i953. Reviewed by lago Galdston in Isis, 1955, 46: 78-

8o. PAGEL, WALTER. Humoral pathology. A

lingering anachronism in the history of tuberculosis. (To the memory of Max Neuburger.) BuU. Hist. Med., 1955, 29: 299-308, i facs.

PAPASPYROS, N. S. The history of diabetes mellitus. Foreword by Dr. R. D. Lawrence. xvi + IOO pp. London: Robert Stockwell, Ltd., 1952. IOS. 6d. Reviewed by Edward Tolstoi in Isis, 1954, 45:

iio-iii; by Owsei Temkin in Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 97-98; by John F. Fulton in J. Hist. Med., 1955, 9: 132--133.

PAPP, DESIDERIO. Histoire des antibiotiques. Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 124-138.

PRECOPE, JOHN. Medicine, magic and myth- ology. vi + 284 + 2 pp. London: William Heinemann, 1954. 42S.

Reviewed by Dorothy M. Schullian in Sudhofis Arch., 1955, 39: 284-285.

RAVIN, ARNOLD W. Infection by viruses and genes. Amer. Scientist, 1955, 43: 468-478. A brief summary of present knowledge. C. Z.

RENDLE-SHORT, JOHN. The history of teething in infancy. Proc. roy. Soc. Med., 1955, 48: 132-138.

REVISTA DE LA SOCIEDAD venezolana de historia de la medicina. Isis, 1954, 45: 293.

RITCHIE, JOHN. History of the laboratory of the Royal College of Physicians of Edin- burgh. Foreword by W. A. Alexander. xi + 158 pp., 8 ill. Edinburgh: Royal College of Physicians, 1953. 15S.

Reviewed by Douglas Guthrie in 1. Hist. Med., 1955, 10: 347-348. ROBERTS, KIMBERLEY S.; NORMAN P.

SACKS. Dom Duarte and Robert Burton, two men of melancholy. J. Hist. Med., 1954,

9: 2I-37.

RONCHESE, F. Les dartes. Centaurus, I954,

3: 236-243, 7 pl.

ROSEN, GEORGE. Problems in the application of statistical analysis to questions of health: I7oo-I88o. Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: 27-45.

RUSSELL, BRIAN. The history of lupus vul- garis: its recognition, nature, treatment and prevention. Proc. roy. Soc. Med., 1955, 48: I27-I32.



282 26. MEDICINE

SACHS, A. The centenary of British military pathology. J. Army med. Corps, 1955, IOI: 100-121.

The term pathology is used here broadly to include all aspects of medical science. Major-General Sachs, Deputy Director of Medical Services in the Eastern Command of the British Army, gives an account of the contributions of Army doctors to the advancement of medicine in the British army during the last hundred years. Pathologists were first appointed as such to the Medical Department of the British Army on 27 April I855. Included as an appendix to this lecture, originally presented at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in Washington, D.C., on i5 September 1954, is the text of an order signed by Lord Panmure, Secretary of War, directing Dr. R. D. Lyons and two assistant pathologists to pro- ceed to the hospitals at Scutari to conduct pathological researches there. M. C. L.

SACHS, ERNEST. The history and development of neurological surgery. I58 pp., ill. New York: Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1952. $5.00.

Reviewed by Henry R. Viets in Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 83.

SARTON, GEORGE. Earliest writings on coryza, hay fever, pollen allergy? Isis, 1954,

45: 199.

SARTON, GEORGE. The history of medicine in Vietnam: Pierre Huard. Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: 566-571.

SCHMIDT, WERNER. Die Gallensteinsamm- lung Bernhard Naunyns. Sudhoffs Arch., I954,

38: 378-38I.

SCHULZ, ERNST HERMANN. Zur Frage der Entwicklung des Stahles fur arztliche Instru- mente. Sudhoffs Arch., I955, 39: 30-34.

SCHWARTZ, L. LASZLO. The historical relations of American dentistry and medicine. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 542-549.

SEHSUVAROGLU, BEDI N. Apercu sur l'histoire de la quarantaine en Turquie. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 505-5o6, i pl.

SEIDE, J. History of medicine. 205 pp. Tel Aviv: M. Newman, 1954.

Reviewed by Joshua 0. Leibowitz in 1. Hist. Med., 1955, so: 446-447. SENET, ANDRE. Histoire de la medecine

veterinaire. 117 pp. (Collection "Que sais- je?" no. 584.) Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1953.

Reviewed by J. Theodorides in Rev. Hist. Med., 1954, 7: 195. SHRYOCK, RICHARD H. The unique in-

fluence of the Johns Hopkins University on American medicine. (Acta Historica Scien- tiarum Naturalium et Medicinalium, edidit Bibliotheca Universitatis Hauniensis, vol. io.) 78 pp. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, 1953. Reviewed by Henry E. Sigerist in Isis, I954, 45:

208-209.

SIGERIST, HENRY E. Die Heilkunst im Dienste der Menschheit. ii6 pp. Stuttgart: Hippokrates-Verlag, 1954.

Reviewed by H. Fischer in Gesnerus, 1955, 12: 68-69. SIMON, S. WILLIAM. The medical history of

the Veterans Administration Center at Day- ton, Ohio (1900-I930). Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 73-79.

SPITZER, LEO. The etymology of the term "syphilis." Bull. Hist. Med., 1955, 29: 269- 273.

STANTON, A. H.; M. S. SCHWARTZ. The mental hospital. 492 pp. New York: Basic Books, 1954. $7.50. Reviewed by Stephen Fleck in 1. Hist. Med.,

1955, IO: 449-451-

STEVENSON, LLOYD G. On the meaning of the words cerussa and psimithium (psimy- thion). J. Hist. Med., 1955, lo: I09-Ill.

STEVENSON, LLOYD G. On the supposed exclusion of butchers and surgeons from jury duty. J. Hist. Med., 1954, 9: 235-238.

TEMKIN, OWSEI. An historical analysis of the concept of infection. Stud. intellect. Hist. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1953), pp. 123-147.

TEMKIN, OWSEI. Therapeutic trends and the treatment of syphilis before I900. (In memory of Max Neuburger.) Bull. Hist. Med., 1955, 29: 309-3I6.

ULLERSPERGER, J. B. Historia de la psi- cologia y la psiquiatria en Espania. Prologo, version, notas y apendices por el Dr. V. Peset. XXVi + 206 pp., 8 pL Editorial Alhambra, S.A., I954. Reviewed by Jaime Pi-Sunyer in 1. Hist. Med.,

I955, I0: 35I-352.

VEITH, ILZA. The physician: priest, craftsman, or philosopher? Transaction No. I5. 12 pp. Basavangudi, Bangalore: The Indian Institute of Culture, 1952. Re. i/-

WADE, ELLA N. The Mutter Museum -then and now. Trans. Coll. Phycns. Phila., 1955, 23: 24-28.

WELLCOME HISTORICAL Medical Library. A brief account of its history, scope and purpose. 13 pp., 2 p1., 3 facs. London: The Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1954.

WILLE, P. F. C. Die Ikonographie der Ber- liner Charite. Sudhoffs Arch., 1955, 39: 113- 122, 12 Abb.

WILLIAMSON, RAYMOND. The germ theory of disease: neglected precursors of Louis Pasteur (Richard Bradley, Benjamin Marten, Jean-Baptiste Goiffon). Ann. Sci., 1955, II:

44-5 7, I pl.



26. MEDICINE -27. TECHNOLOGY 283

WINZENRIED, MAX. Das Militarsanit-ats- wesen in der Schweiz von der Mediation bis zum Sonderbundskrieg. io6 pp., 6 pl. (Basler Veroff. Gesch. Med. Biol., Fasc. 3). Basel: Benno Schwabe & Co., I954.

WITTOP KONING, D. A. The Amsterdam Historical Medical-Pharmaceutical Museum. Endeavour, 1954, I3: 128-133, II fig.

YALE UNIVERSITY, Department of the His- tory of Medicine, Annual Report I953-1954. 26 pp. New Haven: Historical Library, Sterling Hall of Medicine, I954.

b. Pharmay ARMYTAGE, W. H. G. The Royal Society

and the apothecaries, I660-I722. Notes roy. Soc. Lond., 1954, 2: 22-37.

BAER, KARL A. Bibliographical tools for selection of published materials in pharmacy. Amer. J. pharm. Educ., 1954, 8: 373-38I.

BARNES, BYRON A.; LAURETTA E. FOX. Poisoning with Dieffenbachia. J. Hist. Med., I955, O: 173-I8I.

BONOW, EUNICE R. The history of professional pharmaceutical fraternities for women. Amer. J. pharm. Educ., 1954, July, 410-413.

BRANS, P. H. Les organisations mondiales d'histoire de la pharmacie. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I954, 33: 49-52.

CHAPMAN-HUSTON, DESMOND; ERNEST C. CRIPPS. Through a city archway. The story of Allen & Hanburys, I7I5-I954. xv + 326 pp., front., 48 pL. London: John Murray, I954. 25S.

This history begins with 1715, with the opening of a pharmacy by Sylvanus Bevan, of which Wil- liam Allen became proprietor at the close of the eighteenth century. Allen was elected F.R.S. in I807. The pharmacy has been in continuous existence since I75, and is at present a large pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise with branches overseas. I. B. C.

GUITARD, E.-H. Le prestigieuse passe des eaux minerales. Histoire du thermalisme et de l'hydrologie des origines i 1950. Preface du pr Laignel-Lavastine. 324 pp., 70 fig. Paris: Societe d'Histoire de la Pharmacie, 1951. 1480 fr. Contains six chapters on: Les aspects religieux

et folkloriques; L'evolution de l'organisation thermale; Les etapes de la science hydrologique; Les techniques; le commerce des eaux; Archeologie thermale; Les moeurs balneaires. There are also extensive bibliographical notes, and an alphabetical index.

GRIFFENHAGEN, GEORGE B. Early Ameri- can pharmacies. A pictorial catalog of apothecary shop restorations which are on exhibi-

tion in the United States. 23 pp., photographs. Washington: American Pharmaceuti- cal Association, I955.

SONNEDECKER, GLENN. The character of research at the doctoral level in the history of pharmacy. Amer. J. pharm. Educ., I954, z8: 239-249.

URDANG, GEORGE. How chemicals entered the official pharmacopoeias. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 303-314. Also in: Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 694-706.

VERSHOFEN, WILHELM. Die Anfinge der chemisch-pharmaceutischen Industrie. Eine wirtschaftshistorische Studie. Zweiter Bd. 120 pp. Aulendorf in Wiurttemberg: Editio Cantor K. G., n.d. DM I3.50. Reviewed by George Urdang in Arch. int. Hist.

Sci., 954, 33: 208.

HS 27. TECHNOLOGY

(includes engineering, mining, mechanical inventions, horology, arts and crafts, military

technology, agricultural technology)

BIED-CHARRETON, RENE. L'utilisation de l'energie hydraulique. Ses origines, ses grandes etapes. Rev. Hist. Sci., 1955, 8: 53-72.

BIREMBAUT, A. Les premiers congres inter- nationaux du p6trole. Act. 3#me Congr. mond. Pitrole, 1951, pp. 203-204.

BOWEN, HAROLD G.; CHARLES F. KET- TERING. A short history of technology. ii8 pp., i. West Orange, N. J.: Thomas Alva Edison Foundation, Inc., I954.

BUCCAR, M. de. Grandes inventions. 95 pp., 95 ill. Paris: Larousse, 1953. Reviewed by S. Colnort-Bodet in Rev. Hist. Sci.,

1954, 7: I96.

BURLINGAME, ROGER. Machines that built America. 2I4 pp. New York: Harcourt Brace, I953. $3.50.

Reviewed by Clyde E. Dankert in Sci. Mon., 1954, 78: 336. BUSH, VANNEVAR et al. Report to the

Secretary of Commerce by the Advisory Com- mittee on Application of Machines to Patent Office Operations. 76 pp. Washington 25, D. C.: Department of Commerce, 1954. $I.00.

CLOW, ARCHIBALD. Fiscal policy and the development of technology. Ann. Sci., 1954, IO: 342-358, 4 fig.

CRAWFORD, 0. G. S. A century of air- photography. Antiquity, 1954, No. 112, 206- 210.

DRYDEN, HUGH L. Supersonic travel within the last two hundred years. Sci. Mon., 1954, 78: 289-295, 7 fig.



284 27. TECHNOLOGY

ELTON, ARTHUR. The rise of the gas industry in England and France. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 492-504.

FELDHAUS, FRANZ MARIA. Die Maschine im Leben der Volker: Ein Ueberbllck von der Urzeit bis zur Renaissance. Mit 205 Abbild- ungen und I Farbtafel. Basel-Stuttgart: Verlag Birkhiuser, 1954. Sfr. 26. Reviewed by Lynn Thorndike in Isis, I955, 46:

372. FORBES, R. J. Technology and society. Im-

pact of Scknce on Society (UNESCO, Paris), 1951, 2: 7-9.

FORBES, R. J. The ancient bitumen industry. Hom. Miilds Vallicrosa, 1954, z: 599-610, 4 fig.

FORBES, R. J. Vom Steinbeil zum Ueberschall. Funftausend Jahre Technik. 372 pp., 44 ill., 36 fig., x6 pL. Munchen: Paul List Verlag, 1954. DM I5.8o. Reviewed by J. P. in Arch. int. Hist. Sa., 1954,

33: 395; by Friedrich Klemm in Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 287-288.

GATLAND, KENNETH W. Development of the guided missile. 292 pp., 2nd ed., ill. Lon- don: Iliffe; New York; Philosophical Library, I954. $4.75. Reviewed by Howard S. Seifert in Sci. Mon.,

1955, 8r: I 53-I 54.

GHASWALA, S. K. Development in aluminium and its alloys. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., I953, 6: 6094617

HALL, A. R. Technology and science. Times Lit. Supp., Lond., 1956, 6 January, pp. xxii-

HAYWARD, J. Y. European firearms. 53 pp., 34 pl. New York: Philosophical Library, 1955. $7.50. Intended to provide a guide to the collection of

firearms in the Victoria and Albert Museum, this work is nevertheless an introduction to the history of the subject, although "historical and technical problems . . . are . . . only discussed in so far as they arise in connection with objects in the Museum collection." The heart of the book is a series of thirty-four plates illustrating the development of the design and mechanism of firearms from the i6th to the x8th centuries. I. B.C.

JAQUEROD, ADRIEN. Science and chro- nometry. Endeavour, 1954, I3: 134-139.

KILGOUR, FREDERICK G. History and significance of automatic control. Yale sci. Mag., 1955, 29: 4 pp., 3 fig.

KLEMM, FRIEDRICH. Technik. Eine Ge- schichte ihrer Probleme (Orbis academicus. Problemgeschichten der Wissenschaft in Doku- menten und Darstellungen. Bd. II/5). xii +

454 pp. 94 Abb. Freiburg-Munchen: K. Alber, '954. DM 26.-. Reviewed by Otto Mahr in Sudhofis Arch., 1955,

39: 190-191.

LIPSON, E. A short history of wool and its manufacture (mainly in England). 205 pp. London: W. Heinemann ['9531. Reviewed by G. de Poerck in Arch. int. Hist.

Sci., I954, 33: 397.

MACHABEY, ARMAND. Poids et mesures du Languedoc et des provinces voisines. 144

pp., 8 h.-t. Toulouse: Musee Paul-Dupuy, I953.

Reviewed by Maurice Daumas in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 98-99.

MILES, GEORGE C. Coins of the Spanish Mulfik al-Tawa' if. (Hispanic Numismatic Series, Monograph Number 3.) xi + I69 pp., I5 pl. New York: The American Numismatic Society, 1I954, $4.50.

REPORT to the Secretary of Commerce by the Advisory Committee on application of machines to Patent Office operations. December 22, 1954. 76 pp. Washington: Department of Commerce, n.d. $I.oo. A report of a committee headed by Vannevar

Bush.

SARTON, GEORGE. Who was the inventor of pearl culture? Isis, 1955, 46: 50-51.

SCHELL, C. W. L. The problems involved in exhibiting the development of telegraphs and telephones. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 6I8-623. Also in: Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1I954, 33: 324-329.

SINGER, CHARLES. Some early goldwork. Endeavour, 1954, Z3 86-93. Early Egyptian and Mesopotamian use of gold.

C. Z.

TECHNISCHE RUNDSCHAU, Allgemeine In- dustrie- und Handelszeitung. 1953, 45: Nr. 5x, Dezember, 14 pp. The entire number is devoted to the history of

aviation.

USHER, ABBBOTT PAYSON. A history of mechanical inventions. Rev. ed. x + 450 pp., I59 fig. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1954. Reviewcd by Lynn White, Jr., in Isis, I955, 46:

290-293.

WEISS, HARRY B. The history of applejack or apple brandy in New Jersey from colonial times to the present. 265 pp., many ill. Tren- ton: New Jersey Agricultural Society, 1954. "This history should have been written one

hundred and twenty years ago when there were three hundred and eighty-eight cider distilleries in New Jersey, instead of at the present time when there are only two."



27. TECHNOLOGY -2 9. ANCILLARY DISCIPLINES 285 WESTCOTT, G. F. (compiler) Mechanical and

electrical engineering, including energy conversion, transmission and storage; atomic energy; pumping, blowing and compressing machinery; explosives and ordinance. (Classified lists of historical events.) 40 pp. London: H. M. S. O., I955. 2S.

HS 28. PSEUDO-SCIENCES AND PARADOXES

(includes natural magic, witchcraft, divination, and astrology)

DELATTE, ARMAND. Une clochette magique antique. Bull. Cl. Lettres Sci. mor. pol., (Brussels), I954, 40: 254-276, 5 pL.

GRAUBARD, MARK. Astrology and alchemy: two fossil sciences. xi + 382 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, I953. "This volume is an attempt to treat astrology

and alchemy in this scientific manner. It does not treat them with contempt, with the superiority of smug or chauvinistic a posteriori, that is, with happy hindsight, or with generalities. It seeks to understand the times, the men involved, the culture or sub-culture in which they lived, their emotional matrix; in other words, it views science as an aspect of human behavior, as a quest for verifiable and communicable knowledge pursued by man as he was at the time. . . . This book is essentially an over-extended essay which aims at presenting to the beginning student in the history of science a bird's eye view of two dead sciences, seldom con- sidered in detail in one's normal course of studies. It merely collates authoritative researches on many phases of these sciences, and cites easily accessible works for the sake of presenting a unifying interpretation that should be generally helpful to the student of man, history, or of science."

Reviewed by Rufus Suter in Scr. math., 1954, 20: 190-192; by Frank K. Edmondson in Sci. Mon., 1954, 78: 396.

LIPPMANN, E. 0. von. Entstehung und Aus- breitung der Alchemie. Band III. I66 pp., Kart. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie G.M.B.H., 31954. DM I4.00.

Reviewed by J. R. Partington in Arch. int. Hist. SCi., 1954, 33: 366-367.

SARTON, GEORGE. Ancient alchemy and ab- stract art. J. Hist. Med., I954, 9: I57-I73.

STAPLETON, H. E. The antiquity of alchemy. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., I953, 6: 56-6o.

TEMKIN, OWSEI. Medicine and Graeco-Arabic alchemy. Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: I34-I53.

THORNDIKE, LYNN. The true place of astrology in the history of science. Isis, I955,

46: 273-278.

HS 29. DISCIPLINES ANCILLARY TO THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE

(includes histories of archeology, linguistics, etc.)

BROWN, ROLAND WILBUR. Composition of scientific words. A manual of methods and a lexicon of materials for the practice of logotechnics. 885 pp. Baltimore: published by the author, U. S. National Museum, Wash- ington 25, D. C. I954. $8.oo. The major part of this book is a lexicon "ar-

ranged on the cross-reference plan, the English key- words receiving their appropriate Greek and Latin synonyms with appropriate examples." There is an introductory section on the history and nature of the English language, the nature of Greek and Latin, and the formation of scientific terms.

I. B. C. CHILDE, V. GORDON. Dates of Stonehenge.

Sci. Mon., I955, 8o: 281-285.

FLINT, R. F.; MEYER RUBIN. Radiocarbon dates of pre-Mankatu events in eastern and central North America. Science, I955, Z2Z:

649-657.

JONES, RICHARD FOSTER. The triumph of the English language. A survey of opin- ions concerning the vernacular from the introduction of printing to the Restoration. 340 pp. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1I953. $5.00. Reviewed by Franklin L. Baumer in Isis, I954,

45: 304-305.

LIBBY, W. F. Radiocarbon dating. Endeavour, 1954, I3 5-I6.

PLACE, ROBIN. Down to earth. A practical guide to archaeology. xvi + I73 pp., front., 88 ill. New York: Philosophical Library, 1955. $7.50. Written for the amateur, from a "do it your-

self" point of view.

RALPH, E. K. University of Pennsylvania radiocarbon dates. Science, I955, I2IZ: 49-

ISO.

REIFER, MARY. Dictionary of new words. With an introduction by Eric Partridge. 234 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, I955. $6.oo. 'Every type of fresh verbal coinage may be

found here, from the technical jargon of scientists and scholars to the racy lingo spawned by slang and popular writing. Rich and colorful, or awk- ward and ugly, these words, though new to the language, are all on their way to common usage."

RUBIN, M.; H. E. SUESS. U. S. Geological Survey radiocarbon dates II. Science, I955, z2z: 48I-488.

WHITMORE, CHARLES E. The language of science. Sci. Mon., I955, 8o: I85-I9I.



286 30. PREHISTORY- 3I. ANCIENT NEAR EAST

D. CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

HS 30. PREHISTORY AND PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES

(includes early cultures of North and South America and all early civilizations for which

there are no specific categories)

BROTMACHER, LEON. Medical practice among the Somalis. BuU. Hist. Med., I955, 29: 197-229, I fig., I p1.

CRANSTONE, B. A. L. An Easter Island bird figure. Brit. Museum Quart., 1955, 20: 22-23, 2 pI.

DE LASZLO, HENRY; PAUL S. HENSHAW. Plant materials used by primitive peoples to affect fertility. Science, 1954, IIg: 626-630. A tabular list of plants, their supposed effects

on fertility, and the country or group of people who use them. There is also a bibliography of 67 items. C. Z. EISELEY, LOREN C. Man the fire-maker. In

cooking, extending grasslands, baking pottery, and making tools, early man found in fire a means to change and control his environment. Sci. Amer., 1954, z9I: 52-57, 6 fig.

FOOD GATHERING to food production. In- troduction, by Tom Jones: From cave to village in Iraq, by Robert J. Braidwood; Food sources in the New World, by Hugh C. Cutler. Agricult. Hist., 1954, 28: 39-49.

HOEBEL, E. ADAMSON. The law of primitive man. A study in comparative legal dynamics. 357 pp. Cambridge: Harvard Uni- versity Press, 1954. $5.50.

Reviewed by Ashley Montagu in Isis, 1955, 46: 373. JUDD, NEIL M. The material culture of

Pueblo Bonito. With appendix, Canid remains from Pueblo Bonito and Pueblo del Arroyo, by Glover M. Allen. (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Volume 124 [whole volume], Publication 4172.) xii + 398 pp., ioi pL. Washington: The Smithsonian Insti- tution, 1I954.

LUNDMARK, KNUT. Three astronomical phenomena seen in extremely ancient times. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 429-442.

OLIVER, DOUGLAS L. A Solomon Island society. Kinship and leadership among the Siuai of Bougainville. 535 pp., 54 ill. Cam- bridge: Harvard University Press, 1955. $10.00.

"This book is a report based on field work carried out by the writer in southern Bougainville. It was written with two general objectives in mind. First, it attempts to describe all important phases

of the culture of the natives studied; and secondly, it makes an effort to highlight the culture of the native institution of leadership. My effort to summarize the whole culture of the Siuai in one book is based on a theoretical text and on a pedagogical need. In connection with the former, it seems to me that the Functionalists' dogma concerning trait and pattern interdependence does not require further belaboring; what has to be done now is to devise a methodology for analyzing and portraying all of the dominant patterns of a culture in a single morphological frame. . . . My second ob- jective in writing this book was to devote special attention to the political institutions of a "stateless" nonliterate people, a department of anthropological inquiry which lags far behind the study of kinship, religion, and language."

PEARCE, ROY H. The savages of America. A study of the Indian and the idea of civilization. xv + 252 pp. Baltimore: Johns Hop- kins Press, 1953. $4.oo. Reviewed by Clyde Kluckhohn in Isis, 1954, 45:

107-109.

PHELPS, JOHN. The prehistoric solar calendar. xii + 92 pp., front., I5 app., i facs. folded in. Baltimore: printed by J. H. Furst Co., I955. $3.00, paper; $3.75, cloth.

RADIN, PAUL. The world of primitive man. 370 pp. New York: Henry Schuman, I953.

$5.00. Reviewed by Clyde Kluckhohn in Isis, 1954, 45:

107-109.

RONEY, JAMES G., Jr. The occurrence of trephining among the Bakhtiari. BuU. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 489-49I.

SAWYER, WM. H., Jr. Medicinal uses of plants by native Inaguans. Sci. Mon., 1955, 8o: 371-376. Inagua is the southernmost of the Bahama Islands.

It has a population of about one thousand, ninety of whom are white. The author lists some forty plants in a table under their common names, botanical names, their preparation and dose for medicinal purposes and the comments on the plants which are recorded in the Dispensatory of the United States and Webster's New International Dictionary.

C. Z.

HS 31. ANCIENT NEAR EAST

BLONDHEIM, S. H. The first recorded epi- demic of pneumonic plague: the Bible, I Sam. VI. BuU. Hist. Med., 1955, 29: 337-345.

BOESSNECK, J. Die Haustiere in Altigypten. (Les animaux domestiques dans l'ancienne Egypte.) Veroff. Zool. Staats. Miinchen, I953,

3: 50 pp., 22 pI. Reviewed by J. Theodorides in Rev. Hist. Sci.,

1955, 8: 89-go.



3 1I. ANCIENT NEAR EAST 287

CALEY, EARLE R. Chemical composition of Parthian coins. (Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 129.) 104 pp., 3 pl. New York: The American Numismatic Society, 1955. $2.50.

GILLINGS, R. J. Babylonian mathematics. Aust. Math. Teacher, Address to the Mathe- matical Association, N.S.W. Branch, i8 June 1I954. 7 pp.

GILLINGS, R. J. Unexplained error in Bab- ylonian cuneiform tablet, Plimpton 322.

Austr. J. Sci., I953, z6: 54-56.

GORDON, BENJAMIN LEE. Biblical and Talmudic medicine. Penn. med. J., I952, 55: 6 pp.

GRAPOW, HERMANN. Grundriss der Medizin der Alten Agypter. Band I: Anatomie und Physiologie. viii + 102 pp. + separate pp. with hieroglyphics. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, I954. DM ii. Reviewed by Frans Jonckheere in Arch. int. Hist.

Sci., 1955, 34: 82-83.

HAYES, WILLIAM C. The scepter of Egypt. A background for the study of Egyptian antiquities in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Part I: From the earliest times to the end of the Middle Kingdom. xviii + 399 pp., front., 229 ill., I map. New York: Harper & Broth- ers, in cooperation with the Metropolitan Museum of Art, I953. $I2.50.

This volume "presents the story of life in ancient Egypt as it is reflected in the large and comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities in the Metropolitan Museum of Art." HVBER, PETER. Zu einem mathematischen

Keilschrifttext (VAT 85I2). Isis, I955, 46: I04-I06, 2 fig.

JENKINS, G. K. An Egyptian gold coin. Brit. Museum Quart., I955, 20: IO-II, I pI.

JONCKHEERE, FRANS. L'eunuque dans l'Egypte pharaonique. Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954,

7: 139-I55.

JONCKHEERE, FRANS. Preoccupations medico-sociales sous les Pharaons. (Universit6 de Paris, conf6rence faite au Palais de la Decouverte, 5 decembre I953.) 29 pp. Paris: Librairie du Palais de la D6couverte, I954. Reviewed by Ernest Wickersheimer in Arch. int.

Hit. Sci., 1954, 33: 374-376.

KRAMER, SAMUEL NOAH. Emmerkar and the Lord of Aratta. A Sumerian epic tale of Iraq and Iran. (Museum Monographs.) 55 pp., 28 pL. Philadelphia: The University Mu- seum, 1952. $I.00.

KRAMER, SAMUEL NOAH. The oldest laws on a clay tablet in Istanbul. A University of Pennsylvania archeologist has found the en-

lightened code of Ur-Nammu, who reigned over Sumer and Ur more than 4,000 years ago. Sci. Amer., 1953, January, pp. 26-28,

4 fig.

KRAMER, SAMUEL N. Ur-Nammu law code. With appendix by Adam Falkenstein. Orientalia, 1954, no. 23, pp. 40-51.

LEAKE, CHAUNCEY D. The old Egyptian medical papyri. [xl + Io8 pp. (Logan Clendening Lectures on the history and philosophy of medicine, 2nd. series.) Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1952. Reviewed by Henry E. Sigerist in Centaurus,

1954, 3: 269-270.

LEVEY, MARTIN. Some chemical apparatus of ancient Mesopotamia. J. chem. Educ., 1955, 32: 180o-83, 9 fig.

LEVEY, MARTIN. Chemical furnaces of ancient Mesopotamia and Palestine. J. chem. Educ., I955, 32: 356-359, 6 fig. Front.: Port- able oven from third millennium B.C.

LEVEY, MARTIN. Andent chemical technology in a Sumerian pharmacological tablet. J. chem. Educ., I955, 32: II-I3, I fig.

LEVEY, MARTIN. Dyes and dyeing in ancient Mesopotamia. J. chem. Educ., I955, 32: 625- 629, 2 fig.

LEVEY, MARTIN. Evidences of ancient dis- tillation, sublimation and extraction in Meso- potamia. Centaurus, I955, 4: 23-33, I 2 fig.

LEVEY, MARTIN. Perfumery in ancient Bab- ylonia. J. chem. Educ., I954, 3I: 373-375.

LEVEY, MARTIN. The early history of de- tergent substances. A chapter in Babylonian chemistry. J. chem. Educ., I954, 3I: 52I-524. A contribution to the history of soap.

MENDELSOHN, ISAAC (editor). Religions of the ancient Near East. Sumero-Akkadian religious texts and Ugaritic epics. xxix + 284 pp. New York: Liberal Arts Press, I955.

$3.oo cloth; $I.75 paper. Contains the following translations: Sumerian

myths and ancient tales (by S. N. Kramer); Akkad- ian myths and epics (by E. A. Speiser); Akkadian rituals (by A. Sachs); Sumero-Akkadian hymns and prayers (by Ferris J. Stephens); Akkadian dialectic and wisdom literature (by Robert H. Pfeiffer); Akkadian incantation texts (by I. Men- delsohn); and Ugaritic myths and epics (by H. L. Ginsberg).

MERCER, SAMUEL A. B. The Pyramid texts in translation and commentary. 4 vols. New York: Longmans Green & Co., I952. $30.50. Reviewed by J. Near east. Stud., I954, I3: 119-

120.



2z88 3 1. ANCIENT NEAR EAST -3 2. CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY

NEUGEBAUER, 0. Astronomical cuneiform texts. Babylonian ephemerides of the Seleucid period for the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets. (Published for the Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey.) 2 VOIS. Volume I, Introduction to the moon. XVi + 278 pp., 54 fig. Volume II, The planets. Indices. xii + 5ii pp. Volume III, Plates. 255 pp. London: Lund Humphries, 1955. I0

guineas. Reviewed by I. Bernard Cohen in Science, I956,

13 January: 66-67.

NEUGEBAUER, 0. The Egyptian "decans." Vistas in astronomy, I955, z: 47-5I, 2 fig.

NEUGEBAUER, O.; A. SACHS. The "Dode- katemoria" in Babylonian astrology. Arch. Orientforsch. (n.d.), z6: 65-66.

PARKER, RICHARD A. Some considerations on the nature of the fifth-century Jewish calendar at Elephantine. J. Near E. Stud., I955, z4: 27I-274.

PFEIFFER, ROBERT H. Nature and man in Biblical thought. Jewish quart. Rev., I954,

45: 63-64. PRITCHARD, JAMES B. The ancient Near

East in pictures relating to the Old Testa- ment. xvi + 35' pp., 769 pI., 4 maps. Prince- ton University Press, I954. $20.00.

This valuable book contains photographs of monuments, portions of buildings, artifacts, statu- ary, and examples of writing, to illustrate the life of the peoples of the ancient Near East. The volume "is intended to enlarge upon and to illustrate the picture one gets of the past from texts, by providing in photograph and drawing the remains of monuments fashioned purposely for record, as well as of those common, but often more revealing, objects of daily life which have come from scores of archaeological expeditions." The main sections are: Peoples and their dress; Daily life; Writing; Scenes from history and monuments; Royalty and dignitaries; Gods and their emblems; The practice of religion; Myth, legend, and ritual on cylinder seals; and Views and plans of excavations. The pictures are supplemented by maps and a descriptive catalogue. I. B. C.

QUIRING, HEINRICH. Die Edelsteine im Amtsschild des jiudischen Hohenpriesters und die Herkunft ihrer Namen. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 193-213.

ROPS, DANIEL. La th6rapeutique dans l'An- den Testament. 46 pp., 6 ill. Paris: Th&a- phx, 1952. Reviewed by S. Colnort in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954,

7: 97- SALONEN, ARMAS. Die Landfahrzeuge des

alten Mesopotamien, nach sumerisch-akka- dischen Quellen (mit besonderer Berucksicht- igung der S. Tafel der Serie H A R-ra = hubulu). Eine lexikalische und kulturge-

schichtliche Untersuchung. Mit 50 Tafeln und 9 Zeichnungen. 197 pp. Ann. Acad. Scient. Fennicae, i95i, Tom. 72. Helsinki, '95'1. A valuable addition to the field of work begun

by Commandant Lefebvre des Noettes. SARTON, GEORGE. Chaldean astronomy of

the last three centuries B.C. J. Amer. orient. Soc., I955, 75: I66-I73.

Apropos of 0. Neugebauer, Astronomical cuneiform texts. Babylonian ephemerides of the Seleucid period for the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets. 3 vols. Vols. I & 2, XVi + 511 pp.; vol. 3, 255 pl. Published for the Institute of Ad- vanced Study, Princeton, N. J. London: Lund Humphries, 1955.

SIMON, I. La gyn6cologie, l'obstetrique, 1'embryologie, et la pu6riculture dans la Bible et le Talmud. Rev. Hist. Mid. hibr., I949, no. 4, Sept.-Dec., 3-3I.

SIMON, I. La m6decine legale dans la Bible et le Talmud. Rev. Hist. Mid. htbr., I949, no. 2, Sept.-D6c.; I949, no. 3, Mai, i-44.

WINLOCK, H. E. Models of daily life in ancient Egypt. From the tomb of Meket-Re' at Thebes. (The Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Expedition Volume i8.) xv + io6 pp., col. front., 86 pL. Cambridge: published for the Metropolitan Museum of Art by the Harvard University Press, I955. $7.50.

"This book presents Egyptian miniature sculpture found at Thebes in the tomb of Meket-RE', the Pharaoh's chancellor. From cattle in their pens and bakers in their kitchens to sailors on their boats on the Nile, the models illustrated and described in these pages vividly reveal how the chancellor and the people of his household lived."

YOELI, M. A "facies leontina" of leprosy on an ancient Canaanite jar. J. Hist. Med., I955, xo: 331-333, 4 pl-

ZABA, ZBYNEK. L'orientation astronomique dans l'ancienne Egypte et le precession de l'axe du monde. (Suppl6ment i I'Archiv Orientalni, publie par l'Acad6mie des Sciences tch6coslovaque.) 74 pp., 4 pl. Prague: Mai- son editrice de I'Academie des Sciences tcheco- slovaque, 1953. KRs 40. Reviewed by Q. Vetter in Arch. int. Hist. Sci.,

I954, 33: 357-358.

HS 32. SCIENCE AND LEARNING IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY (chiefly

Graeco-Roman) TO c. AD. 500

a. General histories and histories of acience of the period

(includes biographies and the items under B when restricted to the given period)

DOW, STERLING. The bibliography of classical studies. A review article on J. A.



3 2. CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY 289

Nairn's Classical hand-list. Class. Weekly, 1954, 48: i-8.

DOW, STERLING. Minoan writing. Amer. J. Archaeology, 1954, 58: 77-157, 8 fig. Pages I123-125 deal with Minoan numerals.

FESTCHRIFTEN, Index of classical. Isis, i9SS,

46: 55.

FRITZ, KURT von. Der gemeinsame Ur- sprung der Geschichtsschreibung und der exakten Wissenschaften bei den Griechen. Phi- los. nat., 1952, 2: 200-223; 1953, 2 376-379.

FRITZ, KURT von. The reorganisation of the Roman Government in 366 B.C. and the so- called Licinio-Sextian laws. Historia, Z. alte Gesch., 1950, no. I, 1-44.

HELLER, SIEGFRIED. Kritische Bemerkun- gen zu dem 4. Kapitel des Buches von Josef Zurcher "Aristoteles' Werk und Geist." Cen- taurus, I955, 4: 34-50.

MADDALENA, ANTONIO (editor). I pita- gorici. (Filosofi antichi e medievali.) viii + 366 pp. Bari: Gius. Laterza & Figli, I954.

L 2,400. An Italian translation of the fragments of the

Pythagoreans, with an introduction on the Pythag- oreans (containing a large section on Parmenides and Heraclitus), and an appendix on Pythagorean- ism, Orphism, and Platonism. I. B. C. MODONA, ALDO NEPPI. Etruscan metal-

lurgy. Ancient Etruria, which extended roughly from Rome to Florence, was the birthplace of metallurgical industry. Today metallurgists seek the formula for its remarkable bronze and mine its slag heaps. Sci. Amer., I955, Io3: no. 5, 90-98, 6 fig.

RIIS, P. J. An introduction to Etruscan art. I44 pp., 82 pl. New York: Philosophical Library, I954. $I0.00.

SARTON, GEORGE. Ancient science and modern civilization. Three essays: Euclid and his time; Ptolemy and his time; The decline of Greek science and culture. (Mont- gomery Lectureship on contemporary civilization.) III pp. Lincoln, Neb.: The Univer- sity of Nebraska Press, I954. $2.50.

Reviewed by Aubrey Diller in Isis, 1955, 46: 65-66; by Joseph Mogenet in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I955, 34: 74-75; by C. M. in Riv. Stor. Sci. med. nat., I955, 46: 78; by H. Fischer in Gesnerus, 1955, 12: 70-71.

SCHRODINGER, ERWIN. Nature and the Greeks. (Shearman Lectures, delivered at University College, London, on 24, 26, 28 and 3I May I948.) ix + 97 pp. Cambridge: at the University Press, I954. $2.00. Reviewed by Owsei Temkin in Isis, I954, 45:

389-390; by William H. Stahl in Scr. math., 1955, 2Z: I84-I85.

SCHUHL, PIERRE-MAXIME. L'oeuvre de Platon. (Collection "A la Recherche de la Verit&.") 23' centenaire de la mort de Platon. 228 pp. Paris: Librairie Hachette, 1954. 490

fr. To mark the twenty-third centenary of the death

of Plato, the author -known for his previous writings on Plato and on Bacon -has written a work said to give "pourtant une vue complete du monde de Platon et de l'evolution de sa pensee; il ne tombe jamais dans la vulgarisation. Les textes essentiels sont traduits et l'on trouve en note toutes les references qui permettent la confrontation des interpretations diff6rentes sur les points controverses. Par la rigeur de ses analyses, par ses index, par l'abondance d'une bibliographie methodique et choisie, qui s'etend jusqu'aux plus recentes publications, ce livre offre aux etudiants un guide precieux et un instrument de travail parfaitement I jour. . . ." WHEELER, Sir MORTIMER. Rome beyond

the imperial frontiers. Xii + I92 pp., front., I9 fig. in text, 38 pl. map. New York: Phil- osophical Library, I955. $7.50.

Sir Mortimer deals here entirely with "Roman adventuring beyond the utmost boundaries of the Roman Empire," implying by geographical frontier "the widest Imperial limits of the 2nd century A.D. . . . assumed as our base-line." The bulk of the material deals with two zones, the European and the Asiatic, with some material from North Africa "where there is accumulating evidence that the traders who brought ivory northwards across the Sahara to the coastal cities of Libya carried back Roman goods far into the interior." The evidence is "of two main kinds. First there are extensive and largely familiar references to this trans-frontier venturing in the classical and Asiatic records. Sec- ondly, there are numerous discoveries of Roman or Graeco-Roman commodities, or of native goods re- flecting classical influences, in lands without the Empire." WOODCOCK, P. G. Concise dictionary of

ancient history. 465 pp. New York: Phil- osophical Library, I955. $6.oo. "The period covered is, roughly, from the be-

ginning of recorded history in the Mediterranean world, to the fall of the Roman Empire, with the greater number of references applying to the Greek and Roman civilizations at the peak of their flower- ing. This means, of course, the exclusion of most Christian writers, except the very earliest church figures." ZOURCHER, JOSEF. Aristotel's Werk und

Geist. 435 pp. 3 pL. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schoiningh, I952. Reviewed by J. E. Hofmann in Centaurus, 1954,

3: 247-248.

b. Philosophy and natural philosophy (includes theological writings relating to

scientific problems)

ALFIERI, V. E. Atomos idea. L'origine del concetto dell'atomo nel pensiero greco. viii



290 3 2. CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY

+ 2I6 pp. Firenze: Felice Le Monnier, I953. Lire I200.

Reviewed by V. Somenzi in Scientia, I955, 49: 207.

BOCHEI1SKI, I. M. Ancient formal logic. Vi + I22 pp. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co., I951. f.12.

Reviewed by Domhnall A. Steele in Scr. math., 1953, 19: 243-245; by Joseph T. Clark, S.J., in Isis, 1954, 45: 294-301.

CLAGHORN, GEORGE S. Aristotle's criticism of Plato's 'Timaeus.' xi + I49 pp. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1954. "The purpose of this study is to determine Aris-

totle's attitude toward the content and method of Plato's natural science."

DEICHGRABER, KARL. Natura varie ludens. Ein Nachtrag zum griechischen Naturbegriff. Abh. Geistes- und Sozialwiss. Ki., I954, nr. 3, 67-86.

DeWITT, NORMAN WENTWORTH. Epi- curus and his philosophy. viii + 388 pp. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, I954. $6.oo. Reviewed by Phillip De Lacy in Isis, 1954, 45:

306-308. GRANT, ROBERT M. Miracle and natural

law in Graeco-Roman and early Christian thought. 293 pp., 3 pl. Amsterdam: North- Holland Publishing Co., 1952. $4.50.

Reviewed by William D. Stahlman in Isis, 1954, 45: 390-39I.

GRtVNBAUM, ADOLF. Modern science and refutation of the paradoxes of Zeno. Sci. Mon., I955, 8I: 234-239.

KIRK, G. S. (editor). Heraclitus, The cosmic fragments. xvi + 424 pp. New York: Cam- bridge University Press, I954. $9.50. Reviewed by William D. Stahlman in Isis, 1954,

45: 308-309. [TERTULLIANI] Quinti Septimiis Florentis

Tertulliani opera. Pars i, Opera catholica adversus Marcionem. (Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina.) xxv + 75 pp. Paris: Tourn- hout "Editions Brepols," I953. BFr. 80.00. "It is four years since the scheme for a new,

complete and critical edition of the Fathers of the Church was initiated. The preliminary work is now sufficiently advanced to enable us to begin publication. With the simultaneous printing of this prospectus and the first fascicule the subscription list is opened. The Latin Fathers will be published first, beginning with the most ancient, Tertullian and Cyprian. We shall not go beyond the age of Bede, for he is himself a herald of Carolingian literature. This new collection includes not only patristic writings properly so called, but also con- ciliar, hagiographic and liturgical texts, sepulchral inscriptions, diplomas, etc., in short, whatever remains from the first eight centuries of Christendom in written monuments. Later in this prospectus

will be found a brief sketch of the Latin series. Without counting diplomas and inscriptions, it comprises 2,348 works or fragments. Of all this matter a detailed description is to be found in a work recently published entitled, Clavis patrum latinorum."

WESTMAN, ROLF. Plutarch gegen Kolotes. Seine Schrift "Adversus Colotem" als philo- sophiegeschichtliche QueUe. (Acta Philosophica Fennica, Fasc. 7, 1955.) 332 pp. Helsinki: Societas Philosophica Fennica, I955. Contains chapters on: Plutarchs "Adversus Colo-

tem"; Kolotes und seine von Plutarch bekampfte Schrift; Plutarchs Kritik der kolotischen Schrift; "Adversus Colotem" als Quellenwerk fur den Epi- kureismus; "Adversus Colotem" als Quelle fur nichtepikureische Philosophen; Zusammenfassung "Adversus Colotem" als Quelle fur die Geschichte der griechischen Philosophie.

C. The exact sciences

(pure mathematics; optics, astronomy and astrology; music; theoretical mechanics, etc.)

APOSTLE, HIPPOCRATES GEORGE. Aris- totle's philosophy of mathematics. x + 228

pp. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, I952. $6.oo. Reviewed by Domhnall A. Steele in Scr. math.,

I 954, 20: 70-72.

B6KER, ROBERT. Die Entstehung der Stern- sphaere Arats. Ber. s&chs. Akad. Wiss. Leip- Zig, I952, 99: i-68, ill.

BOYER, CARL B. Analytic geometry in the Alexandrian age. Scr. math., 1954, 20: 30-36, fig. 4; 143-I54, I fig.

BURCH, GEORGE B. The counter-earth. Osiris, I954, IZ: 267-294.

CHABANIER, EUGENE. L'expression verbale des valeurs numeriques et des fonctions des anciens Grecs aux occidentaux du debut de la Renaissance eclairee par un theoreme d'Aristote. 42 pp. mim. Paris: Mai, I954.

DRACHMANN, A. G. The plane astrolabe and the anaphoric clock. Centaurus, I954, 3: I83-I89.

DULIERE, W. L. Synesius de Cyrine, ana- lyste du reve et inventeur du densimetre. Flambeau, I952, nos. , 233-250; 282-405.

GOULD, S. H. The method of Archimedes. Amer. math. Mon., I955, 62: 473-476.

HARTNER, WILLY. The obliquity of the ecliptic according to the Hou-han-shu and Ptolemy. Reprinted from the Silver Jubilee Volume of the Zinbun-Kagaku-Kenkyusyo. Kyoto: Kyoto University, 1954. pp. I77-I83. Dr. Hartner discusses Chinese statements con-

cerning the obliquity of the ecliptic A.D. 89 by Chia K'uei; calling attention to a passage of the



3 2. CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY 291

Hou-Han Shu about the work of A.D. I73 by Liu Hung and Ts'ai Yung, which gives a value e = 23a 50' 13', with probable error estimated by Dr. Hartner as 4 2'. "The reliability of Ptolemy's value of the ecliptic has often been doubted by modern astronomers because it is Ca. io' higher than would have been expected on the basis of the formulae for the secular variation of the obliquity (Laplace, Leverrier, Newcomb, de Sitter). Now we see that the Ptolemaic value is strikingly corroborated by the contemporary Chi- nese. Moreover, I intend to show in another paper that the shadow lengths reported on the same pages of the Hou-Han Shu (ch. 13, 21b, 23b): i foot 5 inches at summer solstice, 13 feet o inches at winter solstice, if properly interpreted, again yield a value which comes very close to the two indicated above, viz., e = 230 5I' 40" 4 2'.

"After all, it seems hard to reject this doubly confirmed value of e+, = Ca. 230 50' only because it disagrees with the one furnished by modern celestial mechanics. We have good reasons to trust our formulae as far as they prove to agree, within small limits of error, with earlier reliable observations, which is true for the last one thousand years or more. I am not so sure, however, that the neglected terms of a higher order, in the course of twice as many years, cannot accumulate in such a way that an error of 5' to io' is conceivable."

HEATH, Sir THOMAS. Mathematics in Aris- totle. Xiv + 291 pp., 79 fig. Oxford: Claren- don Press, 1949. 21S.

Reviewed by J. E. Hofmann in Centaurus, 1954,

3: 246-247.

HELLER, SIEGFRIED. Ein Fehler in einer Archimedes-Ausgabe, seine Entstehung und seine Folgen. 5 plates. Abh. bayer. Akad. Wiss., '954, Heft 63, 3-39.

MICHEL, PAUL-HENRI. De Pythagore i

Euclide. Contribution i I'histoire des math6- matiques preeuclidiennes. 699 pp. Paris: Societe d'Edition "Les Belles Lettres," I950. Reviewed by E. J. Dijksterhuis in Centaurus,

1954, 3: 248-253.

NEUGEBAUER, 0. On the "Hippopede" of Eudoxus. Scr. math., 1I953, Ig: 225-229, 4 fig.

NEUGEBAUER, 0. The chronology of Vettius Valens' Anthologiae. Harvard theol. Rev., 1954, 47: 65-67. "I think it is clear from the preceding prelim-

inary survey that one can safely conclude that Vettius Valens wrote the bulk of his work in the decade from A.D. 152 to i62, using earlier material in the earlier books and perhaps making a few additions in later years."

PANNEKOEK, A. Ptolesmy's precession. Vistas in astronomy, I955, I: 6o-66, 2 tables.

STERN, HENRI. Le calendrier de 354, etude sur son texte et sur ses illustrations. (Institut Franqais de Beyrouth, Bibliotheque Arch&e

ologique et Historique, 55.) 432 pp., 64 pl. Paris: Geuthner, I953.

Reviewed by Raymond LebAgue in Bibl. Hum. Ren., 1953, 15: 391. "En effet, il concerne une oeuvre dont Peiresc a cent fois parle dans ses lettres et dont on lui avait prete ou donne un manuscrit carolingien."

VAN der WAERDEN, B. L. Science awaken- ing. Translated by Arnold Dresden. 306 pp., ill., pl. Groningen: Noordhoff, 1954. $5.00. Reviewed by I. Bernard Cohen in Sci. Mon.,

1955, 8o: 377.

VER EECKE, PAUL. Introduction A Euto- cius. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I954, 33: 13I-I32.

WATSON, E. C. Conservation of momentum in Ancient Greece. Amer. J. Phys., 1954, 22:

477-478, 3 fig.

WATSON, E. C. Heron's "ball on a jet" experiment. Amer. J. Phys., 1954, 22: 175-

I76, i fig.

WOLFER, E. P. Eratosthenes von Kyrene als Mathematiker und Philosoph. 67 pp. Gronin- gen: P. Noordhoff N.V., 1954. $1.00. Contains the following sections: Der Platonikos

und die Wiirfelverdoppelung; Eratosthenes und die Theorie der Mittel; Die mathematischen Arbeiten des Eratosthenes; Die Eratosthenes-Zitate mit ma- thematischem Inhalt; Spuren eratosthenischer Ge- danken bei spateren Autoren; Die Schriften des Eratosthenes und die tfberlieferung; Eratosthenes als Philosoph.

d. Natural history (zoology, botany, mineralogy, meteorology,

geology, climatology, etc.)

BODENHEIMER, F. S. Aristotle the father of animal ecology. Homenaje a Millds-Valli- crosa, vol. i, pp. I65-I82. Barcelona: Con- sejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 1I954.

BRUMBAUGH, ROBERT S. Plato's genetic theory. J. Heredity, 1954, 45: I9I-I96. The concept of the golden mean being derived

by the mating of extremes. C. Z.

DUBLER, CtSAR E. La "Materia medica" de Diosc6rides. Transmisi6n medieval y renacentista. Vol. i: La transmisi6n medieval y renacentista y la supervivencia en la medicina popular moderna de la "Materia medica" de Diosc6rides, estudiada particularmente en Espafia y en Africa del Norte. lxxiii + 333 pp. Barcelona: Emporium, 1953. Vol 5: Glosario medico castellano del siglo XVI. Pr6logo de Gregorio Marafi6n. xviii + 940

pp. Barcelona: Emporium, 1954. Each vol.: $17.50; by subscription, $I5.oo. Reviewed by Heinrich Schipperges in Sudhofis

Arch., 1955, 39: 285-286.



292 32. CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY

PEASE, ARTHUR STANLEY. A sketch of the development of ancient botany. Phoenix, 1952, 6: 44-5I.

KANELLIS, A.; CH. HATZISSARANTOS. Bibliographia faunae graecae (I800-I950). Extrait de la Rev. du Club alpin helldnique (To Vouno), 1949-1950, 78 pp. Reviewed by J. T. in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1955, 8:

go. 'Parmi les 1,336 r6f6rences de ce repertoire bibliographique, une vingtaine concernent la zoologie grecque ancienne (Homere, Aristote, etc.), ou la faune de la Grece ancienne."

e. Pseudo-science and experiment (natural magic, compendia of experiments,

alchemy)

CATALOGUS CODICUM astrologorum grae- corum. Tomus nonus. Codices Brittanicos, descripsit Stephanus Weinstock. Pars i, viii + 212 pp.; pars 2, Viii + 208 pp. Bruxellis in aedibus R. Academiae Belgicae, 1951-1953. Reviewed by George Sarton in Isis, 1954, 45:

388-389. COUTANT, VICTOR. Theophrastus and the

firewalk. Isis, 1954, 45: 95-97.

CRAMER, FREDERICK H. Astrology in Roman law and politics. 291 pp. Philadel- phia: American Philosophical Society, 1954. $5.00. Reviewed by Jean Beaujeau in Rev. Hist. Sci.,

I955, 8: I86-x87.

FESTUGIERE, LE R. P. ANDRE JEAN. La rev6lation d'Hermes Trismegiste. III. Les doctrines de l'ame, suivi de Jamblique, Trait6 de l'ame, traduction et commentaire, et de Porphyre, De l'animation de l'embryon. (Etudes Bibliques.) xiv + 314 PP., front. Paris: Librairie Lecoffre, J. Gabalda et Cie., 6diteurs, 1953. Volume I of this work dealing with Greek

astrology and occultism was reviewed by Frederick Cramer (Isis, 1948, 38: 194-197), and volume 2 was reviewed in the 76th Critical Bibliography (Isis, 1950, 41: 375). The first treated what the author calls "philosophic Hermetism," the second dealt with hermetic philosophy, largo sensu. The third and present volume, after an introduction, "Le cadre des traites de l'ame et le cadre de la gnose hermitique," considers in four chapters, "L'origine de l'ame," "La chute de l'ame," "Sort de l'Ame incarnde," and "L'eschatologie," followed by the two appendices of Iamblicus and Porphyrius. The fourth volume, Le Dieu inconnu et la gnose, is in preparation. K. S.

f. Technology, travel, exploration, and geography

SCULLY, BERNARD M. Antiquity's views of the sphericity and circumference of the earth. Modern Humanist, 1953, MO: 45-50.

g. Medicine and health ARTELT, WALTER. "Ossa mandibulae in-

ferioris duo." Sudhoffs Arch., 1955, 39: 193- 215, 17 pI.

BELOW, KARL-HEINZ. Der Arzt in Ro6m- ischen Recht. Miunchener Beitr. Papyrusfor- schung u. antiken Rechtsgesch., 1953, 37ds

Heft, 136 pp. Reviewed by Rene Dekkers in Arch. int. Hist.

Sci., 1954, 33: 376-377; by Erna Lesky in Sudhogs Arch., 1955, 39: 94-95-

BOURGEY, LOUIS. Observation et exp6rience chez les medicins de la collection hippocra- tique. 304 pp. Paris: Librairie Philosophique, J. Vrin, 1953. 1,200 fr. Reviewed by Frans Jonckheere in Arch. int. Hist.

Sci., 1955, 34: 83-84; by Louis Millet in Rev. His. Sci., I 954, 7: I 89-I90.

BRUINS, E. M. Fontes Matheseos. xii + i68 pp., 6 pl. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1953. Fl. 5. Reviewed by G. Bosteels in Arch. int. Hist. Sci.,

1954, 33: 354-355- CORBETT, P. E. An early Greek invalid cup.

Brit. Museum Quart., 1954, Ig: 65-67, 2 p1.

DEL GUERRA, GIORGIO (editor, translator). nI libro di Metrodora sulle malattie delle donne e il ricettario di cosmetica e terapia, testo greco e traduzione italiana. 163 pp., I

pl. Milano: Santoriana, Casa Editrice Ces- china, 1953. Lire 1200.

Reviewed by Ernest Wickersheimer in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 211-212; by B. Imbaschiati in Riv. Stor. Sci. med. nat., 1954, 45: 194-195.

DOBROVICI, ANTOINE. Les idees m&dicales de Platon. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 592-600.

DRABKIN, I. E. Remarks on ancent psycho- pathology. Isis, 1955, 46: 223-234.

ERHARD, HUBERT. Arzt und Priester in Pergamon. Gesnerus, 1954, xI: ii-i6.

FLEMING, DONALD. Galen on the motions of the blood in the heart and lungs. Isis, 1955, 46: 14-21.

FORRESTER, J. M. An experiment of Galen's repeated. Proc. roy. Soc. Med., 1954, 47: 241-244.

[GALEN] Werke des Galenos, Band V: Die Kriifte der Physis (Ueber die natiirlichen Krafte). Uebersetzt und erlautert von Erich Beintker und Wilhelm Kahlenberg. 133 pp. Stuttgart: Hippokrates-Verlag, 1954. Reviewed by H. Fischer in Gesnerus, 1955, 12:

71-72.

GREEN, ROBERT MONTRAVILLE. A translation of Galen's Hygiene (De sanitate tuenda). With an introduction by Henry E.



32. CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY - 33.1. MIDDLE AGES 293 Sigerist. XvXii + 277 pp. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, I95i. $5.75. Reviewed by W. Pagel in Bull. Hist. Med., 1954,

28: 577-578. GRMEK, M. D.; S. CMELIK. The chemical

composition of the ancient pill from Nin. (In Croat, with summary in English.) Vjesnik za arheol. i hist. dalmatinsku (Bull. Arch. Hist. dalm.), 1954, 54: 127-136. "In the Archeological Museum at Zadar there are

some ancient medicine-cases, among them a fragment of a box in which three pills have been preserved. This fragment was found in Nin (Aenona) in 1907. In analogy with other findings from the Necropolis of Nin it may be presumed that it dates from the first century A.D. One of the three pills has been submitted to the chemical analysis." KING, LESTER S. Plato's concepts of medi-

cine. J. Hist. Med., 1954, 9: 38-48.

LEIBBRAND, WERNER. Der gottliche Stab des Askulap. Vom geistigen Wesen des Arztes. 3. erweiterte Aufl. 480 pp. Salzburg: Otto Muller, 1953. DM 17.70. Reviewed by Leo Norpoth in Sudhofis Arch.,

1955, 39: 95-96.

LESKY, ERNA. Deutsche Galenubersetzungen. Zu Beinkter-Kahlenberg, Werke des Galenos, V. Centaurus, 1955, 4: 58-2.

SARTON, GEORGE. Galen of Pergamon. (Logan Clendening Lectures on the history and philosophy of science, third series.) viii + 112 pp., 2 fig. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1954. $2.50. Reviewed by Robert M. Green in Isis, 1955, 46:

296-297; by Erwin H. Ackerknecht in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1955, 34: 84-85; by Ernest Wickers- heimer in Rev. Hist. Sci., I955, 8: 92-93; by Erich Hintzsches in Centaurus, 1955, 4: 92-93; by Don- ald Fleming in Sci. Mon., 1955, 8o: 377-378; by H. Fischer in Gesnerus, 1955, 12: 70.

WEIDAUER, KLAUS. Thukydides und die Hippokratischen Schriften. Der Einfluss der Medizin auf Zielsetzung und Darstellungs- weise des Geschichtswerks. (Heidelberger Forschungen. Hrsg. von P. Bockmann, H. Bornkamm und H.-G. Gadamer.) 88 pp., Kart. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1954. DM 12.

Reviewed by Hans Herter in Sudhofis Arch., 1I954, 38: 1I90-1I92.

HS 33.1. MDDLE AGES

(Latin culture and Europe in general from c. A.D. 500 to c. 1450; general works on the

Middle Ages)

a. General histories and histories of science of the period

(including biographies; and the topics under main category B, Science and Its History

from Special Points of View, when restricted to the given period)

ARTZ, FREDERICK B. The mind of the middle ages, A.D. 200-1500: an historical survey. Xiv + 552 pp. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1953. $7.50, trade; $5.75 text. Reviewed by Oscar G. Darlington in Amer. hist.

Rev., I954, 6o: 72-73.

CALLUS, D. A. (editor) Robert Grosseteste, scholar and bishop: essays in commemoration of the seventh centenary of his death. With an introduction by Sir Maurice Powicke. XXV + 263 pp. New York: Oxford University Press, 1955. $6.75. Reviewed by Richard C. Dales in Amer. hist.

Rev., I955, 6i: Ioo-IoI.

CARRERAS ARTAU, JOAQUfN. Arnau de Vilanova y las culturas orientales. Hom. Mil- Ids Vallicrosa, 1954, I: 309-321.

CONSTABLE, GILES. The Second Crusade as seen by contemporaries. Traditio, 1953, 9: 213-279.

DARBY, H. C. The Domesday geography of Eastern England. xiv + 400 pp. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1953. $11.00. Reviewed by Pearl Kibre in Isis, 1954, 45: 115-

I17.

EASTON, STEWART C. Roger Bacon and his search for a universal science. vii + 255 pp. New York: Columbia University Press, 1952.

$4.00. Reviewed by Aydin Sayili in Scr. math., 1954,

20: 77-78. FOWLER, GEORGE BINGHAM. Manuscripts

of Engelbert of Admont (chiefly in Austrian and German libraries). Osiris, 1954, ix: 455- 485.

GREEN, V. H. H. The later Plantagenets. A survey of English history between 1307 and 1485. 438 pp. London: Edward Arnold Pub- lishers, Ltd., 1955.

"This new survey of English History from 1307 to 1485 gives a . . . clear account of the compli- cated period which was dominated by the Hundred Years War and the Wars of the Roses. Recent scholarship on the late Middle Ages has been widely scattered in various journals. . . . The value of the book has been greatly increased by the pro- vision of many maps and genealogical tables, which are essential to the student who wishes to understand the period."

HUNNINGHER, B. The origin of the theater. 139 pp., 48 ill. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff; Amsterdam: E. M. Querido, i955. 14.50 guilders cloth. A study of the original of drama in the Medieval

Christian Church. Discusses this contradiction: "On the one hand stands Christianity jubilant in its freedom from the material world and its participa-



294 33.I. MIDDLE AGES

tion in eternal invisible salvation; on the other an art concerned only with what the eye can see and the ear can hear in our painful but glorious mortality."

The problem of origin in the church is followed by chapters on the primitive phase, the archaic phase, the trope, the mime, and the rites.

KASTEN, LLOYD. "Poridat de las Poridades," a Spanish form of the Western text of the Secretum secretorum. Romance Philology, 1951-1952, 5: I80-I90.

KIBRE, PEARL. Academic oaths at the Uni- versity of Paris in the Middle Ages. In: Essays in medieval life and thought (New York: Columbia University Press, I955), pp. 123-138.

KIBRE, PEARL. The De occultis naturae at- tributed to Albertus Magnus. Osiris, I954, II: 23-39.

An appendix lists the authors and works cited in the De occultis naturac.

NEO-LATIN LEXICOGRAPHY, Outline of a project in, 1400-I600. Progress in Medieval and Renaissance Studies in the United States and Canada, Bull. no. 23, pp. 51-53. Boulder: University of Colorado, i9SS. $2.00.

NICHOLAS CUSANUS. Of learned ignorance. Translated by F. Germain Heron, with an introduction by D. J. B. Hawkins. (Rare Mas- terpieces of Philosophy and Science, edited by Dr. W. Stark.) xxviii + '74 pp. New Haven: Yale University Press, I954. $4.00.

Reviewed by William H. Hay in Isis, 1955, 46: 373-374. POSTAN, M. M. The famulus. The estate

labourer in the XIIth and XIIIth centuries. (The Economic History Review Supplements, 2.) 48 pp. London-New York: Cambridge University Press, n.d., 5S. to members, 7s. 6d. non-members.

ROSEN, EDWARD. Did Roger Bacon invent eyeglasses? Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 3-15.

SCHWARZENSKI, HANNS. Monuments of Romanesque art. The art of church treas- ures in North-Western Europe. 104 pp. + 238 plates, folio. Chicago: University of Chi- ago Press, 1954. $25.00.

It has long been lamented that artistic works have not been used as fully as they might be as sources of information for the history of science and the history of technology. For the latter they serve as sources in relation to the arts or crafts by which they were produced as well as the scenes they por- tray; for the former they provide not only scenes of scientific interest and scientific information (especially for astronomy and calendarial studies), but document the scientific background of their creators. The difficulty is that historians of science and of technology do not have the training to study these

sources and that the historians of art who do are generally uninterested in, or uninformed about, problems in the history of science and technology. There are, of course, exceptions, of whom the late Fritz Saxl was outstanding.

So we are especially grateful to art historians who at least make available source materials on a large scale, as in the present publication, of which the heart is the set of 238 magnificent plates, each reproduced in a size and degree of clarity that enables us to study them. A brief and learned introduction is followed by a carefully made list of the plates, with notes on each and a bibliography of publications describing or mentioning it. There are in all 566 superb illustrations, of which some include representations of animals and plants, cos- mological images (the harmony of the spheres [after Martianus Capella], the four elements), and even medical scenes (as a phlebotomy). From about II50 there is a representation of Pliny dedicating his Natural History to Vespasian. I. B. C. [THEOPHILUS PRESBYTER] Munchner

Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst, 1952-1953,

Bd. 3-4, pp. 1-27.

Contains the following articles: L. H. Heyden- reich, Quellengeschichtliche Untersuchungen zur "Schedula diversarum artium" des Theophilus; Bernard Bischoff, Die tYberlieferung des Theophi- lus-Rugerus nach den altesten Handschriften; Stephan Waetzoldt, Systematisches Verzeichnis der Farbnamen; Heinz Roosen-Runge, Die Buchmaler- eirezepte des Theophilus. THOMSON, S. HARRISON. A note on the

undergraduate courses in medieval history. Progress of Medieval and Renaissance Studies in the United States and Canada, Bull. no. 23, pp. 17-21. Boulder: University of Colorado, 1955. $2.00.

THOMSON, S. HARRISON. Two early portraits of Robert Grosseteste. Medievalia et Humanistica, Fasciculus Octavus, 1954. 104

pp. Boulder: University of Colorado, $2.00.

THORNDIKE, LYNN. A highly specialized medieval library. Scriptorium, I953, 7: 8I-88. "R. T. Gunther, in reproducing a 'List of books

and instruments disposed of by will by Simon Bredon, 1386,' remarked: 'The catalogue of the library of any man of science of the fourteenth century is a matter of such unique interest that we make no apology for reprinting Bredon's catalogue in full.' Even less is any excuse required for noting for the first time indications, found hitherto only in a manuscript, of the existence of a rather remarkable scientific library of the fourteenth century, albeit that the owner thereof remains anonymous, so that his collection cannot be associated with any well known name such as that of Simon Bredon." THORNDIKE, LYNN. Further consideration

of the Experimenta, Speculum astronomiae, and De secretis mulierum ascribed to Albertus Magnus. Speculum, I955, 30: 4I3-443.

TRINKHAUS, CHARLES. Petrarch's views on the individual and his society. Osiris, I954, iI: I68-I98.



33.. I MIDDLE AGES 295

VITTORINI, DOMENICO. Luci ed ombre nella "Vita nuova." Letterature Moderne, I953, 4 5I8-523.

WHITE, LYNN, Jr. Introduction to: Sympo- sium on the tenth century. Medievalia et Humanistica, Fasciculus Nonus, I955. io6 pp. Boulder: University of Colorado. $2.00.

Contains the following: Some tenth century towns, by Robert Sabatino Lopez; The adolescent nations, by Helen M. Cam; Tenth century medicine: classicism and pragmatism, by Loren C. Mac- Kinney; Astronomy: our views and theirs, by Harriet Lattin; Education and culture in the tenth century, by Luitpold Wallach; Cluny in the tenth century, by Kenneth J. Conant; The vitality of the tenth century, by Lynn White, Jr.

YATES, FRANCES A. The art of Ramon Lull (I232-C. I3I6). An approach to it through Lull's theory of the elements. J. Warburgl Courtauld Inst., I954, 17: II5-I73, many pl. and fig.

b. Philosophy, natural philosophy, theology

BOEHNER, PHILOTHEUS. Medieval logic: an outline of its development from I250 to C. I400. viii + I30 pp. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, I952. $3.00. Reviewed by Julius R. Weinberg in Scr. math.,

I954, 20: I84-I86.

DUERR, K. The propositional logic of Boethi- us. x + 79 pp. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co., I95I. f.8. Reviewed by Domhnall A. Steele in Scr. math.,

1953, I9: 243-245; by Joseph T. Clark, S.J., in Isis, I954, 45: 294-301.

HOF, HANS. Scintilla animae: eine Studie zu einem Grundbegriff in Meister Eckhart's Phi- losophie mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Verhaltnisses der Eckhartschen Philosophie zur neuplatonischen und thomistischen An- schauung. 260 pp. Lund, Sweden: C. W. K. Gleerup; Bonn, Germany: Peter Hanstein, I952. DM i6.5o. Reviewed by Kurt F. Reinhardt in Speculum,

I955, 30: 474-476.

KRISTELLER, PAUL OSKAR. Petrarch's "Averroists"; a note on the history of Aris- totelianism in Venice, Padua, and Bologna. Bibi. Hum. Ren., I952, I4: 59-65.

MAIER, ANNELIESE. Die Subjektierung der Zeit in der scholastischen Philosophie. Philos. nat., I950, I: 36I-398.

MINIO-PALUELLO, L. (editor) Analytica posteriora, translatio anonyma. (Aristoteles Latinus, iv, 2.) xiv + iii pp. Bruges-Paris: Descl6e de Brouwer, I953.

Analytica posteriora, Gerardo Crem- onensi interprete. (Aristoteles Latinus, iv, 3.)

xxxv + I39 pp. Bruges-Paris: Desclee de Brouwer, I954. Reviewed by F. Stuart Crawford in Speculum,

1955, 30: 667-669.

MOODY, ERNEST A. Truth and consequence in medieval logic. (Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics.) II3 pp. Am- sterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co., I953. Reviewed by Joseph T. Clark, S.J., in Isis, I954,

45: 294-30I.

NICOLAUS von CUES. Vom Globusspiel (De Ludo Globi). Uebersetzt und mit Einfiihrung und Ammerkungen verschen von Gerda von Bredow. (Schriften des Nicolaus von Cues, Im Auftrage der Heidelberger Akademie der Wis- senschaften in deutscher Uebersetzung heraus- gegeben von Ernst Hoffman, Heft I3.). xxxii + I38 pp. Hamburg: Felix Meiner, I952. Reviewed by Alexander Koyre in Rev. Hist. Sci.,

I955, 8: 83-86.

SILK, E. T. Pseudo-Johannes Scottus, Adal- bold of Utrecht, and the early commentaries on Boethius. Mediaeval & Ren. Stud., vol. 3, pp. I-40. London: The Warburg Institute, University of London, I954.

SKEAT, T. C. An early mediaeval "Book of fate," the Sortes XII Patriarchum. With a note on "Books of fate" in general. Med. & Ren. Stud., vol. 3, pp. 4I-54. London: The Warburg Institute, University of London, I954.

c. The exact sciences (pure mathematics; optics; astronomy and astrology; music; theoretical mechanies, etc.; experimental

physical sciences) BEAUJOUAN, GUY. L'enseignement de l'arith-

metique 6l6mentaire A l'Universit6 de Paris aux XIIIe et XIVe siecles: de l'abaque a l'algorisme. Hom. Millds Vallicrosa, I954, I: 93-I24.

BENJAMIN, FRANCIS S., Jr. John of Gmunden and Campanus of Novara. Osiris, I954, ZZ: 22I-246.

BOYER, CARL B. Robert Grosseteste on the rainbow. Osiris, I954, ZI: 247-258.

CLAGETT, MARSHALL. A medieval Latin translation of a short Arabic text on the hyperbola. Osiris, I954, II: 359-385, 6 fig.

CLAGETT, MARSHALL. The De curvis superficiebus Archimenidis. A mediaeval commentary of Johannes de Tinemue on Book I of the De sphaera et cylindro of Archimedes. Osiris, I954, II: 295-358.

CLAGETT, MARSHALL. A note on the dating of the De curvis superficiebus Archimeni- dis. Isis, I955, 46: 28I-282.



296 33.I. MIDDLE AGES

CLAGETT, MARSHALL. King Alfred and the Elements of Euclid. Isis, I954, 45: 269-277.

CLAGETT, MARSHALL. The Quadratura per lunulas, a thirteenth-century fragment of Simplicius' Commentary on the Physics of Aristotle. In Essays in medieval life and thoughts, presented in honor of Austin Pat- terson Evans. New York: Columbia Univer- sity Press, I955, pp. 99-I08, fig.

CROMBIE, A. C. Robert Grosseteste and the origins of experimental science, iioo-I700. xii + 369 pp. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press, I953. $7.00.

Reviewed by Henry Guerlac in 1. Hist. Med., I955, 10: 338-339; by Carl B. Boyer in Scr. math., 1955, 21: I66-i68; by Marshall Clagett in Isis, 1955, 46: 66-69; by E. J. Dijksterhuis in Nature, 1954, 173: 138-139.

CROSBY, H. LAMAR, Jr. (editor) Thomas Bradwardine his Tractatus de proportionibus. Its significance for the development of mathematical physics. Xi + 203 pp. Madison: Uni- versity of Wisconsin Press, I955. $3.50.

Reviewed by Carl B. Boyer in Science, 1955, 122: 562.

LEVEY, MARTIN. Abraham Savasorda and his algorism. A study in early European logistic. Osiris, 1954, II: 50-64.

MAIER, ANNELIESE. Die Anflinge des physikalischen Denkens im 14. Jahrundert. Philos. nat., I1950, I: 7-35.

MICHEL, HENRI. Les tubes optiques avant le telescope. Ciel et Terre (Ixelles), 1954, 70: 3-12.

MOODY, ERNEST A.; MARSHALL CLAG- ETT. The medieval science of weights (Scien- tia de ponderibus). Treatises ascribed to Euclid, Archimedes, Thabit ibn Qurra, Jor- danus de Nemore, and Blasius of Parma. With introductions, English translations, and notes. x + 438 pp. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, I952. $5.00. Reviewed by Anneliese Maier in IsMs, I955, 46:

297-300; by Curtis Wilson in Scr. math., 1954, 20: I8I-I83.

MULTHAUF, ROBERT P. John of Rupescissa and the origin of medical chemistry. Isis, I954, 45: 359-367.

PRICE, DEREK J. Medieval land surveying and topographical maps. Geog. J., I955, Z2Z: I-I0, 7 fig. 'The following notes are the result of an at-

tempt to determine what instruments and techniques were used for surveying before I500."

SCHOVE, D. JUSTIN. The earliest British eclipse record (A.D. 400-600). J. Brit. astron. Assoc., I954, 65: 38-43.

SMITH, THOMAS MALCOM. A critical text of and commentary on the De latitudinibus formarum. Isis, 1955, 46: 56.

THORNDIKE, LYNN. Giovanni Bianchini's astronomical instruments. Scr. math., I955, 2Z: I36-137.

THORNDIKE, LYNN. More questions on the Meteorologica. Isis, 1955, 46: 357-360.

THORNDIKE, LYNN. Oresme and fourteenth- century commentaries on the Meteorologica. Isis, I954, 45: I45-I52.

THORNDIKE, LYNN. Peter of Modena or Gluchina again. Isis, I955, 46: 54.

THORNDIKE, LYNN. The i5i8 printing of the De insidentibus aquae. Isis, I954, 45: 98.

THOMSON, S. HARRISON. Unnoticed questions of Walter Burley on the physics. Mitt. Inst. Ost. Geschichtsforschung, I954, 62: 390-

405.

VOGEL, KURT. Griechische Algebra in Rech- enbiichern des Mittelalters. Math.-phys. Semesterberichte (Goittingen), 1954, 4: 122- 130.

d. Natural history

(zoology, botany, mineralogy, meteorology, geology, climatology, etc.)

BALSS, HEINRICH. Die Tausendfiissler, In- sekten und Spinnen bei Albertus Magnus. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 303-322.

BELLONI, LUIGI. Les schemas anatomiques (serie des cinq systemes et l'oeil) du Cod. Trivultianus 836 (XIV' siecle). Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I954, 33: 282-297, 6 fig.

BtJHLER, CURT F. An anonymous Latin herbal in the Pierpont Morgan Library. Osiris, I954, II: 259-266.

BRODIN, G?ISTA (editor). Agnus castus. A Middle English herbal reconstructed from various manuscripts. (Essays and Studies on English Language and Literature, 6. The English Institute in the University of Upsala.) 329 pp. Upsala: A.-B. Lundequistska Bok- handeln, I950; Copenhagen: Ejnar Munks- gaard; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, I95I. Sw. crs. 9.50; Da. kr. I3.30; $2.70; I2S. Reviewed by Glenn Sonnedecker in Isis, 1954,

45: 392-393.

MEIKLEJOHN, M. F. M. The birds of Dante. Ann. Sci., I954, IO: 33-43.

WHITE, T. H. The book of beasts. 296 pp., ill. in text. New York: Putnam, I954. $5.00. Reviewed by Florence McCulloch in Speculum,

I955, 30: 694-696.



33.I. MIDDLE AGES 297 e. Pseudo-science and experiment

(natural magic, compendia of experiments, alchemy)

GANZENMtJLLER, W. Eine alchemistische Handschrift aus der zweiten Halfte des I2.

Jahrhunderts. Sudhoffs Arch., 1955, 39: 43- 52.

PLESSNER, M. The place of the Turba phi- losophorum in the development of alchemy. Isis, I954, 45: 33I-338.

SAXL, FRITZ; HANS MEIER. Catalogue of astrological and mythological illuminated manuscripts of the Latin Middle Ages. III: Manuscripts in English Libraries. Verzeichnis astrologischer und mythologischer illustrierter Handschriften des lateinischen Mittelalters. III: Handschriften in Englischen Bibliothe- ken. Edited by Harry Bober. 2 vols. Vol. I, lnxv + 447 pp., 35 fig. Vol. 2, 65 pp., 92 pI.

London: Warburg Institute, University of London, I953.

Reviewed by William D. Stahlman in Isis, I954, 45: 309-3io; by W. Pagel in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I955, 34: 75-76. THORNDIKE, LYNN. Henri Bate on the

occult and spiritualism. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954a 33 I33-I40.

WARD, ERIC. The authorship of Thomas Norton's Ordinal of alchimy? Isis, 1954, 45: 383.

ZIMMELS, H. J. Magicians, theologians, and doctors. Studies in folk-medicine and folklore as reflected in the Rabbinical Responsa (I2th-Igth centuries). vii + 293 pp. Lon- don: Edward Goldston & Son, Ltd., I952. 21S.

Reviewed by Samuel Rosenblatt in Bull. Hist. Mcd., I954, 28: 579-580.

f. Technology, travel, exploration, geography

BACRI, JACQUES. Vitraux de France du XI' au XVIe siecle. Bibl. Hum. Ren., I953, Z5: 35I-358.

BRIDBURY, A. R. England and the salt trade in the later Middle Ages. xviii + I98 pp., i map, 3 ill. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press, 1955. 21S.

"This book attempts to chronicle a commercial revolution which occurred in the mid-fourteenth century and continued to exert its influence on European trade until well into that period of history which, with increasing hesitation, we still call 'modern.' Until the mid-fourteenth century northern Europe obtained its supplies of salt from indigenous sources. From then onwards supplies were sought increasingly from salines in France. By the fifteenth century this trade in French salt had become indispensable to north-European life; and

in the sixteenth century the only major change to be discerned was connected with the progressive supersession of France as the principal supplier by Spain and Portugal."

In addition to material on the scientific aspects of technology, as making salt from brine, and the chemical analysis of salt from various sources, one of the appendices is devoted to weights and measures.

DOORMAN, G. De middeleeuwse brouwerij en de gruit (The medieval brewery and the Gruit), with a preface in English, I05 pp., 8 pl. 's-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, I955. 6.25 guilders. "In many mediaeval towns in the Netherlands,

the main trade was either the herring fishery and the related industries, or the brewing industry. Consequently it is easily understood that many historians have occupied themselves with the history of brewing. Usually a limited geographical area, town or region drew their attention and thus various questions remained entirely unanswered or were only lightly touched upon in some essays. It seemed to me that, especially with regard to the mediaeval brewery, we could achieve a better result by arranging chronologically a large number of data and by viewing the same from both a technical and a historical side, in relation to each other. Thus it came to be that this essay was written. In appendices I and III about i50 dates appear with particulars regarding the Middle Ages, which form the basis of the general review. By mentioning all literature consulted, I have en- abled readers to verify and to criticize my conclusions."

GILLE, BERTRAND. Le machinisme au Moyen Age. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., I953, 6: 6oi-6o6, 2 pI.

LETTS, M. Sir John Mandeville. The man and his book. 192 pp., i6 fig. London, I949. (First cheap ed. 7/6.) Reviewed by H. Engel in Centaurus, 1955, 4: 96.

MOLLAT, MICHEL. Le Commerce maritime normand A la fin du moyen Age. yv + 6I7 pp. Paris: Plon, I952.

Reviewed by Michel Franeois in Bibl. Hum. Ren., 1955, 17: II3-II4-

WOLDAN, ERICH. A circular, copper-en- graved, medieval world map. Imago mundi, I954, II: I3-16, i pi.

ZINNER, ERNST. Aus der Fruhzeit der Rid- eruhr. Von der Gewichtsuhr zur Federzug- suhr. Abh. dtsch. Mus., I954, 22: I-64, 25 ill. This brief history deals with the origins of the

mechanical geared clock and the portable watch, from weight-driven to spring-driven devices. There are a number of chronological tables, e.g., Nach- richten iiber Uhren u. moderne Stundenangaben des 14. Jahrhunderts; Gewichtsuhren-Beschreibung- en u. Bilder des 14. u. I5. Jahrhunderts; Friihe Nachrichten uiber Federzuguhren; Federzuguhren -Beschreibungen u. Bilder; Trommelformige Fed- erzuguhren u. Tischuhren-Werke; Federzuguhren in



298 33 . I . MIDDLE AGES

Bisamiipfeln-Dosenuhren; Federzuguhr als Standuhr. The valuable bibliography and the beautiful illustrations enhance the value of Dr. Zinner's latest work. I. B. C. ZINNER, ERNST. Peter Henlein und die

Erfindung der Taschenuhr. Jb. dtsch. Ges. Chronometrie, [1954?], 4: 8-12, 5 pL

g. Medicine and health

BELLONI, LUIGI. Les schemas anatomiques (serie des cinq systemes et oeil) du Cod. Trivultianus 836 (XIV0 si6cle). Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., I953, 6: 674-689, 6 fig.

BEN YAHIA, B. Les origines arabes du De melancholia de Constantin l'Africain. Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 156-I62.

CARDONER, ANTONIO. La odontologia en la corona de Arag6n durante la edad media. Rev. esp. Estomatologia, 1954, 2: 283-288, I fig.

CARDONER [PLANAS], A. La tortura judi- cial desde el punto de vista medico. Arch. Iberoamericanos Hist. Med., 1950, 2: 265- 268.

CARDONER PLANAS, A. Nueves datos acerca de Jafuda Bonsenyor. Sefarad (Re- vista de la Escuela de Estudios Hebraicos, Madrid), I944, 4: 287-293.

CARDONER PLANAS, A. Seis mujeres he- breas practicando la medicina en el reino de Arag6n. Sefarad (Revista de la Escuela de Estudios Hebraicos, Madrid), 1949, 9: I-5.

EIS, GERHARD. Handschriftenstudien zur medizinischen Literatur des Spatmittelalters. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 233-266.

FERCKEL, CHRISTOPH. Die Secreta mulierum und ihr Verfasser. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954,

38: 267-274.

GRATTAN, J. H. G.; CHARLES SINGER. Anglo-Saxon magic and medicine. Illustrated specially from the semi-pagan text 'Lac- nunga.' (Publications of the Wellcome His- torical Medical Museum, new series, no. 3.) Xii + 234 pp., il., 7 pL. London: Oxford University Press, I952. 28s. Reviewed by Max H. Fisch in 1. Hist. Mcd.,

1954, 9: 252-256.

GRMEK, MIRKO DRAZEN. La pharmacie dans les villes dalmates du Moyen-Age. (In Croat, summary in French.) Acta pharm. jugoskav., 1954, 4: 1-19.

GRMEK, MIRKO DRAZEN. The life and works of Domenico of Ragusa, medieval doctor and writer. (In Croat, with Italian summary.) Anali hist. Inst. jugoslav. (Dubrov- nik), 1953, 2: 2I7-233, 2 facs.

LAFEUILLE, GERMANE. Les amphorismes Ypocras de Martin de Saint-Gille, I362-I365. (Harvard Studies in Romance Languages, vol. 25.) i67 pp., 4 pp., facs. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, I954. (Travaux d'Humanisme et Renaissance, 9.) Paris: Li- brairie E. Droz, I954.

Reviewed by Paul Delaunay in Rev. Hist. Sci., I955, 8: 93-94; by Salvatore Principe in Riv. Stor. Sci. med. nat., 1955, 46: 75-77; by Ernest Wickers- heimer in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 377-378.

This is an edition of parts of the French translation made from the Latin by Martin de Saint- Gille at Avignon in 1362, extant in MS Paris B.N. fr. 24246, a copy written in 1429 for the Duke of Bedford; the short preface by George Sarton deals with the later translation by Jean Breche. The editor's introduction records the slight evidence on the life of the translator and on the circumstances of the present translation; later pages explain the critical method and discuss the language. The Old French text (pp. 53-I03) is followed by appendices consisting of sample complete sections from the manuscript, indices and incipits of the aphorisms, an Old French lexicon, and photographs of several folios of the manuscript.

In the introduction, Miss Lafeuille notes in passing a few allusions to the sources (e.g., Avi- cenna, Boethius, Hermes, Rasis) of those parts of the text which are original commentaries by Saint- Gille. Each aphorism contains three parts, the Latin, the French with certain interpolations, and the commentary: "de ces trois parties nous 61;imi- nons d'abord la premiere et la derniere, puisque c'est Hippocrate et non son commentateur, la traduction fransaise et non l'original latin, qui nous interesse ici." Elsewhere she says: "La pensee ne nous interesse ici que tres indirectement." Finally, since the second part was too long, the editor removed from it everything not strictly a faithful translation of the Latin. Of the elements removed without further notice, a few samples appear as notes to the expurgated Old French text. F. J. C.

LOCKWOOD, DEAN PUTNAM. Ugo Benzi, medieval philosopher and physician, 1376- 1439. xvi + 441 pp. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951. $8.oo. Reviewed by Elmer Belt in Centaurus, 1954, 3:

273-275.

LORENZ, HELMUT-JOHANNES. Si mulier obticuerit. Ein Hysterierezept des Pseudo- Apuleius. Sudhoffs Arch., I954, 38: 20-28.

PAGEL-KROLL, MAGDA. The surgery of Jamerius. Report on a new manuscript. Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: 47I-488, 3 fig.

THORNDIKE, LYNN. A medical manuscript of the fourteenth century, J. Hist. Med., 1955,

ZO: 392-398.

THORNDIKE, LYNN. Fifteenth century patients. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 252-258.

WICKERSHEIMER, E. La "Practica" de Gregoire de Montelongo [d. I269], eveque



33.I. MIDDLE AGES -34. ISLAM 299

de Tripoli. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., Jerusa- lem, aofit, '953, 7: 633-640.

WICKERSHEIMER, ERNEST. Recepte pour le mal monseigneur Saint Anthoine dans un manuscrit de provenance normande de la fin du Moyen Age. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: I 64-I 74.

HS 33.2. MIDDLE AGES, BYZANTIUM (from c. A.D. 500 to c. 1450)

ANASTOS, M. V. Pletho, Strabo and Colum- bus. Annu. Inst. Philolog. et Hist. orient. et slaves, Melanges Henri Gregoire, 1952, 4:

HS 34. ISLAMIC AND RELATED CULTURES

(includes Israel, Iran, and the Near East in general; chiefly from c. A.D. 500 to c. i6oo)


(including biographies, and the items under main category B when restricted to the given

period)

'ABDALLAH KITHNON. Ibn Battflta. Col- lection of the Famous Men of the Islamic West. Institute Mulay Ijasan. 46 pp. in Arabic. Tetuan, Spanish Morocco: Printing Press Karlmadis (received August I955).

Biographical essay without references or bibliography. G. S. Al-ZAKI (al-qa' im-maqam Abd al-Rahman)

Al Suyuf wa Ajnasuha (Le petit traite des sabres et de leurs qualites d'Al-Kindi [Ya'qub b. Ishaq]). In Arabic. Rev. de la Faculte des Lettres de l'Universiti Fouad ler, 1952, 14: 36 pp.

ARBERRY, A. J. The legacy of Persia. 421 pp.

Oxford: the Clarendon Press, 1953. Reviewed by Richard N. Frye in Harvard 1.

Asiatic Stud., 1954, 17: 287-289.

[AVICENNA] Avicenna: thousandth anniversary. Articles by Iago Galdston, George Sar- ton, Ali Gholi Ardalan, Arthur Upham Pope. Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med., 1955, 31: 300-334. This issue, dedicated to Avicenna, contains:

Avicenna and Islamic science, by lago Galdston; What Avicenna means to the Persians, by Ali Gholi Ardalan; Avicenna -physician, scientist and philosopher, by George Sarton; Avicenna and his cultural background, by Arthur Upham Pope.

BADAWT, 'ABD al-RAHMAN. Autobiblio- grafia de Ibn 'Arab!. Al-Andalus, 1955, 20: 107-128.

BODENHEIMER, F. S. On some Hebrew encyclopaedias of the Middle Ages. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 526-536.

CATALOGO DE AUTORES de la Biblioteca (Seccion Europea). Redactado por Mariano Arribas Palau. I6o pp. Tetuin: Instituto Muley el-Hasan, 1953.

DAGHER, JOSEPH A. Index translationum arabicarum, ou Bibliographie des traductions arabes, faites des langues 6trang6res, I8oo- I950. Harissa (Liban): Imp. St. Paul [1951?]. I vol. $5 OU 20 L.L. (A prospectus, with sample pages.)

DUNLOP, D. M. The History of the Jewish Khazars. Xv + 293 pp. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1954. $5.00.

Who were the Khazars? There has been so much fog about them, and even smog (in the form of forgeries), that their very existence has been doubted. Are they a reality or a mere miasma? Mr. Dunlop's book is the first in any language to bring the critical apparatus of scholarship to bear upon the question. As a consequence the reality of the Khazars is finally established, as an oriental people who flourished during the three centuries before the end of the first millennium, in the region situated between the Black and Caspian Seas and the Urals. During this period the royal house and many of the people embraced Judaism, but why they did or how they came to do so remains an unsolved mystery. Most of the things we know about the Khazars -and they are very few -par- take of the nature of mystery. Mr. Dunlop has rendered a great service in bringing all the reliable evidence together and endowing the Khazars with a habitation and a being. A. M.

FARRUKH, OMAR A. The Arab genius in science and philosophy. Translated from the Arabic by John B. Hardie. (American Coun- cil of Learned Societies, Near Eastern Trans- lation Program, no. io.) I6I pp. Washing- ton: American Council of Learned Societies, 1954. $3.50 cloth; $2.50 paper. There are six major sections, as follows: Maxims;

Theology; The mathematical sciences; The natural sciences; Mental philosophy; and Social philosophy.

FISCHEL, WALTER J. Ibn Khald'un and Josippon. Hom. Miids VaUicrosa, 1954, Z: 587-598.

FOUCK, JOHANN. Sechs Erganzungen zu Sach- aus ausgabe von Al-Birflni's "Chronologie orientalischer Volker." Documenta Islamica Inedita, 1952, pp. 69-98.

GABRIELI, F. Dal mondo dell'Islam. Nuovi saggi di storia e civilta musulmana. 278 pp. Milano: Ricciardi, 1954. Lire 1500, unbound. Reviewed by V. Vacca in Scientia, 1955, 49:

40-41. GROUNEBAUM, G. E. von. Islam. Essays in

the nature and growth of a cultural tradition. (A.A.A. Memoir no. 8i.) Comparative studies of cultures and civilizations, no. 4, Editors: Robert Redfield, Milton Singer. Amer. An- thropologist, 1955, 57: XV + 260 pp.



300 34. ISLAM

Of particular value to the historian of science are the essays: Arab culture; The spirit of Islam as shown in its literature; Muslim world view and Muslim science; Islam and Hellenism; Firdausi's concept of history; and Westernization of Islam and the theory of cultural borrowing.

HASSAN, ZAKY MOHAMMED. Al-Funiun al- Iri.iya fil-'Asr al-Islami (Persian art in the Moslem period). 2nd ed. Cairo: Egyptian Library Press, 1946. Reviewed by E. Kiihnel in Ars Islamica, 1951,

*5-16: 213-214.

HAZARD, HARRY W. (compiler) Atlas of Islamic history. Maps executed by H. Lester Cooke, Jr., and J. McA. Smiley. 3rd ed., rev. and corrected. 49 pp. (Princeton Oriental Studies, vol. 12.) Princeton: Princeton Uni- versity Press, I954. 'This atlas is intended for the use of the rapidly

expanding group of students, businessmen, and government officials concerned with Near and Mid- dle East affairs. Though not primarily planned for the advanced scholar, it will serve him by assem- bling material now scattered and difficult to con- sult. It is designed to present in concentrated form as much reference material on Islamic history as is compatible with a reasonable price and service- able format."

KRATCHOVSKY, I. Y. Among Arabic manuscripts. I96 pp. Leiden: E. J. Brill, I953. Reviewed by Richard N. Frye in Harvard 1.

Asiatic Stud., 1954, t7: 291-292.

MAHDIHASSAN, S. Khazana, a Chinese word in the Koran, and the associated word Godown. J. Bombay Branch roy. Asiatic Soc., n.d., 28: 22-24.

MAHDIHASSAN, S. Kursi, or Throne: a Chinese word in the Koran. J. Bombay Branch roy. Asiatic Soc., n.d., 28: 19-2I.

MARTfNEZ, FERNANDO VALDERRAMA. El Cancionero de al-Ha'ik. I73 pp. Tetuan: Editora Marroqui, I954. Tesis presentada para la obtencion del titulo

de doctor en filosofia y letras (Secci6n de Filologia Semitica).

MARTfNEZ, FERNANDO VALDERRAMA. El Palacio Califal de Tetuin. Su historia y su epigrafia. 23 pp. + 30 photographs. Tetuan: Imprenta del Majzen, I954.

PAREJA, FALIX Ma. Islamologia. En cola- boracion con el Dr. A. Bausani y el Dr. L. von Hertling, con un apendice sobre la Liter- atura arabigo-espafiola por el Dr. Elias Ter6s Sidaba. xx + I,104 pp., 2 vols. Madrid: Editorial Raz6n y Fe, S.A., I952, 1954.

Reviewed by E. L. in Al-Andalus, 1955, 20: 225-227.

PERI, HIRAM. Don Isaac Abravanel. Jewish quart. Rev., 1954, 44: 254-257.

POPPER, WILLIAM. Egypt and Syria under the Circassian Sultans, 1382-1468 A.D. Sys- tematic notes to Ibn Taghrf Birdi's Chronicles of Egypt. (University of California Publica- tions in Semitic Philology, vol. I5.) 120 pp.,

22 maps. Berkeley-Los Angeles: University of California Press, I955. $1.50.

SCHROEDER, ERIC. The Wild Deer Math- nawi [of Hafiz]. J. Aesthetics and Art Criti- cism, 1952, ZZ: II8-134.

SEIDE, JACOB. Medicine and natural history in the itinerary of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela (iioo-iI77). Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: 40I-

407.

THORNDIKE, LYNN. Albumasar in Sadan. ISis, 1954, 45: 22-32.

VAN DE VELDE, A. J. J. Redevoering uitgesproken ter gelegenheid van Avicenna's iooo' verjaring. Meded. vlaamse Acad. Kl. Wet., 1952, z4: 6 pp.

WICKENS, G. M. Avicenna: scientist and philosopher. A millenary symposium. 128 pp. London: Luzac & Co., Ltd. I952. I5S.

Contains six essays: (i) Avicenna, His Life and Times, by A. J. Arberry; (2) Avicenna's Place in Arabic Philosophy, by J. L. Teicher; (3) Some As- pects of Avicenna's Work, by G. M. Wickens; (4) Avicenna's Influence on Jewish Thought, by E. I. J. Rosenthal; (5) Avicenna's Influence on Mediaeval Scientific Tradition, by A. C. Crombie; (6) Avi- cenna and Western Thought in the i3th Century, by Rev. Kenelm Foster.

Reviewed by George Rosen in 1. Hist. Med., 1955, 10: 343-

b. Philosophy and natural philosophy (including theological writings related to


ABDUL LATIF, SYED. Toward reorientation of Islamic thought. A fresh examination of the Hadith literature. 32 pp. Hyderabad-Dn., India: Academy of Islamic Studies, I954.

AVICENNE: Le livre de science. I (Logique metaphysique) traduit par Mohammad Ach- ena et Henri Masse. 24I pp. (Traductions de textes persans publiees sous le patronage de l'Association Guillaume Bude.) Paris: "Les Belles Lettres," I955. Reviewed by A.-M. Goichon in Arch. int. Hist.

Sci., 1955, 34: 271-273; by Manuel Alonso Alonso, S.I., in Al-Andalus, 1955, 20: 228-229.

CORBIN, HENRY. Avicenne et le recit vision- naire. I: Etude sur le cycle des recits avicen- niens, 344 pp. II: Le recit de Hayy ibn Yaqzan. Texte arabe, version et commentaire en persan attribu6s A Juzjani, traduction franqaise, notes et gloses, I44 + 9 pp. 2nd ed. Tirage sp6cial de l'ouvrage publie pour la



34. ISLAM 30I

Soci6t6 des Monuments Nationaux de l'Iran. (Vols. 4 & 5 de la Bibliotheque Iranienne, publiee par le DIpartement d'Iranologie de l'Institut franco-iranien et par l'Institut d'Etudes iraniennes de l'Universit6 de Paris.) TWh6ran-Paris, 1954. Reviewed by Emilio Garcia G6mez in Al-

Andalus, 1954, 19: 470-47I.

CORPUS commentariorum Averrois in Aristo- telem. Versionum Latinarum volumen VI, I. Commentarium magnum in Aristotelis de Anima libros. Recensuit F. Stuart Crawford. XXiV + 592 pp. Cambridge, Mass.: The Mediaeval Academy of America, 1953. Reviewed by George Sarton in Isis, 1954, 45:

112-113.

CRUZ HERNANDEZ, MIGUEL. La distin- ci6n aviceniana de la esencia y la existencia y su interpretacion en la filosofia occidental. Hom. MUds VaUicrosa, 1954, I: 35I-374.

FARMER, HENRY GEORGE. The religious music of Islam. J. roy. Asiatic Soc., I952, April, 6o-65.

GANDZ, SOLOMON. The benediction over the luminaries and the stars. Jewish quart. Rev., 1954, 44: 305-325.

GERSON, RABBI BEN SHLOMON D'ARLES. The gate of heaven (Shaar ha-Shamayim). Translated and edited by F. S. Bodenheimer. x + 356 pp., I9 fig. Jerusalem: Kiryath Sepher, 1953. Reviewed by George Sarton in Isis, I954, 45:

II3-II5; by J. Theodorides in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: I97-I98.

IBN ISKANDAR, Ka-i' Ki'ius, Prince of Gur- gan. A mirror for Princes (The QuJbus ndma). Translated from the Persian by Reuben Levy. XXii + 265 pp. London: Cres- set Press, I951. I5S. Reviewed by M. Plessner in Isis, I954, 45: 393-

395. MILLAS-VALLICROSA, JOSt M.& La tradi-

cion del salmo penitencial en la poesia he- brAica postbiblica. In Miscellanea Biblica B. Ubach Montserrat, 1954. 36 pp.

c. The exact sciences (pure mathematics; optics; astronomy and astrology; music; theoretical mechanics, etc.; experimental

physical sciences) AABOE, ASGER. Al-KAshl's iteration method

for the determination of sin I?. Scr. math., 1954, 20 24-29.

BARANI, SYED HASAN. Muslim researches in geodesy. (Extract from al-Birfini commemoration volume.) 52 pp. Calcutta: Iran Society, I95I1.

BENJAMIN, FRANCIS S., Jr. The Dc quantitatibus stellarum of Thebit ben Kourrah. In: Essays in Medieval life and thought (Columbia University Press, I955), pp. 9I-98.

CARMODY, FRANCIS J. Notes on the astronomical works of Thabit b. Qurra. Isis, i955, 46: 235-242.

GANDZ, SOLOMON. The calendar of ancient Israel. Hom. Millds Vallicrosa, 1954, I: 623- 646.

HORN, S. H.; L. H. WOOD. The fifth-century Jewish calendar at Elephantine. J. Near east. Stud., 1954, Z3 1-20, I pI., 2 fig., I table.

IRANI, RIDA A. K. Arabic numeral forms. Centaurus, I955, 4: 1-12.

IJNVER, A. SUHEYL. Sur les cadrans solaires horizontaux et verticaux en Turquie. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I954, 33: 254-266, I5 fig. Also in: Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., I953, 6: 639-647, I5 fig.

WATSON, E. C. Title page from Alhazen's Opticae Thesaurus. Amer. J. Phys., I954, 22: 10I-I02, I fig.

WINTER, H. J. J. The opticaI researches of Ibn al-Haitham. Centaurus, I954, 3: 190-210.

d. Natural history (zoology, botany, mineralogy, meteorology, climatology)

ALMAGRO, MARTfN. Una curiosa lipida en arabe procedente de Albarracin. Hoom. MiUds Valicrosa, I954, z: 17-18.

MILLAS-VALLICROSA, J. M. La ciencia geo- ponica entre los autores hispanoirabes. 69 pp. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 1954.

MILLAS VALLICROSA, J. M. Un manuscrito arabe de la obra de agricultura de Ibn Wifid. Tamuda (Tetuin), 1954,2: 87-96.

THEODORIDES, JEAN. La parasitologie et la zoblogie dans l'oeuvre d'Avenzoar. Rev. Hist. Sci., I955, 8: 137-145.

WILCZYNSKI, J. Contribution oubli6e d'Ibn- Sina a la theorie des etres vivants. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I954, 33: 35-45.


alchemy) HARTNER, W. Le problEme de la planete

Kaid. (Les Conferences du Palais de la Decouverte, no. 36.) 23 pp., 5 fig. Paris: Universit6 de Paris, 1955.

HOLMYARD, E. J. Alchemy in medieval Islam. Endeavour, 1955, I4: 117-125, 4 fig.



302 34. ISLAM

PLESSNER, M. Hermes Trismegistus and Arab science. Studia Islamica, I954, 2: 45-59.

f. Technology, travel, ex,ploration and geography

BROADHURST, R. J. C. The travels of Ibn Jubayr. 430 pp. London, I952.

Reviewed by Richard N. Frye in Harvard Z. Asiatic Stud., 1954, I7: 289-290.

MAYER, L. A. Islamic glassmakers and their works. Israel Exploration J., I954, 4: 262-

265.


BARUK, H.; Z. COHN. Introduction aux lois de la Toumah: La purete et l'impurete suivant la vie et la mort et suivant la person- nalit6 morale. Rev. Hist. Med. hebr., I954,

7: I89-207.

BITTAR, E. EDWARD. A study of Ibn Nafis. (The William Osler Medal Essay.) Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: 352-368; 429-447.

Part I: Some notes on Arab medicine. Part 2: Ibn Nafis: his environment, life, and works.

BRODY, IRWIN A. The School of Medicine at Jundishapur: the birthplace of Arabic medicine. Trans. Coll. Phycns. Phila., I955,

23: 29-37.

CHEHADE, ABDUL-KARIM. Ibn an-Nafis et la decouverte de la circulation pulmonaire. Prefacee par Leon Binet. 55 pp. Damas: Institut Franqais de Damas, I955. This beautiful volume contains a brief history of

Arabic medicine, a biography of Ibn an-Nafis (for whom, see Introd. 2, 1099; 3, 267), a French translation and a bibliography. The relevant Arabic texts are given in the form of facsimile reproductions of B. N. Arabic MSS, 12 pages of no. 2939, and 7 of no. 5776. Our readers may remember the article on Ibn an-Nafis by Max Mayerhof, published in Isis, 1935, 23: 100-120; those who desire it may obtain from me three pages of Arabic corrections. G. S.

DULIERE, W. L. Avicenne, l'homme et sa signification dans la medecine europeenne. Flambeau, I95I, no. 5/6, 484-506.

FEIGENBAUM, ARYEH. On the use of em- bryonic tissue for therapeutic purposes, en- hancing wound healing, by an eye practitioner of the 12th century - Benevenutus Hierosolymitanus. Acta med. orient., 1955, z4: 26-29.

FEIGENBAUM, ARYEH. Notes on ocular diseases and their treatment, including surgical procedures, contained in the work of Bene- venutus Grapheus Hierosolymitanus, an eye practitioner of the 12th century. Acta. med. orient., I955, z4: 75-82.

JUNES, Dr. Etude sur la circoncision rituelle en Israel. Rev. Hist. Mid. hebr., I954, 7: I45-157.

KAHLE, PAUL. Ibn Samafiin und sein Dro- genbuch. Ein Kapitel aus den Anfdngen der arabischen Medizin. Documenta Islamica In- edita (Akademie-Verlag, Berlin), I952, pp. 25-44.

[MAIMONIDES] I. Simon. Commemoration du 75oe anniversaire de la mort de Molse Maimonide (II35-I204). Rev. Hist. Mid. hdbr., I954, 7: I23.

MUNTNER, SUESSMANN. Maimonides, the physician, teacher and medical author. Ref- uah Veterinarith (Quarterly of the Israel Vet- erinary Medical Association), 1954, II: I77- I79.

MUNTNER, SUESSMANN. Review of "Regi- men sanitatis" of Rambam (Le 75oieme anniversaire de la mort de Rambam). Dapim Refuium (Med. J.), Tel Aviv, I954, 13: 3-II.

MUNTNER, SUESSMANN. The heritage of Maimonides' medical works. (In Hebrew, with English and French summaries.) Hare- fuak (Journal of the Medical Association of Israel), I954, 47: I-7.

ROSENTHAL, FRANZ. Ish'aq B. H.unayn's Ta'rib al-Atibba'. Oriens (Leiden), I954, 7: 55-8o. "The biographies and historical circumstances of

the ancient physicians, with the sole exception of Galen, are known to us very imperfectly and as a rule only from late sources. A considerable amount of material on this subject is hidden in Arabic texts, both published and unpublished. It mainly concerns the reconstruction of the history of the development of medicine and the biographies of Hippocrates and Galen....

"As far as our information goes, one of the lost sources which might have provided the Arabs with much of their information on the ancient history of medicine would seem to have been the Commentary on the Hippocratic Oath, which is ascribed to Galen. Another work which is frequently quoted in this connection is the Ta'rb of Yahya an-Nahwi (Ioannes Philoponos).

"The Ta'rib of Ioannes Philoponos often appears mentioned in the company of a work which has always been suspected of having been of importance for Arabic views on medical history, the Ta'rib al-atibba' of Ishaq, the son of the famous Ijunayn.

"Fortunately, a manuscript of Ishaq's work is preserved in Istanbul. . . . We cannot be sure as to how far Ishaq speaks for himself or quotes loannes Philoponos. His own additions probably are not numerous. At any rate, however, it is now certain that Meyerhoff's dim view of the work of Philoponos (e.g., Joannes Grammatikos, p. 21: Sie [Geschichte der Arzte] ist ein phantastisches, mit magischen Zahlenrcchnungen durchsetztes Mach-



34. ISLAM-35.I. INDIA 303

werk, das einem bedeutenden Gelehrten wie JG nicht zugeschrieben werden darf) needs considerable revision.

"One of the main merits of the newly found text is that it enables us to gain certainty concerning the literary relationship of at least a large section of the inner-Arabic tradition. Therefore, it is being presented here, though, as we shall see, it is rather defective."

SCHIPPERGES, HEINRICH. Die fruhen tYbersetzer der arabischen Medizin in chrono- logischer Sicht. Sudhoffs Arch., I955, 39: 53-93.

SCHIPPERGES, HEINRICH. Zur Rezeption und Assimilation arabischer Medizin im fruhen Toledo. Sudhoffs Arch., I955, 39: 26I-283.

aEHSUVARO(LU, BEDI N. La puericulture et les maladies de l'enfance & 1'epoque de Fatih. (In Turkish, summary in French.) Institute of the History of Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine of Istanbul, Tip Fakul- tesi Mecmuasi, I954, Z7: 9I-I06.

aEHSUVAROOLU, BEDI N. Ahmedi, poete et medecin (I330?-I4I3). aair ve hekim Ahmed! (Hayati ve Eserleri). (In Turkish, with summary in English.) Tip Fakultesi Mecmuasi (School of Medicine Collection, Istanbul), I954, z6: i-87.

SIGGEL, ALFRED (translator and editor). Die propadeutischen Kapitel aus dem Paradies der Weisheit iiber die Medizin des 'Ali b. Sahl Rabban at-Tabarl. Abh. Geistes-Sozial- wiss. Ki., I953, Nr. 8, pp. 355-463. Wies- baden: Franz Steiner Verlag GMBH, 1953.

SIMON, I. Les bases anatomiques, physiologiques et humanitaires de la Shehitah, ou methode juive d'abbatage des animaux, avec une etude critique des autres methodes d'abbatage. Rev. Hist. Mid. hebr., 1954, 7: 37-46; 159-172; 217-2I8.

VAN DE VELDE, A. J. J. Redevoering uitgesproken ter gelegenheid van Avicenna's looo' verjaring. Meded. vlaamse Acad. Ki. Wet., 1952, z4: i-6, portr.

WALZER, R. Codex princetonianus arabicus 1075. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 550-552.

HS 35.1. INDIA

(chiefly to c. A.D. i6oo)

CARAKA SAMHITA. Edited and published in 6 vols. with translations in Hindi, Gujarati and English, by Shree Gulabkunverba. i:

4 + 32 + 625 pp., 3 pl; T. 2: 28 + 969 pp. T. 3: 22 pp. + pp. 970-1920; T. 4: 25 PP. + pp. 1921-288I; T. 5: 46 + 1,051 pp. T. 6:

6 + 445 pp., 79 pl. (200 + II2 fig.) Jam- nagar: Ayurvedic Society, I949. Rupees 75. Reviewed by J. Filliozat in Arch. int. Hist. Sci.,

I954, 33: 89-9I; by George V. Bobrinskoy in Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 20: 494-495.

DEO, S. B. Pots and utensils from Jaina literature. Deccan Bull., I4: no. I, 33-42.

DUMONT, PAUL-EMILE. The Istis to the Naksatras (or Oblations to the lunar man- sions) in the Taittirlya-Brahmana. Proc. Amer. philos. Soc., 1954, 98: 204-223.

FILLIOZAT, JEAN. Fragments de textes Koutcheens de medecine et de magie. I55 + i pp., 8 fig. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve, I948. Reviewed by Reinhold F. G. Muller in Centaurus,

1954, 3: 271.

GODE, P. K. References to Tambuila in Indian inscriptions between A.D. 473 and i8oo. (Vishveshvaranand Indological Paper Series, 26.) Sarfpa-BhdratY, or The homage of In- dology. (Being the Dr. Lakshman Sarup Memorial Volume.) pp. I-8. Hoshiarpur, Pb., India: Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research In- stitute, I954.

IYER, R. VENKACHALAM. The Hindu abacus. Scr. math., I954, 20: 58-63.

JOLLY, JULIUS. Indian medicine. Translated from the German and supplemented with notes by C. G. Kashikar. With a foreword by J. Filliozat. XX + 239 pp. Poona: C. G. Kashikar, M. A. (Tilak), I96/27 Sadashiv Peth, Poona 2, 1951. [Arthur Probsthain, 41 Gt. Russell Street, London W.C. I, England.]

JOUPTNER, H. Als Arzt in Indonesien. Leben- dige Med. (Miinchen-Berlin), 1955, no. II, pp. 1-2.

LAKSHMIPATHI, A. Ayurvedic school of medicine. Theory and practice. 14 pp. (Trans- action no. i6.) Bangalore: Indian Institute of Culture, 1952.

Reviewed by J. Filliozat in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I954, 33: 92.

MASSIGNON, LOUIS. Gandhian outlook and techniques. New Delhi: Ministry of Educa- tion, Government of India, 7 January 1953, pp. 52-64.

MOULLER, REINHOLD F. G. Kantnen die altindischen Arzte die Lunge? (Zur Bedeu- tung von kloman und phupphusa.) Sudhoffs Arch., I955, 39: 134-144.

MOULLER, REINHOLD F. G. Manas und der Geist altindischer Medizin. Nova Acta Leo p., 1952, S: 260-305.

NOBEL, JOHANNES. Ein alter medizinischer Sanskrit-Text und seine Deutung. Supple-



304 35.1. INDIA- 35.2. FAR EAST

ment, J. Amer. Oriental Soc. no. iI, July- September 1951. 35 pp. $I.00.

Reviewed by Reinhold F. G. Muller in Centaurus, 1954, 3: 270-27I.

RAGHAVAN, V. Yantras or mechanical con- trivances in ancient India. (Transaction No. I0.) 31 pp. Basavangudi, Bangalore: Indian Institute of Culture, n.d. Re. '8. Reviewed by Bertrand Gille in Arch. int. Hist.

Sci., I954, 33: 225.

SHAFER, ROBERT. Ethnography of ancient India. 173 pp., 2 maps. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1954. DM 20.

SRIVASTAVA, G. P. History of Indian pharmacy. With a foreword from Dr. George Urdang. Volume i, second edition. xvi + 276 pp., front. Calcutta: Pindars, Ltd., I954. Rs 12/8. $2.50.

A number of copies have been distributed by the American Institute of the History of Pharmacy. The first edition appeared in I953.

SWAMINATHAN, V. S. Scientific and industrial research in India. Aner. Scientist, 1954, 42: 625-638.

YAJIMA, S.; Y. IWAMOTO. Materials for the history of mathematics in India. (In Japanese.) J. Hist. Sci. Japan, xI55, no. 33, 36-38.

HS 35.2. THE FAR EAST

(chiefly to c. A.D. I6oo)

BODDE, DERK. Joseph Needham's "Biograph- ical glossary of Chinese scientists." Libr. Chron., 1955, 2Z: I5-i6.

CLEAVES, FRANCIS WOODMAN. A medical practice of the Mongols in the thirteenth century. Harvard J. Asiatic Stud., 1954, z7:

428-444.

FAIRBANK, JOHN KING; MASATIKA BANNO. Japanese studies of modern China. A bibliographical guide to historical and social-science research on the igth and 20th centuries. xviii + 33' pp. Rutland, Vt.- Tokyo, Japan: Published for the Harvard- Yenching Institute by Charles E. Tuttle Company, I955. $6.oo.

FUNG YU-LAN. A history of Chinese philosophy, volume 2. The period of classical learning (from the second century B.C. to the twentieth century A.D.). Translated by Derk Bodde. xxv + 783 pp. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1953. $7.50.

Reviewed by L. S. Y. (Lien-sheng Yang) in Harvard 1. Asiatic Sttud., 1954, 17: 478-483.

GALLAGHER, L. J., S.J. China in the sixteenth century: the journals of Matthew

Ricci, 1583-I6I0. xxii + 6I6 pp., front. New York: Random House, 1953. $7.50. Reviewed by James R. Ware in Isis, 1954, 45:

395-397. GOODRICH, L. CARRINGTON. A note on

Professor Duyvendak's lectures on China's discovery of Africa. Bull. School orient. African Stud., 1952, z4: 4 pp.

GOODRICH, L. CARRINGTON. Introduction to Chinese history and scientific developments in China. Sino-Indian Pamphlet No. 21. 20

pp. Santiniketan, West Bengal: The Sino- Indian Cultural Society of India, I954.

GRIPEKOVEN, JEANNE. Confucius et son temps. (Collections Lebegue & Nationale, no. II5.) II4 pp., II pl. Bruxelles: Office de Publicit6, S.A., I955.

HAN YU. The veritable record of the T'ang Emperor Shun-tsung (February 28, 805-Au- gust 31, 805). Han Yu's Shun-tsung-shih-lu. Translated with introduction and notes by Bernard S. Solomon. Harvard-Yenching In- stitute Studies, I3.) XXXi + 82 pp. Cam- bridge: Harvard University Press, 1955. $3.00.

HARTNER, WILLY. The obliquity of the ecliptic according to the Hou-han-shu and Ptolemy. Reprinted from the Silver Jubilee Volume of the Zinbun-Kagaku-Kenkyusyo. Kyoto: Kyoto University, 1954. pp. I77-I83.

LAO, KAN. Six-tusked elephants on a Han bas-relief. Harvard J. Asiatic Stud., I1954, 7: 366-369, 4 fig.

LEAKE, CHAUNCEY D. The Gest Oriental Library at Princeton. Isis, 1954, 45: 293.

LI SHU-HUA. L'origine de la boussole. Isis, 1954, 45: 78-94, 3 fig.; 1I75-196, 4 fig.

MAEDA, K. Naka-Moriaki, a naturalist of the Edo era. (In Japanese.) J. Hist. Sci. Japan, 1955, no. 33, I6-22.

MAHDIHASSAN, S. Chinese origin of alchemy. United Asia, 1953, 5: 24I-244.

NEEDHAM, JOSEPH. Science and civilisation in China. With the assistance of Wang Ling. Vol. i, Introductory orientations. mxviii + 3I8 pp., 36 ill. (I3 pI., 2 maps), 9 tables. Cambridge: at the University Press, 1954. Rcviewed by Jean Filliozat in Arch. int. Hist.

Sci., 1955, 34: 67-69; by L. Carrington Goodrich in Isis, 1955, 46: 302-304; by Ilza Veith in 1. Hist. Mcd., I955, I0: 440-441.

NEEDHAM, JOSEPH. The Peking Observa- tory in A.D. 1280 and the development of the equatorial mounting. Vistas in astronomy, 1955, z: 67-83, 8 fig.

OLBRICHT, PETER. Das Postwesen in China, unter der Mongolenherrschaft im 13. und 14.



35.2. FAR EAST-36. RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION 305 Jahrhundert. (Gottinger asiatische Forschun- gen, Bd. I.) Wiesbaden: Otto Harrossowitz, 1954. I IO pp.

REISCHAUER, EDWIN 0. (translator). En- nin's Diary. The record of a pilgrimage to China in search of the law. xvi + 454 pp., end- paper maps. New York: Ronald Press Com- pany for the Harvard-Yenching Institute, Ig955. $7.50. "This book is the first complete translation into

any modern language of the diary kept in the Chinese language by Ennin, a Japanese Buddhist monk who went into China in A.D. 838 in search of new religious texts and further enlightenment in his faith. One of the earliest diaries in Japanese literature and the first eyewitness account by a foreigner of everyday life in China, it is a historical source of prime importance that has long been overlooked by scholars. Ennin tells a memorable story of the hazards of sea travel in the ninth century and of his extensive journeys by foot and by river boat throughout North China."

REISCHAUER, EDWIN 0. Ennin's travels in T'ang China. xii + 341 pp., col. front. New York: Ronald Press Company, for the Har- vard-Yenching Institute, I955. $5.00.

"This book, a reconstruction of daily life and ways of thought in China during the ninth century, is based on a long travel diary of the time. The diarist Ennin was a Japanese Buddhist monk who went to China in A.D. 838 in search of new Buddhist texts and further enlightenment in his faith. Journeying through North China and living in Chang-an, he recorded in detail what he saw and experienced. Professor Reischauer presents - often in Ennin's own words - a series of pictures of various aspects of life in the Far East in medieval times: embassies and the conduct of international relations, the hazards of sea travel, Ennin's entanglements with the Chinese bureau- cracy, life in the cities and the countryside, travel and economic conditions, commerce as carried on by Korean merchants, secular and religious festi- vals, Buddhism and its cults, rituals and monastery life. The reader goes on a pilgrimage through China's greatest religious persecution when Ennin himself was defrocked and expelled from the country. From this unique document and from other contemporaneous sources Professor Reischauer has re-created for the general reader interested in history or travel the extraordinary civilization that flourished in China more than a thousand years ago."

SUZUKI, DAISETZ TEITARO. Studies in Zen. Edited by Christmas Humphreys. 212

pp., front. New York: Philosophical Library, 1955. $4.75.

VEITH, ILZA. Psychiatric thought in Chinese medicine. J. HRlst. Med., I955, IO: 261-268.

YABUUCHI KIYOSI (editor) Tenk6 kai- butsu no kenkyui (Studies on the T'ien-kung k'ai-wu). 4 + 483 + i5 pp. T6ky6, 1953. Reviewed by L. S. Y. in Harvard 1. Asiatic Stud.,

1954, 17: 307-3I6. "This impressive volume contains illuminating studies and a complete translation of the Tien-kung k'ai-wu (referred to here- after as Tkkw), an illustrated encyclopaedia on industrial technology, including agriculture and mining, in the 17th century."

YABUUCHI KIYOSI. Indian and Arabian astronomy in China. Silver Jubilee Vol. of the Zinbun-Kagaku-Kenkyusyo (Kyoto), 1I954, pp. 585-603. Includes (p. 594) the Star Catalogue of the

Ch'i-cheng t'ui-pu.

HS 36. RENAISSANCE AND REFORMA- TION, 1450-1600


(includes biographies, and the topics under B when restricted to the given period)

ARMSTRONG, ELIZABETH. Robert Esti- enne, royal printer: an historical study of the elder Stephanus. xxi + 310 pp., I5 fig. in text; 8 pl. Cambridge: at the University Press, 1954. ?2.15.0. $1000. Reviewed by George Sarton in Specultum, 1955,

30: 241-246; by William F. Church in Amer. hist. Rev., 1955, 6i: iiIi-I2; by Henri Delarue in Bibl. Hum. Ren., 1955, 17: 340-343; by the Editor in 1. Hist. Med., 1955, lo: 445.

BATAILLON, MARCEL. J. L. Vives, r6for- mateur de la bienfaisance. Bibi. Hum. Ren. 1952, I4 114-158.

BRION, MARCEL. Leonard de Vinci. 498 pp., notes, 24 pl. Paris: Albin Michel, 1952.

Reviewed by Suzanne Colnort in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 91-92.

CHASTEL, A. Contrastes dans l'art du debut du XVI0 siecle. Bibi. Hum. Ren., 1953, I5:

367-373.

CHASTEL, A. Les etudes sur Leonard de Vinci en 1952. Bibi. Hum. Ren., 1953, 15: II0-115.

CHASTEL, ANDRE. Marsile Ficin et l'art. 208 pp., front., 5 pL. Geneve: Librairie E. Droz; Lille: Librairie R. Giard, 1954.

[ERASMUS, DESIDERIUS] K. Watanabe (translator). Chigu-shin Raisan (Japanese translation of Erasmus' Moriae Encomium). Tokyo: Kawade, 1952.

Reviewed by M. A. Screech in Bibl. Hum. Ren., 1953, 15: 143-144.

FRANQOIS, ALEXIS. Rabelais et les Suisses. Bibi. Hum. Ren., 1954, z6: II8-123.

GANGOLY, 0. C. Leonardo da Vinci, a quin- centenary tribute. (Transaction No. 14) I8 pp. Basavangudi, Bangalore 4: The Indian Institute of Culture, 1952. Re. i/-



306 36. RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION

GOLDAMMER, KURT. Paracelsus, Natur und Offenbarung. (Heilkunde und Geistes- welt. Hrsg. von Johannes Steudel. Bd. 5). 115 pp. Hannover: Theodor Oppermann, 1953. DM 8.50. Reviewed by Leo Norpoth in Sudhofis Arch.,

1954, 38: I87-I88.

GOLDSCHMIDT, E. P. The first Cambridge press in its European setting. x + ioo pp., 2 p1., II fig. Cambridge-New Lork: Cam- bridge University Press, I955, $3.75. Reviewed by Curt F. Biihler in Speculum, 1955,

30: 648-649.

HEYDENREICH, LUDW. HEINR. Leonardo da Vinci. 2 Bde. 229 pp., I76 Taf. Basel: Holbein-Verl., 1953. DM 6o.-. Reviewed by Claus Nissen in Sudhofs Arch.,

1954, 38: 284-286. HEYDENREICH, LUDWIG H. Leonardo da

Vinci. 2 vol. 2 10 pp., I76 pl. + xxi pp. of "notes on the plates." New York: The Mac- millan Co.; Basel: Holbein-Verlag, I954. $20.00 the set. The author states as his primary aim "to show

the interrelationship between Leonardo's artistic and scientific work," and it is his wish "that this book should serve as a means of understanding his legacy in this light rather than as a compendium of his complete oeuvre." He adds that "Gabriel Seailles was really the first to consider Leonardo da Vinci in the light of scientist and artist combined." Following a brief introduction, Heyden- reich presents two main subjects: "Art as science," and "Science as art." Under the first category he discusses painting, court art, sculpture, architecture and also fortress construction, military engineering, and cartography. The seeond category contains a first section on "The science of painting," in which the author insists, "In studying the scientific works of Leonardo we must always keep in mind that they are the mental achievement of a man who was, first and foremost, an artist. Consciously and with pride, he described himself as such throughout his life, and it was in this capacity that he made his first contacts with science."

In a brief presentation of "Mathematics, optics, and mechanics," Heydenreich lays stress on a statement written by Leonardo in the margin of a sheet of anatomical [!] studies, "Let no one read me who is not a mathematician." Discussing Leon- ardo's theory of proportions and the role of mathematics in his thought, the author does not go into the details of Leonardo's actual knowledge of, and ability to use, mathematical techniques. Similarly, the discussion of optics does not reveal what if anything was new in Leonardo's optical work. The presentation of mechanics makes more specific claims, as: "One thing is certain: he developed the principle of inertia to such effect that it bore his name for many years. He attempted to define the principle of gravitation, and advanced from there to his investigations of weight, force, thrust and motion. . . . He found the correct solution to the problem of the inclined plane, and discovered the parallelogram of forces...."

Such statements are doubly disturbing to the critical reader. First, there is the question of the meaning of the words "develop" and "define" in relation to the principles of inertia and gravitation. Second, without citations of Leonardo's actual statements and without comparisons with the statements of his contemporaries and predecessors, it is difficult to evaluate whatever the author means. Later chapters deal with anatomy and physiology, zoology and botany, cosmology. There is a "List of paintings and studies for paintings by Leonardo," a useful bibliography, and an index. The plates are well chosen and beautifully reproduced.

In the light of the author's avowed intention it would be unfair to criticize him unduly for having written of Leonardo as scientist in order to illuminate Leonardo the artist, and for not having made an original contribution to our knowledge of Leonardo's scientific work. There can be no question but that anyone discussing Leonardo's scientific work as such will find illumination on the relation of Leonardo's science to his art by reading Heydenreich's book. I. B. C.

HEYDENREICH, LUDWIG HEINRICH. Leonardo da Vinci the scientist. 32 pp., many ill. New York: International Business Ma- chines, I95I.

KOCHER, PAUL H. Science and religion in Elizabethan England. xii + 340 pp. San Marino, Calif.: The Huntington Library, I953. $6.oo. Reviewed by Kenneth MacLean in Z. Hist. Med.,

I954, 9: 483-486; by Francis R. Johnson in Isis, I954, 45: 2II-212.

KOT, STANISLAS. L'humanisme et la renaissance en Pologne. Bibl. Hum. Ren., I953, 15: 233-238.

[Leonardo da Vinci] Etudes sur L6onard de Vinci, savant et philosophe. 74 pp. Extrait de Scientia, de mai I952 a fevrier I953. A compilation of the following articles: Fran-

cesco Severi, Leonard et la mathematique; Antonio Signorini, Leonard de Vinci et la mecanique; En- rico Persico, Leonard et la physique; Michele Gor- tani, La geologie de Leonard de Vinci; Roberto Almagi& Leonard de Vinci et la geographie; Giu- seppe Favaro, Leonard et l'anatomie; Antonio Bal- dacci (t), Les plantes protagonistes dans les fables de Leonard de Vinci; Eugenio Garin, La philosophie de Leonard.

LEONARD DE VINCI et l'experience scientifique au XVI0 siecle. (Colloques interna- tionaux du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris 4-7 juillet I952. Sciences humaines.) viii + 273 pp. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, I953. I500 fr. Reviewed by Lynn White, Jr. in Amer. hist. Rev.,

I954, 6o: 59-60; by Pierre Speziali in Bibl. Hum. Ren., I954, z6: I50-I52; Albert Delorme in Rev. Hist. Sci., I954, 7: 379-382.

LtONARD DE VINCI, homme de science, I452-I5I9. Exposition present6 par le Palais de la D6couverte, Paris, Decembre I952-



36. RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION 307

Janvier I953. 39 pp., 8 pl. Paris: Universit6 de Paris, I953. Introduction by Lucien Lefebvre, with notes by

Pierre Sergescu, Rene Taton, and Jean Vinchon.

LEONARDO in occasione del quinto centenario della nascita. I27 pp., many pl. Firenze: Casa Editrice Marzocco, I952. L I,000. A collection of 26 articles on various aspects of

the life and work of Leonardo, of which the major ones for the historian of science are: Leonardo biologo e anatomico; Leonardo naturalista; Leon- ardo matematico; Leonardo e la fisica scientifica; Leonardo e il volo; Leonardo ingegnere meccanico; Leonardo scienziato idraulico; Leonardo costruttore e urbanista; Leonardo nell'astronomia; Leonardo filosofo naturale. I. B. C.

LEONARDO: saggi e ricerche. xxv + 604 pp., ill. Rome: Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato, I954. $30.00. Reviewed by the Editor in J. Hist. Med., I955,

1o: 346-347.

ONG, WALTER J., S.J. Fouquelin's French rhetoric and the Ramist vernacular tradition. Stud. Philol., 1954, 5I: I27-I42.

ONG, WALTER J., S.J. Johannes Piscator [I546-I625]: one man or a Ramist dichot- omy? Harvard Libr. Bull., I954, 8: I5I-I62.

ONG, WALTER J. Ramus et le monde anglo- saxon d'aujourd'hui. Rev. Litt. comp., I954,

28: 57-66.

PALISSY, BERNARD. Catalogue de la Col- lection E. Rothschild par S. Grandjean, avec la Vie de Bernard Palissy, par Mme. Ger- maine de Rothschild. Preface de P. Verlet. Paris: Ed. Au Pont des Arts, I952.

Reviewed by Andre Chastel in Bibl. Hum. Ren., I953, 15: 247-248. PELSENEER, JEAN. La reforme et l'origine

de la science moderne. Rev. Univ. Bruxelles, I954, juillet-aoiut, 406-4I8.

POYNTER, F. N. L. A catalogue of incunabula in the Wellcome Historical Medical Library. (Publications of the Wellcome His- torical Medical Museum. Ed. by E. Ash- worth Underwood. N. s. Nr. 5.) XV, i6o pp. I2 tables. London: Geoffrey Cumber- lege, Oxford University Press, I954. 50s. Reviewed by Heinz Goerke in Sudhofis Arch.,

I954, 38: 286-287.

RENAISSANCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA. Isis, I954, 45: 197.

RENAUDET, AUGUSTIN. trasme et l'Italie. (Travaux d'Humanisme et Renaissance, XV.) XVii + 267 pp. Geneve: Librairie E. Droz, I954.

ROSEN, EDWARD. The true name of Erycius Puteanus. Fontes Ambrosiani, XXVI, Mis- cellanea G. Galbiati, I95I, 2: 385-397.

SALLANDER, HANS. Katalog der Inkunabeln der kgl. Universitats-bibliothek zu Uppsala, Neuerwerbungen seit dem Jahre I907 ... I76 pp. (Bibliotheca Ekmaniana. . ., 59.) Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksells Boktryckeri AB, I953. 20 Sw. cr. Reviewed by Ernest Wickersheimer in Arch. int.

Hist. Sc., I954, 33: 73-75. SARTON, GEORGE. Deux centenaires: Servet

et Chateillon. Cahiers Hist. mond., I954, 2: I40-I69.

SAULNIER, V. L. Fransois Rabelais, patron des pronostiqueurs (Une pronostication re- trouvee). Bibliotheque d'Humanisme et Ren- aissance, Travaux et Documents, Tome XVI, I24-I38, i pl. Geneve: Librairie Droz, I954. Pantagruel au large de Ganabin, ou la peur de Panurge. Ibid., 58-8i. Recherches sur Nicolas Bourbon l'ancien. Ibid., I72-I9I.

SPEZIALI, PIERRE. Leonard de Vinci et la Divina pro portione de Luca Pacioli. Bibl. Hum. Ren., I953, Z5 295-305, I pI.

VENTURI, LIONELLO. II "non finito" di Leonardo. Raccolta Vinciana, I954, Fascicolo I7, pp. I7-20. Milano: Ente "Raccolta Vin- ciana." Edito con il contributo del Comune di Milano.

VOET, L. Plantin celebration, I555-I955. Isis, I955, 46: 367.

WEISINGER, HERBERT. Louis Le Roy on science and progress (I575). Osiris, I954, ZZ: I99-2I0, I fig.

WEISS, ROBERT. England and the decree of the Council of Vienne on the teaching of Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, and Syriac. Bibl. Hum. Ren., I952, Z4: I-9.

WIGHTMAN, WILLIAM P. D. The founding of Edinburgh University. Isis, I955, 46: 367.

WILSON, D. B. The discovery of nature in the work of Jacques Peletier du Mans. Bibl. Hum. Ren., I954, z6: 298-3II.

b. Philosophy and natural philosophy (includes theological writings related to


BODIN, JEAN. Oeuvres philosophiques. Texte 6tabli, traduit et publie par Pierre Mesnard. (Corpus general des philosophes franqais, auteurs modernes, vol. 3.) xxxvii + 477 pp. a deux col. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, I95I. Reviewed by Raymond Lebbgue in Bibl. Hum.

Ren., I953, 15: 248-250.

BUSSON, HENRY. Les noms des incredules au XVI' siecle (athes, d6istes, achristes, lib- ertins). Bibl. Hum. Ren., I954, I6: 273-283.



308 3 6. RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION

FRANQON, MARCEL. Quand Montaigne a-t-il compos6 l'essai Des Livres (II, io) ? Bibl. Hum. Ren., I952, I4: 3II-3I2.

GARIN, EUGENIO. Problemi di religione e filosofia nella cultura fiorentina del quattro- cento. Bibl. Hum. Ren., I952, z4: 7o-82.

JACQUOT, JEAN. Sebastien Castellion et l'Angleterre: quelques aspects de son influence. Bibl. Hum. Ren., I953, z5: 15-44.

KRISTELLER, PAUL OSKAR. Petrarch's "Averroists." A note on the history of Aris- totelianism in Venice, Padua, and Bologna. Bibl. Hum. Ren., 1952, z4: 58-65.

LEIBOWITZ, JOSHUA 0. Annotations on the Biblical aspects of Fulton's Servetus. J. Hist. Med., I955, lO: 232-238, i pl.

MESNARD, PIERRE. La tradition erasmienne. Bibl. Hum. Ren., I953, 15: 359-366.

VICO, GIAMBATTISTA. La science nouvelle. Trad. par Ariel Doubine, introd. par B. Croce. 558 pp., avertissement et notes par F. Nico- lini, table chronologique hors-texte. Paris: Nagel, I953.

Reviewed by S. Colnort in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 184.

WALKER, D. P. Ways of dealing with athe- ists: a background to Pamela's refutation of Cecropia. Bibi. Hum. Ren., 1955, 17: 252- 277.

c. The exact and experimental sciences (pure mathematics; optics; astronomy and

astrology; music; theoretical mechanics, etc.; experimental physical sciences)

BLUMER, WALTER. Glareanus' representation of the universe. Imago mundi, 1954, zz: 148-149, I fig.

[CHAUCER] The Equatorie of the planetis, a manuscript treatise ascribed to Chaucer. Edited by D. J. Price, with a linguistic analysis by R. M. Wilson. Xvi + 214 pp. Lon- don: Cambridge University Press, 1955. 52S. 6d. Reviewed by E. J. Holmyard in Endeavour, 1955,

14 I159-I 6o-

COPERNICUS, NICOLAUS. On the revolu- tions of the heavenly spheres. Translated by Charles Glenn Wallis. (Great Books of the Western World, vol. i6.) Chicago: Encyclo- pedia Britannica, 1952.

Reviewed by 0. Neugebauer in Isis, 1955, 46: 69-71.

[COPERNICUS] TEOFILAKT SYMOKAT- TA. Listy. Ttumaczyl z j~zyka greckiego na lacifiski Mikolaj Kopernik. Translated from the Greek into Latin by Nicholas Copernicus

[Krakow: Joh. Haller, iso9]. Translated into Polish by Jan Parandowski. Preface and editing of Greek and Latin texts by Ryszard Gansiniec. I73 pp. Pafistwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, I953. Contains a facsimile of Copernicus' translation

of Epistolac morales rurales amatoiae, a modern reprint of the same, a critical edition of the Greek text, and finally a Polish translation.

HARTNER, WILLY. The Mercury horoscope of Marcantonio Michiel of Venice. A study in the history of Renaissance astrology and astronomy. Vistas in astronomy, 1955, I: 84-138, 27 fig.

HELLMAN, C. DORIS. Matthaeus Zeisius, author of a tract on the comet of 1577. Osiris, I954, II: 486-503.

NAIDEN, JAMES R. The Sphera of George Buchanan (I506-I582). A literary opponent of Copernicus and Tycho Brahe. vii + I84 pp. Philadelphia: Allen; Turin: Bottega d'Erasmo, I952. Reviewed by Raymond Lebbgue in Bibl. Hum.

Ren., I954, z6: 265-266.

NORLIND, WILHELM. A hitherto unpublished letter from Tycho Brahe to Christopher Clavius. Observatory, 1954, 74: 20-23.

NORLIND, W. Tycho-Brahe et ses rapports avec l'Italie. Traduit par C. Cardot. Scientia, 1955, 49: 47-61.

ORE, OYSTEIN. Cardano the gambling scholar. With a translation from the Latin of Cardano's Book on games of chance, by Syd- ney Henry Gould. xiv + 249 pp., 29 fig., 4 pl. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1953. $4.00. Reviewed by R. Taton in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954,

7: 288-289; by Theodore Rivlin in Scr. math., 1953, 19: 252-253-

PRICE, DEREK J. The mathematical practitioners. J. Inst. Navig., I955, 8: 12-I6. Apropos of E. R. G. Taylor's book, cited below,

in this section of the C.B.

PRZYPKOWSKI, T. Les instruments astrono- miques de Nicolas Copernic et l'edition d'Am- sterdam (I617) de De Revolutionibus. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 537-543, 2 pI.

RONCHI, VASCO. Du De Refractione au De Telescopio de G. B. Della Porta. Rev. Hist. Sci., I1954, 7 34-59, 6 fig.

ROTH, CECIL. Who printed Zacuto's Tables? Sefarad, 1954, 14: 4 pp.

SINGER, DOROTHEA WALEY. Giordano Bruno. His life and thought. With an annotated translation of his work, On the in- finite universe and worlds. 389 pp. New York: Henry Schuman, 1951.



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Reviewed by E. J. Dijksterhuis in Centaurms, 1955, 4: 86-89. TAYLOR, J. Copernicus on the evils of infla-

tion and the establishment of a sound cur- rency. J. Hist. Ideas, I955, i6: 540-547.

TAYLOR, E. R. G. The mathematical practitioners of Tudor and Stuart England. xi + 442 pp., 12 pl., i map, i facs. London: Cam- bridge University Press, 1954. 55s. Reviewed by H. C. Freiesleben in Sudhoffs Arch.,

1955, 39: 288. WIGHTMAN, W. P. D. James Cheyne of

Arnage. Aberdeen Univ. Rev., 1954, 35: 369- 383. Deals with a sixteenth-century member of the

Faculty of Arts at Douai, who made no major discoveries but was "unusually 'modern' [in his] methods of . . . teaching," notably astronomy or "the sphere."

d. Natutwl historj

(zoology, botany, mineralogy, geology, meteorology, climatology, etc.)

BEIERLEIN, PAUL REINHARD. Der kur- sachsische Leibarzt Sigismund Kohlreuter (I534-I599). Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 70-83.

BELT, ELMER. Leonardo da Vinci's studies of the aging process. Raccolta Vinciana, 1954,

Fascicolo 17, pp. 9I-31I6, i6 pl. Milano: Ente "Raccolta Vinciana."

B6TTGER, HERBERT. Die Embryologie Leonardos da Vinci. Centaurus, 1954, 3: 222-235, 7 pl.

[DODOENS, REMBERT] Bloemlezing uit het Cruydt-Boeck van Rembert Dodoens. Samen- gesteld en Ingeleid door Dr. A. Schierbeek. Met 64 reproducties der oude houtsneden, I

van een originele tekening, 3 portretten en enkele andere figuren. Tweede vermeerderde druk. i66 pp. 'sGravenhage: Drukkerij-Uit- geverij De Hofstad; Amsterdam: L. J. Veen's Uitgeversmaatschappij N.V., 7.90 gld.

DUBLER, CASAR E. La Materia midica de Diosc6rides. Transmisi6n medi6val y renacentista. Vol. 5: Glosario m&eico castellano del siglo XVI. Prologo de Gregorio Marafi6n. xviii + 940 pp. Barcelona, 1954. Reviewed by J. Vernet in Al-Andalus, 1954, z9:

235. HODGEN, MARGARET T. Sebastian Muen-

ster (1489-1552). A sixteenth-century eth- nographer. Osiris, 1954, zz: 504-529.

ESCHE, SIGRID. Leonardo da Vinci: Das anatomische Werk. Mit kritischem Katalog und hundertfunfundsiebzig Abbildungen. (Ars Docta Band 8.) I76 pp., 175 pL. Basel: Holbein-Verlag, 1954.

HOFER, PHILIP; G. W. COTTRELL, Jr. Angelos Vergecios and the Bestiary of Man- uel Phile. Harvard Libr. Bull., '954, 8: 323-

339, 8 pl. MARZELL, HEINRICH. Das Buchsbaum-

Bild im Krrauterbuch (i55i) des Hieronymus Bock. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 97-103, I fig. Apropos of Rembert Dodoens (1517-1585). Reviewed by Frans Jonckheere in Arch. int. Hist.

Sc,., 1955, 34: 8o-8i.


alchemy) DEL GUERRA, G. De maximo secreto medi-

cinae. Un codice medico-alchimico del sec. XV con scritti del XIII. Boll. Stor. pisano, 1951-1952 [1953], 20-2Z: 71 pp., 2 pI.

Reviewed by B. Imbasciati in Riv. Stor. Sci. med. nat., 1954, 45: 195-196; by Ernest Wicker- sheimer in Arch. int. Hist. SCI., 1954, 33: 213-214.

OLIVIER, E. La Suisse et les astrologues de Simon de Phares. Gesnerus, 1955, I2: 1-23.

PARR, JOHNSTONE. Tamburlaine's malady, and other essays on astrology in Elizabethan drama. xiv + I58 pp. University, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 1953. $3.50.

Reviewed by C. Doris Hellman in Isis, 1954, 45: 398-399. WICKERSHEIMER, ERNEST. La Prinosti-

cation nouvelle pour 1504 de Bernard de la Forest et la Grant Prenostication nouveUe pour I5I5 de Wenceslas Fabri. Bibl. Hum. Ren., 1955, I7: 395-404.

f. Technology, travel, exploration and geography

ALMAGIA, ROBERTO. Intorno ad una antica carta della Palestina. Hom. Millds Vallicrosa, 1954, z: 3II-I36.

ALMAGIA, ROBERTO. La diffusion des pro- duits cartographiques fiamands en Italie au XVIr si&cle. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 46-48. Also in: Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 713-715.

BAGROW, LEO. Carta itineraria europae Mar- tini Ilacomii, I351. Imago mundi, 1954, zz: 149-150, I fig., I map folded in.

BANFI, FLORIO. The cartographer Etienne Tabourot. Imago mundi, 1954, zz: 34-36.

CENNINI, CENNINO D'ANDREA. The craftsman's handbook. The Italian ' libro dell' arte," translated by Daniel V. Thompson, Jr. xxvii + 142 pp., I pI., I fig. New York: Dover Publications, 1954. $3.50.

A reprint of the 1933 edition, which replaced Lady Herringham's (I899-I922), of this technical manual of Cennini (Isth cent.).



3IO 36. RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION

CORTESAO, ARMANDO. Note on the Casti- glioni planisphere. Imago mundi, 1954, zz: 53-55, I map, folded.

CORTESAO, ARMANDO. The nautical chart of 1424 and the early discovery and carto- graphical representation of America. A study on the history of early navigation and cartography. With a foreword by Maximino Cor- reia, Universitatis Rector. xix + 123 pp., port., facs., fig., tables, bibl., index. Coimbra: University of Coimbra, 1954. $30.00.

Reviewed by Antoine de Smet in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 392-394; by S. E. Morison in Speculum, 1955, 30: 468-470; by Emile Janssens in Isis, 1955, 46: 300-302.

DAVIES, ARTHUR. The Egerton MS 2803 map and the Padron Real of Spain in I5I0. Imago mundi, 1954, ii: 47-52, 3 pL.

GONQALVES, Cap. de Frag. M. JlOLIO [Navy Medical Corps]. Filosofia da historia mani- tima portuguesa. Sobre una hermeneutica dos descobrimentos. Notas criticas. 50 pp. Lis- bon: [no publisher, "Composto e impresso na Tipografia da L. C. G. G., Calbada dos Caetoanos, i8"], 1954.

Reviewed by Francis M. Rogers in Isis, 1955,

46: 59-6I. HANKE, LEWIS; MANUEL GIMANEZ

FERNANDEZ. Bartolome de las Casas, 1474-1566. Bibliografia critica y cuerpo de materiales para el estudio de su vida, escritos, actuacion y polemicas que suscitaron durante cuatro siglos. 394 pp., front. Santiago de Chile: Fondo Hist6rico y Bibliogrifico Jose Toribio Medina, I954.

HARTMANN, HANS. Georg Agricola, 1494-

1555, Begriinder dreier Wissenschaften (Min- eralogie-Geologie Bergbaukunde). (Buchr. Grosze Naturforscher, Bd. I3.) 134 pp., 13 fig. Stuttgart: Wissenschftl. Verlagsgesell- schaft, 1953. DM io.8o. Reviewed by R. Hooykaas in Arch. int. Hist. Sci.,

1954, 33: I98-200.

HILLER, JOH.-E. Die Mineralogie des Para- celsus. Teil i: Die naturphilosophischen Gedanken zur Genese und Heilwirkung der Mineralien. Philos. nat., I953, 2: 293-33I;

Teil 2: Mineralien und Bergbau bei Paracel- sus. Ibid., 435-478.

HOFMANN, J. E. Ueber das unmittelbare Nachwirken der Portaschen Quadratur krummlinig begrenzter ebener Figuren. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: I6-34, Abh. I6-24.

HOOVER, HERBERT C.; LOU H. HOOVER. Agricola's position in science. Sci. Amer., 1955, 8I: 253-254, cover facsimile. Reprinted from introduction to De re metallica, pp. xii-xiv.

KISH, GEORGE. The Caprarola portrait of Columbus. Geog. J., 1954, Z20: 483-484, 1 pl.

LEVILLIER, ROBERTO. New light on Ves- pucci's third voyage. Imago mundi, 1954, zz: 37-46, 2 p1.

LOPES, FRANCISCO FERNANDEZ. La conception g6ographique de Duarte Pacheco, auteur de l'Esmeraldo. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., I953, 6: 443-449.

MEYER, HEINRICH. More on Copernicus and Luther. Isis, 1954, 45: 99.

NORLIND, W. Copernicus and Luther. Isis, 1954, 45: 98-99.

PEDRETTI, CARLO. La macchina idraulica costruita da Leonardo per conto di Bernardo Rucellai e i primi contatori d'acqua. Rac- colta Vinciana, 1954, Fascicolo i7, pp. I77-

2I6, I3 fig. (Milano: Ente "Raccolta Vin- ciana.")

PEDRETTI, CARLO. Spigolature aeronautiche vinciane. Raccolta Vinciana, 1954, Fascicolo 17, pp. 117-128, 7 pl. (Milano: Ente "Rac- colta Vinciana.")

RUCHON, FRANCOIS. Jean de Sponde, ingenieur. Bibl. Hum. Rev., 1952, I4: 277-282.

SECRET, F. Jean Thenaud, voyageur et kab- baliste de la Renaissance. Bibl. Hum. Ren., 1954, I6 139-144.

SMITH, CYRIL STANLEY. A sixteenth- century decimal system of weights. Isis, I955,

46: 354-357.

THORNDIKE, LYNN. Marianus Jacobus Taccola. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1955, 34: 7-26.

WEBB, HENRY J. The science of gunnery in Elizabethan England. Isis, 1954, 45: 10-21,

4 fig.

WEYL, RICHARD. Die geologischen Studien Leonardo da Vincis und ihre Stellung in der Geschichte der Geologie. Philos. nat., 1950,

I: 243-336.

WINTER, HEINRICH. Catalan Portolan maps and their place in the total view of cartographic development. Imago mzundi, I954, I : I-I2, 3 fig. in text, 3 pl.


BAINTON, ROLAND H. Hunted heretic. The life and death of Michael Servetus, I5II-I553.

Xii + 270 pp., 20 ill. Boston: Beacon Press, I953. $3.75. Reviewed by I. Bernard Cohen in Isis, 1954, 45:

313-314; by C. D. O'Malley in 1. Hist. Med., 1954,

9: 375-378. BAINTON, ROLAND H. Michel Servet, hMr&

tique et martyr, I553-I953. (Travaux d'Hu-



36. RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION 311

manisme et Renaissance, 6.) I50 pp., I pL. Geneva: E. Droz, I953.

Reviewed by Henry E. Sigerist in Iis, 1954, 45: 311-313.

BAUMANN, E. D. Medisch-historische studien over Des. Erasmus. 82 pp. Arnhem: G. W. Van der Wiel & Cie., I953. Reviewed by E. J. Dijkstcrhuis in Rev. Hist.

SCi., I1954, 7: I 8 I.

BELT, ELMER. Leonardo the anatomist. (Logan Clendening Lectures on the History and Philosophy of Medicine, Fourth Series.) 76 pp., ill. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, I955. $2.00.

BENIVIENI, ANTONIO. De abditis nonnullis ac mirandis morborum et sanationum causis. Translation by Charles Singer with a biographical appreciation by Esmond R. Long. Xlvi + 2I7 pp., ill. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, I954. $6.75. Reviewed by Ilza Veith in J. Hist. Med., 1955,

10: I29-130.

BENIVIENI, ANTONIO. De Regimine sanitatis ad Laurentium Mediceum. Ed. par Luigi Belloni. 52 pp. Turin: Societa Italiana di Patologia, I95I.

Reviewed by Louis Millet in Rev. Hist Sci., 1954,

7: 384. CARPENTER, NAN COOKE. Rabelais and

music. (Studies in Comparative Literature, 9.) I49 pp. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; Geneve: Droz, I954.

Reviewed by Franqois Lesure in Bibl. Hum. Ren., 1955, 17: II8-121.

CAVARD, PIERRE. Le proces de Michel Servet a Vienne. I 73 pp., 6 pl. Vienne (Isere): Syndicat d'Initiative, I953.

Reviewed by Frans Jonckheere in Arch. int. Hist. ScZ., 1954, 33: 217-2i8.

CLARK, CHARLES UPSON. The treatment of smallpox in Peru in I589. J. Hist. Med., I955, IO: 327-33I1

[CHAMPIER, SYMPHORIEN, I472-I5391 Henry R. Viets. Report of the Librarian for I952, Boston Medical Library. New England J. Med., I953, 249: 685-688.

DELACOURCELLE, D. Germain Vaillant de Guelis, Abbot of Paimpont (I5I6-I587). Bibi. Hum. Ren., I954, I6: 336-36I.

FISCH, MAX H. Nicolaus Pol Doctor I494.

With a critical text of his Guaiae Tract. Edited with a translation by Dorothy M. Schullian. Published for the Cleveland Medi- cal Library Association. 246 pp. New York: Herbert Reichner, I947.

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3: 275-276.

FULTON, JOHN F. Michael Servetus, human-

ist and martyr. With a bibliography of his works and census of known copies by Made- line E. Stanton. 98 pp., i pI. 27 facs. New York: Herbert Reichner, I953. $8.50. Reviewed by I. Bernard Cohen in Isi, 1954,

45: 313-314; by H. Fischer in Gesnerus, 1954, II: 46; by Frans Jonckheere in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I954, 33: 38I-382.

GHIBELLINI, ISIDORO. Gian Tommaso Minadois, professore universitario e proto- medico (I548-I6I8). Riv. Stor. Sci. med. nat., 1954, 45 I88-I93.

GREVE, MARCEL de. Rabelais au pays de Brueghel. Reflftions sur la popularite de Rabelais dans les Pays-Bas du XVI6 siecle. Bibl. Hum. Ren., I955, 17: I54-I87.

GREVE, MARCEL de. Une exposition "Rabe- lais et les Pays-Bas" a Bruxelles. Bibl. Hum. Ren., I955, 17: 88-89.

HERRLINGER, ROBERT. Ein weiterer Holz- schnitt aus der Werkstatt Jost Ammans. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 84-86, i fig.

KEELE, K. D. Leonardo da Vinci on movement of the heart and blood. With a foreword by Charles Singer. xviii + I42 pp., ill. Philadelphia, London, Montreal: J. B. Lip- pincott Company, 1952. $I5.00.

Reviewed by Kenneth J. Franklin in Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 87.

KONIG, KLAUS. Ein bisher unbekanntes Kon- silium Vesals, uber die Behandlung einer Nierensteinerkrankung. Sudhoffs Arch., 1955,

39: 97-II2.

KORBLER, JURAJ. Ueber die Krebsbehand- lung des praktischen Arztes im XVI. Jahr- hundert. Centaurus, 1955, 4: I3-22.

KOT, STANISLAS. Michel Servet et Sebas- tien Castellion, martyre et tolerance. Bibl. Hum. Ren., I954, i6: 222-234.

LEIBOWITZ, J. 0. Amatus lusitanius. Rev. Hist. Med. htbr., I952, nr. I3, I4 pp. ill.

LEO, EMILIO di. Scienza e umanesimo in Gerolamo Fracastoro. Salerno: Spadaforo, I935.

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LINDEBOOM, G. A. The story of a blood transfusion to a pope. J. Hist. Med., I954,

9: 455-459.

LOCKWOOD, DEAN PUTNAM. Ugo Benzi, medieval philosopher and physician, I376- I439. XVi + 44I pp. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, I95I.

Reviewed by R. Heinzen in Bibl. Hum. Ren., 1955, I7: 334-336.

MARGAROT, JEAN. Rabelais medecin, la



312 36. RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION

medecine dans son oeuvre. Bibl. Hum. Ren., I954, z6: 25-40.

MARICHAL, ROBERT. Rabelais et la reforme de la justice. Bibl. Hum. Ren., I952,

z4: I76-I92.

MONTAGU, M. F. ASHLEY. Vesalius and the Galenists. Sci. Mon., I955, 80: 230-239.

MULTHAUF, ROBERT P. Medical chemistry and the "Paracelsians." Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: IOI-126.

MUNSTER, LADISLAS. Enarratio brevis de senum affectibus de David de Pomis, le plus grand midecin israelite en Italie au XV. siecle. Rev. Hist. Mid. hibr., I954, 7: 7-i6; I25-I36.

OLIVIER, E. Une piece inedite concernant le proces intent6 i Ambroise Pare en I575

par la Facult6 de medecine de Paris: la plaidoirie de I'avocat general Brisson. Ges- nerus, I954, II: I-IO.

O'MALLEY, CHARLES D. Andreas Vesalius, Count Palatine. Further information on Vesalius and his ancestors. J. Hist. Med., I954, 9: I96-223, 2 facs.

O'MALLEY, C. DONALD. Andreas Vesalius' pilgrimage. Isis, 1954, 45: I38-I44, I fig.

OMALLEY, CHARLES D.; J. B. de C. M. SAUNDERS. Leonardo da Vinci on the human body. 506 pp., 2I5 pL. New York: Henry Schuman, I952. $25.00.

Reviewed by K. D. Keele in Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 394-398.

O'MALLEY, C. DONALD (translator). Michael Servetus. A translation of his geographical, medical and astrological writings, with introduction and notes. 208 pp., front. (Memoirs of the American Philosophical So- ciety, vol. 34.) Philadelphia: American Phil- osophical Society, I953. London: Lloyd-Luke Medical Books, Ltd., I953. $3.00.

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O'MALLEY, CHARLES DONALD. The relations of John Caius with Andreas Vesalius and some incidental remarks on the Giunta Galen and on Thomas Geminus. J. Hist. Med., I955, MO: I47-I72.

O'MALLEY, CHARLES DONALD. Two association copies of the Fabrica. J. Hist. Med., I955, MO: 426-428, 2 p1.

PARE, AMBROISE. Textes choisis... pre- sentes et commentes par Louis Delaruelle . . . et Marcel Sendrail. 292 pp. Paris: Societ6 Les Belles-Lettres, 1953. ("Les Textes Fran- qais," Collection des Universites de France,

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PARA, AMBROSE. The Apologie and Trea- tise, containing the voyages made into divers places; with many of his writings upon surgery. Edited and with an introduction by Geoffrey Keynes. XXiii + 227 pp., ill. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, I952.

$3.50. Reviewed by Janet Doe in Bull. Hist. Med., 1954,

28: 88-89. PESET, V. A note on the Spanish version of

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[RABELAIS] F. D. La commemoration Rabe- lais a la Faculte de Medecine de Montpellier. Bibl. Hum. Ren., I954, z6: I44.

RATH, GERNOT. Charles Estienne, Anatom im Schatten Vesals. Sudhoffs Arch., I955, 39: 35-43.

REIER, HERBERT. Zwei Amberger Arzte: Andreas und Johann Rosa. Sudhoffs Arch., I955, 39: I78-I88.

RODENWALDT, ERNST. Die Entseuchungs- verfahren des venezianischen Gesundheits- dienstes im i6. Jahrhundert. Sudhoffs Arch., I954, 38: I-20.

ROSNER, EDWIN. Ulrich Ellenbog und die Anfange der Gewerbehygiene. Sudhoffs Arch. I954, 38: I04-II0.

SALADINO di ASCOLI (c. I430). Compen- dium aromatorium. The book of the pharmacists. Suessmann Muntner, ed. First edition in Hebrew based upon a Hebrew MS of the early I5th century (in Vienna). I25 pp. in Hebrew, xv pp. in English. Tel Aviv: Mach- baroth Lesifrut Publishing House, 1953.

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et medicinae. De verecundia. A cura di Eu- genio Garin. (Edizione Nazionale dei Clas- sid del Pensiero Italiano, 8.) lviii + 383 pp., 4 pl. Firenze: Valecchi Editore, I947.

SARTON, GEORGE. Deux centenaires: Servet et Chateillon. Cahiers Hist. mond., I954, 2:

I39-i69.

SARTON, GEORGE. The death and burial of Vesalius, and, incidentally, of Cicero. Isis, I954, 45: I3I-I37, I fig.

[SERVETUS] Autour de Michel Servet et de Sebastien Castellion. Recueil publie sous la direction de B. Becker. vii + 302 pp., I2 i.



36. RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION- 37. I7TH & I8TH 313

Haarlem: H. D. Tjeenk Willink & Zoon N.V., '953. Reviewed by Henry E. Sigerist in Isis, 1954, 45:

311-313.

STONE, HOWARD. The French language in Renaissance medicine. Bibl. Hum. Ren., 1953, z5: 315-346.

SZLADITS, LOLA L. The influence of Michel- angelo on some anatomical mustrations. J. Hist. Med., 1954, 9: 420-427, 6 fig.

TORTELLI, IO., De medicina et medicis; IO. IAC. BARTHOLOTI, Dc antiquitate medicinae; Giovanni Tortelli, On medicine and physicians; Gian Giacomo Bartolotti, On the antiquity of medicine. Two histories of medicine of the XVth century edited and translated by Dorothy M. Schullian and Luigi Bel- loni. Giovanni Tortelli, Della medicina e dei medici; Gian Giacomo Bartolotti, Dell'antica medicina. Due storie della medicina del XV secolo, edite e tradotte da Luigi Belloni e Dorothy M. Schullian. xxxii + xxxii, xxxiii- xliV, 1-226 pp., ii pl. Milano: Industrie Grafiche Italiane Stucchi (printers), 1954. Reviewed in 1. Hist. Med., 1955, ZO: 248-250;

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VAN de VELDE, A. J. J. De Compendia van Matthioli (I501-1577) en Lonicer (1528- I586). Meded. vlaamse Acad. Kl. Wet., i955, z7: 3-I4, 4 pl.

WALKER, WILLIAM B. Luigi Cornaro, a Renaissance writer on personal hygiene. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 525-534.

WICKERSHEIMER, ERNEST. Die "Apolo- getica epistola pro defensione Arabum medico- rum" von Bernhard Unger aus Tilbingen (i533). Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 322-328.

HS 37. SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHT- EENTH CENTURIES

a. General histories and histories of science; philosophy

ARMYTAGE, W. H. G. Sir Godfrey Copley, F.R.S., 1653-1709. Some tercentenary glimpses through letters to his friends. Notes roy. Soc. Lond., 1954, 2: 54-74, ill.

BECK, L. J. The method of Descartes. A study of the Regulae. x + 316 pp. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press, 1952. 30S. $4.80. Reviewed by Thomas S. Kuhn in Isis, 1955, 46:

377-380.

BEECKMAN, ISAAC (i588-1637). Journal par lui de I604 A I634 publi avec une introduction

et des notes par Cornelis de Waard. Tome quatrieme, Supplement. 346 pp. La Haye: Martinus Nijhoff, I953. Reviewed by George Sarton in Isi, 1955, 46:

71-72.

BROWN, SANBORN C. Count Rumford: A bicentennial review. Amer. Sckntist, I954, 42: 113-127.

A brief biography of the gifted Benjamin Thompson (1753-I8l4). C. Z. CASSIRER, ERNST. The platonic Renaissance

in England. Translated by James P. Pette- grove. vii + 207 pp. Edinburgh-London: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1953. 15s. Reviewed by F. I. G. Rawlins in Nature, 1954,

174: 475-476.

CHANDLER, SIMON B. Shakespeare and sleep. Bull. Hist. Med., 1955, 29: 255-260.

COHEN, HENNIG. The South Carolina Gazette 1732-1775. Xv + 273 pp., ill. Columbia: Uni- versity of South Carolina Press, 1953. $6.oo. Reviewed by Robert J. Faulconer in Bull. Hist.

Mcd., 1954, 28: 91.

COHEN, I. BERNARD. A note concerning Diderot & Franklin. Isis, 1955, 46: 268-272.

CONDORCET, ANTOINE-NICOLAS DE. Sketch for a historical picture of the progress of the human mind. Translated by June Barraclough, with an introduction by Stuart Hampshire. xvi + 202 pp., New York: The Noonday Press, 1955. $3.50. This new translation replaces the one that ap-

peared anonymously in 1795, which is of poor quality, and often inaccurate. The author follows the text established by M. F. Arago, but indicates which passages are not to be found in the manuscript at the Bibliotheque de l'Institut. I. B. C.

COPE, THOMAS D.; H. W. ROBINSON. When the Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary survey changed from a political and legal struggle into a scientific and technological project. Libr. Bull. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1954, 432-441, 2 fig.

DAUMAS, MAURICE. Le corps des ing6nieurs brevetes en instruments scientifiques (1787). Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 478-488.

DAVY, NORMAN. British scientific literature in the seventeenth century. 244 pp. London: George G. Harrap & Co., Ltd., 1953. IOS. 6d. This little anthology of English scientific writings

of the seventeenth century contains a brief historical introduction and an appendix, "The contemporary attitude toward science," chiefly as seen in literature. Owing to the limitation that all selections had to come from works written in English, Newton's Principia and Gilbert's Dc magnete are absent. Newton appears in a brief general letter, and his famous letter on light and colors is not included under Optics. A selection might have been taken from Newton's Opticks, which, though



314 37. 17TH & I8TH CENTURIES (GENERAL)

published in 1704, was written in the seventeenth century. I. B. C.

DE BEER, Sm GAVIN. Sir Charles Blagden's first visit to Switzerland. Gesnerus, 1954, II:

'7-35.

DE BEER, G. R. Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum. 192 pp., io pL. London- New York-Toronto: Oxford University Press (published for the trustees of the British Museum), 1953. i8s. Reviewed by I. Bernard Cohen in Isis, I954, 45:

2I5-2I8; by Charles Singer in Nature, I954, 173: I79-I 80.

DELORME, SUZANNE. A propos du bi- centenaire de la mort de J.-P. de Crouzas. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 248-253.

DESCARTES, RENE. Philosophical works of Descartes. Translated by E. S. Haldane and G. R. T. Ross. In 2 vols. (Ist ed. I9II,

repr. with corrections 1931.) Vol. I, 452 pp.

Vol. 2, 380 pp. New York: Dover Publica- tions, 1955. Ea. $1.95, pa.; $3.95, cloth.

DIECKMANN, HERBERT. An interpretation of the eighteenth century. Mod. Lang. Quar., 1954, z5: 295-311.

Apropos of Ernst Cassirer's The philosophy of the Enlightenment (Princeton University Press, I951); see the review by Crane Brinton in Isis, I952, 43: 280-281.

DIECKMANN, HERBERT. The first edition of Diderot's Pensees sur l'interpretation de la nature. Isis, 1955, 46: 251-267, 2 fig. With a note by I. Bernard Cohen on Diderot & Franklin, ibid., 268-272.

DONEY, WILLIS. The Cartesian circle. J. Hist. Ideas, 1955, z6: 324-338.

DUNCAN, EDGAR HILL. The natural history of metals and minerals in the universe of Milton's Paradise Lost. Osiris, I954, II:

386-421.

DUNNER, JOSEPH. Baruch Spinoza and Western democracy. An interpretation of his philosophical, religious and political thought. xiii + 142 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, 1955. $3.00.

DUVEEN, DENIS I. Augustin Fransois Sil- vestre and the Societe Philomathique. Ann. Sci., 1954, zO: 339-34I.

DUVEEN, DENIS I.; HERBERT S. KLICK- STEIN. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (I743- 1794) and Christopher Columbus. Ann. Sci., 1954, zo: 63-68. Apropos of an imaginary dialogue of Fransois

Pages (1745-I802).

EYLES, V. A. Nicolaus Steno, seventeenth- century anatomist, geologist and ecclesiastic. Nature, 1954, z74: 8-iO.

FRANKLIN INSTITUTE. Panorama of progress honoring Benjamin Franklin, 1706-I956. Edited by Henry B. Allen. Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 26I, no. i, January i956, i88 pp. $I.00. A collection of papers written by representatives

of the societies and organizations that either hon- ored Franklin with membership, or were founded by him and in his name. "The papers in this issue are planned to give a broad picture of the advances made in the physical sciences (both pure and applied), in the social sciences and in economics, since the time when Franklin was born. They are written in a language which the layman can understand; but we believe scientists also will find the papers of interest as a panoramic view of the past 250 years, which have witnessed almost the entire span of modern science."

The historical papers in this issue are listed separately at the appropriate place in this Critical Bibliography. I. B. C.

FRESOW, BERTHOLD. Bemerkungen zu Goethes Schriften zur Naturwissenschaft. Philos. nat., 1953, 2: 353-357.

GARFINKLE, NORTON. Science and religion in England, 1790-I800. J. Hist. Ideas, I955, I6: 376-388.

GLASS, H. BENTLEY. Maupertuis, a forgotten genius. Had Voltaire not ruined his repu- tation, we should be more ready today to honor Maupertuis, not only for his "principle of least action," but also for his pioneer investigations of heredity and natural evolution. Sci. Amer., I955, Z93, no. 4, o00-Io0,

5 fig.

GRANGER, G. G. Langue universelle et for- malisation des sciences. Un fragment inedite de Condorcet. Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 197- 2I9.

GROSSMAN, WALTER. Schiller's philosophy of history in his Jena lectures of I789-90.

PMLA, I954, 69: I56-172.

GUERLAC, HENRY. Some aspects of science during the French Revolution. Sci. Mon., I955, 8o: 93-100.

GUEROULT, MARTIAL. Descartes selon l'ordre des raisons. Tome i: L'ame et Dieu. Tome 2: L'ame et le corps. 2 VOIs. 390 + 336 pp., avec index et tables. Paris: Aubier, 1953.

Reviewed by B. Rochot in Rev. Hist. Sci., I954,

7: I82.

HARNWELL, GAYLORD P. Franklin's im- petus to education. J. Franklin Inst., 1956,

26I: III-II9.

HAZARD, PAUL. The European mind. The critical years (I680-1715). xx + 454 pp. Translated by J. Lewis May. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953. $5.50.



37. I7TH & I8TH CENTURIES (GENERAL) 315

Reviewed by Aram Vartanian in Isis, I954, 45: 399-400.

HEYWOOD, H. A brief description of the i8th century scientific instruments recently discovered at Longleat, the home of the Marquess of Bath. Bull. Brit. Soc. Hist. Sci., T954, z: 246.

HINDLE, BROOKE. The Quaker background and science in colonial Philadelphia. Isis, 1955, 46: 243-250.

HUGHES, ARTHUR. Science in English en- cyclopadias, 1704-I875. Part 4, Theories of the earth. Ann. Sci., I955, zz: 74-92.

KLIBANSKY, RAYMOND. Descartes: a selected bibliography. Reprinted from Des- cartes: Philosophical writings, published in the Nelson Philosophical Texts, pp. xlix-lHv. Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd., 1954.

KLIBANSKY, RAYMOND; ERNEST C. MOSSNER (editors). New letters of David Hume. miv + 253 pp. New York: Oxford University Press, 1954. $4.80. Reviewed by George H. Sabine in Amer. hist.

Rev., I955, 6I: II4-II6.

LARSEN, EGON. An American in Europe. The life of Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford. 224 pp., 32 ill. New York: The Philosophical Library, 1953, $4.75. Reviewed by Sanborn C. Brown in Isis, I954,

45: 2I8-220.

LEIBNIZ, The manuscripts of. Isis, 1954, 45: 98.

LEREL, ABRAHAM. Diderots Naturphiloso- phie. I56 pp. Wien: Kommissionsverlag Bruder Hollinek, 1950.

Reviewed by Eduard May in Philos. nat., I950, I: 590-592.

LOEMKER, LEROY E. Boyle and Leibniz. J. Hist. Ideas, 1955, z6: 22-43.

LUCE, A. A.; T. E. JESSOP (editors). The works of George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne (Bibliotheca Britannica Philosophica.) Vol. 5: Siris, three letters to Thomas Prior, a letter to the Rev. D. Hales, farther thoughts on tar-water, varia. Edited by T. E. Jessop. Xi + 236 pp. London and Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1953. 30S.

Reviewed by A. D. Ritchie in Nature, I954, 173:

4I6-4I7.

MADDISON, R. E. W. A note on the correspondence of Martin Folkes, P.R.S. Notes roy. Soc. Lond., 1954, 2: I00-I09.

[MERSENNE, P. MARIN] Correspondance du P. Marin Mersenne, religieux minime, publiee et annotee par Cornelis de Waard. Edition entreprise sur l'initiative de Mme.

Paul Tannery et continuee avec le concours du Centre National de la Recherche Scien- tifique. Volume 4, i634. 473 pp., 2 pI., fig. in text. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1955.

This volume covers the year I634. Done with the same high scholarly standards as the previous volumes, it contains a chronological table of all documents published, a list of correspondents by authors, and an index of proper names. MESNARD, JEAN. Pascal, his life and works.

Preface by Monsignor Ronald Knox. xvi + 211 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, 1952, $3.75. Reviewed by Rene Albrecht-Carrie in Scr. Math.,

I953, I9: 245-246.

MEYER, GERALD DENNIS. The scientific lady in England I650-1760. An account of her rise, with emphasis on the major roles of the telescope and microscope. 126 pp. Berkeley-Los Angeles: University of Cali- fornia Press, I955. $2.25.

"One characteristic of the well-informed Eng- lishwoman living in the late seventeenth or early eighteenth century is an increasing awareness of the science of her day. My purpose has been to trace the growth and development of this awareness from its inception near I650 to its climax in I760. During these years, two scientific instruments, the telescope and the microscope, with their imaginative and religious implications, exerted a stronger and more direct appeal upon the feminine mind than did such sciences as physics, mathematics, chemistry or medicine. Consequently, the emphasis of this study is on these two popular inventions which, more than anything else, aroused and fostered scientific curiosity in women."

MEYER, R. W. Leibnitz and the seventeenth- century revolution. Translated by J. P. Stern. 227 pp. Chicago: Regnery, 1952.

Reviewed by Heinrich Schneider in Isis, I955, 46: 74-76. MILLER, PERRY. The New England mind:

from colony to province. xi + 513 pp. Cam- bridge: Harvard University Press, 1953.

$6.50.

Reviewed by Raymond P. Stearns in Amer. hist. Rev., I954, 59: 937-938.

MOGENET, JOSEPH. Trois lettres inedites de Jansenius. Rev. Hist. ecclisiastique, 1952,

47: 201-209.

MOSSNER, ERNEST CAMPBELL. The life of David Hume. xx + 683 pp., Austin: Uni- versity of Texas Press, 1954. $7.50. Reviewed by George H. Sabine in Amer. hist.

Rev., I955, 6I: II4-II6.

NUSSBAUM, FREDERICK L. The triumph of science and reason, i66o-i685. (The Rise of Modern Europe, vol. 6.) xiv + 304 pp. New York: Harper and Brothers, I953. $5.00. Reviewed by L. Pearce Williams in Isis, I954,

45: 400-402.



3I6 3 7. 17TH & I8TH CENTURIES (GENERAL)

PANETH, F. A. Goethe's scientific background. Nature, I954, z73: 846-848.

PAPE, INGETRUD. Leibniz. Zugang und Deutung aus dem Wahrheitsproblem. I84 pp. Stuttgart: Dr. Riederer, 1949.

Reviewed by M. Thiel in Philos. nat., 1950, z: 172-174.

PATERSON, WILLIAM J. Benjamin Franklin, the freemason. J. Franklin Inst., 1956, 261: 107-I09.

PEYER, B. Nicolaus Steno. Gesnerus, 1954, Iz:

55-6I.

RAFFAELLO, CIONI. Niccolo Stenone scien- zato e vescovo: con la prefazione di Piero Bargellini. 298 + xii pp., pL, ill. Firenze: Le Monnier, I953. Lire 8oo. Reviewed by A. Corsini in Riv. Stor. Sci. med.

nat., I954, 45: 198-199.

REILLY, CONOR, S.J. Athanasius Kircher, S.J. J. chem. Educ., 1955, 32: 253-258, 2 fig.

ROSENTHAL, JEROME. Voltaire's philosophy of history. J. Hist. Ideas, 1955, z6: 151-178.

SCHOFIELD, ROBERT E. The founding of the Lunar Society of Birmingham (1760- 1780): Organization of industrial research in eighteenth-century England. Isis, 1955, 46: 284.

SCOTT, J. F. The scientific work of Rene Descartes (1596-I650). Viii + 211 pp. Lon- don: Taylor & Francis, 1952. ? I.

Reviewed by Laurence J. Lafleur in Scr. math., I954, 20: 68-70; by Albert Delorme in Rev. Hist. Sc:., I955, 8: I83-I84.

SLEDD, JAMES H.; GWIN J. KOLB. Dr. Johnson's dictionary. Essays in the biography of a book. viii + 256 pp., front. Chi- cago: University of Chicago Press, I955.

$5.00.

SMITH, EDGAR C. The Copley medal and its founder. Nature, 1954, 174: 1034-1037, ill.

SMITH, NORMAN KEMP (translator & editor). Descartes' philosophical writings. vii + 317 pp., fig. London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., 1952. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1I953. $5.00. 25S.

Reviewed by Thomas S. Kuhn in Isis, I955, 46: 377-380; W. H. Walsh in Nature, I954, 173: 416.

SMITH, NORMAN KEMP. New studies in the philosophy of Descartes. Descartes as a pioneer. xii + 369 pp., port. London: Mac- millan & Co., Ltd., 1952. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1953. $5.00.

Reviewed by Thomas S. Kuhn in Isis, 1955, 46: 377-380; by W. H. Walsh in Nature, I954, 173: 416.

SPINK, JOHN STEPHENSON. Literature and the sciences in the age of Moli'ere. An

inaugural lecture given at Bedford College, London, 20 January 1953. 26 pp. London: International Book Club, I953.

SPITZ, LEWIS W. Natural law and the theory of history in Herder. J. Hist. Ideas, '955, z6: 453-475.

STEARNS, RAYMOND PHINEAS. Fellows of the Royal Society in North Africa and the Levant, I662-I800. Notes roy. Soc. Lond., 1954, 2: 75-90.

STENO, NIKOLAUS. Epistolae et epistolae ad eum datae, quas cum proemio ac notis germanice scriptis. Edidit Gustav Scherz adjuvante Joanne Raeder. 2 vols. Tomus primus: xxxii + 480 pp., front.; Tomus posterior: iii + pp. 480o-027, front., ill. Hafniae: Nyt Nordisk Forlag, Arnold Busck; Friburgi, Germaniae: Verlag Herder, I952.

Reviewed by Charles D. O'Malley in Isis, 1955, 46: 73-74; by Walter Pagel in Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: 287-289.

STRAUSS, E. Sir William Petty: portrait of a genius. 260 pp. London: Bodley Head, I954, 25S.

Reviewed by A. R. Hall in Nature, I954, z74: 573-574- SZCZESNIAK, BOLESLAW. The writings of

Michael Boym. Monumenta Serica, J. orient. Stud., 1949-1955, z4 48I-538. "The writings of Michael Boym (I612-I659)

are among the most important sources for the study of seventeenth century relationships between China and the Western world. This century should be regarded as the beginning of sinological studies, and consequently, of the rise of sinophilism, which was back of the new creative influences and cultural trends of eighteenth and nineteenth century European arts and learning."

THIJSSEN-SCHOUTE, C. L. Nederlands Cartesianisme (avec sommaire et table des matieres en franqais). 742 pp. Amsterdam: Verhand. Kon. Acad. Wetensch. afd. letterk. nw. reeks LX, Noord-Hollandsche U.M., 1I954, f. 25.

Reviewed by R. Hooykaas in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1955, 34: 76-77; by E. J. Dijksterhuis in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 382.

THORNDIKE, LYNN. Censorship by the Sorbonne of science and superstition in the first half of the i7th century. J. Hist. Ideas, 1955, x6: II9-125.

TINKCOM, HARRY M.; MARGARET B. TINKCOM; GRANT MILES SIMON. His- toric Germantown, from the founding to the early part of the nineteenth century. A survey of the German township. (Memoires of the American Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia for promoting useful knowledge, Volume 39.) 154 pp., many photo-



37. 17TH & I8TH (GENERAL - PHYSICAL SCIENCES) 317

graphs and plans. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, '955. $5.00.

One interesting section describes David Ritten- house's house in Fairmount Park.

TURNBULL, G. H. Oliver Cromwell's college at Durham. Res. Rev., I952, no. 3, I-7.

VARTANIAN, ARAM. Diderot and Descartes. A study of scientific naturalism in the En- lightenment. vi + 336 pp., Princeton: Prince- ton University Press, 1953.

Reviewed by Herbert Dieckmann in Modern Philology, I955, 53: 6I-66.

WICKERSHEIMER, ERNEST. Jean Her- mann et les insectes ennemis des livres. Libri, I952, 2: 88-98.

YOLTON, JOHN W. Locke and the seventeenth-century logic of ideas. J. Hist. Ideas, 1955, z6: 43I-452.

b. Mathematics

(works on pure and applied mathematics, including mathematical logic and statistics)

AUBRY, P. V. Monge, le savant ami de Napo- leon Bonaparte. 365 pp. Paris: Gauthier- Villars, I954. Reviewed by P. Sergescu in Arch. int. Hist. Sci.,

I954, 33: 355-356.

BIREMBAUT, A. Precisions sur la biographie du mathematicien Vandermonde et de sa famille. Act. Cong. Luxembourg (72' Session de l'Association Franqaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences), 1953, juillet, pp. 530-533.

BRUNET, PIERRE. La vie et l'oeuvre de Clairaut. vii + II2 pp. (Centre Interna- tional de Synthese, Section d'Histoire des Sciences.) Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, I952. 400 fr. Reviewed by Jean Itard in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954,

7: I85. COURT, NATHAN ALTSHILLER. Desargues

and his strange theorem. Scr. math., I954, 20: 5-I3, 2 fig.; I55-i64, 4 fig.

DANTZIG, D. van. Laplace, probabiliste et statisticien, et ses precurseurs. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I955, 34: 27-37.

[DE MOIVRE, ABRAHAM]. Abraham de Moivre (I667-I754). Nature, I954, z74: 950- 95I.

FREUDENTHAL, HANS. Leibniz und die analysis situs. Hom. Mill4s Vallicrosa, 1954, z: 6ii-62I.

GILLINGS, R. J. The so-called Euler-Diderot incident. Amer. math. Mon., I954, 6z: 77-80.

HOFMANN, J. E. Leibniz' mathematische Studien in Paris. Dargestellt auf Grund des Briefwechsels der Jahre I672-I676. Leif 4. in

Leibniz zu einem 300 Geburtstag, I646-I946. 70 pp. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co., I948.

Reviewed by Frances E. Baker in Scr. math., I954, 20: I75-I78; rev. in Philos. nat., I950, i:

334-336.

JACQUOT, JEAN. Thomas Harriot's reputa- tion for impiety. Notes Roy. Soc. London, I952, 9: I64-I87.

JONES, PHILIP S. Brook Taylor and the mathematical theory of linear perspective, his contributions and influence. Proc. int. Congr. Math., I950, vol. 2, I p.

JONES, P. S. Brook Taylor and the mathematical theory of linear perspective. Amer. math. Mon., I95I, 58: 597-6o6, 4 fig.

KOYRE, ALEXANDRE. Bonaventura Cava- lieri et la geometrie des continus. Hommage al Lucien Lefebvre (Paris, 1954), pp. 319-340.

LAISSUS, YVES. Une lettre inedite de d'Alem- bert. Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: I-5.

MESNARD, JEAN. Jansenisme et mathematiques. Autour des ecrits de Pascal sur la roulette. Ann. Universitatis Saraviensis, Philos.-Lettres, I953, 2: 3-30. (Universit6 de la Sarre, Saarbrucken 2 A.) Reviewed by Rene Taton in Rev. Hist. Sci., I954,

7: 382-383. NEWMAN, JAMES R. Laplace. This mathe-

matician has been called the Newton of France. He contributed greatly to probability theory and gave his name to a field equation now widely used in physics. He was less admirable as a citizen. Sci. Amer., 1954,

z91: no. 6, 76-8I, 3 fig.

TAKEKUMA, R. Descartes' errors of translation in the "G6ometrie." (In Japanese.) J. Hist. Sci. Japan, 1955, no. 33, 35-36.

TATON, RENE. L"'Essay pour les coniques" de Pascal. Rev. Hist. Sci., I955, 8: i-i8.

TRUESDELL, C. Generalization of a geometrical theorem of Euler. Comment. math. hel- vet., I953, 27 233-234.

VLEESCHAUWER, H. J. de. Christian Wolff et le "Journal Litteraire." Contribution a la controverse Leibniz-Newton au sujet du calcul differentiel. Philos. nat., I953, 2: 358- 375.

c. Physical sciences (astronomy, physics, chemistry)

AITON, E. J. Galileo's theory of the tides. Ann. Sci., 1954, zo: 44-57, 4 fig.

ANDRADE, E. N. da C. Robert Hooke. When this remarkable Englishman published his discoveries, Samuel Pepys stayed up half the



318 37. I7TH & I8TH CENTURIES (PHYSICAL SCIENCES)

night to read them. For years Hooke enter- tained the Royal Society with experiments of great range and originality. Sci. Amer., 1954, i9I: no. 6, 94-98, 4 fig.

ANDRADE, E. N. da C. Some aspects of Frank- lin's life in England. J. Franklin Inst., I956, 261: I53-I62.

ARMITAGE, ANGUS. Chappe d'Auteroche: a pathfinder for astronomy. Ann Sci., 1954, lo: 277-293.

ARMITAGE, A. Jean Picard and his Circle Endeavour, I954, I3: I7-2I.

Jean Picard (I620-I682) and the Paris Observa- tory. C. Z. BEATTY, F. M. The scientific work of the

third Earl Stanhope. Notes roy. Soc. Lond., I955, 2: 202-22I, I fig.

BIREMBAUT, A. Quelques aspects de la per- sonnalite de Lavoisier. Act. Congr. Luxem- bourg (72e Session de l'Association Francaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences), 1953, juillet, pp. 539-542.

[BLACK, JOSEPH] An editorial. Endeavour, I955, 14 II5-Ii6.

BOAS, MARIE. An early version of Boyle's Sceptical Chymist. Isis, I954, 45: I53-I68.

BONI, BRUNO. John Mayow and Lodovico Maria Barbieri. Isis, I955, 46: 279-280.

BRASCH NEWTON COLLECTION at Stan- ford University. Isis, I954, 45: 293.

BREWER, CONSTANCE. Joins Jacob Berzel- ius' dualistic theory. Isis, I955, 46: 56.

BROWN, SANFORD C. The scientific drawings of Count Rumford at Harvard. Harvard Libr. Bull., I955, 9: 350-364, i6 pl.

BURGER, D. Galilei's Theorie van eb en vloed. Hemel en Dampk. [I954?], Pp. 27-36, 5 fig.

CHIPMAN, R. A. An unpublished letter of Stephen Gray on electrical experiments, 1707- I708. Isis, I954, 45: 33-40.

COHEN, I. BERNARD. Neglected sources for the life of Stephen Gray (i666 or I667-1736). Isis, I954, 45: 4I-50.

COHEN, I. BERNARD. Benjamin Franklin. His contribution to the American tradition. xxiv + 320 Pp. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, I953. $3.00. Reviewed by Donald Fleming in Isis, 1954, 45:

II9-I20.

COHEN, I. BERNARD. Benjamin Franklin's scientific career. Autograph Collectors J., I952, 5: 2-IO.

COHEN, I. BERNARD. Eighteenth-century electrostatic transduction? Isis, I955, 46: 5I.

COHEN, I. BERNARD. Franklin, Boerhaave, Newton, Boyle & the absorption of heat in relation to color. Isis, I955, 46: 99-I04.

COHEN, I. BERNARD. Isaac Newton. Sci. Amer., I955, 193: 73-80, 5 fig.

COLEBY, L. J. M. Isaac Milner and the Jack- sonian chair of natural philosophy. Ann Sci., I954, IO: 234-257.

CONANT, JAMES B. Die Verbindung zwis- chen der industriellen und der chemischen Revolution. Humanismus u. Technik. Z. Erforschung u. Pflege d. Menschlichkeit (Berlin-Charlottenburg), I953, I: I35-I44, I portr. A discussion of the activity of chemists in rela-

tion to the industrial revolution in the eighteenth century, chiefly in England.

CONTANT, JEAN-PAUL. L'enseignement de la chimie au Jardin royal des plantes de Paris. I36 pp., 6 pl. Cahors: Imprimerie Coueslant, I952. Reviewed by Maurice Daumas in Arch. int. Hist.

Sci., I954, 33: 82-84.

COSTABEL, PIERRE. Autour de la methode de Galilee pour la determination des centres de gravite. Rev. Hist. Sci., I955, 8: II6-I28,

7 fig.

CRANE, VERNER W. Benjamin Franklin and a rising people. x + 2I9 pp. (Library of American Biography.) Boston: Little, Brown, I954. $3.00. Reviewed by I. Bcrnard Cohen in Amer. hist.

Rev., I955, 6o: 683-684.

DELORME, SUZANNE. A propos du bi-centenaire de la mort de J.-P. de Crouzas. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., I953, 6: 633-638.

DEWHIRST, D. W. Observatories and instrument makers of the eighteenth century. Vistas in astronomy, I955, I: 139-143.

DUGAS, RENE. La mecanique au XVIIe siecle (des antecedents scolastiques a la pensee classique). (Bibliotheque Scientifique 26, Phi- losophie et Histoire.) 620 pp., ill. Paris: Dunod Editeur, 1954.

Reviewed by I. Bernard Cohen in Science, I955, 122: 424-425.

DUGAS, RENE. Sur le cartesianisme de Huy- gens. Rev. Hist. Sci., I954, 7: 22-33.

DUVEEN, DENIS I.; HERBERT S. KLICK- STEIN. A bibliographical study of the introduction of Lavoisier's Traite elementaire de chimie into Great Britain and America. Ann. Sci., I954, 1O: 322-338, 9 facs.

DUVEEN, DENIS I.; HERBERT S. KLICK- STEIN. A letter from Berthollet to Blagden relating to the experiments for a large-scale synthesis of water carried out by Lavoisier



37. 17TH & I8TH CENTURIES (PHYSICAL SCIENCES) 319

and Meusnier in I785. Ann. Sci., I954, ZO:

58-62.

DUVEEN, DENIS I.; HERBERT S. KLICK- STEIN. The introduction of Lavoisier's chemical nomenclature into America. Isis, I954, 45: 278-292, 4 fig.; ibid., 1955, 46: 368-382, 3 fig.

DUVEEN, DENIS I.; HERBERT S. KLICK- STEIN. Two broadsides illustrating Antoine Laurent Lavoisier's "Chemical characters adapted to the new nomenclature." Libr. Bull. Amer. Philos. Soc., I954, 466-468, 2 fig.

DWIGHT, C. HARRISON. Count Rumford. Notes roy. Soc. Lond., I955, 2: I89-20I,

portr.

ESPENSCHIED, LLOYD. More on Franklin's introduction to electricity. Isis, 1955, 46: 280-28I.

ESPENSCHIED, LLOYD. The electrical flare of the 1740's. Elect. Engng., N. Y., I955, 74: 392-397.

FIERZ, MARKUS. Ueber den Ursprung und die Bedeutung der Lehre Isaac Newtons vom absoluten Raum. Gesnerus, 1954, Iz: 62-120.

[FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN] An edition of the works of Benjamin Franklin. Isis, I954, 45: 99, I98.

GALILEO GALILEI. Dialogue on the great world systems. In the Salusbury translation, revised and annotated by Giorgio de Santil- lana. lviii + 5o6 pp. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, I953. $I2.50.

Reviewed by Carl B. Boyer in Scr. math., 1955, 21: 55-57; by Raymond J. Seeger in Sci. Mon., 1954, 78: 45; by Thomas S. Kuhn in Science, 1954, 119: 546-547.

Dialogue concerning the two chief world systems -Ptolemaic and Copernican. Translated by Stillman Drake, foreword by Albert Einstein. xxvii + 496 pp. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1953. $IO.OO. Reviewed by Carl B. Boyer in Scr. math., 1955,

21: 55-57; by Thomas S. Kuhn in Science, 1954, 119: 546-547; by Michael B. Shimkin in Sci. Mon., 1954, 78: 46.

GALILEO GALILEI. Dialogue on the great world systems. Abridged text edition, in the translation of T. Salusbury. Edited, corrected, annotated and provided with an historical introduction by Giorgio de Santillana. 131 pp., front. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ' 955. "This is a condensed version of the text and

notes of the complete edition of the Dialogue on the Great World Systems, published by the Uni- versity of Chicago Press in 1953."

GALILEO GALILEI. Dialog a dwu najwainiej- szych ukladach ?wiata Ptolemeuszowym i

Kopernikowym (Dialogue concerning the two chief world systems, Ptolemaic and Co- pernican). Translated into Polish from the Italian by Edward Ligocki, with the collaboration of K. Giustiniani-Kepinskiej. Preface by Mieczyslaw Brahmer. Edited by Mieczy- slaw Brahmer. 543 pp., many pl. Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, I953.

GALILEO GALILEI. Dialogue concerning the two chief world systems -Ptolemaic and Copernican. Translated by Stilhman Drake. Foreword by Albert Einstein. xxviii + 496 pp., 2 ill., 3I fig. Berkeley-Los Angeles: Uni- versity of California Press, I953. $Io.00. Reviewed by Francis R. Johnson in Isis, 1954,

45: 213-215.

GALILEO GALILEI. Dialogue on the great world systems. Translated by T. Salusbury. Revised and annotated with an introduction by Giorgio de Santillana. lviii + 506 pp., 3 pI., 32 fig., 9 diagr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953. $12.50.

Reviewed by Francis R. Johnson in Isis, 1954, 45: 213-215.

GALVANI, LUIGI. Commentary on the effects of electricity on muscular motion. Translated by Margaret Glover Foley, with notes and a critical introduction by I. Bernard Cohen together with a facsimile of Galvani's De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari com- mentarius (I79I), and a bibliography of the editions and translations of Galvani's book prepared by John Farquhar Fulton and Mad- eline E. Stanton. I76 pp., port., 5 pI., II ill. in text. Norwalk, Conn.: Burndy Library, 1I954. $6.oo. Reviewed by N. H. de V. Heathcote in Isis, i955,

46: 305-309; by J. M. D. Olmsted in Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: 285-286; by Charles Donald O'Malley in J. Hist. Med., 1954, 9: 475-477.

GREENE, JOHN C. Some aspects of Ameri- can astronomy I750-i8I5. Isis, I954, 45: 339-358.

GREGOIRE, FRANQOIS. Le dernier defenseur des tourbillons: Fontenelle. Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7 220-246.

GREGORY, JOSHUA C. The Newtonian hier- archic system of particles. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 243-247.

GUERLAC, HENRY. Lavoisier and his biog- raphers. Isis, 1954, 45: 5I-62.

GUERLAC, HENRY. The poets' nitre. Studies in the chemistry of John Mayow, 2. Isis, 1954, 45: 243-255-

HAHN, ROGER. Laplace's religious views. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I955, 34: 38-40.



320 37. 17TH & I8TH CENTURIES (PHYSICAL SCIENCES)

HALL, A. R. Further optical experiments of Isaac Newton. Ann. Sci., 1955, II: 27-43,

I6 fig.

HEATHCOTE, N. H. de V. Franklin's introduction to electricity. Isis, 1955, 46: 29-35.

HERMELINK, HEINER. Marin Mersenne u. seine Naturphilosophie. Philos. nat., 1950, I:

223-242.

HUJER, KAREL. Father Procopius and his lightning conductor. Amer. J. Phys., 1954, 22: I08-I09, 3 fig.

ISHIKURA, J. Goethe's "Farbenlehre" in the history of science. (In Japanese.) J. Hist. Sci. Japan, 1955, no. 33, 34-35.

KEPLER, JOHANNES. Gesammelte Werke, hrsg. unter Leiten von Walther von Dyck (t) und Max Caspar. Band I3: Briefe 1590-1599, 432 pp. Band I4: Briefe 1599-I603, 520 pp. Band I5: Briefe I604-I607, 568 pp., Miinchen: C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1945- '95'. Reviewed by E. J. Dijksterhuis in Centaurus,

1I954, 3: 259-261.

KERKER, MILTON. Herman Boerhaave and the development of pneumatic chemistry. ISiS, 1955, 46: 36-49.

KOYRE, ALEXANDRE. Pour une Edition critique des oeuvres de Newton. Rev. Hist. Sci., I955, 8: 19-37.

KUHN, THOMAS S. The independence of den- sity and pore-size in Newton's theory of matter. Isis, 1952, 43: 364-365.

LINGELBACH, WILLIAM E. B. Franklin and the scientific societies. J. Franklin Inst., 1956, 26z: 9-3I.

In this interesting article, Dr. Lingelbach shows Franklin as an international scientific figure by displaying his relations with the major scientific societies. He thus produces a new gauge of Frank- lin's fame, and illustrates the international character of these societies and their role in encouraging and advancing science. Dr. Lingelbach asks that readers correct these two errata: (i) substitute on pp. I0-ii, for the sentence beginning, "In the field of chemistry Priestley

"In the field of chemistry the experiments of Priestley, with those of Cavendish and Lavoisier, gave the coup de grdce to the phlogiston theory, while Lavoisier's development of Quantitative analysis" afforded a new approach to the study of chemical reactions. At the same time Franklin's own contribution (Experiments and observations on electricity, I75I) assumed its place in the progress of science toward the great discoveries of the twentieth century-the quantum theory, the principles of relativity and the structure of the atom."

(2) On page II, 4th line from the foot: "dell'- Cimento in 1569" should read "del Cimento in 1657."x I. B. C.

MACOMBER, HENRY P. (compiler) A supplement to the catalogue of the Grace K. Babson Collection of the works of Sir Isaac Newton, and related material in the Babson Institute Library, Babson Park, Mass. gi pp. Babson Park; Babson Institute, I955. The present work contains a supplement to the

original catalogue of the Grace K. Babson Collec- tion of the works of Sir Isaac Newton (reviewed by George Sarton in Isis, 1950, 41: 307-308). The divisions of this supplement follow those of the original work, and the items are numbered so as to permit their interpolation into the original checklist. As in the previous work, reference is always made to the Gray bibliography of Newton for works included in that list. There is included a table of crrata in the original catalogue, but it is not complete. These two volumes on the Babson collection, together with Gray's bibliography, provide an introductory guide to most of Newton's writings, and a considerable amount of the secondary literature in books and articles that have appeared since Newton's day. All individuals and libraries possessing the original catalogue will want to have this supplement placed beside it. I. B. C.

MACOMBER, H. P. Glimpses of the human side of Sir Isaac Newton. Sci. Mon., 1955, 8o: 304-309.

MADDISON, R. E. W. Studies in the life of Robert Boyle, F.R.S. Part IV: Robert Boyle and some of his foreign visitors; Part V: Boyle's operator, Ambrose Godfrey Hanck- witz, F.R.S. Notes roy. Soc. Lond., 1954-

I955, 2: 38-53; 159-I88, 3 fig.

MILLIKAN, ROBERT A. Franklin's discovery of the electron. Amer. J. Phys., 1948, i6: 319.

MOORE, CHESTER G. Newton's power of observation. Isis, 1955, 46: 280.

MOROSOW, A. A. Michail Wassiljewitsch Lomonossow, 17II-1765. Mit einem Geleit- wort von S. I. Wawilow, Prasident der Akad- emie der Wissenschaften der UdSSR. 628 pp., front., fig. in text, pl., facs. Berlin: Rutten & Loening, 1954. DM 19.50.

PARTINGTON, J. R. Seventeenth-century chemistry, the phlogiston theory and Dalton's atomic theory. Nature, 1954, 174: 291-293.

PHILLIPS, T. D. Lavoisier and Priestley. Isis, 1955, 46: 53.

RICE, HOWARD G., Jr. The Rittenhouse orrery, Princeton's eighteenth-century plan- etarium, 1767-1954. A commentary on an exhibition held in the Princeton Library. xi + 88 pp., i6 pL Princeton: Princeton Uni- versity Press, 1954. i,ooo copies. $2.50. Reviewed by Harry Woolf in Isis, 1955, 46:

76-77. [RITTENHOUSE, DAVID] The wonderful

planetary machine. An extensive library ex-



3 7. I 7TH & I 8TH CENTURIES (PHYSICAL SCIENCES) 32I

hibit marks the second restoration of the Rittenhouse Orrery. Princeton Alumni Bull., I954, 54: I-II, 4 fig.

ROCHOT, B. Beeckman, Gassendi, et le principe d'inertie. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 450-457.

ROLLER, DUANE H. D. The De Magnete of William Gilbert. Isis, 1954, 45: 200.

ROSEN, EDWARD. Did Galileo claim he invented the telescope? Proc. Amer. philos. Soc., 1954, 98: 304-312. "Galileo never having claimed the invention of

the telescope for himself, why should his admirers do so? 'Don't give Galileo what is not his, since that great mind can live gloriously on his own achievements'."

ROSEN, EDWARD. Mocenigo, not Marcello, in Galileo's "Siderius Nuncius." La Bibliofilia, 1954, 56: 225-226, i facs. Apropos of the name of one of the licensers of

Galileo's book.

RUSH, BENJAMIN. Syllabus of a course of lectures on chemistry. A facsimile reprint of the 1770 edition. With an introduction by L. H. Butterfield. 48 pp. Philadelphia: Friends of the University of Pennsylvania Library, 1954.

SAVELLI, ROBERTO. Grimaldi e la rifra- zione. 176 pp., 27 fig., 4 pl. Cesalpinia, I95I, settembre. Reviewed by A. Natucci in Arch. int. Hist. Sci.,

1954, 33: 358-36I.

SCHIERBEEK, A. Een tot heden niet gepub- liceerde brief van de eerste markies van Lans- downe over de laatste levensdagen van Jan Ingenhousz en een oproep om te komen tot het aanbrengen van een gedenksteen in de kerk to calne. Ned. Tijdsch. Geneesk., 1954, 98: 2521-2525.

SCHOFIELD, ROBERT E. James Watt's letter to Joseph Priestley, 26 April I783. Ann. Sci., I954, IO: 294-300.

SCULLY, BERNARD M. A great but forgotten Jesuit scientist, Father Roger Bosco- vich, S.J. Modern Humanist, 1953, 9: 31-37.

SIDGWICK, J. B. William Herschel-ex- plorer of the heavens. 228 pp., 4 pl. London: Faber and Faber, 1953. 12S. 6d. Reviewed by C. A. Ronan in Nature, 1954, 174:

329-330.

SIEGFRIED, ROBERT. An attempt in the United States to resolve the differences between the oxygen and the phlogiston theories. Isis, 1955, 46: 327-336.

SMEATON, W. A. The contributions of P.-J. Macquer, T. 0. Bergman and L. B. Guyton de Morveau to the reform of chemical no-

menclature. Ann. Sci., 1954, zO: 97-106, I

table.

SMEATON, W. A. The early history of laboratory instruction in chemistry at the Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, and elsewhere. Ann. Sci., 1954, ZO: 224-233.

SMITH, EDWIN BURROWS. Jean-Sylvain Bailly -astronomer, mystic, revolutionary- 1736-1793. Trans. Amer. Phios. Soc., 1954,

44: pp. 427-538. $2.00.

SOOTIN, HARRY. Isaac Newton. i9i pp. New York: Julian Messner, I955. $2.95. A fictional biography for young people.

STECK, MAX. Zwei fruhe unbekannte Briefe J. H. Lamberts an Johann Rudolf Iselin. Gesnerus, 1954, zz: 36-40.

[STEVIN, SIMON] The principal works of Simon Stevin. Edited by E. J. Dijksterhuis. Volume i, Mechanics. 6I7 pp., front. Am- sterdam: C. V. Swets & Zeitlinger, 1955. 52 glds.

TORLAIS, JEAN. L'Abb6 Nollet. Un physicien au siecle des lumi&res (I700-1770). 271 pp. hors texte. Paris: Sipuco, I955. 800 fr. Reviewed by Albert Delorme in Rev. Hist. Sci.,

1955, 8: I83-x84.

TRUESDELL, C. Rational fluid mechanics, I687-1765. Editor's introduction to vol. II 12 of Euler's works. Offprint from Leonhardi Euleri Commentationes Mechanicae ad The- oriam corporum fluidorum pertinentes (Euleri Opera Omnia, Series II, vol. 12.) 125 pp. Zurich: Fussli, 1954.

Reviewed by D. J. Struik in Bull. Amer. math. SOc., 1955, 6I: 451-454.

URDANG, GEORGE. Lavoisier's "chemical revolution" and pharmacy. Amer. J. pharm. Educ., 1954, z8: 2I6-222.

VAN de VELDE, A. J. J. Les compendia de chimie au i7' si6cle. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 469-477.

VAVILOV, S. I. Isaac Newton. Berlin: Akad- emie-Verlag, 1951.

Reviewed by Mogens Pihl in Centaurus, 1954, 3: 255-256.

WATSON, E. C. A contemporary portrait of Joseph Black. Amer. J. Phys., 1954, 22: 32, I fig.

WATSON, E. C. Caricatures of Sir Isaac New- ton by two famous artists. Amer. J. Phys., 1954, 22: 247-249, 2 fig.

WATSON, E. C. Retombera-t-il? Amer. J. Phys., 1954, 22: 76, i fig. Varignon's Nouvelles conjectures sur la pesan-

teur (Paris I690).



322 37. I7TH & I8TH (PHYSICAL SCIENCES -EARTH)

WERTIME, THEODORE A. The discovery of the element carbon. Osiris, 1954, ZZ: 211-220.

WILLIAMS, E. Some experiments on the ex- pansive force of freezing water. Ann. Sci., 1954, Io: I66-I7I. Cheifly the experiments of Robert Boyle and

Major Edward Williams.

WILSON, MITCHELL. Priestley. The discoverer of oxygen and inventor of the pneumatic trough used for collecting gas was a liberal English minister who fled to the U.S. during the hysteria that gripped his country after the French Revolution. Sci. Amer., 1954,

IgI: no. 4, 68-73, 3 fig.

WOOLF, HARRY. Transits of Venus: a study in the organization and practice of eighteenth- century science. Isis, 1955, 46: 284.

d. Earth scienwes

(geology, crystallography, geography, oceanography, paleontology, mineralogy, cartography,

travel and exploration)

ALMAGIA, ROBERTO. Vincenzo Coronelli (i65o-i7i8). Zur ErBffnung der "Mostra Coronelliana," Venedig, Mai 1950. (Coro- nelli-Weltbund der Globusfreunde -Societas Coronelliana Amicorum Globorum, Publika- tion No. i.) pp. 13-27. Wien: Der Globus- freund, 1952.

BAGROW, LEO. Semyon Remezov -a Sibe- rian cartographer. Imago mundi, 1954, II:

111-125, 5 maps (3 folded in).

BIREMBAUT, A. Les preoccupations des min- eralogistes francais au i8e siecle. Act. Congr. Luxembourg, 72nd Session de l'Association pour l'Avancement des Sciences, Juillet 1953,

PP. 534-538.

CHALLINOR, J. The early progress of British geology. II: From Strachey to Michell, i7ig- I788. Ann. Sci., 1954, zO: 1-19. Part III: From Hutton to Playfair. Ibid., 107-148, 3 pI.

CLARK, WILLIAM BELL. A Franklin post- script to Captain Cook's voyages. Libr. Bull. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1954, 400-405.

DUFRENOY, MARIE-LOUISE; JEAN DU- FRENOY. Benoit de Maillet as precursor to the theory of evolution. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 667-672. Also in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: I6I-I67.

EYLES, V. A. A bibliographical note on the earliest printed version of James Hutton's Theory of the earth, its form and date of publication. J. Soc. Bibl. nat. Hist., 1955, 2: io5-io8, 2 fig.

GARBOE, AXEL. Nicolaus Steno (Niels Sten- sen) and Erasmus Bartholinus. Two I7th century Danish scientists and the foundation of exact geology and crystallography. Danm. geol. Unders. (Geological Survey of Den- mark), 1954, 3: I-48, 12 fig., 2 p1.

GERSHTEIN, JtO. Mikhail Ivanovich Makhaev (i7i6-i770). 31 pp. Moskva, 1952. Rcviewed in Imago mundi, 1954, II: I8o.

HAARDT, ROBERT. La decouverte de I'Amerique sur les globes du seiziSme siNcle. Studi Colombiani (Genova), 1951, I: 197- 205.

HOOYKAAS, R. The species concept in i8th century mineralogy. Act. Congr. int. Hist. SCi., 1953, 6: 458-468.

KEUNING, JOHANNES. Nicolaas Witsen as a cartographer. Imago mundi, 1954, II: 95- I I0, port., i map folded in, i fig.

LEGEAR, CLARA EGLI. The New England coasting pilot of Cyprian Southack. Imago mundi, 1954, II: 137-144, I facs., i fig., i pl.

LENOBLE, ROBERT. La geologie au milieu du XVII0 siecle. (Les conferences du Palais de la Decouverte, Histoire des sciences, Serie D, no. 27.) Paris: Universite de Paris, 1954.

MILKOV, F. N.; R. I. RYCHKOV. Zhizn' i geograficheskiye trudy (P. I. Rychkov, his life and geographical works). 144 pp. Mos- kav, 1953.

Reviewed in Imago mundi, 1954, II: i8o-I8i.

PARDUBICKA, PANSTVf i688. Facsimile mapy Jirino Matouge Vischera. Praha, 1948. Reviewed in Imago mundi, 1954, II: i8i.

RODOLICO, F. Cristalli di quarzo descritti da Nicola Stenone. Riv. Stor. Sci. med. nat., 1955, 46: i-6.

SCHERZ, GUSTAV. Niels Stensens Smarag- dreise. Centaurus, 1955, 4: 51-57.

SCHNEER, CECIL. The rise of historical geology in the seventeenth century. Isis, 1954, 45 256-268.

SEIFERT, HANS. Mineralogie und Geologie in Goethes Lebenswerk. Philos. nat., 1952, 2:

72-99.

SEIFERT, HANS. Nicolaus Steno als Bahn- brecher der modernen Kristallographie. Sud- hoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 29-47, 9 fig.

THOMPSON, H. R. The geographical and geological observations of Bernard Palissy the potter. Ann. Sci., 1954, zO: 149-I65.

WROTH, LAWRENCE C. An unknown Champlain map of i6i6. Imago mundi, 1954, zz: 85-94, 8 fig.



37. I7TH & I8TH CENTURIES (BIOLOGY) 323 e. Biological scienees

(zoology, botany, anatomy, physiology, physical anthropology; also applied biology, includ-

ing certain aspects of agriculture, such as plant and animal breeding, economic

entomology, etc.)

BAKER, JOHN R. Abraham Trembley of Geneva -scientist and philosopher, I7I0- 1784. XiX + 259 pp. London: Edward Arnold and Co., 1952. 35S.

Reviewed by Charles Singer in Nature, 1954,

173: 557-558.

BENASSI, ENRICO. Studi elettrologici e spunti di elettrobiologia in un' opera di Scipione Maffei. Riv. Stor. Sci. med. nat., 1955, 46: 39-64.

BETTS, EDWIN MORRIS (editor). Thomas Jefferson's farm book. With commentary and relevant extracts from other writings. xxxiii + '7 + (552) pp., 14 ill. Princeton: Prince- ton University Press, for the American Phil- osophical Society, 1953. $I5.00; 120S.

Reviewed by Conway Zirkle in lsis, 1954, 45: 402-403; by Carl Bridenbaugh in Sci. Mon., 1954, 79: 6o-6i; by E. John Russell in Nature, 1954,

174: 415-4i6.

BROWN, SANBORN C. Count Rumford on photosynthesis. Daedalus, 1955, 86: 43-46.

CAMERON, HECTOR CHARLES. Sir Joseph Banks, the autocrat of the philosophers. xx + 34' pp., 9 pL. London: The Batchworth Press, 1952. 25S.

Reviewed by I. Bernard Cohen in Isis, 1954, 45: 215-2I8.

CONTANT, JEAN-PAUL. L'enseignement de la chimie au Jardin royale des Plantes de Paris. 136 pp., 7 pl. Cahors; Imprimerie Coueslant, 1952.

Reviewed by M. Daumas in Rev. Hist. Sci., I954, 7: 94-95. CORTI, A. Omero sapeva quel che il Redi

dimostro. Riv. Stor. Sci. med. nat., 1954, 45: 114-135.

DE BEER, Sir GAVIN. Jean-Jacques Rous- seau: botanist. Ann. Sci., 1954, I0: 192-223,

3 fig.

ENGEL, H. The species concept of Linnaus. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 58I-59I.

EYLES, JOAN M. John Ray, F.R.S. (I627-

1705) Nature, 1955, 175: 103-l08.

GALVANI, LUIGI. Effects of electricity on muscular motion. Translated by Margaret Glover Foley. 1I76 pp., ill., pL. Norwalk, Conn.: Burndy Library, 1954. $6.oo. Reviewed by William R. Amberson in Science,

I955, I2I: 389.

GEROCARNI, BRUNO. Su una lettera inedita del 6 gennaio I679 di Marcello Malpighi a B. Capucci, medico e naturalista calabrese. Rass. Clin. Terap. (Roma), 1952, z8: no. 3, 3 pp.

GOERKE, HEINZ. Die Beziehungen Hallers zu Linne. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 367-377.

GUMMERE, RICHARD M. William Bartram, a classical scientist. Class. J., 1955, 50: I67- 170.

HARRISON, THOMAS P. Birds in the moon. Isis, 1954, 45: 323-330-

KILGOUR, FREDERICK G. William Harvey's use of the quantitative method. Yale J. Biol. Med., 1954, 26: 410-421.

KLEINE, H. 0. Der Untergang der Goethe- Sippe im Lichte der modernen Blutmerkmal- Forschung. vii + 67 pp., 5 Abb. Kart. Stutt- gart: Enke, 1954. DM 6.40. Reviewed by Herbert Elbel in SudhobFs Arch.,

1955, 39: 94. LAMBERT, AUDREY M. The agriculture of

Oxfordshire at the end of the i8th century. Agricul. Hist., 1955, 29: 31-37.

LASTRES, J. B. El pensamiento cientifico- natural en el Per(u a fines del siglo XVIII. Scientia, 1955, 49: 8I-88.

LIEBER, HANS. Kants Philosophie des Organ- ischen und die Biologie seiner Zeit. Philos. nat., 1950, Z: 553-570.

LOUIS, A. Critische Beschouwingen bij de Dodoens-Brief van 26 November 1583. Meded. vlaamse Acad. Ki. Wet., 1954, z6: 3-29, 4 pL. (facs.)

McATEE, W. L. The North American birds of Virginia chroniclers, 1588-I686. J. Soc. Bibl. nat. Hist., 1955, 2: 92-101.

MADDISON, R. E. W. and MADDISON, RAYMOND E. Spring Grove, the country house of Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., P.R.S. Notes roy. Soc. Lond., 1954, 2: 91-99, 2 fig.

MARCHAND, JOHN FELIX; HEBBEL, ED- WARD HOFF. Felice Fontana: the laws of irritability. A literal translation of the memoir De irritabilitatis legibus, i767; added material from Ricerche filosofiche sopra la fisica animale, I775; and collation of these editions with the E. G. B. Hebenstreit Ger- man translation, I785. J. Hist. Med., i955, IO: 197-206, I pl. 302-326, 3 fig., 399-420.

[MAUPERTUIS] Glass, Bentley. Maupertuis and the Beginnings of Genetics. Quart. Rev. Biology, 1947, 22: I96-210.

The author analyses Maupertuis' contribution to the early knowledge of heredity and definitely se- cures his place as an important pre-Mendelian genetic experimenter. He is credited with formu-



324 37. 17TH & I8TH CENTURIES (BIOLOGY -MEDICINE)

lation of a particulate theory of inheritance that im- plied segregation, independent assortment and domi- nance; and "a theory of organic evolution based upon mutation, natural selection and geographic isolation." E. M.

MOESCHLIN-KRIEG, BEATRICE. Zur Ge- schichte der Regenerationsforschung im i8. Jahrhundert. 87 pp. (Basler Veroff. Gesch. Med. Biol., Fasc. i.) Basel: Benno Schwabe & Co., 1953. This important monograph is divided into two

parts, (i) Die Forscher und ihre Experimente, which discusses the work of Reaumur, August R6sel von Rosenhof, Jakob Christian Schaffer, Abraham Trembley, Charles Bonnet, Otto Friedrich Muller, and Lazzaro Spallanzani, and ends with an account of Die Versuche verschiedener Forscher an weiteren Tierarten (Abbe Jacques-Franqois Dicque- mare, M. de Badier, Joh. Aug. Ephraim Goeze, Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet, and George Shaw.) The second part, Die Theorien ilber die Regeneration und die Interpretation der Regenerationsversuche, is divided into four parts: Epigenesis -Evolution; Erklarung der Regeneration durch die Evolutionisten (stressing the theories of Reaumur and Bonnet); Erklirungen der Regeneration aus dem gegnerischen Lager (Turberville Needham, Hermann Samuel Reimarus, Joh. Friedrich Blumenbach, Jerome Des- lisle), followed by a general conclusion. There is a bibliography of primary and secondary sources and an index of names. I. B. C. OYE, E. L. VAN. Anthoni van Leeuwenhoek

en het bloed. Meded. vlaamse Acad. Ki. Wet., 1952, I4: 1-20.

ROBINSON, ERIC. Erasmus Darwin's Botanic garden and contemporary opinion. Ann. Sci., 1954s IO: 314-320, 2 p1.

ROBYNS, W. Bij de Twee Honderdste Ver- jaring van C. Linnaeus Species Plantarum 1753-1953. Meded. vlaamse Acad. Ki. Wet., 1953, IS: 1-14-

ROCHOT, B. Maupertuis et la biologie. Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: 6o-8o.

ROSTAND, JEAN. Montesquieu (I689-1755) et la biologie. Rev. Hist. Sci., I955, 8: 129- 136.

SCHURER, H. Vicente Cervantes [1759-I829] and the Spanish contribution to early rubber science. Rubber J., 23 April 1955, pp. 523- 527.

Apropos of the director of the Royal Botanical Expedition in I786.

SINGER, CHARLES. The first English mi- croscopist: Robert Hooke (I635-1703). En- deavour, 1955, I4: 12-I8, I5 fig.

StYHEYL t7NVER, A. Illuminator and flower artist, Ali t4skildari [i698?-1764?], and his works. (In Turkish, with summary in Eng- lish.) Istanbul: Tege Laboratuvari Yayinlar- indan No. 6, 1954. 7 full-p. ill.

TURBAYNE, COLIN M. Berkeley and Moly- neux on retinal images. J. Hist. Ideas, 1955,

z6: 339-355.

WEYLAND, HERMANN. Goethes Urpflanze im Licht der modernen Stammesgeschichte. Eine Betrachtung uiber die Wandlung des Entwicklungsgedankens. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 219-233, 9 Abb.

WOODGER, J. H. An analysis of Harvey's De motu cordis et sanguinis. In Biology and language, an introduction to the methodology of the biological sciences including medicine. The Tarner Lectures 1949-1950 (Cambridge: at the University Press, 1952), pp. 75-92, 2 fig., App. A.

Uf. Sciences of man]

g. Medicine and the medical sciences

BEALL, OTHO T., Jr.; RICHARD H. SHRY- OCK. Cotton Mather. First significant figure in American medicine. (Publications of the Institute of the History of Medicine, ist series: Monographs, 5.) ix + 241 pp., front port. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, I'954. $4.00. Reviewed by Donald Fleming in Isis, 1955, 46:

374-376; by George Rosen in Z. Hist. Med., I955, ro: 442-444.

BEEKMAN, FENWICK. A report of a case of gunshot wound of the chest by John Hunter and others. J. Hist. Med., 1954, 9: 238-240.

BEEKMAN, FENWICK. Teacher and pupil: the brothers William and John Hunter from 1748 to i76o. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28:

501-514.

BELL, WHITFIELD J., Jr. Physicians and politics in the Revolution: the case of Adam Kuhn, with a note on Philip Turpin. Trans. Coll. Phycns. Phila., 1954, 22: 25-31, 2 p1.

BELLONI, LUIGI; DOROTHY M. SCHUL- LIAN. Una autobiografia (I735) di Carlo- Francesco Cogrossi (i682-1769) nel suo epis- tolario con G. M. Mazzuchelli. Riv. Stor. Sci. med. nat., 1954, 45: 105-113.

BICHAT, XAVIER. Recherches physiologiques sur la vie et la mort. Facsimile of the edition of i8oo. (Les Maftres de la Pens6e Scien- tifique.) Edited by Maurice Solovine. xx + 372 pp. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1955. I500

fr. One must first mention in giving a notice of this

facsimile that there are slight discrepancies between the cover which states that it is a facsimile of the edition of I796, the title-page which says it is a "facsimile de l'edition de i8oo," and the facsimile itself which indicates that the "troisieme Edition" was used which was actually published at Paris "An



3 7. I 7TH & I 8TH CENTURIES (MEDICINE) 325

XIII. - 1805"1 This bewildering confusion, however, casts no shadow on the brief but excellent biographical preface by Dr. Solovine. Beyond the seven- page preface there are no detailed annotations of the text itself.

The meteoric career of young Bichat began at Thoirette in the Jura on 14 November I77I; he died thirty years later at Paris on 22 July I802. A student of the eminent surgeon, Pierre-Joseph Desault, who died in 1785, Bichat may be said to have bridged the gap in morbid anatomy between Morgagni, whose memorable book, Dc sedibus et causis de morborum, had appeared in 176I, and the pathological studies of Jean Cruveilhier (I835) and Rudolf Virchow (i 863). The Recherches physiologiques sur la vie et la mort dealt with organ pathology and Bichat made a serious attempt to correlate symptoms of disease in life with pathological findings after death. The book has always been regarded as an important landmark in the history of medicine because, unlike Morgagni and to a certain extent unlike Cruveilhier and Virchow, Bichat thought in terms of basic physiology and he also appealed to physics and chemistry in drawing his conclusions.

Since all three editions of Bichat's book are rare, this facsimile will be of immediate value to students of both pathology and general medicine. J. F. F.

BLAKE, JOHN B. An unrecorded Jenner im- print. J. Hist. Med., 1954, 9: 233-234.

BLOCK, EDWARD A. Milton's gout. Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: 20I-2II.

BROCKBANK, WILLIAM; 0. R. CORBETT. De Graaf's "Tractatus de clysteribus." J. Hist. Med., I954, 9: I74-I90, 9 fig.

BROWNE, Sir THOMAS. Religio medici. A new edition with biographical and critical introduction by Jean-Jacques Denonain. xxii + I02 pp. Cambridge: at the University Press, I955. $1.75.

Denonain's text was first published in a crtical edition in 1953. The present edition includes the same text established by Denonain, but printed in a smaller format without the many textual notes of that first edition. There is now added an introduction discussing the formative years of Browne, the composition and publication of the Religio medici, and a discussion of Browne as thinker and writer.

I. B. C. BUESS, HEINRICH. Die Anfange der patho-

logischen Physiologie auf dem Gebiet der Kreislaufforschung nach Albrecht Hallers Ele- menta physiologiae (I756/I760). Gesnerus, I954, II: I2I-I5I.

BYRNE, JOHN J. Dr. Francis Home [I7I9-

i8131 and puerperal sepsis. New Engl. J. Med., 1954, 25Z: 440-442.

CAULFIELD, ERNEST. Some common diseases of colonial children. Pub. Colonial Soc. Mass. Trans. Z942-I946, 1951, pp. 4-65, ill.

CLARK, SYDNEY P. Franklin's hospital, our hospital and the hospital of the future. J. Franklin Inst., 1956, 26z: 93-99.

COGROSSI, CARLO FRANCESCO. Nuova idea del male contagioso de Buoi. (Milan, I7I4.) pp. i-liii + pp. I-33, 3 pl. Publie i l'occasion du VI' Congres international de Microbiologie (Rome, septembre 1953), par la section lombarde de la Societ6 italienne de Microbiologie. Reviewed by J. Theodorids in Rev. Hist. Sci.,

I955, 8: 94-96.

COPE, sm ZACHARY. William Cheselden, I688-I752. Viii + 112 pp., 14 pl. Edinburgh: Livingstone, 1953. $4.50. 20S.

Reviewed by Lloyd G. Stevenson in 1. Hist. Med., 1955, 10: 247-248; by W. R. Le Fanu in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 219.

COUVREUR, ALBERT. La pharmacie et la th6rapeutique au XVIII. siecle, vues a travers le Journal Encyclopedique de Pierre Rous- seau, A Bouillon. 2 vol., 410 + 490 pp., I0

ill. Paris: Vigot Freres, 1953.

Reviewed by George Urdang in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 391-392; by Ch. Bedel in Rev. Hist. Sc.1 1954, 7: 193-194.

DEWHURST, KENNETH. Sydenham on "a dysentery." Bull. Hist. Med., 1955, 29: 393- 400.

DOBSON, JESSIE M. John Hunter and the Byron family. J. Hist. Med., I955, W0: 333- 335; 369-378, i pl.

DODDS, Sir CHARLES. Christopher Merrett, F.R.C.P. (I6I4-I695), first Harveian librarian. (Proc. roy. Soc. Med., I954, 47: I053-

I056.

DULIEU, LOUIS. La vie m6dicale et chirurgi- cale i Montpellier du I2 aofkt 1792 au 14 frimaire an III. Rev. Hist. Sci., I955, 8: 38-52; I46-i69.

DUVEEN, DENIS F.; HERBERT S. KLICK- STEIN. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier's contribution to medicine and public health. Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: I64-I79.

DUVEEN, DENIS I.; HERBERT S. KLICK- STEIN. Note on the French translation of Howard's "State of the Prisons." J. Hist. Med., 1955, Wo: 114-116, I fig.

ECKERT, HELMUT. Ein unbekanntes Bildnis Franz Anton Mesmers. Gesnerus, I955, Z2:

44-46, 2 port.

FERRIO, LUIGI. Un pioniere dell'assistenza psichiatrica, Giuseppe Daquin. Riv. Stor. Sci. med. nat., 1954, 45: 156-171.

FERTIG, HENRY H. Josiah Wedgwood, medallions, and physicians. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 127-139, I0 p1.

FLEMING, DONALD. William Harvey and the pulmonary circulation. Isis, 1955, 46:

319-327.



326 37. I 7TH & I8TH CENTURIES (MEDICINE)

FORSTER, LEONARD. Zum Studium der Medizin in Basel: Die Stimme eines Studenten aus dem Jahre i668. Gesnerus, 1955, Z2:

37-43.

FRANCIS, W. W.; LLOYD G. STEVENSON. Three unpublished letters of Edward Jenner. J. Hist. Med., 1955, zO: 359-368.

FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN. Some account of the Pennsylvania Hospital. Printed in facsimile, with an introduction by I. Bernard Cohen. xxx + 40 pp. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, I954. $3.25.

Reviewed by Whitfield J. Bell, Jr., in Isis, I955, 46: 77-78; by Henry R. Viets in Bull. Hist. Med., 1955, 29: 286-287.

GRMEK, Mirko Drazen. Santorio Santorio. Istarski Lijecnik. 84 pp., I3 pL. Zagreb: Yugoslavenska Akademija Znanosti i Umjet- nosti, I952.

Reviewed by John F. Fulton in J. Hist. Mcd., I954, 9: 386-387. HINTZSCHE, ERICH. Manuscriptum Alberti

Halleri ad historiam medicinae pertinens (Deutung des Manuscriptes A 96 der Burger- bibliothek Bern). Centaurus, I954, 3: 2II-

22I.

HUARD, P.; M. DURAND. Lan-Ong et la medecine Sino-Vietnamienne. Bull. Soc. Etudes Indochinoises, I953, 28: 22I-293.

Reviewed by R. Hoepli in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I954, 33: 383-385.

JARCHO, SAUL. Cadwallader Colden as a student of infectious disease. Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: 99-II5.

[JENNER, EDWARD] Inokulation und Vac- cination zum Gedaichtnis Edward Jenners, geb. I7. Mai I749. Nr. 48, Liste 32. Zurich: K. A. Ziegler, Buchantiquariat, n.d.

KEEVIL, J. J. The illness of Charles, Duke of Albany (Charles I), from i6oo to I6I2. An historical case of rickets. J. Hist. Med., I954,

9: 407-4I9-

KEYNES, G. A bibliography of the writings of Dr. William Harvey, I575-I657. 2nd ed., rev. xiv + 79 pp., 8 pL. Cambridge: at the University Press, I953. 50S. Reviewed by Walter Pagel in Arch. int. Hist. Sci.,

I954, 33: I02-Io3.

KILGOUR, FREDERICK G. William Har- vey's use of the quantitative method. Yale J. Biol. Med., I954, 26: 410-42I.

LEPINE, PIERRE. Franklin and the uncon- quered fields of medicine. J. Franklin Inst., I956, 26I: IOI-IO6.

LESKY, ERNA. Cabanis und die Gewissheit der Heilkunde. Gesnerus, I954, I : I52-I82.

LESKY, ERNA. Johann Peter Frank als Or- ganisator des medizinischen Unterrichts. Sud- hoffs Arch., I955, 39: 1-29.

LINDEBOOM, G. A. Boerhaaves Krankheiten. Sudhoffs Arch., 1955, 39: i6l-I77.

MALONEY, WILLIAM J. George and John Armstrong of Castleton, two eighteenth-century medical pioneers. xii + ii6 pp., il. Edinburgh-London: E. & S. Livingstone Ltd., I954. $4.00. Reviewed by Genevieve Miller in 1. Hist. Med.,

I955, I0: 348-350.

MARTIN, M. ELAINE. A KUppel-Feil syn- drome in the artistic works of William Blake. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 270-27I, I pL.

MEIKLEJOHN, A. P. The curious obscurity of Dr. James Lind. J. Hist. Med., I954, 9: 304-3I0.

MILLER, GENEVIEVE. The adoption of in- oculation for smallpox in England and France. Isis, I955, 46: 284.

MILT, BERNHARD. Franz Anton Mesmer und seine Beziehungen zur Schweiz. Magie und Heilkunde zu Lavaters Zeit. (Mitteilun- gen der Antiquarischen Gesellschaft in Zur- ich, Band 38, Heft I.) iii + I39 pp. ZUrich: Druck Leemann A Co., 1953. Sw. fr. 7. Reviewed by George Rosen in 1. Hist. Med., I954,

9: 384-385; by H. Fischer in Gesnerus, I954, II:

50-5I.

MORA, GEORGE. The psychiatric contributions of Vincenco Chiarugi (I759-I820). Bull. Isaac Ray med. Libr., I954, 2: 5I-I04.

From the interesting evidence presented by Dr. Mora, it clearly appears that Vincenco Chiarugi (Florence) was a pioneer in the modern hospitaliza- tion of mental patients. After training in Florence, Chiarugi was appointed to take charge of the St. Bonifacio Hospital in that city, which opened in I789 with 120 patients. He at once instituted regulations designed to develop sympathetic understanding of the troubles of mental patients, with an effort at gentleness in therapy. Chiarugi's psychiatric contributions were summarized in his Trattato della pazzia (Firenze: Carlieri, I793-I794, 3 vols.).

C. D. L. MULTHAUF, ROBERT. Van Helmont's ref-

ormation of the Galenic doctrine of digestion. Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: I54-I63.

OBERHOFFER, M. Goethes Krankenge- schichte. Goethes Krankheiten nach seinen eigenen Aufzeichnungen und nach Aeusser- ungen seiner Zeitgenossen. (Heilkunde und Geisteswelt, eine medizinhistorische Schriften- reihe, Bd. I.) I44 pp. Hannover: Schmorl & von Seefeld Nachf., I949. DM 5.50.

OLDHAM, J. B. Two eighteenth century Liv- erpool surgeons -Park and Alanson. Proc. roy. Soc. Med., 1954, 47: I056-I058.



37. 17TH & I8TH CENTURIES (MEDICINE -TECHNOLOGY) 327

PAZZINI, ADALBERTO. Unver6ffentliche Manuskripte Morgagnis in der Biblioteca Laurenziana von Florenz. Sudhoffs Arch., I955, 39: 236-240.

PECK, T. WHITMORE; K. DOUGLAS WIL- KINSON. William Withering of Birmingham, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. viii + 239 pp., front., 52 pL., bibliography, app., end map. Bristol: John Wright & Sons, Ltd.; London: Simpkin Marshall, Ltd.; Baltimore: Williams & Wil- kins, 1950. 2IS. $4.50.

Reviewed by Robert E. Schofield in Msis, I955, 46: 376-377. PHEAR, D. N. Thomas Dover, I662-I742.

Physician, privateering captain, and inventor of Dover's powder. J. Hist. Med., I954, 9: I39-I56, 4 fig.

PICCINI, SERGIO. Giovanni Battista Mon- teggia (I762-I8I5) illustre medecin de l'H8pi- tal "Maggiore" de Milan, est le premier de- scripteur de la paralysie infantile (poliomye- lite anterieure aigue). Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., I953, 6: 690-694, 2 pL. Also in: Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I954, 33: 298-302, 2 pI.

PISS-POT SCIENCE. J. Hist. Med., I955, o0: I2I-I23, I fig. Apropos of The pisse-prophet on certaine pisse-pot

lectures (London i 637), "a vigorous attack against medical quackery" by Tho. Brian, M.D.

POYNTER, F. N. L.; BISHOP, W. J. A seventeenth century doctor and his patients: John Symcotts, 1592 ?-I662. XXXiV + I26 pp., ill. Streatley, Bedfordshire: Bedfordshire Histori- cal Record Society, vol. 3I, I95I. Members, ? i:is; non-members, ? I:5s. Reviewed by H. P. Tait in Bull. Hist. Med., I954,

28: 89-90.

ROOSEBOOM, MARIA. Wedgwood medallion of Petrus Camper. Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: 553, I pl.

ROSS, JAMES A.; HUGH W. Y. TAYLOR. Robert Knox's catalogue. J. Hist. Med., I955, IO: 269-276, 7 fig.

RUSSELL, K. F. The osteographia of William Cheselden [I688-i752]. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 32-49, port., 6 pl.

SCHADEWALT, HANS. Die Kinderheilkunde bei Giovanni Battista Morgagni. Sudhoffs Arch., 1955, 39: 241-260.

SCHOEPS, Prof. La vie et l'oeuvre de Gump- ertz Levison, savant juif du i8e siecle. Rev. Hist. Mid. hibr., 1955, 8: 133-142.

STEVENSON, LLOYD G. The elder Spence, William Combe, and John Hunter. Side- lights on eighteenth-century dentistry and Hunter's Natural history of the human teeth. J. Hist. Med., I955, I0: 182-196, 3 pl.

SUTERMEISTER, HANS MARTIN. Schiller als Arzt. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der psychosomatischen Forschung. Berner Beitr. Med. Naturw., Nr. I3, I955. 67 pp.

SZCESNIAK, BOLESLAW. John Floyer and Chinese medicine. Osiris, I954, II: I27-I56,

3 fig.

TALLMADGE, G. KASTEN. Caecilius Folius [i6I5-i650] on the circulation. 3 figs. Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: I5-3I.

TUTZKE, DIETRICH. Die Anatomie zu Be- ginn des i8. Jahrhunderts im Lichte von [Johann Heinrich] Heuchers "Ignorantia ana- tomicorum." Sudhoffs Arch., I955, 39: I44- I56.

h. Technology

(includes engineering, mining, mechanical inventions, horology, arts and crafts, military

technology, agricultural technology)

CHAPUIS, ALBERT. A.-L. Breguet [I775-?] pendant la Revolution franqaise. I22 pp. Paris: Dunod; Neuchatel: Griffon, I953. 3,650 fr. Reviewed by M. Daumas in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954,

7: 292-293.

DAUMAS, MAURICE; TRESSE, RENE. La Description des Arts et Mdtiers de l'Academie des Sciences et le sort de ses planches gravees en taille douce. Rev. Hist. Sci., I954, 7: I63-I7I.

FRUMKIN, M. Les anciens brevets d'invention. Les pays du continent europeen au XVIIe siecle. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., I953, 6: 624-632. Also in: Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I954, 33: 3I5-323.

LINDROTH, STEN. Christopher Polhem och Stora Kopparberget. Ett bidrag till bergsme- kanikens historia. (Christopher Polhem [i66I-I75I] and the Great Copper Moun- tain. A contribution to the history of mining mechanics.) Mit deutscher Zusammenfas- sung. 234 pp., ill. Uppsala, I95I. Reviewed by Axel Garboe in Centatirtts, 1955,

4: 82-83. LONGO, LUIGI. La fabrication du papier

d'amiante en Italie au XVII? si6cle. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 6o7-6o8.

McCLOY, SHELBY T. French inventions of the eighteenth century. viii + 212 pp. Lex- ington: University of Kentucky Press, 1952.

$4.50. "The purpose of this book is to set forth an

account of French inventive activity during the I 700's and to give the reader a clearer idea of what the French were doing prior to and during the period when the British entered their important Industrial Revolution. Save for the accounts of a



328 37. I7TH& I8TH (MEDICINE) -38. 19TH & 20TH (GENERAL)

few French inventors, like Cugnot, Chappe, Vau- canson, Pinel, and Coulomb, the story of French invention of the eighteenth century is largely unknown. . . . To both Ballot and Figuier I am heavily indebted for information. It is not my aim to set forth an exhaustive treatise. That would require years of research by one who would have to be an expert in several of the sciences. My more modest design is to survey the whole field and to give a readable account of all the inventions that seem to me worthy of description." POMERANTZ, SIDNEY I. George Washing-

ton and the inception of aeronautics in the young Republic. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1954, 98: 113-138.

ROBINSON, ERIC. Training captains of industry: the education of Matthew Robinson Boulton (I770-i842) and the younger James Watt (I769-I848). Ann. Sci., 1954, IO: 301-

313, i port.

ROUSSEAU, JEAN-JACQUES. Le nouveau Dedale. A reproduction of the first edition with an introduction by members of the staff of the Aeronautics Division, Library of Con- gress. i6 pp. Pasadena: The Institute of Aeronautical History, Inc., n.d.

WEDGWOOD, HENSLEIGH C. Wedgwood -a living tradition. J. chem. Educ., 1955, 32: 630-632.

i. Pseudo-science and paradox (includes natural magic, witchcraft, divination,

alchemy and astrology)

GRAY, RONALD D. Goethe the alchemist. A study of alchemical symbolism in Goethe's literary and scientific work. x + 312 pp., 3 pl. Cambridge: at the University Press, 1952.

$7.00. Reviewed by Heinrich Schneider in Isis, 1954,

45: 117-II9.

OSTACHOWSKI, EMILIAN. Michael Sen- divogius, the Polish alchemist (1556-I636). Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 652-60. Also in: Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 267- 275.

[j. Disciplines ancillary to the history of science]

HS 38. NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES

a. General histories and histories of science; philosophy

ACKERKNECHT, ERWIN H. Rudolf Vir- chow, doctor, statesman, anthropologist. 304 pp., 3 port. Madison: University of Wiscon- sin Press, 1953. $5.00. Reviewed by A. TVtry in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1955,

8: i 88.

BERNAL, J. D. Science and industry in the nineteenth century. Xi + 230 pp., ill. Lon- don: Routledge & Kegan Paul, Ltd., I953. 12S. 6d. Reviewed by Donald Fleming in Isis, 1954, 45:

403-405; by R. Brightman in Nature, 1954, z73:

'39. BUCHLER, JUSTUS (editor). Philosophical

writings of [Charles] Peirce. 386 pp. New York: Dover, I955. $1.95. The original book, issued in 1939, was reviewed

in Isis, 1940, 33: 378. CARRERAS Y ARTAU, TOMAS. Apuntes

sobre la filosofia de las ciencias en Espana y en el siglo XIX. Hom. Milds Vallicrosa, 1954, : 323-345.

CLIFFORD, WILLIAM KINGDOM. The common sense of the exact sciences. Edited and with a preface by Karl Pearson. Newly edited and with an introduction by James R. Newman. Preface by Bertrand Russell. 249 pp. New York: Dover Publications, I955. $I.6o, paper; $3.oo cloth.

DAVIS, RICHARD BEALE. The Abbe Correa in America, I812-I820. The contributions of the diplomat and natural philosopher to the foundations of our national life. Correspond- ence with Jefferson and other members of the American Philosophical Society and with other prominent Americans. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1955, 45: pt. 2, pp. 87-197, 6 pl.

FOOTE, GEORGE A. Science and its function in early nineteenth-century England. Osiris, 1954, Iz: 438-454.

HARRISON, JOHN P. Science and politics: origins and objectives of mid-nineteenth century government expeditions to Latin Amer- ica. Hisp. Amer. Rev., I955, 35: 175-202.

HONIGSHEIM, PAUL. Schelling als Sozial- philosoph und seine Auswirkungen in Deutsch- land. Ein Wort zu seinem Ioo. Todestag. Koln. Z. Soziol., 1953/54, 6: 260-270.

[JAMESON, ROBERT] Robert Jameson and the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh. Nature, 1954, z73: 904.

McCLELLAND, CHARLES W. The popular- ization of science in America, I790-i830. Isis, I955, 46: 56.

MILLHAUSER, MILTON. The Scriptural geologists. An episode in the history of opinion. Osiris, 1I954, I : 65-86.

PACKE, MICHAEL ST. JOHN. The life of John Stuart Mill. With a preface by F. A. Hayek. xvi + 567 pp., front. New York: Macmillan Company, 1954. This exemplary biography of Mill contains in-

formation not found in previous biographies,



38. I9TH & 20TH (GENERAL -MATHEMATICS) 329

largely based on the correspondence of Mill with Harry Taylor (see Isis, 1952, 43: 152). Engagingly written, this book presents an admirable picture of Mill's life and times, and a particularly good account of Mill's work in logic and the philosophy of science. I. B. C.

POINCARE, HENRI. Le libre examen en mati6re scientifique. Rev. Univ. Bruxelles, 1955, no. 2-3, 95-105.

This is a reprint of the text of an address given 2I November I909 in the Salle des Fetes of the Madeleine, here published in honor of the author's seventy-fifth anniversary.

REINHARD, MAURICE. Le grand Carnot: l'organisateur de la victoire, 1792-I823. (Fig- ures du passe.) 392 pp. Paris: Hachette. Reviewed by David L. Dowd in Amer. hist. Rev.,

1954, 6o: 87-88. ROBINSON, ERIC. Thomas Love Peacock:

critic of scientific progress. Ann. Sci., 1954, Io: 69-77, I pl.

SCHOEPS, HANS JOACHIM. Vorliiufer Spenglers Studien zum Geschichtspessimis- mus im I9. Jahrhundert. (Beiheft der Zeit- schrift fur Religions- und Geistesgeschichte, I.) 105 pp. Zweite erweiterte Auflage. Lei- den: E. J. Brill, 1955. 8 guilders.

STANTON, WILLIAM R. Science and the American idea of equality in the early nineteenth century. Isis, 1955, 46: 56.

STRONG, E. W. Whewell vs. J. S. Mill on science. J. Hist. Ideas, 1955, z6: 209-231.

b. Mathematies (works on pure and applied mathematics, including mathematical logic and statistics)

ARCHIBALD, R. C. Location of copies of the early publications of Lobachevsky? Isis, 1954, 45: 199-

AUBRY, PAUL-V. Monge. Le savant ami de Napoleon-Bonaparte (1746-I8I8). Ouvrage publie avec le concours du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. x + 364 pp., Io hors-texte. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1954.

9g0 fr. Reviewed by Jean Itard in Rev. Hist. Sci., I955,

8: 87.

BRUN, VIGGO. Decouverte d'un manuscrit d'Abel. Rev. Hist. Sci., 1955, 8: 103-106.

DANTZIG, TOBIAS. Henri Poincare, critic of crisis. Reflections on his universe of dis- course. xi + 149 pp. New York-London: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1954. $3.50. Reviewed by Raymond J. Seeger in Isis, I955,

46: 380-382.

GAUSS, CARL FRIEDRICH. (1777-I854). Endeavour, 1955, I4: 3-4.

GNEDENKO, B. V. Michail Vasilevik Ostro- gradskij. 332 pp., 3 tabl., Moscou: Gostech- izdat, 1952. Relie 8r. 40 kop. M. V. Ostrogradskij (I80I-I862) fut le fonda-

teur de la glorieuse ecole mathematique russe. I1 a de grands merites, non seulement en tant que mathematicien original, mais aussi de sa grande activite pedagogique et de son influence sur le developpement des mathematiques en Russie. Plu- sieurs de ses inventions mathematiques se trouvent dans les manuels, soit sous les noms des inventeurs etrangers qui les ont decouvertes plus tard, ou sans nom aucun. I1 en resulte que les merites d'Ostrogradskij n'ont pas ete assez appr6cies ni I I'etranger ni en Russie ou pendant le regime im. perial. M. Gnedenko s'efforce de corriger ces er- reurs. I1 a entrepris cette tAche en s'appuyant sur des etudes detaillees de la litterature existante, et sur les manuscrits conserves dans les archives. I1 a &6 aide dans ce travail par l'&diteur du livre, M. G. F. Rybkin et par MM. A. P. JugkeviZ, F. Ja. Remez, I. A. Maron, et F. P. Otradnych. L'auteur divise sa monographie en trois parties: i, Esquisse bio- graphique; 2, L'activite mathematique d'Ostrograd- skij; 3, Son activite pedagogique. A ces chapitres il a ajoute un appen(lice contenant trois memoires d'Ostrogradskij, la liste de ses travaux, un apersu du fond manuscrit d'Ostrogradskij, la description des rapports du gouvernement tzariste relatifs I Ostrogradskij, les documents policiers le concern- ants, et la bibliographie. Ce livre qui decrit si bien l'oeuvre scientifique d'Ostrogradskij et la science de son temps en Russie est orne de beaux portraits et d'autres illustrations. Q. V.

GUGGENBUHL, LAURA. Karl William Feuer- bach, mathematician. Sci. Mon., 1955, 8z: 71-76, 7 fig.

HADAMARD, JACQUES. Le centenaire de Henri Poincar6. Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7: Ioi-Io8.

LE LIONNAIS, F. La contribution de la Grande Bretagne au developpement des sciences mathematiques depuis un siecle. Osiris, 1954, I : 40-49.

PAVLfCEK, J. B. Zaklady neeukleidovske geometrie Lobacevskeho (Les elements de la geometrie non euclidienne de Lobacevskij). 224 pp. Maison editrice des Sciences, 1953. Kcs. 27.20.

Reviewed by Q. Vetter in Arch. int. Hit. Sci., 1954, 33: 356-357.

PELSENEER, JEAN. En marge de l'affaire Chasles. Flambeau, I955, no. 3, 3I1-3I8.

PETERSON, SVEN R. Benjamin Peirce: mathematician and philosopher. J. Hist. Ideas, 1955 z6: 89-II2.

POLUBARINOVA-KOCINA, P. J. Zivot a pusobeni S. V. Kovalevske (La vie et l'activite de S. V. Kovalevskaja). Traduction tcheque per Vaclav Chab. 76 pp. Prague: Osveta, I95I. Kcs. 2.60.



330 38. I9TH & 20TH (MATHEMATICS - PHYSICAL SCIENCES)

Reviewed by Q. Vetter in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 79. TATON, RENE. Une lettre in6dite de Dirichlet.

Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954, 7 172-174.

WHITTAKER, Sir EDMUND. William Rowan Hamilton. This Irish prodigy, master of six languages at 2I, devised the calculus of qua- ternions, now an important tool of modern physics. His life is reviewed by one of his successors as the Royal Astronomer of Ire- land. Sci. Amer., 1954, IgI: 82-84, 4 fig.

c. Physical scences

(astronomy, physics, chemistry)

ANFT, BERTHOLD. Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge: a forgotten chemist of the nineteenth century. Translated by Ralph E. Oesper. J. chem. Educ., I955, 32: 566-574, 4 ill.

[BECQUEREL, HENRI] Conferences pro- noncees a l'occasion du cinquantieme anniversaire de la d6couverte de la radioactivite (Henri Becquerel i896). 55 pp., 5 port., 6 p1., 3 fig. Paris: Mus6um National d'Histoire Naturelle et Ecole Polytechnique, 1946. Contient: "La decouverte de la radioactivite,"

par Jean Becquerel (pp. 3-14, I5 fig.), et "La lignee des Becquerel," par l'Ingenieur General Lamothe (pp. 35-42, 4 p1.).

BILT, J. van der. De grote spiegelkijkers von Roelofs en Rienks. Een episode uit de geschiedenis der Leidse en Utrechtse sterre- wachten (I82I-I846). xi + I83 pp. Leiden: Universitaire Pers Leiden, 1951.

Reviewed by E. J. Dijksterhuis in Centaurus, 1954, 3: 261-262.

CAMPAIGNE, ERNEST. Wohler and the overthrow of vitalism. J. chem. Educ., 1955,

32: 403.

[COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY]. Symposium on pioneers in chemistry at Columbia. Introduc- tory remarks by Louis P. Hammett. Contains articles by Charles Frederick Chandler on Arthur W. Hixson; Marston Taylor Bogert on Donald Price; Henry Clapp Sherman on Edward C. Kendall; and John Maurice Nel- son on Roger M. Herriott. J. chem. Educ., 1955, 32: 498-517.

COULSON, THOMAS. Joseph Henry, his life and work. 352 pp., 7 pl. Princeton: Prince- ton University Press, 1950. $5.00. Reviewed by Alfred Romer in Scr. math., 1953,

19: 253-255-

CRANEFIELD, PAUL F. Clerk Maxwell's corrections to the page proofs of "A dynami- cal theory of the electromagnetic field." Ann. Sci., I954, Z0: 359-362.

CURIE, IRENE JOLIOT (compiler). Oeuvres de Marie Sklodowska Curie. xii + 685 pp., front., many fig. in text. Warsaw: The Polish Academy of Sciences, 1954.

In commemoration of the twentieth anniversary of the death of Marie Sklodowska Curie, the Polish Academy of Sciences had the happy thought of collecting in chronological order all of the original publications of Mme. Curie and several of the joint articles which she wrote in the first years of the development of radio-activity. (Omitted are her many lectures and popular articles.) The first publication, dated I898, deals with "Proprietes mag- n'tiques des aciers tremp's," and the last is a joint article published in 1933, "Sur les rayons & de long parcours emis par le depot actif de l'acti- nium." In a preface Mme. Irene Joliet Curie points out that the original publications of Marie Curie represent only a small part of her achievement, because the laboratory which she created and of which she was the center was the major part of her work; in it were trained almost all the French researchers in the domain of radio-activity and nuclear physics. A supplement in French and in Polish, prepared by Mme. Irene Joliot Curie, is devoted to "Livres ecrits par Marie Curie."

The publication of this work is at once a splendid memorial to Mme. Curie and a greatly to be treasured collection for the student of the history of physics. I. B. C.

DARROW, K. K. The Hall effect. Scientia, 1955, 49: 154-I6I, i fig.

DECHEND, HERTHA von. Justus von Liebig in eigenen Zeugnissen und solchen seiner Zeitgenossen. Mit einem Gelietwort von Pro- fessor Dr. Willy Hartner. 141 pp., 3 pL. Weinheim/Bergstrasse: Verlag Chemie, 1953. Reviewed by Aaron J. Ihde in Isis, 1954, 45:

4o6-407. DRUBBA, H. On the first echo-sounding ex-

periment. Ann. Sci., 1954, IO: 28-32, I pI.

DUVEEN, DENIS I.; HERBERT S. KLICK- STEIN. John Dalton's "Autobiography." J. chem. Educ., 1955, 32: 333-334, I fig.

DUVEEN, DENIS I.; HERBERT S. KLICK- STEIN. John Dalton's autopsy. J. Hist. Med., 1954, 9: 360-362.

HARDIE, D. W. F. The Muspratts and the British Chemical Industry. Endeavour, 1955,

X4: 29-3 3, 2 fig. Five generations of the Muspratt family; special

attention is given to James (1793-I886) and James Sheridan (I82I-I871). C. Z.

HESSE, GERHARD; HERBERT WEIL. Michael Tswett's first paper on chromatography. 35 pp., 2 ill. Eschwege, Germany: M. Woelm, 1954.

HIRSHFELD, MARTIN A. On "Some current misinterpretations of Carnot's Memoir." Amer. J. Phys., 1955, 23: 103-105.



38. I9TH & 20TH CENTURIES (PHYSICAL SCIENCES) 33I

HOLMBERG, ARNE. L. A. Ekmarcks anteck- ningar om Berzelius. Utgivna med inledning och noter. Personhistorisk Tidskrift, 1955, 53: 46-6o.

HOLMBERG, ARNE. Zwei neu entdeckte Ber- zelius-Bildnisse. Naturwissenschaften (Ber- lin), 1954, 4I 413-414. I fig.

HUJER, KAREL. Sesquicentennial of Chris- tian Doppler. Amer. J. Phys., i955, 23: 51-

54, I fig. IVANENKO, D. D.; B. G. KUZNETSOV.

Pamiati Alberta Einshteina. Trudy Instituta Istorii Estestvoznaniia i Tekhniki, Tom 5, Istoriia fizikomatematicheskikh nauk, pp. 3-32, i fig. Moskva: Akademiia Nauk, I955. (In memory of Albert Einstein. Studies of the Institute of Natural Sciences and Tech- nics, Vol. 5, The history of physico-mathematical science.

KAUFFMAN, GEORGE B. Frederic Swarts: pioneer in organic fluorine chemistry. J. chem. Educ., I955, 32: 30I-303.

KENDALL, JAMES. Humphry Davy -"pilot" of Penzance. i66 pp., 7 pl. London: Faber and Faber, I954. IOS 6d. Reviewed by Harold Hartley in Nature, 1954,

174: 96-97.

KENDALL, JAMES. The Alembic Club. En- deavour, I954, I3: 94-96. Organized in 1889 at the University of Edin-

burgh. C. Z. KING, ROLF. E. N. Horsford's contribution

to the advancement of science in America. New York Hist., I955, July, 307-3I8.

KUHN, THOMAS S. Carnot's version of "Carnot's cycle." Amer. J. Phys., I955, 23:

9i-95.

KUHN, THOMAS S. La Mer's version of "Carnot's cycle." Amer. J. Phys., 1955, 23:

387-389. KUZNETSOV, B. G. Elektrodinamika Maks-

vella, ee istoki, razvitie i istoricheskoe znach- enie. (k 75-letiiu so dnia smerti Maksvella.) Trudy Instituta Istorii Estestvoznaniia i Tekhniki, Tom 5, Istoriia fizikomatematicheskikh nauk. pp. I36-i80, port. Moskva: Akademiia Nauk SSSR, i955. (Maxwell's electrodynamics, its origin, growth and historical significance - 75th anniversary of Maxwell's death. Studies of the Institute of the History of Natural Sciences and Technics, Vol. 5, The history of physico-mathematical science.)

LA MER, VICTOR K. Some current misinterpretations of Sadi Carnot's memoir and cycle. Amer. J. Phys., I954, 22: 20-27; i955, 23: 95-I02.

LOCKEMANN, GEORG; RALPH E. OES- PER. Bunsen's transfer from Cassel to Mar- burg. J. chem. Educ., 1955, 32: 456-460, 2 fig.

MacGREGOR-MORRIS, J. T. Sir Ambrose Fleming (Jubilee of the valve). Notes roy. Soc. Lond., 1955, 2: 134-144, portr.

MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK. A treatise on electricity and magnetism. Unabridged 3rd ed. [i8gi]. Two vols. bound as one. xxxii + 5o6 pp., I3 p1., xxiv + 500 pp., 20 p1. New York: Dover Publications, I954. $4.95.

[MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK] The scientific papers of James Clerk Maxwell. Edited by W. D. Niven. xxix + 607 pp. and vii + 8o6 pp. 2 vols. in i. New York: Dover Pub- lications, n.d. $io.oo. Reviewed by Sigmund Beale in Scr. math., 1955,

21: 58-59.

MOON, PARRY; DOMINA EBERLE SPEN- CER. Electromagnetism without magnetism: an historical sketch. Amer. J. Phys., I954, 22:

120-124.

OESPER, RALPH E. Josiah Willard Gibbs. J. chem. Educ., I955, 32: 267-268, I fig.

OKAMOTO, Y. Technical background of the formation of high-molecule chemistry. (In Japanese.) J. Hist. Sci. Japan, I955, no. 33, 22-29.

OSTWALD, GRETE. Wilhelm Ostwald, mein Vater. 290 pp., 8 pL. Stuttgart: Berliner Union, I953. DM 24.

Reviewed by Eduard Farber in Isis, 1954, 45: 405-406.

OSTWALD, WILHELM. Berzelius' "Jahresbe- richt" and the international organization of chemists. Translated by Ralph Oesper. J. chem. Educ., I955, 32: 373-375.

PAPP, DESIDERIO. Cuil es el origen gnose- ologico de la teoria atomica de Dalton? Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., 1953, 6: 564-580.

PARTINGTON, J. R. Dalton's atomic theory. Scientia, I955, 49: 22I-225.

PARTINGTON, J. R. William Higgins, chemist (1763-I825). Nature, I955, z76: p. 8 ff. (4 PP.)

PLUM, WILLIAM B. The Michelson Mu- seum. Amer. J. Phys., I954, 22: I77-I8I, 3 fig.

POUPART, H. Chevreul i la recherche de la verite. Mem. de IlAcad. des Sc., BL. et Arts d'Angers, 1951-1952, 5-6: 112-129.

Reviewed by P. Delaunay in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 75-76.



332 38. I9TH & 20TH (PHYSICAL SCIENCES - EARTH)

REILLY, DESMOND. Robert John Kane (I809-I890): Irish chemist and educator. J. chem. Educ., I955, 32: 404-406, I fig.

ROSEN, SIDNEY. A history of the physics laboratory in the American public high school (to I9I0). Amer. J. Phys., I954, 22: I94-204.

SCHIMANK, HANS. Hundert Jahre Teilchen- natur der Elektrizitat. Strahlentherapie, I955, 97: I6 pp.

SEMENSTOV, ANATOL. The eightieth anniversary of the asymmetrical carbon atom. Amer. Sci., I955, 43: 97-I0O.

SIEGFRIED, ROBERT. A study of American chemical research before I876. Isis, I955, 46: 56.

SOOTIN, HARRY. Michael Faraday. From errand boy to master physicist. i8o pp. New York: Julian Messner, I954. $2.95. A fictional biography for young people.

SOURKES, THEODORE L. Moritz Traube, I826-I894: his contribution to biochemistry. J. Hist. Med., I955, ZO: 379-39I, I pI.

VAN DE VELDE, A. J. J. Het leven en het werk van J. B. Van Mons, I765-I842. Meded. vlaamse chem. Ver., I953, I5: I98-206.

VAN DE VELDE, A. J. J. Humphry Davy [I778-I829] en Michael Faraday [I79I- I867]. Meded. vlaamse chem. Ver., I954, z6: 148-i57.

VAN DE VELDE, A. J. J. Jean Servais Stas. Meded. vlaamse chem. Ver., I952, I4: 98-I04.

VAN DE VELDE, A. J. J. Prof. Albert Reych- ler, I854-I938, op de iooste Verjaring van zijn Geboorte herdacht: 6 Mei I854. Meded. vlaamse Acad. Ki. Wet., I954, z6: 3-42, front., chart.

VAN DE VELDE, A. J. J. Vijf Groten in I852

geboren (Becquerel, Fischer, Moissan, Ram- say, Van't Hoff). Meded. vlaamse Acad. Ki. Wet., I952, z4: I-I5.

WATANABE, MASAO. On the establishment of the law of conservation of energy-especially in relation to a certain preceding historical conception. (In Japanese, with English summary.) Essays & Stud. (Tokyo Woman's Christian College), I953, 4: 45-56; I954, 5: I-I6.

WATSON, E. C. The discovery of the Zeeman effect. Amer. J. Phys., I954, 22: 633-635, 3 fig.

WEIL, HERBERT. Die Anfange der Chroma- tographie. Chemikerztg., I954, 78: 4I9-424;

496-499. "It is not possible to give a definite date to the

beginning of the history of chromatology. The

material came from many sources until it was co- ordinated in the first years of the 20th century."

WHEELER, LYNDE PHELPS. Josiah Wil- lard Gibbs. The history of a great mind. Rev. ed. viii + 270 pp., front., ill. New Haven: Yale University Press, I952. London: Oxford University Press, I952. $4.00. The first edition of this book was reviewed by

D. J. Struik in Isis, 1951, 42: 257-259. An appendix contains "Supplementary sidelights based on newly discovered material."

WILSON, MITCHELL. Joseph Henry. Few scientists conform more to the romantic American notion than this simple man, born in poverty and almost unrecognized in his lifetime, who filled in many electrical discoveries between Franklin and Maxwell. Sci. Amer., I954, I9I: no. I, 72-77, 4 fig.

ZINNER, E. Die Remeis-Sternwarte von I889- I953. Naturforschende Gesellsch. Bamberg, I954, 34 i-8.

d. Earth sciences

(geology, geography, oceanography, paleontology, mineralogy, cartography, travel

and exploration)

BANSE, EWALD. Alexander von Humboldt. (Grosse Naturforscher, Bd. I4.) I46 pp., I0

fig., 2 facs., i table. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftl. Verlagsgesellschaft, I953. DM. io.8o. Reviewed by Emile Janssens in Arch. int. Hist.

Sc:., 1954, 33: 203-205.

DEVOTO, BERNARD (editor). The journals of Lewis and Clark. lii + 504 pp. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, I953. $6.5o. Reviewed by E. Ashby Hammond in Sci. Mon.,

1954, 78: 396-397.

EYLES, V. A. Robert Jameson and the Royal Scottish Museum. Discovery, I954, I5: I55- I62.

MAURICE, ALBERT. Stanley. Lettres inedites. Preface du Major Denzil M. Stanley. 220 pp., I2 pl., front. Bruxelles: Office de Publicite, S. A., i955. SFr. I5o.

STEGNER, WALLACE. Beyond the hun- dredth meridian. John Wesley Powell and the second opening of the West. With an introduction by Bernard DeVoto. xxiii + 438 pp., front., 8 pI., 4 photo., 7 maps. Bos- ton: Houghton Mifflin Company, I954, $6.oo. Reviewed by John Finley Freeman in Isis, 1955,

46: 386-387.

TASCH, PAUL. Search for the germ of Weg- ener's concept of continental drift. Osiris, I954, zz: I57-I67.

TERRA, HELMUT de. Humboldt: The life and times of Alexander von Humboldt, I769-



38. I9TH & 20TH CENTURIES (EARTH - BIOLOGY) 333 I859. xiii + 386 pp., 8 p1., 3 maps. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, i955. $5.75. Reviewed by Erwin H. Ackerknecht in Isis, 1955,

46: 387-388; by Gerhard Masur in Amer. hist. Rev., 1955, 6i: 124-126.

e. Biologieal sciences

(zoology, botany, anatomy, physiology, physical anthropology; also applied biology, including certain aspects of agriculture, such as plant and animal breeding, economic entomology, etc.)

BERNARD, C. Esquisses et notes de travail inedites. Recuefilies et comment&es par L. Binet. xvi + IIo pp., 6 fig. Paris: Masson & Cie., I952. fr. I535.

BLUMENBACH'S LIBRARY. J. Hist. Med., I955, ZO: I23-I24.

BOENHEIM, FELIX. Johann Evangeliste Purkinje. Dtsch. Gesundheitswesen, I954, 9:

4 PP., I fig.

BOENHEIM, FELIX. Matthias Jakob Schlei- den. Dtsch. Gesundheitswesen (Leipzig), I954, 9: 42I-423, I fig.

BOTTGER, HERBERT. t7ber die Retina. Mikroskopisch-anatomische Untersuchungen des Kieler Geburtshelfers G. A. Michaelis (I798-I848). Sudhoffs Arch., I954, 38: 275-

283.

BURNHAM, JOHN C. Lester Frank Ward as natural scientist. Amer. Quart., I954, 6: 259-

265.

CIFERRI, R. The first interspecific wheat hybrids. J. Heredity, I955, 46: 8I-83. The first recognized hybrid was obtained in I807

by Carl Antonio Ludovico Bellardi (I74I-I826),

at the time an assistant professor at the University of Pavia. C. Z.

COLE, R. J. Biographical note on John Sym- mons, F.R.S. Ann. Sci., I954, ZO: 272-273.

DEXTER, RALPH W. Three young natural- ists afield: the first expedition of Hyatt, Shaler, and Verrill. Sci. Mon., I954, 79: 45-5 I, 3 pl.

DODSON, EDWARD 0. Mendel and the rediscovery of his work. Sci. Mon., I955, 8x: no. 4, I87-I95, 4 fig.

DUBOS, RENE J. Louis Pasteur, free lance of science. xii + 418 pp. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., I952. $5.00.

Reviewed by Morris C. Leikind in Isis, I954,

45: 22I-223.

DUVIC, G.-O. Louis Pasteur, l'immortel bien- faiteur. ("Contes et Gestes Heroiques.") I31

pp., 4 pl., ill., par M. Toussaint et A. Chan- son. Paris: Larousse, I953. 365 fr. Reviewed by R. Taton in Rev. Hist. Sci., I954,

7: 290-29I.

EBBECKE, U. Johannes Muller der grosse rheinische Physiologe. Mit einem Neudruck von Johannes Muller Schrift: Ueber die phantastischen Gesichterscheinungen. I92 pp. Hannover: Schmorl & von Seefeld Nachf., I95I. DM 8.50.

EINHOVEN [Willem], EXHIBITION. Isis, I954, 45: 98.

EISELEY, LOREN C. The program of the Darwin Collection in the [University of Pennsylvania] Library. Proc. Amer. phil. SOC., I954, 98: 449-452.

FREDERICQ, LEON, Un pionnier de la physiologie. Volume publie k l'occasion du centenaire de sa naissance. 233 pp., 2I fig. Paris: Masson, "Oeuvres Choisis," I953. I,345 fr. Reviewed by Jean Rostand in Rev. Hist. Sci.,

I954, 7: i88.

FRISON, ED. L'evolution de la partie optique du microscope au cours du dix-neuvieme siecle. Les test objects, les Test-, Probe- et Typen-Platten. (= Communications No. 89 du Rijksmuseum voor de Geschiedenis der Natuurwetenschappen). i68 pp., 23 fig. auf I7 Taf. Leyden: Musee National d'Histoire des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, I954. Reviewed by Friedrich Klemm in Sudhofis Arch.,

I955, 39: I89; by P. H. van Cittert in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 364-365.

HERBER, ELMER C. Spencer Fullerton Baird and the purchase of Alaska. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., I955, 98: I39-I43.

HEYMANS, C. Une lettre de Pasteur. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I955, 34: 24I-242.

ILTIS, ANNE. Gregor Mendel's autobiography. J. Heredity, I954, 45: 23I-234. When Mendel applied for admission to the Uni-

versity of Vienna as a special student (I85I-I853), he submitted a brief holographic vita. Pages 2 and 3 are reprinted in facsimile together with a translation of the whole. C. Z. JOHN, H. J. Jan Evangelista Purkyne, Czech

scientist and patriot (I787-I869). Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., I953, 46: 933-940. Reviewed by P. Delaunay in Arch. int. Hist.

Sci., I954, 33: 209.

LURIE, EDWARD. Louis Agassiz and Ameri- can natural science, I846-I873. Isis, I954, 45: 200.

MANGOLD, OTTO. Hans Spemann. Ein Meinster der Entwicklungsphysiologie, sein Leben und sein Werk. 264 pp., 39 ill. Stutt- gart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagegesellschaft m. b. H., I953. DM I5. Reviewed by George Urdang in Isis, I954, 45:

223-224.

MASSEY, IRVING. A nineteenth-century psycho-pneumatic theory? Isis, I955, 46: 5I-52.



334 38. 19TH & 20TH CENTURIES (BIOLOGY - MAN)

MATHESON, COLIN. Thomas Pennant and the Morris brothers. Ann. Sci., I954, o0: 258-27I, 2 port.

MAURIAC, PIERRE. Claude Bernard. 240 pp. Paris: Grasset, I954. 450 fr. Reviewed by Albert Delaunay in Rev. Hist. Sci.,

I954, 7: x86-I87.

MOORE, RUTH. Charles Darwin, a great life in brief. 206 + vii pp. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, I955. $2.50. A well-written brief biography in which the

main events are clearly described and the major aspects of the original theory of evolution set forth. Will serve admirably for outside-reading assign- ment in history of science courses. I. B. C.

NEWMAN, JAMES R. Francis Galton. The great Victorian scientist had a breadth of outlook which may hold a salutary lesson for our time. He began as a geographer and ended as a psychologist, and in between laid the foundations of modern statistics. Sci. Amer., I954, 190, no. I, 72-76, 3 fig.

NICOLLE, JACQUES. Un maitre de l'enquete scientifique, Louis Pasteur. 224 pp. Paris: Vieux-Colombier, I953. Reviewed by A. Tetry, in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954,

7: x87-I88. PFEIFER, EDWARD J. The reception of

Darwinism in the United States, I859-I880. Isis, I955, 46: 56.

RALLET, L. Un naturaliste Saintongeais: Rene-Primevere Lesson, I794-I849. Ann. Soc. Sci. nat. (Charente-Maritime), I953, 3: 78- I31, port.

RASMUSSEN, WAYNE D. Diplomats and plant collectors: the South American Com- mission I817-I8I8. Agricul. Hist., I955, 29: 22-30.

REHN, JAMES A. G. The John Eatton Col- lection of paintings of insects, arachnids, and myriopods. Libr. BuU. Amer. Philos. Soc., I954, 442-448, 8 fig.

RITTER, WILLIAM EMERSON. Charles Darwin and the golden rule. Compiled and edited by Edna Watson Bailey. xxiv + 400 pp., front. Washington: Science Service; New York: Storm Publishers, I954. $5.00. Reviewed by Ashley Montagu in Isis, 1955, 46:

385-386.

ROSTAND, JEAN. Un precurseur inconnu de Mendel: le pharmacien Coladon. Rev. Hist. Sci., I955, 8: I7I-I73.

STEARN, WILLIAM T. Paxton's Magazine of Botany. J. Soc. Bibl. nat. Hist., I955, 2: I03.

STOMPS, TH. G. On the rediscovery of Mendel's work by Hugo DeVries. J. Heredity, I955, 45: 293-394.

STRESEMANN, ERWIN; PETER THOM- SEN (editors). J. F. Naumanns Briefwechsel mit H. Lichtenstein, I8I8-I856. Acta hist. sci. nat. med., Kbh. (Copenhagen), I954, rr: 74 pp.

THtJER, HANS RUDOLF. Johann Balthasar Luchsinger (I849-I886). Ein wenig bekann- ter Schweizer Physiologe. 80 pp., front., fig. (Basker Veroff. Gesch. Med. Biol., Fasc. 2.) Basel: Benno Schwabe & Co., I953.

VALLERY-RADOT, PASTEUR. Pasteur inconnu. 248 pp. Paris: Flammarion, I954.

450 fr.

VAN DE VELDE, A. J. J. Norbert Cornelissen en zijn Tijd [I769-I849]. Meded. Konink. vlaamse Acad. Taal- en Letterkunde, I952, November, pp. 847-88I.

WELKER, ROBERT HENRY. Birds and men. American birds in science, art, literature, and conservation, i80o-i900. 230 pp., 20 p1. in sepia. Cambridge: Belknap Press of the Har- vard University Press, I955. $5.75. "During the nineteenth century while Americans

consolidated and settled the continental United States they were also learning things that were ex- citingly new and different about the natural world they shared with their animal neighbors, birds in particular. The names of men like Bartram, Peale, Wilson, and Audubon began to be heard outside local American circles, and it soon became apparent that the work they were doing was something quite new and distinctive in the entire history of Western culture.... Sir Walter Scott was among the first to write in praise of Audubon, and Eng- land published the first gigantic subscription volumes of his paintings, so greatly valued today.... Mr. Welker completes the story of the early orni- thologists and painters with an account of the facts and merits of the Wilson-Audubon feud and then proceeds to a discussion of the writers of the period who dealt with birds. Here there are revealing insights into the thinking of Thoreau, Emerson, Whitman, Burroughs, Colonel Higginson, and a small calendar of others, including Margaret Fuller."

f. Scienwes of man

(psychology, cultural anthropology, sociology)

ACKERKNECHT, ERWIN H. George Forster, Alexander von Humboldt, and ethnology. Iszs, I955, 46: 83-95.

CULBERTSON, TH. A. Journal of an expedition to the Mauvaises Terres and the Upper Missouri in I850. Edited by J. Fr. McDer- mott. (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bull. No. I47.) Viii + I64 pp., 2 maps. Washington: U. S. Govern- ment Printing Office, I952. $.75.



38. 19TH & 20TH CENTURIES (MAN - MEDICINE) 335 EISELEY, LOREN C. The reception of the

first missing links. Proc. Amer. phil. Soc., 1954, 98: 453-465.

KROGMAN, W. M. Sherlock Holmes as an anthropologist. Sci. Mon., 1955, 8o: 155-I62.

LURIE, EDWARD. Louis Agassiz and the races of man. Isis, I954, 45: 227-242.

MARTIN, L. Notice sur une lettre ecrite par Florence Nightingale i Adolphe Quetelet [I796-i874] en I872. Rev. A.M.U.B. (Asso- ciation des Medecins sortis de l'Universite Libre de Bruxelles), 195I, 7: i-iI, incl. facsimiles.

STEWART, T. D. An anthropologist looks at Lincoln. 4 plates. Smithsonian Rep., I952,

pp. 4I9-437.

WAARDENBURG, P. J. Zur Geschichte der Zwiilingsmethode. Sudhoffs Arch., I955, 39: I 23-133.


ACKERKNECHT, ERWIN H. Rudolf Vir- chow, doctor, statesman, anthropologist. xvi + 304 pp., 3 pL. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, I953. $5.00. Reviewed by Henry E. Sigerist in Isis, 1954, 45:

121-122; by Walter Pagel in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: I05-Io8; by W. Pagel in Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 194-198.

ANDERSON, ODIN W. Age-specific mortality in selected Western European countries with particular emphasis on the nineteenth century. Observations and implications. Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: 239-254, 9 tables, 9 fig.

BEAUMONT MEMORIAL. Isis, I954, 45: 293.

BEECHER, HENRY K.; CHARLOTTE FORD. Some new letters of Horace Wells concerning an historic partnership. J. Hist. Med., 1954, 9: 9-20.

BERMAN, ALEX. The heroic approach in igth-century therapeutics. Bull. Amer. Soc. hosp. Pharm., I954, Sept.-Oct., 320-327, front.

BERMAN, ALEX. The impact of nineteenth- century botanico-medical movement on American pharmacy and medicine. Isis, 1955,

46: 56.

BOCHALLI, RICHARD. Robert Koch. x + 2I6 pp. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsg., n.d. DM I3.80.

Reviewed by E. Lagrange in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 221-223.

BOENHEIM, FELIX. Arzte-wie sie Karl Marx sieht. Z. irztl. Fortbild., 1954, 48: i66-174.

BURNS, CHARLES L. C. A forgotten psychi- atrist -Baron Ernst von Feuchtersleben, M.D., I833. Proc. roy. Soc. Med., I954, 47: I90-I94.

CARTWRIGHT, F. F. The English pioneers of anaesthesia (Beddoes, Davy, and Hickman). x + 338 pp., front., i9 pL. Bristol: John Wright and Sons, Ltd.; London: Simkin Marshall, Ltd.; Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1952. $4.50. Reviewed by Robert E. Schofield in Isis, 1955,

46: 289-290.

CHEVALIER, AUG. Le chimiste J. B. Dumas a-t-il entrevu le premier en I871 les vita- mines? C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), I954, 238: I8I-I83.

Reviewed by P. Delaunay in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 209.

CORTICELLI, ALESSANDRO (1802-1873). Scientia vet., I955, 4: no. 8, I-3.

COULLAUD: B6clard anatomiste. Mem. Acad. Sci., B. L. et Arts d'Angers, 195I-I952, 5-6: 95-III. Reviewed by P. Delaunay in Arch. int. Hist.

Sci., 1954, 33: 220-221.

CURRIER, THOMAS FRANKLIN (and edited by Eleanor M. Tilton). A bibliography of Oliver Wendell Holmes. xiv + 708 pp. New York: New York University Press for the Bibliographical Society of America, 1953. $20.00.

Reviewed by Herbert S. Klickstein in 1. Hist. Med., 1954, 9: 478-481.

DE BAKEY, MICHAEL E.; DENTON A. COOLEY. Blood transfusion. The work of Crile and Hustin. XVIP Congr. int. Chir., Copenhague, I955, 7 pp.

DEWHURST, KENNETH. Anton Chekhov (I860-I904) -pioneer in social medicine. J. Hist. Med., I955, zo: I-I6.

DIEPGEN, PAUL. Mechanismus und Vitalismus in der zweiten Halfte des I9. Jahrhunderts. Ein Beitrag zur Theorie der medizinischen Grundlagenforschung dieser Zeit. Miunch. med. Wchschr., I954, 96: 203-205.

DIEPGEN, PAUL. Meine Freiburger Lehrer und die Medizin ihrer Zeit. Dtsch. med. J., I954, 5: 542-547.

DVOICHENKO-MARKOV, E. American doctors in the Crimean War. J. Hist. Med., 1954,

9: 362-367.

DYKSTRA, DAVID L. The medical profession and patent and proprietary medicines during the nineteenth century. Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: 401-4I9.



336 38. I9TH & 20TH CENTURIES (MEDICINE)

EARNEST, ERNEST. S. Weir Mitchell as man of letters. Trans. Coll. Phycns. Phila., 1955, 22: I00-I04.

EDWARDS, RALPH W. A history of the Wisconsin Dental College. Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: I54-i63, I Pl.

[EHRLICH, PAUL] Bull. Acad. Med., I954, 30: 953-987. In commemoration of the hun- dredth anniversary of the birth of Paul Ehrlich (I854-I954).

Contains: Introduction, by Iago Galdston; Greet- ings and remarks, by Hans E. Riesser; The era of Paul Ehrlich, by Owsei Temkin; Paul Ehrlich- man and scientist, by Ernst Jokl; Paul Ehrlich in contemporary science, by C. P. Rhoads.

EXPOSITO, CESAR RODRIGUEZ. Medicos en la vida de Marti. (Cuadernos de Historia Sanitaria, 8.) 77 pp. Prologo por Armando J. Coro. Palabras preliminares por Gonzalo de Quesada y Miranda. La Habana: Minis- terio de Salubridad y Asistencia Social, I955.

FINCH, JEREMIAH S. Sir Thomas Browne, a doctor's life of science and faith. viii + 3I9 pp., i8 i. New York: Henry Schuman, I950. $3.50.

Reviewed by Louise Diehl Patterson in Scr. math., 1953, 19: 266-267.

[FINLAY, CARLOS J.] La obra e la gloria de Finlay reconocidas por el XIV Congreso Internacional de Historia de la Medicina. (Cuadernos de Historia Sanitaria.) 99 pp. La Habana, Ministerio de Salubridad y Asis- tencia, I955.

FLEMING, DONALD. William H. Welch, and the rise of modem medicine. vi + 2I6 pp. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1954. $3.00. Reviewed by J. B. deC. M. Saunders in Isis, I955,

46: 382-383.

FRANKE, NORMAN H. Pharmaceutical conditions and drug supply in the Confederacy. (Contributions from the History of Phar- macy Department of the School of Phar- macy, University of Wisconsin, No. 3.) 47 pp. Madison, Wis.: American Institute of the History of Pharmacy, 1955.

FREEDMAN, BEN. The first state Board of Health Laboratories in the United States. Public Health Reports, 1954, 69: 867-875. "Unless further evidence is produced, this paper

establishes April I 5, I894, as the date when the work of the first State board of health diagnostic bacteriological laboratory was begun -in Louisiana at New Orleans. Minnesota can claim credit for having established the first State board of health chemical laboratory -in I873." M. C. L.

FREEDMAN, BERNARD J. Dr. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. A biographical sketch, followed by an inquiry into the nature

of his last illness. Proc. roy. Soc. Med., I954,

47: I83-I89.

FREUD, SIGMUND. The interpretation of dreams. Translated from the German and edited by James Strachey. 692 pp. New York: Basic Books, I955. $7.50.

"Mr. Strachey, distinguished for his renderings of many of Freud's other writings into English, has produced - with the assistance of Miss Anna Freud - an edition that is accurate in every respect. Moreover, his new version incorporates all the alterations, additions and deletions made by Freud in the original German text over a period of thirty years, thus making it the one truly complete translation of the work in print. In addition, Mr. Strachey has provided a detailed, lucid commentary in which he picks up the thread of the vital themes and concepts in The Interpretation of Dreams and traces their development in the complex labyrinth of Freud's writings over a fifty- year span. These annotations enable the reader to see with heightened clarity the growth and unity of Freud's thought during his long lifetime of scientific productivity."

GALDSTON, IAGO. Ehrlich, biologist of deep and inspired vision. Sci. Mon., I954,

79: 395-399, 2 fig.

GIBSON, EDWARD H., III. Baths and wash- houses in the English public health agitation, I839-48. J. Hist. Med., I954, 9: 39I-406.

GILBERT, BENTLEY B. Sir John Eldon Gorst and the children of the nation. Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: 243-25I.

GILMORE, HUGH R., Jr. Malaria at Wash- ington Barracks and Fort Myer. Survey by Walter Reed. Bull. Hist. Med., 1955, 29:

346-35I, 2 pl.

GILMORE, HUGH R., Jr. Medical aspects of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Proc. roy. Soc. Med., 1954, 47: 103-I08.

GOODALL, ARCHIBALD L. Glasgow's place in the distinction between typhoid and typhus fevers. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 140-153, I pI.

GRIFFENHAGEN, GEORGE. Early American pharmacies. J. Amer. pharm. Ass., 1955, 23

pp. (repr.), ill.

GRONOWICZ, ANTONI. Bela Schick and the world of children. 216 pp., pI. New York: Abelard-Schuman, 1954. $3.75. Reviewed by W. W. Waddell, Jr., in Sci. Mon.,

1955, 8o: 378.

GRUBER, GEORG B. Zur Geschichte des Frauenarztes Hermann Schwartz in Gottin- gen. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 214-219.

GUTHREY, NORA H. Medicine and its practitioners in Olmsted County prior to I900. Minn. Med., 213 pp., repr. from vols. 32, 33,



38. I9TH & 20TH CENTURIES (MEDICINE) 337

34, July-Dec., I1949; Jan.-Dec., I950; Jan.- Sept., 195I.

[HAHNEMANN, S. F. C., I755-I843] Homo- opathische Bibliothek Richard Haehl. Auk- tion am 21. April I955 in Marburg. Katalog iii, N. G. Elwert; Katalog 520, J. A. Star- gardt. 38 pp. Marburg: I955.

HALFORD, FRANCIS JOHN. g Doctors & God. xiv + 306 pp. Illustrated by Keichi Kimura. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1954. $4.00.

"A lively account of nineteenth-century New Englanders who sailed upon a six-months voyage around the Horn as medical missionaries to the primitive inhabitants of subtropical Hawaii. With them they took brides who had been strangers to them only weeks before.... The resentment of sailors and whaling captains at introduction of the Decalogue, the distrust of kings and chiefs, the jealousy of native medical practitioners -these were some of the obstacles which beset the mis- sionary doctors. Relying upon bleedings, blister- ings, purges, and emetics, they practiced in a day when anesthetics, antisepsis, and abdominal surgery were unknown." HINTZSCHE, ERICH. Gabriel-Gustav Valen-

tin (1810-1883). Versuch einer Bio- und Bibliographie. (Berner Beitr. Gesch. Med. Naturwiss., Nr. 12.) 92 pp., i port. Bern: Verlag P. Haupt, 1953. 4.80 SFr. Reviewed by Marcel Florkin in Arch. int. Hist.

Sci., I954, 33: 20o-2i0; by Bruno Kisch in . Hist. Mcd., I955, 10: 352.

HOLT, ANNA C. A medical student [John George Metcalf, I80I-I892] in Boston, I825-

I826. Harvard Libr. BuU., 1952, 6: I76-I92;

358-375. IZQUIERDO, J. J. A note on the early rela-

tions between scientists of Mexico and the United States (Luis Jose Montafia and Sam- uel L. Mitchill). J. Hist. Med., 1955, zo: 45-57, 3 facs.

JONES, ERNEST. The life and work of Sigmund Freud. Vol. I: The formative years and the great discoveries, I856-I900. xiv + 428 pp. New York: Basic Books, 1953. $6.75. Reviewed by Richard L. Schoenwald in Isis, I954,

45: 220-22I; by Winifred Overholser in Z. Hist. Med., 1955, 10: I28-I29.

JOY, ROBERT J. T. The natural bonesetters, with special reference to the Sweet family of Rhode Island. A study of an early phase of orthopedics. (The William Osler Medal Es- say.) BuU. Hist. Med., I954, 28: 4I6-44I, 2

fig.

KARRER, P. Erinnerungsworte an Paul Ehr- lich anliisslich seines hundertsten Geburts- tages. Gesnerus, I955, 12: 47-57.

KEEVIL, J. J. Leonard Gillespie, M.D., I758-

I842. BulU. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 332, port.

KISCH, BRUNO. An early American report on Jacob Helm's work on human digestion. J. Hist. Med., I955, ZO: 230-232.

KISCH, BRUNO. Forgotten leaders in modem medicine, Valentin, Gruby, Remak, Auerbach. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, n.s., 1954, 44: pp. 139-3I7, 68 fig., index. $2.00.

Reviewed by J. B. deC. M. Saunders in Isis, I955, 46: 383-385; by Marcel Florkin in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 385-388.

KISCH, BRUNO. Jacob Helm's observations and experiments on human digestion. A one hundred and fiftieth anniversary. J. Hist. Med., I954, 9: 3I11-328, I fig.

KURTZ, STEPHEN G. James Rush, pioneer in American psychology, I786-I869. Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 50-59.

LEIGH, DENIS. John Haslam, M.D. -1764-

I844: apothecary to Bethlem. J. Hist. Med., 1955, MO 17-44, 4 facs.

LESKY, ERNA. Matthias Marenzellers Kampf fur die Homoopathie in (5sterreich. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 110-.128.

MacNALTY, Sir ARTHUR S. Sir John Bur- don Sanderson. Proc. roy. Soc. Med., 1954,

47: 754-758. i fig.

MANN, GUNTER. Medizinische Beratung in Familienzeitschriften des ig. Jahrhunderts und der Arztestand. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 329-335.

MARTINEZ DURAN, CARLOS. Homenaje a don Santiago Ram6n y Cajal en el i" centenario de su nacimiento, I852-1952. Dis- curso pronunciado en la sesion solemne de la Academia de Ciencias Medicas, Fisicas y Naturales de Guatemala, i5 de Octubre de 1952. ig pp. Guatemala, C.A.: Imprenta Universitaria, 1952.

MASSEY, IRVING. The contribution of neurology to the scepticism of Alfred de Vigny. J. Hist. Med., 1954, 9: 329-348.

MAURIAC, PIERRE. Claude Bernard. 236 pp. Paris: Grasset, 1954. 450 fr. Reviewed by Marcel Florkin in Arch. int. Hist.

Sci., 1954, 33: 388-391.

[MEYER, ADOLF] The collected papers of Adolf Meyer. Edited by Eunice E. Winters. Vol. i, Neurology. With an introduction by Louis Hausman. Vol. 2, Psychiatry. With an introduction by Sir David K. Henderson. xiv + 693 pp., xx + 674 pp., i. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, I950-5I. (The price of the entire edition of the Collected Works of Adolf Meyer [4 vols.] is $30.00.

The volumes are not sold individually.)



338 38. 19TH & 20TH CENTURIES (MEDICINE)

Reviewed by Theodore Lidz in Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 94-97-

MUNROE, JOHN A. The Delaware physician of i8oo. Del. State med. J., I955, 27: 255-262.

NEGRI, L.; G. WEBER. "La scabbia nor- vegese," in una cera del I85I appartenente alla raccolta dell'Istituto di Patologia di Firenze. Studio sul cosi detto "lebbroso" di Luigi Calamai. Riv. Stor. Sci. med. nat., I954,

45: I36-I55, 7 pl.

NOTHMAN, MARTIN M. The history of the discovery of pancreatic diabetes. Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: 272-274.

O'DONOVAN, P. H. Dr. John Calthrop Wil- liams, physician of Nottingham i8oi-i856. Proc. roy. Soc. Med., I954, 47: 749-754. 2 fig.

PAZ-SOLDAN, C. E. La solidaridad de las Am6ricas ante la salud. Un testimonio personal. Tomo I, 316 pp., front. Lima: Biblioteca de Cultura Sanitaria del Instituto de Medicina Social de la Universidad de San Marcos, I954. A history of the Organizacion Sanitaria Ameri-

cana, an account of various conferences, and of activities in Brazil, Panama, etc.

POSTELL, WILLIAM DOSITE. The health of slaves on southern plantations. xiii + 23I

pp., ill. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Uni- versity Press, I95I. $3.00.

Reviewed by Robert G. Paterson in Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 297.

PRATT, JOSEPH H. A reappraisal of researches leading to the discovery of insulin. J. Hist. Med., I954, 9: 28I-289.

PRICE, ESTHER GASKINS. Pennsylvania pioneers against tuberculosis. With a preface by Richard H. Shryock. 294 pp., ill. New York: National Tuberculosis Association, I952. $5.00.

Reviewed by Esmond R. Long in Bull. Hist. Med., 1954, 28: 93-94.

RATH, GERNOT. Georg Meissners Tagebuch seiner Triestreise (i85I). Sudhoffs Arch., I954, 38: I29-164.

RICHMOND, PHYLLIS ALLEN. American attitudes toward the germ theory of disease (I86o-i88o). J. Hist. Med., I954, 9: 428-454.

RICHMOND, PHYLLIS ALLEN. Some vari- ant theories in opposition to the germ theory of disease. J. Hist. Med., I954, 9: 290-303, I fig.

RIEPPEL, F. W. Ernest Duchesne und die Entdeckung des Penicillins. Dtsch. med. Wschr., 1953, 78: 442-443.

RIESE, WALTHER. Auto-observation of aphasia. (Reported by an eminent nineteenth

century medical scientist.) Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: 237-242.

RIESE, WALTHER; WILLIAM GOODY. An original clinical record of Hughlings Jackson, with an interpretation. Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: 230-238.

ROSSI, ENRICO. Giovanni Rasori (I766- I837), or Italian medicine in transition. Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: II6-133.

SANCHEZ, JOSE LOPEZ. Vida y obro del sabio meiico habanero Dr. Tomis Romay Chac6n. Habana: Editorial Libreria Selecta, I950. Reviewed by W. R. Le Fanu in Arch. int. Hist.

Sci., 1954, 33: 220-

SCHOENWALD, RICHARD L. A turning point in Freud's life. Zur Auffassung der Aphasien. Osiris, I954, xz: II9-I26.

SCHOENWALD, RICHARD L. Recent studies of the younger Freud. BuU. Hist. Med., I955, 29: 26I-268.

SCHREK, D. J. E. David Bierens de Haan. Scr. math., I955, 2I: 3I-4I, 4 pl.

SCHULLIAN, DOROTHY M. Piperno, Tri- lussa and dental caricature. J. Hist. Med., I954, 9: 273-280, I9 pl.

SONNEDECKER, GLENN. A Philadelphia "pharmaceutist" in the Old West -William Barker Chapman (I8I3-I874). Amer. . J. Pharm., I954, 126: 9I-97.

SONNEDECKER, GLENN. The history of American pharmaceutical education to I900. Isis, I955, 46: 56.

STEVENSON, LLOYD G. Science down the drain. On the hostility of certain sanitarians to animal experimentation, bacteriology and immunology. Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: I- 26, I p1.

TEMI DI MEDICINA pubblica pei laureandi di medicina e chirurgia dell'A. I856. Temi di medicina pubblica per l'esame da sostenersi dai laureandi in medicina e chirurgia per I'A. I857. Temi di medicina pubblica per l'esame da sostenersi dai laureandi in medicina e chirurgia per I'A. I858. Temi di medicina forense per gHl esami dei laureandi in medicina e chirurgia nell' Universita di Pisa per I'A. i86o. Scientia vet., I955, 4: no. 8, 4-I0.

THEODORIDES, JEAN. L'oeuvre scientifique du Docteur Gruby. Rev. Hist. Mid. hdbr., I954, 7: 27-36; I37-I43.

THOMSON, ELIZABETH H. Samuel Clark Harvey-medical historian, i886-i953. J. Hist. Med., I954, 9: i-8, front.



38. I9TH & 20TH (MEDICINE)- 39. CONTEMPORARY 339

THORNTON, JOHN F. Patrick Black and the administration of chloroform. J. Hist. Med., I955, io: 229-230.

ULLMAN, EGON V. Albrecht von Graefe: the man in his time. Amer. J. Opthal., 1954, 38: 525-543; 695-7II; 79I-809, I7 fig.

URDANG, GEORGE. Two centenaries: a study of the characters and achievements of Paul Ehrlich (I4 March I854-20 August I9I5) and Emil von Behring (I5 March I854-3I March I9I7). Pharm. J., I954, I3 March, i p.

VASCONCELLOS, IVOLINO de. Oswaldo Cruz (I872-I9I8). Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., I953,

6: 5II-5I7.

VERAART, B. Lister the unknown. Act. Congr. int. Hist. Sci., I953, 6: 5og-5io.

VIETS, HENRY R. Naparisimasonut Ikiortik- sat, remedies for sick people, Greenland, i856. Acta med. scand., suppI. 266 (Papers on medicine and the history of medicine), Copen- hagen, I952, accom. vol. I42: I3I-I43.

WAINERDI, HAROLD R. Location of neurological instruments which have been in Char- cot's possession? Isis, I954, 45: 383.

WECHSLER, I. S. S. Weir Mitchell, the neu- rologist. Trans. CoU. Phycns. Phila., I955, 22:

94-99.

WHITTAKER, ALFRED H. The Beaumont Memorial on Mackinac Island. Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: 385-389, I pl.

WILLIAMS, T. FRANKLIN; VICTOR A. Mc- KUSICK. Bernhard Bang: physician, veter- inarian, scientist (I848-I932). Portr., 2 pI. Bull. Hist. Med., I954, 28: 60-72.

ZILBOORG, GREGORY. A monument and an epitaph [to Freud]. Psychoanal. Quart., I954, 23: 250-259.

ZILBOORG, GREGORY. Freud's fundamental psychiatric orientation. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., I954, 35: 1-5.

h. Technology (includes engineering, mining, mechanical in-

ventions, horology, arts and crafts, military technology, agricultural technology)

BURGER, D. De eerste fotografie in Neder- lands Indie. Fotographische recepten uit de begintijd. Faraday, 1953-I954, 23: 47-54.

CENTENARY of the Netherlands Telegraph Service. Exhibition at the Hague, i9 July- 28 September I952. Bulletin of the Organiz- ing Committee, 20 pp., 22 ill. The Hague, I952.

DUNHAM, ARTHUR LOUIS. La r6volution industrielle en France (I8I5-I848). Trans- lated from the English by Louis Blanchard. Foreword by Charles Schmidt. Preface by Georges Bourgin. (Bibliotheque d'Histoire economique et sociale.) xvi + 4I7 pp. Paris: Librairie Marcel Riviere et Cie., I953. I 2 00 fr. Reviewed by Rondo E. Cameron in Amer. hist.

Rev., 1I954, 59: 921-922.

GERECKE, ED. 50 Jahre Peter Cooper Hewitt. Tech. Rdsch., I953, 45: Nr. ii, i6 pp. (entire issue).

HOLBROOK, STEWART H. Machines of plenty. Pioneering in American agriculture. 246 pp., front. New York: Macmillan Com- pany, I955. $4.00. Deals with the American rural scene in terms of

the development of the great wheat fields of the West, improvements in farm machinery and methods, and the farmer's life during the past century and a quarter. The presentation centers on the development of J. I. Case Company, manufacturers of agricultural machinery founded by Jerome In- crease Case, who contributed mightily to the gradual mechanization of American farming methods. I. B. C. PASSER, HAROLD C. Frank Julian Sprague,

father of electric traction, I857-I934. Re- printed from: Men in business, ed. by Wil- liam Miller, Harvard University Press, I952.

pp. 2I2-237, front. PRINCE, A. The significance of the early work

of Fredrik Rudberg on alloy constitution. Ann. Sci., i955, II: 58-63.

WILLIAMS, E. Two metallurgical discoveries. Ann. Sci., I955, II: 93-98.

ti. Pseudo-sciences and paradoxes]

ti. Disciplines ancillary to the history of science]

HS 39. CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE (from about 1914)

a. General histories, and history of science; philosophy

BUCHHOLZ, A. Ideologie und Forschung in der sowjetischen Naturwissenschaft. I26 pp. Hrsg. v. d. deutschen Gesellschaft fur Osteu- ropakunde. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, I953. DM. 2.90.

CHRISTMAN, RUTH G. (editor). Soviet science. A symposium presented on 27 De- cember I95I at the Philadelphia meeting of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science. Arranged by Conway Zirkle and Howard A. Meyerhoff. vii + I08 pp.



340 39. CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE (GENERAL - PHYSICAL)

Washington: for the American Association for the Advancement of Science, I952.

Reviewed by David Joravsky in Isis, 1954, 45: 408-409.

KILGOUR, FREDERICK G. How good are our science and engineering? Yale Rev., I955, Summer, 555-563.

MAYER, LIEUTENANT COLONEL CLAU- DIUS F. Memorable events, lives and books: calendar of commemoration for I954. Milit. Surgeon, I954, II4 45-5I.

MIKULAK, MAXIM W. Soviet cosmology and communist ideology. Sci. Mon., I955, 8I: I67-I72.

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION. Fourth annual report for the fiscal year ending 30 June 1954. ix + I38 pp. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1I954]. $.5?.

OBITUARY NOTICES of Fellows of the Royal Society. Volume 9, 1954. 264 pp., I 7 portraits. London: The Royal Society, 1954.

This valuable publication of the Royal Sodety of London contains articles, portraits, and bibliographies of the following: Arthur John Allmand, by F. A. Freeth; Ernest William Barnes, by Sir Edmund Whittaker; Richard Higgins Burne, by Sir Arthur Keith; Edward Provan Cathcart, by G. M. Wishart; William Cecil Dampier, by Sir Geoffrey Taylor with a Note by E. H. E. Have- lock; Henri Alexandre Deslandres, by F. J. M. Stratton; Henry Horatio Dixon, by W. R. G. Atkins; Jack Cecil Drummond, by F. G. Young; Felix Eugene Fritsch, by Sir Edward Salisbury; Tom Goodey, by F. C. Bawden; Mervyn Henry Gordon, by L. P. Garrod; Maurice Lugeon, by Sir Edward Bailey; Otto Meyerhof, by Sir Rudolph Peters; James Herbert Orton, by F. S. Russell; Lewis Fry Richardson, by E. Gold; Nevil Vincent Sidgwick, by Sir Henry Tizard; and Nicolai Ivano- vitch Vavilov, by S. C. Harland. I. B. C.

ROSENBERG, HERBERT H.; HENRY M. BAIN, JR. Program planning for research and development in the Navy. Syracuse: Syracuse University, The Maxwell Graduate School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Washington Research Office, I954.

STIERNOTTE, ALFRED P. God and space- time. Deity in the philosophy of Samuel Alexander. With a foreword by Henry Nelson Wieman. xxvii + 455 pp. New York: Phil- osophical Library, I954. $3.00. Reviewed by V. F. Lenzen in Isis, 1955, 46:

287-289.

WHITE, MORTON (comp.) The age of analysis, 20th century philosophers, selected with introduction and interpretive commentary. (Mentor Philosophers.) 253 pp. New York: New American Library of World Literature, I955. $.50. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Com- pany, I955. $3.00.

A considerable portion deals with the philosophy of science, including essays by Whitehead, Peirce, James, Dewey, Russell, Carnap and Wittgenstein. The editor adds a valuable commentary.

ZIRKLE, CONWAY. Our splintered learning and the status of scientists. Science, I955,

12z: 5I3-5I9.

b. Mathematics (works on pure and applied mathematics, in-

cluding mathematical logic and statistics)

DRYDEN, H. L. Fifty years of boundary theory and experiment. Science, I955, I2l:

375-380.

LEVY, PAUL. W. Doeblin (V. Doeblin), I9I5-

I940. Rev. Hist. Sci., I955, 8: I07-115.

TRUESDELL, C. Paul Felix Nemenyi I895- 1952. Obituary. J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1953,

43: 62-63.

TRUESDELL, C. Vaclav Hlavaty. Int. math. News, 1953, no. 29/30 [2 pp.].

c. Physical sciences

(astronomy, physics, chemistry)

ABETTI, GIORGIO. Thirty years of solar work at Arcetri. Vistas in astronomy, 1955, z: 624630, 2 fig.

ADAMS, W. S. Early solar research at Mount Wilson. Vistas in astronomy, i955, t: 6Ig- 623.

BOK, BART J. New science of radio astronomy. Sci. Mon., i955, 8o: 333-345.

BORN, MAX. Astronomical recollections. Vis- tas in astronomy, I955, z: 4I-44.

BRODE, WALLACE R. Lyman J. Briggs: Recognition of his eightieth birthday. Sci. Mon., I954, 78: 269-274.

BROGLIE, MAURICE de. Les premiers congres de physique Solvay et l'orientation de la physique depuis I9II. (Cahiers de la Coliec- tion Sciences d'Aujourd'hui, diriges par Andr6 George.) I26 pp. Paris: Albin Michel, I95I.

585 fr. Reviewed by P. W. Bridgman in Isis, 1954, 45:

314-315.

BUSH, VANNEVAR. Lyman J. Briggs and atomic energy. Sci. Mon., I954, 78: 275-277.

COCKCROFT, SIR JOHN. High-energy particle accelerators. Endeavour, I955, z4: 6I-70.

COHEN, I. BERNARD. An interview with Einstein. Two weeks before Einstein died he was visited by a historian of science. They sat in Einstein's study and discussed some of his illustrious predecessors in the evolution



39. CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE (PHYSICAL SCIENCES) 341

of physics. Sci. Amer., I955, z93: no. I, 68- 73, 3 pl.

DINGLE, HERBERT. The sources of Edding- ton's philosophy. (The eighth Arthur Stanley Eddington Memorial Lecture, 2 November I954.) 64 pp. Cambridge: at the University Press, I954. $.75. A brilliant account of the difficulties faced by

Eddington in reconciling his Victorian or classical general point of view with his acceptance of the new physics, notably the work of Einstein. Many readers will thus comprehend for the first time the mystifying aspect of Eddington's final work.

I. B. C.

EINSTEIN, ALBERT (I879-I955). Amer. Scientist, I955, 43: 390.

EVERSHED, J. Recollections of seventy years of scientific work. Vistas in astronomy, i955, Z: 33-40, 5 fig.

FARBER, EDUARD. Nobel prize winners in chemistry, I9OI-I950. (Pathbreakers in 20th century science. Life of Science Library, no. 3I.) 2I9 pp. New York: Henry Schuman, I953. $5.00. Reviewed by I. Bernard Cohen in Isis, I954, 45:

407-408. FERMI, ENRICO (I90I-I954). By F. Rasetti.

Science, ig55, Z2I 449-45I.

FERMI, ENRICO. Physics at Columbia Uni- versity. The genesis of the nuclear energy project. Phys. Today, i955, 8: I2-I6.

GEORGE, ANDR1 (editor). Louis de Broglie, physicien et penseur. xi + 497 pp. Paris: Editions Albin Michel, I953. 835 fr. Reviewed by Banesh Hoffmann in Scr. math.,

I953, 19: 258-260.

GREINACHER, H. The evolution of particle counters. Endeavour, I954, I3: I90-197.

HEATHCOTE, NIELS H. de V. Nobel prize winners in physics, IgoI-igso. With a foreword by Herbert Dingle. (Pathbreakers in 20th century science. Life of Science Library, no. 30.) 473 pp. New York: Henry Schu- man, I953. $8.50. Reviewed by I. Bernard Cohen in Isis, 1954, 45:

407-408. LACHMAN, ARTHUR. Borderland of the

unknown. The life story of Gilbert Newton Lewis, one of the world's great scientists. viii + I84 pp. New York: Pageant Press, I955. $3.00. The author of this book, known for his volume,

The Spirit of Organic Chemistry, presents here an informal account of the life and works of the great American chemist, Gilbert N. Lewis. Students of the history of chemical ideas may be referred to the complete account which G. N. Lewis gave of the development of his ideas on atomic structure and valence in Valence and the Structure of Atoms

and Molecules, published by the American Chemi- cal Society in 1923. In this work Lewis recounted in great detail the actual occasion on which his ideas came to him: during a committee meeting when he was bored with the order of businessl

I. B. C.

LANDS, ALFRED. Foundations of quantum theory. A study in continuity and symmetry. viii + io6 pp. New Haven: Yale University Press; London: Geoffrey Cumberlege, Oxford University Press, I933. $4.00. "The aim of this book is to show that quantum

mechanics in its basic concepts and its formalistic rules is not dependent on a refined interpretation of experiments on a microphysical scale but can be developed as a straightforward consequence of elementary physical principles of continuity and symmetry."

LENNARD-JONES, JOHN. New ideas in chemistry. Sci. Mon., ig95, 80: I75-I84.

LEPRINCE-RINGUET, LOUIS. The coming of age of the atom. J. Franklin Inst., i956, 26z: 47-53.

MARGENAU, HENRY. Advantages and dis- advantages of various interpretations of the quantum theory. Phys. Today, I954, 7: no. I0, 6-I3, I fig.

METROPOLIS, N. Enrico Fermi. A record of the Fermi Memorial Symposium held 29 April I933 in Washington, D. C., as a part of the spring meeting of the American Physical Society. Phys. Today, I933, 8: I0-I2.

MILLIKAN, ROBERT ANDREWS: i868- I953. By L. A. DuBridge. Science, I954, IIg: 272-274.

RUTHERFORD by those who knew him. Be- ing the collection of the first five Rutherford lectures of the Physical Society. 39 pp., front. London: The Physical Society, I954. 5S., members; 8s. 6d., non-members. These five lectures on Rutherford are written by

H. R. Robinson, J. D. Cockcroft, M. L. Oliphant, E. Marsden, and A. S. Russell. Since the authors knew Rutherford personally, particularly in the great work on nuclear physics, their essays illuminate Rutherford's personality as well as his scientific achievement. I. B. C.

SAGUI, CORNELIO L. L'atomo, l'universo e l'infinito. Humanitas, I953, 8: I4I-I66.

SHANKLAND, R. S., et al. A new analysis of the interferometer observations of Dayton C. Miller. 32 pp. mim. Cleveland: Case In- stitute of Technology, I954.

SPITZER, LYMAN. Horizons in astronomy. Amer. Scientist, I955, 43: 323-330.

TELLER, E. The work of many people. Science, I933, I2I: 267-274. A history of the discovery of atomic power by



342 39. CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE (PHYSICAL -BIOLOGICAL)

the man who found out how to make the hydrogen bomb feasible. C. Z. TONINI, V. La relativith a cinquant'anni dalla

prima formulazione einsteiniana. Scientia, I955, 49: 283-290.

ULLMO, JEAN. La crise de la physique quan- tique. (Actualites Scientifiques et Industri- elles, no. I23I.) 45 pp. Paris: Hermann et Cie., I955. 250 fr.

VALLENTIN, ANTONINA. Le drame d'Albert Einstein. 254 pp., i hors-texte. Paris: Plon, I954. 540 fr. Reviewed by S. Colnort in Rev. Hist. Sci., 1955,

8: 87.

WIGNER, EUGENE P. On the development of the compound nucleus model. Amer. J. Phys., I955, 23: 37I-380.

WHITTAKER, Sir EDMUND. A history of the theories of aether and electricity: the modern theories, I900-I926. 3I9 pp. New York: Philosophical Library; London-Edin- burgh: Thomas Nelson, I954. $8.75. Reviewed by E. T. Kornhauser in Science, 1954,

IZ9: 769-770.

WOLFENDEN, J. H. The dawn of hot atom chemistry. J. chem. Educ., I955, 32: 276.

d. Earth scienees

(geology, geography, oceanography, paleontology, mineralogy, cartography, travel and

exploration)

CATONE, G. Otto Sverdrup nell'Artide in- esplorata. vi + 228 pp. Torino: G. B. Paravia & C., 1953. Lire 780.

GROSVENOR, GILBERT. Earth, sea and sky: twenty years of exploration by the National Geographic Society. Sci. Mon., 1954, 78: 296-302.

MARGERIE, EMANUEL DE (I862-1953). Etudes amrricaines. 2 vOl., 786 pp., 216 ill. Paris: Armand Colin, 1952-1954.

Reviewed by George Sarton in Isis, 1954, 45: 387-388.

e. Biological sciences (zoology, botany, anatomy, physiology, physical anthropology; also applied biology, including certain aspects of agriculture, such as plant and animal breeding, economic entomology, etc.)

ARBER, AGNES. Dukinfield Henry Scott (I854-1934). Nature, 1954, 174: 992-996.

BLACKWELDER, R. E.; L. E. HAYME. Statistics, experiment and the future of biology. Sci. Mon., I955, 80: 225-229.

COONEN, L. P. Lysenkoism in Athens. Science, I954, zzg: 694-695.

DOBZHANSKY, TH. Animal breeding under Lysenko. Amer. Naturalist, 1954, 88: I65- I67.

DOBZHANSKY, THEODOSIUS. A comment on the discussion of genetics by His Holiness, Pius XII. Science, I953, zz8: 56I-563.

FRANKLIN, KENNETH J. Joseph Barcroft, I872-1947. xvii + 38I pp., 6i pl. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, I953. 37S.

6d. Reviewed by John F. Fulton in Isis, 1954, 45:

315-3 i6.

GEISER, S. W. Edward Otto Heuse (I879- I954). Field & Lab., I954, 22: 6I-65.

GOLDSCHMIDT, RICHARD BENEDICT. Publications, I900-I954. Privately printed, I955. A bibliography of the works of the famous

geneticist. C. Z.

HARLAND, S. C. Nicolai Ivanovitch Vavilov, I885-I942. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, I954, 9: 259-264, port. Reviewed by J. P. in Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1955,

34: 8I-82.

MEYERHOF, OTTO, I884-I95I. By David Nachmansohn; Severo Ohoa; Fritz A. Lip- man. Science, 1952, II5: 365-369.

RILEY, HERBERT P. George Harrison Shull (1874-1954). J. Heredity, 1955, 46: 65-66. A brief biographical sketch by one of Professor

Shull's former students. Shull's discovery of the technique of securing hybrid vigor in corn (Zea Mays) adds about one billion dollars yearly to the income of the American farmer. His own account of the discovering of hybrid vigor is entitled, "Be- ginnings of the heterosis concept," published in Heterosis (ed. John W. Gowen), Ames: Iowa State College Press, I952. C.Z.

SLATIS, HERMAN M. Current status of information on the induction of mutations by irradiation. Science, 1955, 121: 817-821.

A sane and quantitative evaluation of the muta- tional hazards of increased radiation. "With such small changes, it would seem unlikely that a doubling of the mutation rate could pose a serious problem to the life of the species, and it might go almost unnoticed. Some of our current dysgenic practices that are countenanced because of custom, inertia, humanitarian practices, or foolishness are probably more serious to the species . . . the existence of worse practices [however] cannot be an excuse for perpetrating a bad one." C. Z.

WILSON, PERRY W. The early and somewhat diverting history of the division of physiology, Society of American Bacteriolo- gists. Newsletter, Soc. Amer. Bacteriologists, 1953, 19: 2-3.



39. CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE (BIOLOGY - TECHNOLOGY) 343 ZERNIKE, F. How I discovered phase con-

trast. Science, 1955, I2I: 345-348. The discovery of phase contrast greatly increased

the use of the light microscope in the investigation of living cells. This is a most interesting account of the indifference and even resistance to a new technique. C. Z.

f. Sciences of man

HERSKOVITS, MELVILLE J. Franz Boas: the science of man in the making. 131 pp. New York: Scribner's, 1953. $2.50.

Reviewed by Robert H. Lowie in Sci. Mon., 1954, 78: 47; by Ashley Montagu in Isis, 1954, 45: Io6-Io7.

PILTDOWN BONES and "implements." Na- ture, 1954, 174: 6I1-62.

ROBACK, A. A. Present-day psychology. An original study of departments, branches, methods and phases, including clinical and dynamic psychology. With the collaboration of forty experts in the various fields. 995 pp. New York: Philosophical Library, 1955. $12.00.

Forty essays dealing with almost every aspect of present-day psychology. Of greatest interest to readers of Isis is the twentieth essay, "Contempo- rary Histories of Psychology," by Ralph Waldo Erickson, including a bibliography of major historical works. The editor notes that "this is probably the first time that a review of histories of psychology appears in a general survey of psychology, which is a sign of the times."

STRAUS, WILLIAM L., Jr. The great piltdown hoax. Science, 1954, 119: 265-269.


ALBRECHT, EUGEN (I872-1908). By Edgar Goldschmid. Verh. schweiz. naturf. Ges., 1941, pp. 217-222.

ALEXANDER, FRANZ; HELEN ROSS (editors). Twenty years of psychoanalysis. A symposium in celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis. 309 pp. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1953. $3.75. Reviewed by Iago Galdston in Isis, 1955, 46:

78-80.

BRUES, AUSTIN. Medicine and society: implications in the atomic age. J. Mt. Sinai Hosp., 1953, I9: 812-820.

COHN, ALFRED E. Recollections concerning early electrocardiography in the United States. With a letter of Horatio B. Williams. Bull. Hist. Med., 1955, 29: 469-474.

[COHN, EDWIN] Mayer, Andre. Notice n&crologique sur M. Edwin Cohn [I892-

'9531. Bull. Acad. nat. Mid., 1953, nos. 38- 39, pp. 692-693.

MAYER, ANDRE. Georges Schaeffer (1882-

1953). Presse mid., 1953, 6I: 1565-1566, portr.

MAYER, CLAUDIUS F. BacilIary dysentery as a military problem, and the Pavlovian doctrine. Miit. Surgeon, 1952, III: 268-276.

PRATT, JOSEPH H. Zur Geschichte der Entdeckung des Insulins. Sudhoffs Arch., 1954, 38: 48-57.

SIMON, I. Dr. Abraham Litvak (1893-1954). Rev. Hist. Mid. htbr., 1954, 7: x87.

STEVENSON, LLOYD G. Nobel prize winners in medicine and physiology, 1901-1950. (Pathbreakers in 20th century science. Life of Science Library, no. 29.) 291 pp. New York: Henry Schuman, 1953. $6.50. Reviewed by I. Bernard Cohen in lsis, 1954, 45:

407-408.

[TZANCK, ARNAULT (x886-x954)1 Rev. Hist. Mid. htbr., ic955, 8: 67-112. Entire issue devoted to Dr. Arnault Tzanck. Le fascicule contient les articles suivants: La

creation du Comite Medical Israel-France 'a Jerusa- lem, par le Dr. Simon; Arnault Tzanck, par le Prof. agr. H. Baruk; Unite et diversite d'Arnault Tzanck, par le Dr. Robert Weismann-Netter.

h. Technology

BIREMBAUT, A. Les premiers congres inter- nationaux du petrole. Act. Docum. III Cong. mondial Petrole, 1951, pp. 203-204.

BOWN, RALPH. The transistor as an industrial research episode. Sci. Mon., 1955, 8o: 4o-46, 8 fig.

DRYDEN, HUGH L. A half century of aeronautical research. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1954, 98: 115-120.

DUKE, NEVILLE; EDWARD LANCHBERY. "Sound barrier," the story of high-speed flight. (6th ed.) 129 pp., 27 pl. New York: Philosophical Library, i955. $4.75.

GATLAND, KENNETH W. Development of the guided missile. 292 pp., over i00 ill. London: liffe & Sons, Ltd.; New York: Philosophical Library, 1954. (2nd ed.) $4.75.

HOPF, N. J. Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright. Science, I955, 12I: 523-525.

HUNSAKER, JEROME C. A half century of aeronautical development. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1954, 98: 121-130, i8 fig.

JAQUEROD, ADRIEN. Science and chronom- etry. Endeavour, 1954, I3: 134-139.



344 39. CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE (TECHNOLOGY - HISTORIANS)

The emphasis is upon very recent advances in the exact measurement of time. C. Z.

KILGOUR, FREDERICK G. How good are our science and engineering? Yale Rev., 1955, Summer, 555-563.

LESSING, LAWRENCE P. The late Edwin H. Armstrong. A memorial look at the life of an American inventor who died by his own hand a few weeks ago. Working alone in the native tradition of the Wright brothers, he laid the foundation of modern radio com- munication. Sci. Amer., 1954, I90, no. 4, 64- 69, 2 fig. diagrams.

LOENING, GROVER. Fifty years of flying progress. Smithsonian Institution, Annual Report, 1954, pp. 201-2I6, 26 pl.

McFARLAND, MARVIN W. (editor). The papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright. Vol. I, I899-I905; vol. 2, I906-I948. Including the Chanute-Wright letters and other papers of Octave Chanute. Vol. i, iv + 673 pp., 141 ill., front. Vol. 2, XXVi + pp. 674-I278, RI. 142-236, front. New York-Toronto-London: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., I953. Reviewed by Lester D. Gardner in Isis, I954,

45: 3I6-3I8; by John W. Oliver in Amer. hist. Rev., 1954, 6o: 134-135.

MASSIGNON, LOUIS. Mouvement intellectuel du Proche-Orient. Hesperia, I953, Bd. 4, 71- 79.

MURCHIE, GUY. Song of the sky. vii + 438 pp., ill. by the author. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1954. $5.00.

This book is written as a navigator's description of his occupation and of the environment in which he operates. It is, however, something more than that, for, although it is not a particularly profound work, it is nevertheless a fascinating account of the sky. Special emphasis is laid upon processes in celestial navigation, but in addition the related fields of astronomy, meteorology, and aerodynamics are discussed. The book is not intended for the professional in any of these fields, but it is so written that even a highly trained person could not fail to be interested in Mr. Murchie's synthesis.

The work is made interesting by the judicious selection of historical, anthropological, biographical and anecdotal elements, which all relate to the field of aeronautics. It must be mentioned that some of the speculations included-not always carefully separated from strictly factual material - do tend to strain credulity. The particular merit of this book, however, lies not in the facts presented but rather in its literary style. The prose at times is so well wrought that it communicates the same feeling that is expressed in poetry. There are also delightful illustrations, drawn by the author, which somehow capture the spirit of flight.

To his credit Mr. Murchie has not allowed his poetic self to rule. The factual material is never tedious, and the deep personal awareness of the author conveys the essence of his personal philoso-

phy. The book may be highly recommended to any reader seeking pleasure and some instruction.

S. W. J. PARSONS, SIR CHARLES (I854-1931). Edi-

torial. Endeavour, 1954, I3: 171-172.

An account of the man who did so much to develop the steam turbine. C. Z.

TIMOSHENKO, STEPHEN P. The collected papers of. 642 pp., 36 fig. New York-Lon- don-Toronto: McGraw-Hill, n.d. ?7. Reviewed by Rene Dugas in Rev. Hist. Sci., I955,

8: x85-x86. TRAVAUX PUBLICS et le batiment (1903-

1953), Un demi-siecle de progres dans les. Numero sp6cial &dit6 par le Moniteur des Travaux publics et du batiment. 211 + 19I

pp., ill. Paris, I953. 1,250 fr. Reviwed by S. Colnort in Rev. Hist. Sci., I954,

7: 294.

WVHITTLE, SIR FRANK. Jet: the story of a pioneer. 320 pp., front., pl. New York: Phil- osophical Library, I954. $6.oo.

[i. Pseudo-sciences and paradoxes]

[j. Disciplines ancillary to the history of science]

k. Historians and philosophers of science and medicine

[ALBA] EL DUQUE DE MAURA. El Excmo. Senior Duque de Alba, Director de la Real Acad- emia de la Historia. Bol. Real Acad. Hist., 1953, 133: 267-273, port.

ARCHIBALD, RAYMOND CLARE (I875- I955). In memoriam. By C. R. Adams and Otto Neugebauer. Amer. math. Mon., 1955,

62: 743-745.

BERR, HENRI (I863-1954). By Paul Challus. Rev. Hist. Sci., I955, 8: 73-77.

Delorme, Suzanne. L'article inacheve: Henri Berr n'est plus. Rev. Hist. Sci., 1954,

7: 298-302.

[BRUNET, PIERRE] Bibliographie de Pierre Brunet (I893-1950). By Suzanne Colnort. Rev. Hist Sci., 1954, 7: 269-280.

[CASTIGLIONI, ARTURO -I874-I953] Riv. Stor. Sci. med. nat., 1954, 45: no. I, 103 pp., 9 photographs. The entire issue is devoted to the memory of Arturo Castiglioni (I874-

I953). Contains the following articles: Prefazione, by

A. Corsini; La storia della medicina negli ultimi 50 anni (con note autobiografiche), by Arturo Casti- glioni; Gedenkwort an Arturo Castiglioni, by P. Diepgen; Random impressions of Arturo Casti- glioni in the United States, by John F. Fulton; Le professeur Arturo Castiglioni, by R. Neveu; Arturo Castiglioni, by H. E. Sigerist; Incontri con Arturo



39. CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE (HISTORIANS) 345 Castiglioni, by A. Corsini; Arturo Castiglioni storico della medicina, by Luigi Belloni.

Fischer, H. Arturo Castiglioni (I874- 1953). Gesnerus, I954, I : 53-54.

Izquierdo, J. J. El Profesor Doctor Arturo Castiglioni. Gac. Med. Mex., 1953,

83: 75-76.

Schullian, Dorothy M. Ad litus patriae educ. Castalia (Milano), '954, no. 3, 2 pp.

Wickersheimer, Ernest. Mon souvenir de A. Castiglioni. Castalia (Milano), 1954,

no. 3, I p.

COOLIDGE, JULIAN LOWELL (I873-1954). Obituary, by D. J. Struik. Amer. math. Mon., I955, 62: 669-682.

CREW, HENRY (I859-I953). By A. A. Knowles. Isis, I954, 45: I69-I74, port.

[DIEPGEN, PAUL] Dr. Diepgen's birthday. Isis, I955, 46: 367. Corrects an unfortunate error in CB 8o, p. 137,

in which Dr. Diepgen's "last" publication was described as a publication of the "late" Dr. Diepgen, who fortunately flourishes.

DINGLER, HUGO (188I-I954). By Werner Leibbrand. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 345-346.

DITTRICK, HOWARD (I877-1954), by Doro- thy M. Schullian. Bull. Hist. Med., 1955, 29:

75-76, port.

[EVANS, AUSTIN PATTERSON] Essays in medieval life and thought, presented in honor of Austin Patterson Evans. Edited by John H. Mundy, Richard W. Emery, and Benjamin N. Nelson. 258 pp., front. New York: Co- lumbia University Press, I955. $4.00. This volume celebrates the achievement of Austin

Patterson Evans, professor at Columbia University until his retirement in 1952. There is an appreciation by Henry H. Wiggins, "A scholar seen by a publisher," and a number of essays dealing with science and thought in the Middle Ages, including "The Dc quantitatibus stellarum of Thebit ben Kourrah," by Francis S. Benjamin, Jr., "The Quad- ratura per lunulas: a thirteenth-century fragment of Simplicius' Commentary on the Physics of Aris- totle," by Marshall Clagett, and "Academic oaths at the University of Paris in the Middle Ages," by Pearl Kibre.

GANDZ, SOLOMON, I884-I954. By Martin Levey. Isis, 1955, 46: I07-110.

By George Sarton. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1955, 34: 65-66.

GIORDANO, DAVIDE (I864-I954). By Sergio Piccini. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 346- 348.

[GOLDSCHMIDT, E. P.] WEIL, E. In memoriam: E. P. Goldschmidt -bookseller and scholar. J. Hist. Med., 1954, 9: 224-232,

port., i fig.

GUTHRIE, DOUGLAS. A medical historian in New Zealand and Australia. Proc. roy. Soc. Med., I954, 47: 1059-I060.

[HELLMAN, ALFRED M., I880-i955] The Academy Bookman. Published by the friends of the Rare Book Room in the interests of the New York Academy of Medicine, I955, 8: no. i (i6 pp.) Portrait. Issue devoted to Dr. Hellman.

By Harold B. Davidson. Acad. Book- man, 1955, 8: 1-7, port.

HUMBERT, PIERRE (I89I-I953). By Pierre Sergescu. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I954, 33: i8I- I83.

LAIGNEL-LAVASTINE, MAXIME (I875-

1953), La vie et l'oeuvre scientifique de. Rev. Hist. Med. hebr., 1954, 7: 57-I20. En- tire issue devoted to M. Laignel-Lavastine. Le fascicule contient les articles suivants: Message

de M. le Professeur Leon Binet; Le Prof. Laignel- Lavastine, psychiatre, par le Prof. agr. H. Baruk; Le Prof. Laignel-Lavastine, neurologue, par le Dr. Jean Vinchon; Laignel-Lavastine, historien de la medecine, par le Medecin-General des Cilleuls; Le Prof. Maxime Laignel-Lavastine, intime, par M. Jacques Herissay; Le Prof. Maxime Laignel-Lavas- tine, criminologiste, par V. V. Stanciu. Le Prof. Laignel-Lavastine, promoteur de l'histoire de la medecine hebraique en France, par le Dr. I. Simon.

By Jacques Herissay. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., 1954, 33: 62-66.

Simon, I. Maxime Laignel Lavastine, historien de la medecine. Rev. Hist. Sci., I954,

7: 8I-83.

[LEAKE, CHAUNCEY D.] Dr. Chauncey D. Leake and the University of Texas Medical Branch, 1942-1955. 13 pp. Galveston: Uni- versity of Texas, 1955. An appreciation of Dr. Leake on the occasion of

his resignation in 1955 as executive director of the University of Texas Medical Branch; Dr. Leake is now at Ohio State University. I. B. C.

[LORIA, GINO] A. Natucci. Gino Loria (I862-I954). Rev. Hist. Sci., I954, 7: 372-374.

[MEEK, WALTER J.] Ackerknecht, Erwin H. Dr. Walter J. Meek as a medical historian. Quart. Phi Beta Phi, I955, 5I: I96-I99, port.

[MILLAS VALLICROSA, JOSE, M.] Homen- aje a Millis-Vallicrosa. Vol. i, 812 pp., front. Barcelona: Consejo Superior de Investiga- ciones, Cientificas, I954.

The articles in this collection are analyzed separately in the appropriate places. We look forward eagerly to the appearance of the second volume.



346 39. CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE (HISTORIANS)

MOORMAN, LEWIS JEFFERSON (I87I- 1954), by Ralph H. Major. Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: 76-77.

[NEUBURGER, MAX] Bull. Hist. Med., I955, 29: no. 4, pp. 295-298. Entire issue dedicated to the memory of Max Neuburger, with an introductory biographical article by Robert Rosenthal: Max Neuburger, 8 December i868-I5 March I955.

By J. F. Fulton. J. Hist. Med., I955, zo: 228-229.

By E. Ashley Underwood. Centaurus, 1955, 4: 67-79, 3 pl

[OSLER] TYLER, DOROTHY. Sir William Osler and Sir Thomas Browne: a friendship across the centuries. Mich. Alumnus Quart. Rev., I954, 6z: 60-65, 2 fig.

[PAZZINI, A.] Scritti in onore di A. Pazzini in occasione del XXX anno di laurea. Torino: Minerva Medica, I954.

Reviewed by Salvatore Principe in Riv. Stor. Sci. met. nat., 1955, 46: 69-70.

[PUTTI, VITTORIO] Bonola, A. II contributo di Vittorio Putti alla storia della medicina. Chir. organi Mov., 1952, 38: 8-43, 13 ill., elenco dei lavori di storia della medicina di V. Putti e degli allievi; con catalogo delle medaglie della raccolta V. Putti. Reviewed by V. Busacchi in Riv. Stor. Sci. med.

nat., I955, 46: 68-69. SARTON, GEORGE. "Historians and philoso-

phers" of Science. Biographies available in Isis and Osiris. Isis, 1955, 46: 360-366.

---- Reminiscences of a pioneer. Osiris, 1954, II: I08- II8. Remarks made at the dinner given in his honor

by the History of Science Society at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D. C. on Sunday, 29 De- cember 1952.

SERGESCU, PETRE (I893-I954). By F. S. Bodenheimer. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I955, 34: 3-4.

Montel, Paul. Discours prononc6 aux funerailles de Pierre Sergescu. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I955, 34: 5-6.

By George Sarton. J. Hist. Med., I955, zo: 42I-425, port.

Taton, Rene. Pierre Sergescu (I893- I954), mathematicien et historien des sciences roumains, secretaire general de l'Union Inter- nationale d'Histoire des Sciences. Msis, I955,

46: 53.

By Ren6 Taton. Rev. Hist. Sci., i955, 8: 77-80.

[SUDHOFF] GLODEN, A. Precisions sur les

origines luxembourgeoises de Karl Sudhoff. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I954, 33: 67.

TANNERY, PAUL. Memoires scientifiques. Tome XVII, Biographie, Bibliographie, com- plements et tables, par Pierre Louis. xi + 507 pp. Toulouse: Edouard Privat; Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1950. 2000 fr. Reviewed by Rene Taton in Rev. Hist. Sci., I954,

7: 89-9I. [TANNERY, PAUL] Rev. Hist. Sci., I954, 7,

no. 4. Ce fascicule est enti&rement consacr6 k Paul Tannery. II contient les articles suivants: Paul Tannery et l'histoire des sciences, par Henri Berr, p. 297; Paul Tannery, par Rene Taton, pp. 303-3I2; Quelques souvenirs, par Jacques Tannery, pp. 3I3-320, 2 photos; Sur la methode de Tannery en histoire des mathematiques, par Jean Itard, pp. 326-332; La correspondance de Paul Tannery et l'histoire de nos etudes, par George Sarton, pp. 32I-

325; Paul Tannery et la science grecque, par Paul-Henri Michel, pp. 333-348; Paul Tan- nery et la science medievale, par Pierre Ser- gescu, pp. 349-354; Paul Tannery, historian du XVII0 si6cle, par Robert Lenoble, pp. 355- 368; Paul Tannery, bibliographie sommaire, par Rene Taton, pp. 369-372.

[THORNDIKE, LYNN] Osiris, volume ii.

Edited by George Sarton, with the assistance of Abbe Joseph Mogenet and Pearl Kibre. 536 pp., front., ill. Bruges: De Tempel, 1954. 400 BFr., unbound; 450 BFr., bound. Reviewed by E. D. in Bib. Hum. Ren., 1955,

17: 144.

By Pearl Kibre. With bibliography and portrait. Osiris, 1954, II: 5-22.

A short biographical sketch of Dr. Thorndike, whose many writings on the history of magic are treasured by all historians of science. There is a valuable list of Dr. Thorndike's publications through 1952. Those of I953 and succeeding years will be found listed in this and earlier Critical Bibliogra- phies, and, we trust, in future Critical Bibliogra- phies for many years to come. I. B. C.

VASILIEV, ALEXANDER A., a personal sketch. By Milton V. Anastos. Russian Rev., I954, January, 59-63.

VAUX, CARRA de. By J. M. Millis Vallicrosa. Arch. int. Hist. Sci., I954, 33: 6I42.

WALLER, AXEL ERIK, I875-I955. By J. F. F. J. Hist. Med., I955, ZO: 226-227.

WHITEHEAD, ALFRED NORTH. An anthology. Selected by Prof. F. S. C. Northrop and Dr. Mason W. Gross. Introductions and a note on Whitehead's terminology by Mason W. Gross. 928 pp. Cambridge: At the Uni- versity Press, I953. 75S. Reviewed by Edmund Whittaker in Nature,

I954, 173: x058.



Index of Names Included in the

Eighty-first Critical Bibliography of the

History of Science

The Index contains all the proper names cited (not merely those of authors, editors and trans- lators) with the exception of reviewers. The name of a person who lived in the Middle Ages or the Renaissance might appear under several forms: that of the vernacular language; the name under which he wrote; the Latinized form; or, in the case of certain well known names, an Anglicized version. For example, JoHN OF SpAIN might appear thus, or as IBN DAWUID, or JUAN HIsPANo, or JOANNEs HIsPALENSIS. IBN RUsHD might appear thus, or as AVERROES, the Latinized form. Such linguistic variations as HERACLITE or ERACLITO have been avoided in favor of HERACLITUS, and HOMERE, though it may appear thus in a work cited in French, will be found in the Index as HOMER. In general, however, we have aimed at coherence by indexing the name under the most commonly known form; but readers are urged to search under all the variously used versions. Approximately 3,ooo names have been included.

KATHARINE STRELSKY

Aaboe, Asger, 30I Abbayes, H. des, 274 Abdul Latif, Syed, 300 Abel, 329 Abetti, B. B., 267 Abetti, Giorgio, 267, 340 Abravanel, Don Isaac, 300 Acad6mie des Sciences, 257 Achena, Mohammad, 300 Ackerknecht, E. H., 276, 328,

334, 335, 345 Actes du VIe Congres, History

of Science, 253 Acton, 257 Adalbold of Utrecht, 295 Adam, 256, 295 Adams, C. R., 344 Adams, F. D., 270 Adams, W. S., 340 Aesculapius, 293 Agassiz, Louis, 333, 335 Agricola, Georgius, 3Io Ahmedi, 303 Aiton, E. J., 3I7 Alanson, 326 Alba, 344 Albany, Charles, Duke of, 326 Albertus Magnus, 294, 296 Albrecht, Eugen, 343 Albumasar, 300 Alderotti, Taddeo, 280 Alexander, Franz, 343 Alexander, Samuel, 340 Alexander, W. A., 28i Alfieri, V. E., 289 Alfred, King, 296 Alhazen, 30I Aliotta, Antonio, 264 Allee, W. C., 258

Allen, Elias, 26I Allen, G. M., 286 Allen, H. B., 3I4 Allen, William, 283 Almagi3, R., 254, 306, 309, 322

Almagro, Martin, 301 Allmand, A. J., 340 Alpert, Harry, 262 Amadou, Robert, 276 Amat, Roman d', 285 Amatus lusitanius, 3II Ammans, Jost, 311 Amp&re, 268 Anastos, M. V., 299, 346 Anderson, 0. W., 335 Andrade, E. N. da C., 3I7, 318 Anft, Berthold, 330 Anthoine, Saint, 298 Ibn 'Arab!, 298 Arago, M. F., 3I3 Arag6n, 298 Aratta, Lord of, 287 Arber, Agnes, 342 Arberry, A. J., 299, 300 Archibald, R. C., 329, 344 Archila, Ricardo, 278 Archimedes, 290, 291, 295, 296

Ardalan, Ali Gholi, 298 Argyle, Michael, 276 Aristotle, 264, 265, 274, 289,

290, 29I, 292, 30I

Armitage, Angus, 3I8

Armstrong, E. H., 344 Armstrong, E., 305

Armstrong, George, 326 Armstrong, John, 326 Armytage, W. H. G., 283, 3I3

Arribas Palau, Mariano, 298 Art in Science Portfolio, 263

Artelt, W., 255, 276, 292 Artz, F. B., 293 Apostle, H. G., 290 Apuleius, Pseudo-, 298

Asmundson, V. G., 273 Atkins, W. R. G., 340 Aubert, Rogert, 263 Aubry, P.-V., 3I7, 329 Audubon, 334 Auer, Erich, 277

Auerbach, 337 Augustine, 252

'AvdallAh Kithnuin, 299

Avicenna, 255, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303

Avenzoar, 30I Avverois, 30I

Babini, Jose, 252 Babson, 256 Bacon, 289 Bacon, R., 293, 294 Bacri, Jacques, 297 Backman, E. L., 277 Badawl, 'Abdal-Rahman, 299 Badier, M. de, 324 Baer, Karl A., 283 Baeschlin, C. Fritz, 261 Bagrow, Leo, 309, 322 Bailey, C. E. G., 263 Bailey, Sir E., 270, 340 Bailey, E. W., 272, 334 Bailey, I. W., 274 Bailly, J.-S., 32I Bain, H. M., Jr., 340 Bainton, R. H., 257, 3Io Baird, S. F., 333 Baitsell, George, 258 Baker, J. R., 323

347



348 INDEX TO EIGHTY-FIRST CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

Baldacd, Antonio, 306 Baldwin, Ernest, 258 Ballot, 328 Balss, Heinrich, 296 Banachiewicz, T., 267 Banfi, Florio, 309

Bang, Bernhard, 339 Banks, Sir J., 323

Banno, Masatika, 304

Banse, E., 332

Barani, Syed Hasan, 30I

Barber, Bernard, 262

Barbieri, Lodovico Maria, 3I8

Bargellini, Piero, 3I6

Barker, Sir Ernest, 256 Barnes, B. A., 283 Barnes, E. W., 340

Barraclough, June, 313

Bartulovic, Petar, 280

Bartholinus, Erasmus, 322

Bartholoti, Io. Iac, 312

Bartolotti, Gian Giacomo, 313 Barton, J. R., 278 Bartram, William, 323, 324

Baruk, H., 302, 343, 345 Barzun, Jacques, 272

Basler Veriffentlichungen z. Gesch. d. Med., 277

Baston, Harold, 274

Bath, Marquess of, 327

Bate, Henri, 297

Ibn Battita, 298

Bataillon, Marcel, 305

Baumann, E. D., 311

Baumer, F. L., 252

Bausani, A., 300

Bawden, F. C., 340

Beall, 0. T., Jr., 324

Beard, C. A., 257

Beatty, F. M., 3I8

Beaujouan, Guy, 295

Beaumont Memorial, 335 Beck, L. J., 313

Becker, B., 312

Becker, Oskar, 265 Beclard, 335 Becquerel, Henri, 330, 332

Beddoes, 335 Bedford, Duke of, 298

Beecher, H. K., 335 Beeckman, 321

Beekman, F., 324

Beeckman, Isaac, 313

Beer, Arthur, 267 Behring, E. v., 339 Beierlein, Paul Reinhard, 309

Beintker, Erich, 292

Bell, Whitfield J., Jr., 277, 324

Bellardi, C. A. L., 333 Belloni, Luigi, 296, 297, 311,

3313, 324, 345 Below, Karl-Heinz, 292

Belt, Elmer, 309, 31I

Benassi, Enrico, 323

Benelux Congress, 252

Benevenutus Hierosolymitanus, 298

Benjamin of Tudela, Rabbi, 294

Benjamin, A. C., 260

Benjamin, F. S., Jr., 295, 301,

345 Benivieni, Antonio, 3II

Benzi, Ugo, 298, 3II

Bergman, T. O., 32I

Bergson, 264

Berk, Dusan, 280

Berkeley, George, 3I5

Berkeley, 324

Berman, Alex, 335 Bernal, J. D., 328

Bernard, C., 333, 334, 337 Beresford, Maurice, 270

Beringer, C. C., 270

Berlin-Milleron, 258

Berr, Henri, 344, 346 Berry, A. J., 269

Berriman, A. E., 26I

Berthollet, 3I8

BerzeHus, J. J., 31I8, 331I

Betts, E. M., 323

Bevan, Sylvanus, 283

Bianchini, Giovanni, 296

Bichat, Xavier, 324

Bidney, David, 276

Bied-Charreton, Rene, 283

Biezais, Heralds, 263

Bilt, J. van der, 330

Binet, Leon, 302, 345 Birashk, Ahmad, 254

Bircher, E., 273

Birembaut, A., 283, 317, 3I8,

322, 343 al-Birilni, 298, 301

Bischler, W., 277

Bischoff, Bernard, 294

Bishop, W. J., 327

Bittar, E. E., 302

Black, Joseph, 318, 321

Black, Patrick, 339 Blackwelder, R. E., 342

Blagden, Sir C., 3313, 318

Blake, J. B., 275, 277, 325

Blake, William, 326

Blanchard, Louis, 339 Blasius of Parma, 296

Blewitt, Mary, 271

Bloch, Felix, 258

Bloch, Joshua, 255

Block, E. A., 325

Blondheim, S. H., 286 Bliih, Otto, 267

Blumenbach, J. F., 324

Blumenbach's Library, 333 Blumer, Walter, 308 Boas, Franz, 343 Boas, Marie, 318

Bober, Harry, 297 Bochalli, R., 335 Bochefiski, I. M., 290

Bock, Hieronymus, 309

Bodde, Derk, 304

Bodenheimer, F. S., 29I, 299,

30I, 346 Bodin, Jean, 307

Bockman, P., 293

Boehner, Philotheus, 295

Boenheim, F., 333, 335 Boerhaave, 256, 318, 320, 326 Boessneck, J., 286 Boethius, 295, 298

Bottger, Herbert, 309, 333 Boker, Robert, 290

Bogert, M. T., 330

Bok, B. J., 340

Boldrini, Marcello, 263 Bondi, Hermann, 258 Bonelli, M. L., 26I

Boni, Bruno, 318

Bonnet, Charles, 324

Bonow, E. R., 283

Boring, E. G., 258

Born, Max, 340

Bornkamm, H., 293

Bonsenyor, Jafuda, 298

Boscovich, Father Roger, 321

Boulton, M. R., 328

Bourbon, Nicolas, 307

Boureau, Ed., 274

Bourgey, Louis, 292

Bourgin, Georges, 339 Bowen, H. G., 283

Boyer, Carl B., 252, 264, 290,

295

Boyle, 315, 318, 320

Boym, Michael, 316 Bown, Ralph, 343 Boyd, J. P., 257

Braddick, H. J. J., 267 Bradley, Richard, 282

Bradwardine, Thomas, 296

Brahe, Tycho, 308

Brahmer, Mieczyslaw, 308 Braidwood, R. J., 286 Brannon, M. A., 252

Brans, P. H., 283

Branson, C. C., 262

Brasch Newton Collection, 318 Breche, Jean, 298

Bredon, Simon, 294

Bredow, Gerda von, 295

Breguet, A.-L., 327

Breitner, Burghard, 277

Brewer, Constance, 318 Brian, Tho., 327

Bridbury, A. R., 297

Bridgman, P. W., 258

Briggs, L. J., 340

Brinton, Crane, 256

Brion, Marcel, 305

Broadhurst, R. J. C., 302

Brockbank, Wiliam, 260, 277,

325

Brode, W. R., 258, 340

Brodin, Gosta, 296

Brodman, Estelle, 277

Brody, Irwin A., 302

Broglie, Louis de, 268, 340, 341



INDEX TO EIGHTY-FIRST CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 349 Bronowski, J., 258 Brotmacher, Leon, 286 Broussonet, P. M. A., 324 Brouwer, Dirk, 267 Brown, G. H., 277 Brown, R. W., 285 Brown, S. C., 268, 313, 323 Brown, Sanford C., 3i8 Brown, William, 264 Browne, C. A., 269 Browne, Sir T., 325, 336, 346 BrozoviW, Leander, 280 Bruce, Sir David, 277, 278 Brueghel, 3311 Brues, Austin, 343 Bruhl, A., 264 Bruins, E. M., 292 Brumbaugh, R. S., 291 Brun, Viggo, 329 Brunet, Pierre, 317, 344 Bruno, Giordano, 308 Bry, Ilse, 262 Buccar, M., 283 Buchanan, George, 308 Buchanan, Handasyde, 274 Buchdahl, G., 258 Buchholz, A., 339 Buchler, Justus, 328 Buhler, C. F., 296 Buess, H., 277, 325 Bull, Ludlow, 257 Bunsen, 3331 Burch, G. B., 290 Burger, D., 3i8, 339 Burley, Walter, 296 Burlingame, Roger, 283 Burne, R. H., 340 Burnes, C. L. C., 335 Burns, R. M., 26i Burnham, J. C., 333 Burrows, Millar, 257 Burroughs, 334 Burton, Jane, 274 Burton, Robert, 281 Bury, J. B., 257 Buser, E. R., 277, 278 Bush, Vannevar, 262, 283, 284,

340 Busson, Henry, 307 Bustarret, J., 274 Butterfield, L. H., 257, 321

Buyers, R. F., 260 Buzzati-Traverso, A., 263 Byrne, J. J., 325 Byron family, 325

Cabanis, 326 Cahen, Gustave, 252

Caius, John, 312

Calder, Ritchie, 252

Caley, E. R., 287 Callus, D. A., 293 Cam, H. M., 295 Cameron, G. C., 257 Cameron, H. C., 323 Campaigne, E., 330

Campanus of Novara, 295

Camper, Petrus, 327

Cannizzaro, 269 Cannon, Walter B., 262

Capella, Martianus, 294

Capucci, B., 323

Caquot, Albert, 265 Caraka Samhita, 303

Cardano, 308

Cordier, E. M., 260

Cardiff, I. D., 252

Cardini, Maria Timpanaro, 26I

Cardoner Planas, A., 298

Carles, J., 274

Carmody, F. J., 301

Carnap, 259, 340

Carnot, 328, 330, 331

Carpenter, Nan Cooke, 311 Carreras Artau, Joaquin, 293

Carreras 't Artau, Tomis, 328

Carter, G. F., 2 75

Cartwright, F. F., 335 Casas, Bartolomeo de las, 310

Case, J. I., 339 Caspar, Max, 320

Casper, 268 Cassirer, Ernst, 313, 314

Castellion, Sebastien, 308, 311

Castiglioni, A., 3310, 344 CatUlogo de Autores de la Bib-

lioteca (Tetuan), 299

Catalogo degli strumenti, 26I

Catalogus Codicum, 292

Catalogus van de historische Boeken, 269

Cathcart, E. P., 340

Catone, G., 342

Caulfield, E., 325

Cavalieri, Bonaventura, 317 Cavard, Pierre, 311

Cavendish, 3 20

Cebygev, P. L., 266 Cecropia, 308

Cennini, Cenino d'Andrea, 309

Centenary, Netherlands Tele- graph, 339

Cervantes, Vicente, 324

Chab, Vaclav, 329

Chabanier, Eugene, 290

Chacon, Dr. T. Romay, 338 Chadefaud, M., 274

Chaldecott, J. A., 268, Challinor, J., 322

Challus, Paul, 344 Champier, Symphorien, 311 Chandler, C. F., 330

Chandler, S. B., 313

Chanson, A., 333 Chanute, Octave, 344 Chapman, W. B., 338 Chapman-Huston, D., 283

Chappe, d'Auteroche, 3I8, 328

Chapuis, Albert, 327

Charcot, 339 Charles I, 326

Chasles, 329

Chastel, A., 305

Chateillon, 307, 312

Chaucer, 308 Chehade, Abdul-Karim, 302

Chekhov, Anton, 335 Cheselden, William, 325, 327

Chevalier, Aug., 335 Cheyne, James, 309

Chia K'uei, 290

Chiarugi, Vmcenco, 326 Childe, V. G., 256, 285 Chipman, R. A., 3I8 Christman, R. G., 339 Christopher, J. B., 256 Church, Alonzo, 264 Cicero, 3 12

Ciferri, R., 333 Clagett, Marshall, 295, 296, 345 Claghorn, G. S., 290

Clairaut, 317

Clark, 332

Clark, Charles Upson, 3311

Clark, Sir G., 256 Clark, J. S., 278 Clark, Kenneth W., 255

Clark, J. T., S.J., 265 Clark, S. P., 325

Clark, W. B., 322

Clarke, G. N., 256 Classem, E., 277

Clavius, Christopher, 308 Cleaves, F. W., 304

Cleghorn, R. A., 28I Clerc, Charly, 26I Clifford, W. K., 328 Clow, Archibald, 283 Clowes, G. S. L., 271 Cmelik, S., 293

Cockcroft, Sir J., 340, 341

Cogrossi, C.-F., 324, 325

Cohen, M. C., 252

Cohen, Hennig, 313

Cohen, I. B., 252, 253, 26I, 268, 278, 313, 314, 3I8, 319, 326,

340 Cohen, John, 260

Cohen, R. S., 252

Cohn, A. E., 343 Cohn, Edwin, 343 Cohn, Z., 302

Coladon, 334 Colden, Cadwallader, 326 Cole, A. H., 257

Cole, Humphrey, 26I Cole, R. J., 333 Cole, W. Sterling, 262 Coleby, L. J. M., 3I8 Coleman, J. A., 268 Collinder, Per, 271

Collocott, T. C., 271

Colnort, Suzanne, 344 Columbia University, 330 Columbus, 271, 298, 310, 314

Combe, William, 327

Conant, James B., 258, 269, 38 Conant, Kenneth J., 295




Condit, Carl W., 252

Condon, E. U., 258, 262 Condorcet, 313, 314

Confucius, 304

Constable, Giles, 293

Constantin I'Africain, 298 Contant, Jean-Paul, 3I8, 323

Cook, Capt., 322

Cooke, Jr., H. L., 300

Cooley, D. A., 335 Coolidge, J. L., 345 Coonen, L. P., 272, 274, 342

Cope, T. D., 313 Cope, Sir Zachary, 278, 325

Copernicus, N., 308, 309, 315

Copley, Sir G., 313, 3I6

Copley Medal, 3I6

Corbett, 0. R., 325

Corbett, P. E., 292

Corbin, Henry, 300 Cornaro, Luigi, 3I3

Cornelissen, Norbert, 334 Coro, A. J., 336 Coronelli, Vincenzo, 322

Corpus commentariorum Aver- rois, 30I

Correa, Abbe, 328 Correia, Maximo, 3I0

Corsini, Andrea, 26I, 344, 345 Cortesio, Ammando, 3I0

Corti, A., 323

Corticelli, A., 335 Costabel, Pierre, 318 Cottrell, G. W., Jr., 309 Coullaud, 335 Coulomb, 269, 328 Coulson, T., 330

Court, N. A., 317

Cousin, 256 Coutant, V., 292 Couvreur, A., 325

Cramer, F. H., 292

Crandall, R., 257

Crane, Verner W., 3I8

Cranefield, P. F., 330

Cranstone, B. A. L., 286 Crawford, F. S., 301 Crawford, 0. G. S., 283

Crew, Henry, 345 Crile, 335 Cripps, E. C., 283 Croce, B., 257, 308 Crombie, A. C., 252, 296, 300

Crommelin, C. A., 267 Cromwell, Oliver, 3I7

Crone, G. R., 27I

Crosby, H. L., Jr., 296 Crouzas, J.-P. de, 314, 318 Cruveilher, Jean, 325

Cruz Hernindez, Miguel, 30I Cruz, Oswaldo, 339 Cugnot, 328

Culbertson, Th. A., 334 Currier, T. F., 335 Cutler, H. C., 286 Curie, M. S., 330

Curwen, E. Cecil, 276 Cyprian, 290

Dagher, Joseph, 299

Dainville, Fransois de, S.J., 265

D'Alembert, 317

Dalton, 270, 320, 330, 331

Damon, W. A., 278 Dampier, W. C., 340 Dante, 296 Dantzig, D. van, 317

Dantzig, Tobias, 265, 329

Daquin, Giuseppe, 325

Darby, H. C., 293

Darlington, C. D., 263 Darrow, G. M., 274

Darrow, K. K., 330

Darwin, Charles, 264, 272, 334 Darwin, Erasmus, 324

Daumas, Maurice, 313, 327

David, Charles, 269 Davidson, H. B., 345 Davidson, M., 263 Davies, Arthur, 3I0

Davies, M., 278 Davis, Richard Beale, 328 Davy de Virville, 274

Davy, Humphrey, 268, 33I, 332,

335 Davy, Norman, 3I3

De Bakey, M. E., 335 De Beer, Sir G., 3I4, 323

De Graaf, 325

De Laszlo, Henry, 286 De Moivre, Abraham, 3I7 De Orus, Juan J., 267 Dechend, H., 330

Dedale, 328 Degenhard, Ursula, 258 DeGolyer Collection, 255

Deichgraber, Karl, 290

Deischer, C. K., 269 Del Guerra, G., 257, 292, 309

Delacourcelle, D., 31I

Delaruelle, Louis, 312

Delatte, Armand, 285 Della Porta, G. B., 308 Delorme, Suzanne, 3I4, 3I8, 344 Dennis, Wayne, 255

Denonain, J.-J., 325

Dentan, Robert C., 257

Deo, S. B., 303 Der Winderaufbau des deutschen

Museums, 260

Desargues, 3I7

Desault, P.-J., 325

Descartes, 256, 264, 313, 314,

315, 3I6, 3I7 Deslandres, H. A., 340

Deslisle, Jerome, 324

Deutsch, J. A., 276 DeVoto, B., 332

DeVries, Hugo, 334 Dewailly, Ph., 273

Dewey, John, 258, 340

Dewhirst, D. W., 318 Dewhurst, K., 325, 335 DeWitt, N. W., 290

Dexter, R. W., 333 Dibner, Bern, 255, 268 Dice, L. R., 272

Dictionnaire de biographie franqaise, 257

Dicquemare, Abb6 J.-F., 324 Diderot, 313, 314, 315, 317

Dieckman, Herbert, 314

Diepgen, Paul, 278, 335, 344, 345

Dijksterhuis, E. J., 252, 26I, 321

Dingle, Herbert, 252, 258, 268, 34I

Dingler, Hugo, 345 Dinkler, Erich, 257

Dioscorides, 291, 309, 312

Dirichlet, 330

Dissertations, Hist. Sci., 252

Dittrick, Howard, 345 Dixon, H. H., 340

Dobrovici, Antoine, 292

Dobson, J. M., 325

Dobzhansky, Theodosius, 342

Doctorates, Hist. Sci., 252

Dodd, L. E., 268 Dodd, Stuart C., 262

Dodds, Sir Charles, 325

Dodoens, Rembert, 309, 323

Dodson, E. O., 333 Doe, J., 262

Doeblin, W., 340

Dohrn, R., 273

Domenico of Ragusa, 298 Doney, Willis, 3I4

Doorman, G., 297

Doppler, Christian, 33I

Doubin6, Ariel, 308 Dover, Thomas, 327

Dow, Sterling, 255, 288 Downey, Glanville, 270 Drabkin, I. E., 292

Drachmann, A. G., 290

Dragojaevus, Joannes, 280 Drake, Stillman, 308, 3I9

Drake, T. G. H., 278

Dresdk, Ante, 280

Dresden, Arnold, 267, 291 Dressel, Paul L., 26I Drubba, H., 271, 330

Drummond, J. C., 340

Dryden, H. L., 283, 340, 343 Duarte, Dom, 28I Dubler, Cesar E., 29I, 309 Dubos, Jean, 278

Dubos, R. J., 278, 333 DuBridge, L. A., 34I

Duchesne, Ernest, 338 Duerr, K., 295

Dufrenoy, Jean, 278, 322

Dufrenoy, Marie-Louise, 278, 322

Dugas, Ren6, 318



INDEX TO EIGHTY-FIRST CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 35I

Dujmugi6, S., 280 Duke, Neville, 343 Duli*re, W. L., 290, 302

Dulieu, Louis, 325 Dumaitre, Paule, 280 Dumas, J. B., 335 Dumont, Paul-Emile, 303 Duncan, E. H., 3I4

Duner, Joseph, 3I4 Dunham, A. L., 339 Dunlop, D. M., 299 Durand, M., 326 Durkheim, Emile, 263, Duveen, D. I., 3I4, 318, 325, 330 Duvic, G.-O., 333 Duyvendak, Prof., 304

Dvoichenko-Markov, E., 335 Dvorjetski, Marc, 278 Dwight, C. Harrison, 3I9

Dyck, Walther von, 320

Dykstra, D. L., 335

Earnest, E., 336 Easton, S. C., 257, 293

Ebbecke, U., 333 Eckert, Helmut, 325

Eckhart, Meister, 295

Edel, Abraham, 263 Eddington, A. S., 264, 34I

Edsall, J. T., 262

Edsman, C.-M., 263 Edwards, R. W., 336 Edward VII, 268 Ehrlich, Paul, 336, 337, 339 Eightieth Critical Bibliography,

255

Eimer & Amend, 26I Einhoven [William] Exhibition,

333 Einstein, Albert, 254, 257, 26I,

262, 268, 308, 319, 340, 34I, 342

Eis, Gerhard, 278, 298

Eiseley, L. C., 286, 333, 335 Eisenhower, 257

Ekmarck, L. A., 33 I Ellenbog, Ulrich, 3I2

Elton, Arthur, 284 Emerson, A. E., 262

Emerson, R. W., 334 Emery, R. W., 345 Emmerkar, 287 Engel, H., 323 Engelbert of Admont, 293 Ennin, 305

Epicurus, 290

Epstein, H., 273

Erasmus, 305, 307

Eratosthenes, 29I

Erhard, H., 292 Erasmus, Desiderius, 305

Erickson, R. W., 343 Erycius Puteanus, 307

Esche, Sigrid, 309

Espenschied, L., 3I9

Espino, Jose Manuel, 278

Esslinger, William, 262

Essig, Jean, 265

Estienne, Charles, 3I2

Estienne, Robert, 305

Etkin, William, 262

Euclid, 289, 29I, 296

Eudoxus, 29I

Euler, 266, 317, 256, 32I

Eutocius, 29I

Evans, A. P., 345, 296

Evans, M. G., 265

Evershed, J., 34I

Eves, Howard, 265

Exposito, C. R., 336 Eyles, Joan M., 252, 323

Eyles, V. A., 252, 255, 314, 322,

332

Fabri, Wenceslas, 309

Fairbank, J. K., 304

Faraday, 264, 268, 332

Farber, Eduard, 258, 269, 275,

34I Farmer, H. G., 30I

Farr, L. E., 258

Farrell, B. A., 2 76

Farrukh, Omar, 299

Fatih, 303

Favaro, Giuseppe, 306

Federal Government, 262

Feigenbaum, Aryeh, 302

Feldhaus, F. M., 284

Feldmann, J., 274

Ferckel, Christoph, 298

Fermi, Enrico, 34I

Fernandez, Manuel Gimenez, 310

Ferri, Rafo, 280

Ferrio, Luigi, 325

Fertig, H. H., 325

Festschriften, Index of Classical, 289

Festugiere, Andre Jean, 292

Fettweis, Ewald, 266 Feuchtersleben, Baron E. v.,

335 Feuerbach, K. W., 329

Ficin, Marsile, 305

Fierz, Markus, 319

Figuier, 328

Filiozat, Jean, 303

Finch, J. S., 336 Finlay, C. J., 336 Firdausi, 300

Firinger, Kamilo, 280

Firkovic, Cvito, 280

Fisch, Max H., 3II

Fischel, Walter J., 299

Fischer, H., 345 Fischer, 332

Fisher, James, 273, 274

Fisher, Sir Ronald, 266 Flascher, Ludwig, 268 Flavus, translation, 313

Fleckenstein, J. O., 258

Fleetwood, John, 278

Fleming, Sir A., 331

Fleming, Donald, 252, 292, 325,

336 Flew, Anthony, 258 Flint, R. F., 285 Florkin, Marcel, 278, 279

Floyer, John, 327

Foley, M. G., 319, 323 Folius, Caecilius, 327

Folkes, Martin, 315

Fontana, Felice, 323

Food Gathering to Food Produc- tion, 286

Foote, G. A., 328

Forbes, R. J., 253, 284 Ford, C., 335 Forenbaher, August, 280 Forest, Bernard de la, 309

Forrester, J. M., 292

Forster, George, 334 Forster, L., 326 Foster, Rev. K., 300

Fothergill, P. G., 272

Fouquelin, 307

Fowler, G. B., 293

Fox, L. E., 283 Fracastoro, Gerolamo, 3II Francis, W. W., 326

Franqon, Marcel, 308 Fran~ois, Alexis, 305

Frank, J. P., 326

Frank, Philipp S., 253, 258 Franke, N. H., 336 Franklin, Benjamin, 267, 268,

3I3, 314, 316, 318, 319, 320, 322, 325, 326, 332

Franklin, K. J., 342

Franklin Institute, 314

Fredericq, Leon, 333 Free Voice At the Moscow Uni-

versity Bicentennial, 262

Freedman, B., 336 Freedman, B. J., 336 Freeth, F. A., 340

Freiesleben, H. C., 27I

Fresnel, Agustin, 268 Fresow, Berthold, 314

Freud, Anna, 336 Freud, Sigmund, 257, 276, 336,

337, 338, 339 Freudenthal, Hans, 3I7

Frison, Ed., 333 Fritsch, F. E., 340 Fritz, Kurt, 289

Froehner, Reinhard, 273 Fromm, Erich, 258 Frumkin, M., 327

Fuck, Johann, 299

Fueter, Eduard, 257, 26I

Fuller, Margaret, 334 Fulton, J. F., 279, 308, 3II, 319,

344, 346 Fung Yu-Lan, 304

Gabrieli, F., 299

Gadamer, H.-G., 293




Galdston, Iago, 276, 279, 298,

336 Galen, 292, 293, 302

Galileo, 252, 268, 3I7, 3I8, 319,

32I

Gallagher, L. J., S.J., 304

Galton, Francis, 334 Galvani, Luigi, 3I9, 323

Gandhi, 264 Gandz, Solomon, 30I, 345 Gangoly, 0. C., 305

Gansiniec, Ryszard, 308 Ganzenmiuller, W., 297

Garboe, Axel, 322

Garfinkle, Norton, 314

Garin, Eugenio, 306, 308, 3I2

Garrod, L. P., 340

Gassendi, 32I

Gatland, K. W., 284, 343 Gaume, R., 274

Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 268, 329

Gedda, Luigi, 273

Geiser, S. W., 342

George, Andre, 340, 34I

Geminus, Thomas, 312

Gerardo Cremonensi, 295

Gerecke, Ed., 339 Gerhardt, O., 273

Gerocarni, Bruno, 323

Gershtein, Ju., 322

Gerson, Rabbi Ben Shlomon D'Arles, 30I

Ghaswala, S. K., 284 Ghibellini, Isidoro, 3II Gibbs, Josiah W., 33I, 332

Gibson, E. H., III, 336 Gibson, W. C., 253, 279

Gilbert, B. B., 336 Gilbert, Paul, 253

Gilbert, 268, 313, 321

Gille, B., 297

Gillespie, Leonard, 337 Gillings, R. J., 287, 3I7

Gillis, J. B., 260 Gilmore, H. R., 336 Ginsberg, H. I., 287 Giordano, Davide, 345 Giustiniani-Kepinskiej, K., 308 Glareanus, 308 Glass, H. B., 3I4

Glesinger, Lavoslav, 280 Glock, W. S., 274

Gloden, A., 253, 346 Gnedenko, B. V., 329

Gode, P. K., 303

Goerke, Heinz, 323

Goethe, 314, 316, 322, 323, 320,

324, 326, 328 Goeze, J. A. E., 324

Goiffon, J.-B., 282

Gold, E., 340

Goldammer, Kurt, 306 Golder, H. Q., 270

Goldschmid, Edgar, 343 Goldschmidt, E. P., 306, 345 Goldschmidt, R. B., 342

Goncalves, 3I0

Gooch, G. P., 257

Goodall, A. L., 279, 336 Goodey, Tom, 340

Goodman, Nelson, 259

Goodrich, L. Carrington, 304

Goody, W., 338 Gordon, B. L., 287

Gordon, Hirsch Loeb, 276

Gordon, M. H., 340

Gori, Vittorio, 268 Gorst, Sir J. E., 336 Gortani, Michele, 306 Gotfredsen, Edv., 279

Gould, S. H., 290, 308

Gowen, J. W., 342

Graefe, A. v., 339 Grandjean, S., 307

Granger, G. G., 3I4

Grant, R. M., 290

Grapow, H., 287

Grattan, J. H. G., 298 Graubard, Mark, 285

Gray, Ronald D., 328 Gray, Stephen, 256, 3I8, 320

Green, R. M., 292

Green, V. H. H., 293

Greene, J. C., 276, 3I9

Greenwald, Isidor, 279

Gregg, J. R., 272

Gregoire, Franqois, 3I9 Gregoire de Montelongo, 298 Gregory, J. C., 3I9

Greinacher, H., 34I

Greve, Marcel de, 3II

Griffenhagen, G. B., 283, 336 Grigg, E. R. N., 279

Grimaldi, 32I

Gripekoven, Jeanne, 304

Grmek, M. D., 279, 280, 293,

298, 326 Gronowicz, Antoni, 336 Gross, M. W., 346 Grosseteste, Robert, 293, 294,

295, 296

Grossman, W., 3I4

Grosvenor, Gilbert, 342

Gruber, George B., Gruby, 337, 338

Grunbaum, Adolf, 268, 290

Grilnebaum, G. E., V., 299

Guelis, Germain Vaillant de, 3II Guericke, 268 Guerlac, Henry, 3I4, 3I9

Gueroult, Martial, 3I4

Guggenbuhl, Laura, 329

Guillaumin, 274

Guinner, Ph., 274

Guitard, E. H., 283 Gulabkunverba, Shree, 303

Gulick, Addison, 269 Gummere, R. M., 323

Gunther, R. T., 294

Guthrey, N. H., 336 Guthrie, Douglas, 279, 345 Guillaumin, A., 275

Haan, D. B. de, 338 Haardt, Robert, 271, 322 Haber, Francis C., 263 Hadamard, Jacques, 329 Haehl, Richard, 337 Hafiz, 300

Hahn, Andre, 280

Hahn, Roger, 253, 3I9 Hahnemann, S. F. C., 337 al-Ha'ik, 300 Ibn al-Haitham, 30I Haldane, E. S., 264, 3I4 Hales, Rev. D., 3I5 Halford, F. J., 337 Hall, A. R., 253, 284, 320, 330 Hall, Harvey P., 255 Haller, Albrecht, 323, 325, 326 Hamilton, W. R., 330

Hammett, L. P., 330

Hampshire, Stuart, 313 Hamshaw, T. H., 253 Han Yiu, 304

Hanckwitz, A. G., 320, 253 Hanke, Lewis, 3I0 Hansel, C. E. M., 260

Hanson, N. R., 268 Harant, Herve, 274, 280

Hardie, D. W. F., 330 Hardie, J. B., 298

Harlan, J. R., 274

Harland, S. C., 340, 342 Harnwell, Gaylord P., 3I4 Harriot, Thomas, 256, 3I7 Harris, F., 278

Harrison, J. P., 328 Harrison, T. P., 323

Hartmann, Hans, 3I0

Hartmann, MaX, 259

Hartmann, Nicolai, 259 Hartner, Willy, 290, 301, 304,

308, 330, 255 Harvey, S. C., 338 Harvey, William, 323, 324, 326,

325 Haslam, John, M.D., 337 Hassan, Zaky Mohammed, 300 Hatt, Gudmund, 276 Haiuy, 256 Hausman, Louis, 337 Havelock, E. H. E., 340 Hawkins, D. J. B., 294 Hay, William H., 259 Hayek, F. A., 328 Hayes, W. C., 287 Hayme, L. E., 342 Hayward, J. Y., 284 Hazard, H. W., 300 Hazard, Paul, 3I4 Heath, Sir T., 29I

Heathcote, N. H. de V., 320,

34I Hebbel, E. H., 323

Hebenstreit, E. G. B., 323 Heim, R., 274

Heinrichs, Kaiser, 267 Heiskanen, W. A., 271



INDEX TO EIGHTY-FIRST CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 353 HeHer, S., 289, 29I

Helm, Jacob, 337 Hellman, A. M., 345 Hellman, C. D., 308 Henderson, Sir D. K., 337 Henlein, Peter, 298 Henry, Joseph, 330, 332

Henry, 268 Henshaw, Paul S., 286 Heraclitus, 289, 290

Herber, Elmer C., 333 Herder, 3I6 Herissay, Jacques, 345 Hermann, Jean, 3I7

Hermelink, Heiner, 320

Hermes, 298 Hermes Trimegiste, 29I, 302

Heron, F. Germain, 294

Heron, 29I

Herringham, Lady, 309

Herriott, R. M., 330

Herrlinger, Robert, 3II Herschel, William, 32I

Herskovits, M. J., 343 Hertling, L. v., 300

Hertz, 268 Hertzberger, Menno, 256 Heslop-Harrison, J. W., 272

Hesse, G., 330

Hesse, M. B., 268 Heucher, J. H., 327

Heuse, E. O., 342

Heuss, Theodor, 260 Hewitt, P. C., 339 Hewson, Commander 27I

Heydenreich, L. H., 294, 306 Heyl, P. B., 268 Heymans, C., 333 Heywood, H., 3I5

Hickman, 335 Hiebert, E. N., 268 Higgins, B. B., 274

Higgins, William, 33I

Higginson, CoI., 334 Hildebrand, E. M., 262

Hildrebrand, Joel H., 26I, 262

Hill, A. V., 260

Hiller, J., 3I0

Hindle, Brooke, 3I5

Hintzsche, Erich, 326, 337 Hippocrates, 298, 302

Hirshfeld, M., 330 Hirst, L. F., 280 History of Science, Actes du

VIe Congres, 253

History, Philosophy and Sod- ology of Science, Conference, 253

Hixson, A. W., 330

Hlavaty, Vaclav, 340 Hobson, E. W., 266 Hoch, J. H., 269 Hocquette, M., 274

Hodge, W. H., 274

Hodgen, Margaret T., 257, 30g Hoebel, E. A., 276, 286

Hof, Hans, 295

Hofert, Hans-Joachim, 259 Hofer, Philip, 309

Hoffman, Ernst, 295

Hofmann, J. E., 265, 266, 3I0,

3I7

Hoffmann, K. F., 280

Holbrook, S. H., 339 Holmberg, A., 33I

Holmes, 0. W., 335 Holmes, Sherlock, 335 Holmyard, E. J., 260, 30I

Holt, A. C., 337 Holton, Gerald, 268 Home, Dr. F., 325

Homer, 292

Honigsheim, Paul, 328

Hoover, H. C., 3I0

Hoover, Lou H., 3I0

Hooke, Robert, 3I7, 324

Hooykaas, R., 322

Hopf, N. J., 343 Hoppe, Willy, 258 Horder, Lord, 280

Horine, E. F., 2 78

Horn, S. H., 30I

Horsford, E. N., 33I

Hosack, David, 280

Howard, 325

Howe, M. deW., 262

Hoyt, W. G., 270

Huard, Pierre, 282, 326 Huber, Peter, 287

Hughes, Arthur, 315

Hujer, Karel, 320, 33I

Humbert, P., 260, 345 Humboldt, A. v., 332, 334 Hume, 264, 3I5

Humphreys, Christmas, 305

b. Hunayn, IshIaq, 302

Hunger, F. W. T., 274

Hunningher, B., 293

Hunter, John, 324, 327, 325

Hunter, William, 324

Hunsaker, J. C., 343 Hustin, 335 Hutchinson, G. E., 253

Hutton, James, 322

Huygens, Cristian, 268, 3I8

Huxley, Julian, 258 Hyatt, 333

lamblicus, 292

Ibafiez Varona, Ren6, 280 Ifor Evans, B., 263 Ignatius Aquilini, Fra, 280 Ihde, A. J., 269 Ilacomilus, Martinus, 309 Iltis, Anne, 333 Ingenhousz, Jan, 32I Ingraham, M., 270

International Council of Scien- tific Unions, 262

Ioannes Philoponos, 302

Irani, Rida A. K., 301

Ishikura, J., 320

Isis, 255 Ibn Iskandar, 30I Istoriko-Matematiceskie Issledo-

vanija, 266 Itard, Jean, 346 Ivanenko, D. D., 33I Iwamoto, Y., 304 Iyer, R. Venkachalam, 303 Izquierdo, J. J., 274, 337, 345

Jackson, Hughlings, 338 Jacquot, Jean, 308, 3x7 Jaeger, E. C., 272 Jamblique, 292 Jamerius, 298 James, 264, 340 Jameson, Robert, 328, 332 Jammer, Max, 268 Jaquerod, Adrien, 284, 343 Jarcho, Saul, 326 Jaramillo-Arange, Jaime, 280 Jansenius, 3I5 Jefferson, Thomas, 323, 328 Jenkins, G. K., 287 Jenner, Edward, 326, 325 Jennings, J. D., 276 Jessop, T. E., 315 Johannes de Tinemue, 295 Johannes Piscator, 307 Johannes Scottus, Pseudo-, 295 John of Gmunden, 295 John of Rupescissa, 296 John, H. J., 333 Johnson, Dr., 316 Johnston, W. H., 268 Johnstone, R. W., 280 Jokl, Ernst, 336 Joliot-Curie, I., 330 Jolly, Julius, 303 Joly, Jean-Paul, 280 Jonckheere, Frans, 287 Jones, E., 337 Jones, Sir H. S., 261 Jones, R. F., 285 Jones, P. S., 317 Jones, Tom, 286 Joravsky, David, 253 Jordanus de Nemore, 296 Jorpes, Erik, 269 Josippon, 298 Jovet, P., 274 Joy, R. J., 337 Ibn Jubayr, 302 Judd, Neil M., 286 Juptner, H., 303 Junes, 302 Juiskevic, A. P., 266, 329

Juzjuni, 300

Kahle, Paul, 302 Kahlenberg, Wilhelm, 292 Kallay, Juraj, 280 Kane, R. J., 332 Kanellis, A., 292 Kanner, Leo, 280 Kant, 264, 323




Karrer, P., 337 al-KishT, 30I

Kashukar, C. G., 303

Kasten, Lloyd, 294

Kaufmann, G. B., 33I

Kawakami, T., 280 Kay, Harry, 276 Keele, K. D., 3II

Keevil, John, 280, 326, 337 Keith, Sir Arthur, 340 Kekule, 268 Kelly, A. D., 280 Kelly, Mervin J., 263 Kemble, E. C., 262 Kendall, E. C., 330 Kendall, James, 269, 33I

Kendrick, Sir T., 27I

Kepler, Johannes, 320

Kepes, Gyorgy, 263 Kerker, Milton, 253, 320

Kerr, J. M. Munro, 280 Kestercanek, Zdenka, 280 Kettering, C. F., 283 Keuning, Johannes, 322

Keynes, Geoffrey, 3I2, 326 Ibn Khaldui, 298

Kibre, Pearl, 294, 345, 346 Kilgour, F. G., 284, 323, 326,

340, 344 Killian, H., 280 al-Kindi, 298

King, L. S., 293

King, R., 33I

Kircher, Athanasius, 3I6 Kirk, G. S., 290 Kisch, Bruno, 337 Kish, George, 3I0

Kleine, H. O., 323 Klemm, Friedrich, 284 Klibansky, Raymond, 315 Klickstein, H. S., 280, 3I4, 318,

325, 330 Kline, Morris, 266 Kluckhohn, Clyde, 258

Knoll, Kurt, 278 Knowles, A. A., 345 Knox, Mons. R., 3I5

Knox, Robert, 327

Knox-Shaw, H., 267 Kobenhavns Universitets Med.

-Hist. Museum, 280 Koch, Robert, 335 Kochan, Lionel, 257

Kocher, Paul H., 306 KBnig, Klaus, 3II

Kohlreuter, Sigismund, 309 Kolb, G. J., 316 Kollonitsch, Grafen, 278

Kollros, Louis, 26I Kolotes, 290

Kondo, H., 268 Kovalevskaja, S. N., 266 Kovalevskaja, s. v., 329

Korbler, Juraj, 3II

Koren, H. J., 259

Kot, Stanislas, 306, 3II

Kotsovsky, Dimu, 280

Koyre, Alexander, 259, 3I7, 320

Kramer, G., 280

Kramer, S. N., 287

Kratchovsky, I. Y., 300

Kratzer, Nicolas, 26I

Kraus, E. J., 258

Krebs, A. T., 268

Kristeller, P. O., 295, 308

Krivec, Oto, 280

Krogman, W. M., 335 Kuhn, Adam, 324

Kuhn, T. S., 320, 33I

Kulik, 266

Kurtz, Stephen, 337 Kuznetsov, B. G., 33I

Kynfin, James, 26I

Labaree, L. W., 257

Lachman, A., 34I

Ladriere, Jean, 263

Lafeuille, Germaine, 298

Laignel-Lavastine, Maxime, 283,

345 Laissus, Yves, 317

Lakshmipathe, A., 303

Lambert, A. M., 323

Lambert, J. H., 32I

Lambrit, Thomas, 26I

La Mer, V. K., 33I

Lamothe, Ing. Gen., 330

Lanchbery, Edward, 343 Lande, Alfred, 34I

Langbein, W. B., 270

Lange, Erwin F., 260

Lan-Ong, 326

Landsdowne, 32I

Lao, Kan, 304

Laplace, 29I, 317, 319

Larsen, Egon, 315

Lastres, J. B., 323

Latil, Pierre de, 259

Lattin, Harriet, 295

Laur, Ernst, 26I

Lavoisier, A. L., 314, 3I8, 319,

320, 32I, 325 Lawrence, R. D., 28I

Lazarsfeld, Paul, 262

Le Comte, E. S., 257 Le Lionnais, F., 329

Le Roy, Louis, 307

Leake, C. D., 287, 304, 345 Leeuwenhoek, A. v., 324

Legear, C. G., 322

Lehman, H. C., 253

Leibbrand, W., 293, 345 Leibniz, 315, 316, 317

Leibowitz, J. O., 308, 3I1

Leigh, Denis, 337 Leikind, Morris C., 280

Leland, W. G., 257

Lennard-Jones, J., 34I

Lenoble, Robert, 280, 322, 346 Lenzen, Victor F., 259, 268

Leo, Emilio, 3II

Leonardo da Vinci, 305, 306, 307, 309, 3I0, 3II, 3I2

Lepine, Pierre, 326 Leprince-Ringuet, L., 34I Lerel, Abraham, 3I5 Lesky, Erna, 293, 326, 337 Lessing, L. P., 344 Lesson, R.-P., 334 Letts, M., 297

Leverrier, 29I

Levey, Martin, 287, 296, 345 Levi ben Gershon, 255 Levillier, Roberto, 3I0 Levison, Gumpertz, 327 Levy, Paul, 340 Levy, Reuben, 30I

Lewinsohn, Richard, 272 Lewis, G. N., 34I Lewis, John, 264 Lewis, W. S., 257 Lewis, 332 Li Shu-Hua, 304 Libby, W. F., 285 Lichtenstein, H., 334 Lieben, Fritz, 270 Lieber, Hans, 323

Liebig, J. v., 330 Ligocki, Edward, 308 Lilley, S., 262 Lincoln, 335, 336 Lind, James, 326 Lindeboom, G. A., 3II, 326 Lindroth, Sten, 327

Lingelbach, W. E. B., 320 Linnaeus, 323, 324 Lipman, F. A., 342

Lippmann, E. O., 285 Lipson, E., 284 Lister, 280, 339 Lithberg, Nils, 266 Littlewood, J. E., 266 Litvak, Dr. A., 343 Liu Hung, 29I

Lobachevsky, 266, 329 Locke, 3I7

Lockemann, G., 33I Lockwood, D. P., 298, 3I1 Loemker, Leroy E., 315 Loening, Grover, 344 Lomonossow, M. W., 320 Long, E. R., 280, 3II Longo, Luigi, 327 Lonicer, 313

Lopes, Francisco Fernandez, 3I0 Lopez, R. S., 295 Lorenz, F. W., 273 Lorenz, Helmut-Johannes, 298 Loria, Gino, 345 Louis, A., 323

Louis, Pierre, 346 Luce, A. A., 315

Luchsinger, J. B., 277, 334 Luckhurst, Kenneth W., 260 Ludwig, Gunther, 258 Lugeon, Maurice, 340 Lull, Ramon, 295



INDEX TO EIGHTY-FIRST CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 355 Lundmark, Knut, 286 Lurie, E., 333, 335 Luther, 3I5

Lynam, E., 27I

Lyons, Dr. R. D., 282

Lysenko, 274, 342

Macarthur, Lt.-Gen. Sir W., 280

McAnally, Arthur, 255

McAtee, W. L., 323

McClelland, C. W., 328 McCloy, Shelby T., 327

McCulloch, W. S., 263 McDermott, J. Fr., 334 MacDonald, Margaret, 259

McFarland, M. W., 344 MacGregor-Morris, J. T., 33I

Mackenzie, W. J. M., 263 MacKinney, L. C., 295

McKusick, V. A., 339 MacNalty, Sir A. S., 337 McNeil, D. R., 28I Machabey, Armand, 284

Machatschek, Fritz, 278 Machelson, Sonya G., 26I Macomber, H. P., 320

Macquer, P.-J., 32I

Maddalena, A., 289

Maddison, R. E. W., 253, 3I5,

320, 323 Madras, Samuel, 253

Maeda, K., 304

Maffei, Scipione, 323

Magellan, 27I

Magnus, Albertus, 294

Mahdihassan, S., 300, 304 Mahr, O., 255

Maier, Anneliese, 295, 296 Maillet, B. de, 322

Maimonides, 255, 302

Mainx, Felix, 272

Major, R. H., 28I, 346 Makhaev, M. I., 322

Malinowski, Bronislaw, 264 Maloney, W. J., 326 Malpighi, Marcello, 323

Maluf, N. S. R., 28I Manchip White, J. E., 276 Mandeville, Sir J., 297

Mangold, Otto, 333 Mann, G., 337 Marafion, Gregorio, 29I, 309

Marcello, 32I

Marchand, J. F., 323

Marenzeller, Matthias, 337 Margarot, Jean, 3I2

Margenau, H., 34I

Margerie, E. de, 342

Margetts, E. L., 28I Marichal, Robert, 3I2

Maron, I. A., 329

Marrou, Henri-Irenee, 257

Marsden, E., 34I

Marten, Benjamin, 282

Marti, 336

Martin, L., 335 Martin, M. E., 326 Martinez, Fernando Valderrama,

300 Martinez Duran, C., 337 Martiny, Marcel, 276 Marzell, Heinrich, 309

Mason, S. F., 253

Masse, Henri, 300

Massey, Irving, 333, 337 Massignon, Louis, 303, 344 Mather, Cotton, 324

Matheson, C., 334 Mathur, G. B., 264 Matousek, Otakar, 253

Matthioli, 3I3

Mauge, Francis, 259

Maupertuis, 314, 323, 324

Mauriac, Pierre, 334, 337 Maurice, A., 332

Maury, 27I

Maxwell, 268, 332

Maxwell, J. C., 330, 33I May, E. F., 260 May, Eduard, 253, 259, 272

May, J. L., 314

Mayer, Andre, 272, 343 Mayer, C. F., 28I, 340, 343 Mayer, L. A., 302

Mayerhof, Max, 302

Mayow, 269, 318, 3I9

Mays, W., 263 Mazzeo, Mario, 28I Mazzuchelli, G. M., 324

Meek, W. J., 345 Meier, Hans, 297

Meiklejohn, A. P., 326 Meiklejohn, M. F. M., 296 Meindl, Rudolf, 28I

Meissner, Georg, 338 Meister, R., 277

Meket-Re', 288 Mendel, 333, 334 Mendelsohn, Isaac, 287

Mercer, S. A. B., 287

Merrett, Christopher, 325

Mersenne, P. Marin, 256, 315, 320

Merton, R. K., 262

Merzbach, Arnold, 28I

Mesmer, F. A., 326, 325

Mesnard, Jean, 315, 317

Mesnard, Pierre, 307, 308 Messner, Julian, 32I

Metcalf, J. George, 337 Metrodora, 292

Metropolis, N., 34I

Metzger, Helene, 263 Meurers, Joseph, 259

Meusnier, 319

Meyer, A., 337 Meyer, G. D., 315

Meyer, Heinrich, 3I0 Meyer, Lothar, 256 Meyer, R. W., 3I5

Meyer-Peter, Eugen, 26I

Meyerhof, Otto, 340, 342

Meyerhoff, 302

Meyerhoff, H. A., 339 Michaelis, G. A., 333 Michal, Maurice, 27I

Michel, Henri, 267, 268, 296 Michel, Paul-Henri, 29I, 346 Michelangelo, 3I3 Michell, 322

Michels, Nicholas A., 28I

Michiel, Marcantonio, 308 Miholic, Stanko, 280 Mikulak, M. W., 340

Miles, G. C., 284 Miles, W. D., 270

Milkov, F. N., 322

Mill, J. S., 328, 329

Millas Vallicrosa, Jose M., 276, 284, 30I, 345, 346

Miller, D. C., 34I

Miller, E. V., 275

Miller, Genevieve, 28I, 326 Miller, Perry, 3I5

Miller, William, 339 Millhauser, M., 328 Millikan, R. A., 320, 34I

Milner, Isaac, 3I8

Milt, B., 326 Milton, 314, 325

Minadois, Gian Tommaso, 3II Minio-Paluello, L., 295 Mintz, Samuel I., 264 Mitchell, S. W., 336, 339 Mitchill, S. L., 337 Mittasch, Alwin, 259, 270

Mocenigo, 32 I

Modona, Aldo Neppi, 289 Moeschlin-Krieg, B., 324

Mogenet, Joseph, 315, 346 Moissan, 332

Moliere, 316 Mollat, Michel, 297

Molyneux, 324

Monachino, J., 28I Monge, 329

Montagu, M. F. Ashley, 3I2

Montaigne, 308 Montafia, L. J., 337 Monteggia, G. B., 327

Montel, Paul, 346 Montesquieu, 324

Moody, E. A., 295, 296 Moon, Parry, 33I

Moore, Barrington, Jr., 262 Moore, C. B., 273 Moore, C. G., 320

Moore, Ruth, 272

Moore, R., 334 Moorman, L. J., 346 Mora, George, 326 Morgagni, 325

Morley, D. W., 273

Mornet, Daniel, 256 Morosow, A. A., 320 Morris brothers, 334 Morus, 272




Morveau, L. B. Guyton de, 32I

Moser, Simon, 259

Moser, von, 260

Mossner, E. C., 3I5

Muller, Johannes, 333 Muller, 0. F., 324

MUller, Reinhold F. G., 303

Muenster, Sebastian, 309

Multhauf, R. P., 296, 312, 326

Mundy, J. H., 345 Munroe, J. A., 338 Munster, Ladislas, 3I2

Muntner, Suessmann, 302, 3I2

Murchie, Guy, 344 Murray, E. G. D., 28I

Muspratts, 330

Nachmansohn, David, 342

Ibn Nafis, 302

Naka-Moriaki, 304

Naiden, J. R., 308

Napoleon Bonaparte, 3I7, 329

Nash, L. K., 269

National Historical Publications, 253

National Science Foundation, 340

Natucci, A., 345 Nauck, E. Th., 28I

Naumann, J. F., 334 Naunyns, Bernhard, 282

Needham, Joseph, 264, 304 Needham, Turberville, 324

Negri, L., 338 Nelson, B. N., 345 Nelson, J. M., 330

Nemenyi, P. F., 340

Neo-Latin Lexicography, 294

Nettleship, 28I

Neuburger, Max, 28I, 346 Neugebauer, O., 288, 253, 29I,

344 Neveu, R., 344 Newcomb, 29I

Newman, James R., 258, 3I7,

328, 334 Newton, 256, 265, 3I3, 3I7, 3I8,

319, 320, 32I

Nicholas Cusanus, 294, 295

Nicolini, F., 308

Nicolle, Jacques, 334 Nielsen, J. Rud, 262

Nightingale, Florence, 335 Nissen, Claus, 273

Niven, W. D., 33I

Nobel, Johannes, 303

Nollet, Abbe, 32I

Norlind, Wilhelm, 308, 3I0 Northrop, F. S. C., 346 Norton, Thomas, 297

Nothman, M. M., 338 Nussbaum, F. L., 3I5

Oberhoffer, M., 326

Obermann, Julian, 257

Oberndorf, C. P., 28I

Obituary Notices, F. R. S., 340

O'Donovan, P. H., 338 Oedipus, 2 76 Oehser, Paul H., 264 CErsted, 256 Oesper, R. E., 330, 330

O'Flaherty, William, 27I

Ohm, 268 Ohoa, Severo, 342

Okamoto, Y., 33I

Olbricht, Peter, 304

Oldfield, R. C., 276 Oldham, J. B., 326 Oliver, Douglas, 286 Olivier, E., 309, 3I2

Oliphant, M. L., 34I

O'Malley, Charles D., 3I2

Oman, J. W., 264 Ong, Walter J., S.J., 307

Oppenheimer, J. M., 273

Ore, Oystein, 308 Oresme, 296 Orton, J. H., 340

Osler, Sir W., 346 Ostachowski, Emilian, 328 Ostrogradskij, M. V., 266, 329

Ostwald, G., 33I

Ostwald, W., 33I

Otradnych, F. P., 329

Oye, E. L. Van, 324

Pacheco, Duarte, 3I0

Pacioli, Luca, 307

Packe, M. St. John, 328 Pagel, W., 28I Pagel-Kroll, Magda, 298 Pages, Franqois, 3I4

Palissy, Bernard, 307, 322

Pamela, 308 Paneth, F. A., 3I6 Panmure, Lord, 282 Pannekoek, A., 29I

Pantagruel, 307

Panurge, 307

Papasyros, N. S., 28I Pape, Ingetrud, 3I6 Papp, Desiderio, 267, 28I, 33I

Paracelsus, 306 Parandowski, Jan, 308 Pardo, Raymundo, 259

Pardubicke, Panstvi, 322

Pare, Ambroise, 3I2

Parefa, Felix Ma, 300

Parente, A., 257

Paris, R., 274

Park, 326 Parker, R. A., 288 Parmenides, 289 Parr, J., 309

Parry, J. W., 2 75

Parsons, Sir C., 344 Partington, J. R., 270, 320, 33I

Partridge, Eric, 285 Pascal, Blaise, 256, 3I5, 3I7

Passer, H. C., 339 Pasteur, 268, 282, 333, 334

Paterson, W. J., 3I6 Patterson, C., 270

Pavlicek, J. B., 329

Pavlov, 257

Paz-Soldin, C. E., 338 Pazzini, Adalberto, 327, 346 Peacock, T. L., 329

Peale, 334 Pearce, Roy H., 286 Pearson, Karl, 328 Pease, A. S., 292

Peck, T. Whitmore, 327

Pedretti, Carlo, 3I0

Peirce, 340

Peirce, Benjamin, 329

Peirce, Charles, 328 Peletier, Jacques, du Mans, 307

Pelseneer, Jean, 254, 262, 307,

329

Pennant, Thomas, 334 Pepys, Samuel, 3I7

Percell, E. M., 268 Peri, Hiram, 300

Perkin, 268 Persico, Enrico, 306 Perucca, Eligio, 268 Pescott, R. T. M., 260

Peset, Dr. V., 282, 3I2

Peter of Modena or Gluchina, 296

Peters, Sir R., 275, 340

Peterson, S. R., 329

Petrarch, 294, 295, 308

Petrovcic, Ferdo, 280

Pettegrove, J. P., 3I3

Petty, Sir W., 3I6

Peyer, B., 3I6

Pfeifer, E. J., 334 Pfeiffer, F. H., 288 Pfeiffer, R. H., 287 Phear, D. N., 327

Phelps, John, 286 Philipsborn, H. v., 273

Phillips, M. H., 280 Phillips, T. D., 320

Picard, Jean, 3I8 Piccini, Sergio, 327, 345 Piel, Gerard, 262, 263 Pierce, J. R., 263

Piltdown Bones, 343 Pinel, 328

Piss-Pot Science, 327 Pius XII, 342

Place, Robin, 285

Plantagenets, 293

Plantin, 307

Plato, 264, 289, 290, 29I, 292,

293

Plessner, M., 297, 302

Pletho, 298

Pliny, 294

Plum, W. B., 33I

Plutarch, 290

Poeverlein, Robert, 260 Poincare, Henri, 329

Pol, Nicolaus, 3II



INDEX TO EIGHTY-FIRST CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 357 Polanyi, Michael, 263 Polhem, Christopher, 327

Polubarinova-Kocina, P. J., 329

Polya, G., 266 Pomerantz, S. I., 328 Pomis, David de, 3I2

Pope, A. U., 298

Popper, William, 300

Porphyre, 292

Porphyrius, 292

Postan, M. M., 294

Postell, W. D., 338 Potzger, J. E., 270

Poupart, H., 33I

Powell, J. W., 332 Powicke, Sir M., 293

Poynter, F. N. L., 307, 327

Pratt, J. H., 338, 343 Precope, John, 28I

Preobranzhensky, A. I., 27I

Prevost, M., 285 Price, Derek J., 26I, 267, 296,

308 Price, Donald, 330

Price, E. G., 338 Priestley, 320, 32I, 322

Primo?i, Damir, 280

Prince, A., 339 Prior, Thomas, 315

Pritchard, J. B., 288 Prix Binoux, 254 Procopius, Father, 320

Przypkowski, T., 308 Ptolemy, 289, 290, 29I, 304

Purkyne, J. E., 333 Putanec, Valentin, 280

Putman, Jacques, 254

Putti, Vittorio, 346 Pythagoras, 29I

Quesada y Miranda, A. de, 336 Quetelet, Adolphe, 335 Quiby, H., 26I

Quiring, Heinrich, 288

Rabelais, 305, 307, 3II, 3I2

Rabbitt, J. C., 270

Rabbitt, Mary C., 270

Radin, Paul, 286 Raeder, Joanne, 3I6 Raeymaeker, Louis de, 263, Raffaello, Cioni, 3I6 Raghavan, V., 304

Rallet, L., 334 Ralph, E. K., 285 Rambaum, 302

Ramgren, Olaf, 269

Ram6n y Cajal, Don S., 337 Ramsauer, Carl, 268 Ramsay, 332

Ramus, 307

Rasetti, F., 34I

Rasis, 298

Rasori, Giovanni, 338 Rasmussen, W. D., 334 Rath, Gernot, 312, 338

Raven, Charles E., 264 Ravin, Arnold W., 28I Ray, John, 323

Read, John, 258 Reaumur, 324

Redfield, Robert, 298 Rehn, J. A. G., 334 Reichardt, GUnther, 255

Reichenbach, Hans, 259

Reier, Herbert, 3I2

Reifer, Mary, 285 Reilly, Conor, S.J., 3I6

Reilly, D., 332

Reimarus, H. S., 324

Reingold, Nathan, 254 Reinhard, Maurice, 329 Reischauer, Edwin 0., 305 Reiser, Oliver L., 259 Remak, 337 Remez, F. Ja., 329 Remezov, Semyon, 322 Renaissance Society of America,

307 Renaudet, Augustin, 307 Rendle-Short, John, 28I Report to Sec. of Commerce, 284 Revista de la Sociedad Venezo-

lana de la Hist. Med., 28I Reychler, Albert, 332

Rhoads, C. P., 336 Ricci, Matthew, 304 Rice, H. G., Jr., 320

Richardson, K. I. T., 269 Richardson, L. F., 340 Richmond, P. A., 338 Rienks 330 Rieppel, F. W., 338 Riese, W., 338 Riesser, H. E., 336 Riis, P. J., 289

Rijksmuseum, 260 Riley, H. P., 342 Rioux, J., 280

Ritchie, John, 28I Rittenhouse, David, 317, 320

Ritter, W. E., 272, 334 Rivialier, E., 274

Roback, A. A., 276, 343 Roberts, K. S., 28I Robertson, M., 278 Robinson, E., 324, 328, 329

Robinson, H. R., 34I

Robinson, H. W., 313

Robyns, W., 324

Rochot, B., 32I, 324

Rodenwaldt, Ernst, 3I2

Rodolico, F., 322

Roelofs, 330 Rohrer, R. M., 277

Roller, Duane, 269

Roller, Duane H. D., 255, 269, 32I

Ronchese, F., 28I Ronchi, Vasco, 254, 273, 308 Roney, J. G., Jr., 286 Rooseboom, Maria, 260, 273, 327

Roosen-Runge, Heinz, 294 Rops, Daniel, 288 Rosa, Andreas, 3I2

Rosa, Johann, 3I2

Rosen, Edward, 294, 307, 32I

Rosen, George, 28I

Rosen, Sidney, 26I, 332

Rosenberg, H. H., 340

Rosenberg, M., 262

Rosenhof, A. R. V., 324

Rosenthal, E. I. J., 300

Rosenthal, Franz, 302

Rosenthal, Jerome, 3I6 Rosenthal, Robert, 346 Rosner, Edwin, 3I2

Ross, G. R. T., 264, 3I4

Ross, Helen, 343 Ross, J. A., 327

Rossi, E., 338 Rostand, Jean, 324, 334 Roth, Cecil, 308

Roth, Eugen, 260

Rothschild, Germaine de, 307

Rothschuh, K. E., 276

Rougier, L., 259

Rounds, Dorothy, 255

Rousseau, J.-J., 323, 328

Rousseau, Pierre, 325

Royal Society of Arts, 260

Rubenstein, B. W., 254

Rubin, M., 285

Rucellai, Bernardo, 3I0

Ruchon, Franqois, 3I0

Rudberg, Fredrik, 339 Runes, Dagobert D., 264, 276 Runge, F. F., 330

Rumford, Count, 3I3, 3I5, 3I8,

3I9, 323, 34I Rush, B., 32I

Rush, James, 337 Russell, A. S., 34I

Russell, Bertrand, 258, 264, 328,

340 Russell, Brian, 28I

Russell, F. S., 340

Russell, K. F., 327

Russo, Franqois, 256 Rybkin, G. F., 266 Rybkin, M. G. F., 329

Rychkov, P. I., 322

Rychkov, R. I., 322

Sachs, A., 282, 287

Sachs, Ernest, 282

Sachs, Major-General, 282

Sacks, N. P., 28I

Sagui, C. L., 269, 34I

Saint-Gille, Martin, de, 298 Saito, K., 272

Salas Humara, Dr. C., 280

Salidino di Ascoli, 3I2

Salisbury, Sir E., 340

Sallander, Hans, 307

Salonen, Armas, 288 Salusbury, T., 308, 3I9

Salutati, Coluccia, 3I2




Ibn Samagiin, 302

Sanchez, Jose L6pez, 338 Sanderson, Sir J. B., 337 Santillana, G. de, 259, 308, 3I9

Sarton, George, 254, 256, 264, 273, 275, 282, 284, 285, 288,

289, 293, 298, 307, 312, 320,

345, 346 Santorio, S., 326 Saulnier, V. L., 307

Savasorda, Abraham, 296

Savelli, Roberto, 32I

Sawyer, F. C., 272

Sawyer, Wm. H., Jr., 286 Saxl, Fritz, 297

Schadewalt, Hans, 327

Schaefer, A., 276 Schaeffer, Georges, 343 Schaffer, J. C., 324

Schell, C. W. L., 284 Scherz, Gustav, 322, 3I6 Schick, Bela, 336 Schierbeek, A., 272, 309, 32I

Schiller, 3I4, 327

Schilling, K., 265 Schimank, Hans, 254, 332

Schipperges, Heinrich, 303

Schleiden, M. J., 333 Schleiffer, Hedwig, 257

Schlegel, Richard, 259

Schlossberger, J. E., 270

Schmidt, Charles, 339 Schmidt, W., 258, 282

Schmitz-Cliever, Egon, 254

Schneer, Cecil, 322

Schnell, R., 274

Schoenwald, R. L., 338 Schoeps, H. J., 327, 329

Schofield, R. E., 36, 32I

Schove, D. J., 296

Schreiber, 254

Schrek, D. J. E., 338 Schroeder, Eric, 300

Schrodinger, 260, 289

Science and Freedom, Bulletin of Committee, 263

Science Milestones, 254

Science Reasoning and Under- standing, 26I

Scott, D. H., 342

Scott, J. F., 3I6

Scott, Sir W., 334 Scully, B. M., 292, 32I

Schubert, Paul, 257

Schuder, Werner, 258 Schuhl, P.-M., 289

Schulian, D. M., 3II, 3I3, 324,

338, 345 Schulman, E., 275

Schulz, E. H., 282

Schurer, H., 324

Schwartz, Hermann, 336 Schwartz, L. L., 282

Schwartz, M. S., 282 Schwarzenski, Hanns, 294

Schwarzwald, Milan, 280

Schweizerische Hochschulzeitung, 26I

Schwind, Martin, 27I

Secret, F., 3I0

Seailles, Gabriel, 306

5ehsuvaroglu, Bedi N., 282, 303

Seide, J., 282, 300

Seifert, Hans, 322

Semenstov, Anatol, 332

Sendivogius, Michael, 328

Sendrail, Marcel, 312

Senet, Andre, 282

Sergescu, Pierre, 266, 345, 346 Servetus, 307, 308, 3I0, 3I,32

Severi, Francesco, 306 Shafer, R., 304

Shakespeare, 313

Shaler, 333 Shankland, R. S., 34I

Shapley, H., 267

Shaw, George, 324

Shepard, R. E., 275

Sherman, H. C., 330

Shils, Edward, 263 Shockley, William, 258

Shryock, Richard H., 253, 263, 282, 324, 338

Shull, G. H., 342

Shun-tsung, Emperor, 304

Sidgwick, J. B., 32I

Sidgwick, N. V., 340

Siegfried, Robert, 270, 32I, 332

Sielski, Stanko, 280 Sigerist, H. E., 282, 292, 344 Siggel, Alfred, 303 Signorini, Antonio, 306 Sigwart, G. K. L., 270 Silk, E. T., 295

Silvestre, A. F., 3I4

Simmer, Hans, 270 Simmons, R. H., 254

Simon, G. M., 3I 6 Simon, I., 288, 302, 303, 343, 345 Simon, S. W., 282 Simon de Phares, 309 Simplicius, 296, 345 Ibn Sina, 30I Singer, Charles, 264, 284, 298,

3II, 324, 254 Singer, D. W., 308 Singer, Milton, 298 Sinnott, Edmund W., 264 Sitter, de, 29I Sitwell, Sacheverell, 274

Skeat, T. C., 295

Slatis, H. M., 342

Sledd, J. H., 316 Sloane, Sir H., 3I4

Slouka, H., 267

Smeaton, W. A., 32I

Smiley, J. McA., 300 Smith, C. S., 3I0 Smith, E. B., 32I

Smith, E. C., 316 Smith, Elmer R., 276

Smith, N. K., 316

Smith, T. M., 296 Smith, William A., 262

Smyth, H. D., 263 Snyder, L. H., 258, 272

Social Sciences . . . Report, 257

Soerkes, T. L., 332

Solomon, B. S., 267, 304 Solovine, Maurice, 324

Sonnedecker, Glenn, 283, 338 Sootin, Harry, 32I, 332

Sophocles, 276 Southack, Cyprian, 322

Spaier, Mme., 264 Spallanzani, Lazzaro, 324

Speiser, E. A., 287, 257

Spemann, Hans, 333 Spence, 327

Spencer, D. E., 33I

Spengler, 329

Speziali, Pierre, 307

Spink, J. S., 316 Spinoza, Baruch, 3I4

Spitz, L. W., 3I6

Spitzer, Leo, 282, 34I

Spoehr, Alexander, 263 Sponde, Jean de, 3I0 Sprague, F. J., 339 Srbik, H. R. V., 257

Srivastava, G. P., 304 Stajduhar, Josip, 280 Stanciu, V. V., 345 Stanhope, Earl, 318 Stanley, Denzil M., 332

Stanton, A. H., 282 Stanton, M. E., 3II, 3I9

Stanton, W. R., 329

Stapleton, H. E., 285 Stark, W., 294

Stas, J. S., 332

Stearn, W. T., 334 Stearns, R. P., 3I6 Steck, Max, 32I

Stegner, W., 332

Steinman, D. B., 258 Steno, Nicolaus, 3I4, 36, 322

Stephens, F. J., 287 Stern, Curt, 258 Stern, Henri, 29I, 296 Stern, J. P., 3I5

Steudel, Johannes, 306, 255

Stevens, L. J., 270

Stevenson, L. G., 282, 326, 327,

338, 343 Stevin, Simon, 32I

Stewart, T. D., 335 Stiernotte, A. P., 259, 340

Stimson, Dorothy, 260 Stomps, Th. G., 334 Stone, Howard, 3I3

Strabo, 298 Strachey, James, 336 Strachey, 322

Stratton, F. J. M., 262, 340 Straus, E. W., 276 Straus, W. L., Jr., 276, 343 Strauss, E., 3I 6



INDEX TO EIGHTY-FIRST CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 359 Stresemann, E., 334 Strong, E. W., 329

Struik, D. J., 345 Studhalter, R. A., 275

Stunkard, H. W., 263

Sudhoff, Karl, 346 Suess, H. E., 285

Sutermeister, H. M., 327

Sutton, 0. G., 27I

Suzuke, Daisetz Teitaro, 305 Svendsen, Kester, 264

Sverdrup, Otto, 342

Swain, J. W., 263

Swaminathan, V. S., 304

Swarts, Fred6ric, 33I

Sydenham, 325

Symcotts, John, 327

Symmons, John, 333 Synesius de Cyr6ne, 290

Szcesniak, Boleslaw, 3I6

Szladits, Lola L., 3I3

at-Tabari, 303 Tabourot, Etienne, 309

Taccola, Marianus Jacobus, 3I0

Ibn Taghr; Bird;, 300

Takekuma, R., 3I7

Tallmadge, G. Kasten, 327

Tambiila, 303

Tamburlaine, 309

Tannery, Jacques, 346 Tannery, Paul, 256, 346 Tannery, Mme. Paul, 3I5

Tansley, A. G., 263

Tartalja, Hrvoje, 280

Tasch, P., 332

Taton, Ren6, 267, 3I7, 330, 346 Taylor, Brooke, 3I7

Taylor, E. R. G., 309

Taylor, F. Sherwood, 254

Taylor, Sir G., 340

Taylor, Harry, 329

Taylor, H. W. Y., 327

Taylor, J., 309

Technische Rundschau Ailge- meine Industrie, 284

Teicher, J. L., 300

Teilhard de Chardin, P., 276

Teller, E., 34I

Temi di Medicina (I856), 338 Temkin, Owsei, 282, 285, 336 Teres Sadaba, Elias, 300

Terra, Helmut de, 332

Tertullian, 290

Thabit ibn Qurra, 296, 301, 345 Thenaud, Jean, 3I0

Theodorides, Jean, 272, 273, 301,

338 Theophilus Presbyter, 294

Theophrastos, 274, 292

Thijssen-Schoute, C. L., 316

Thimann, K. V., 258

Aquinas, Thomas, 255

Thomas, Aquinas, 255

Thompson, Benjamin, 3I3 Thompson, D. V., 309

Thompson, Sir G., 263

Thompson, H. R., 322

Thomsen, P., 334 Thomson, A. R., 254

Thomson, E. H., 338 Thomson, S. H., 294, 296

Thoreau, 334 Thorndike, Lynn, 285, 294, 296,

297, 298, 300, 3I0, 36, 346 Thorne, J. O., 27I

Thornton, J. F., 339 Thornton, John L., 256 Thur, Hans Rudolf, 277, 334 Thukydides, 293

Tietze, Heinrich, 267

Tilton, E. M., 335 Tilton, G., 270

Timoshenko, S. P., 344 Timpanaro, Sebastiano, 254

Tinkcom, H. M., 316 Tinkcom, M. B., 316 Tizard, Sir H., 340

Tonini, V., 342

Torlais, Jean, 32I

Torrey, T. W., 274

Tortelli, Io., 312

Toulmin, Stephen, 259

Toussaint, M., 333 Townsend, A. C., 256 Ts'ai Yung, 29I

Tswett, Michael, 330

Traube, Moritz, 332

Trauner, Leo, 280 Travaux Publics, 344 Trembley, Abraham, 323, 324 Tresse, Rene, 327

Treviranus, L. C., 275

Trinkhaus, C., 294

True, D. O., 27I

Truesdell, C., 269, 37, 32I, 340 Tulloch, W. J., 278

Tully, R. I. J., 256

Turbayne, Colin M., 324 Turnbull, G. H., 317

Turpin, Philip, 324

Tuttell, Thomas, 26I

Tutzke, Dietrich, 327 Tyler, Dorothy, 346 Tzanck, Arnault, 343

tVskUdairt, AlU, 324 Unver, A. Suheyl, 324

Ullersperger, J. B., 282

Ullman, E. V., 339 Ullmo, Jean, 342

Underwood, E. A., 254, 346 Unger, Bernhard, 313

Unver, A. Suheyl, 30I

Urdang, George, 283, 304, 32I,

339 Ur-Nammu, 287 Usher, A. P., 284

Valentin, G.-G., 337 Valijavec, Fritz, 278

Vallentin, A., 342

Vallery-Radot, P., 334 van Campo, Mme., 274 Van der Waerden, B. L., 267, 29I

Van de Velde, A. J. J., 255, 300, 303, 313, 32I, 332, 334

Van Helmont, 326 Van Laer, P. Henry, 259 Van Mons, J. B., 332 Van Vergrootglas, 273 van't Hoff, 270, 332 Vandermonde, 3 I 7 Varignon, 32I Vartanian, Aram, 3I7 Vasconcellos, Ivolino de, 339 Vasiliev, A. A., 346 Vauban, 270 Vaucanson, 328 Vaucher, P., 256 Vaux, Carra de, 346 Vavilov, N. I., 32I, 340, 342 Vega, 266 Veith, flza, 263, 282, 305 Velnic, V. J., 280 Venturi, Lionello, 307 Venus, 322 Ver Eecke, P., 29I Veraart, B., 339 Verdoorn, Frans, 274 Vergecios, Angelos, 309 Verlet, P., 307 Vernon, K. D. C., 260 Verrill, 333 Vershofen, Wilhelm, 283 Vesalius, 279, 3II, 312

Vespasian, 294 Vespucci, 3IO

Vettius Valens, 29I

Vico, Giambattista, 308 Viennat-Bourgin, G., 274 Viets, H. R., 3II, 339 Vigny, A. de, 337 Vilanova, Arnau de, 293 Vinchon, Jean, 345 Virchow, Rudolf, 328, 325, 335 Vischera, Jirino Matouge, 322 Vistas in Astronomy, 267 Vittorini, Domenico, 295 Viv&s, J. L., 305 Vleeschauwer, H. J. de, 317 Voet, L., 307 Vogel, Kurt, 296 Volta, 268 Voltaire, 3I4, 316 Vorstius, Joris, 255

Waard, Cornelis de, 313, 315 Wade, Ella N., 282 Waetzoldt, Stephan, 294 Ibn W.fid, 30I Wainerdi, Harold R., 339 Wald, George, 258 Walker, D. P., 308 Walker, M. J., 269 Walker, W. B., 3I3 Wallach, Luitpold, 295 Waller, A. E., 346



3 60 INDEX TO EIGHTY-FIRST CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

Wallis, C. G., 308 Wallis, F. S., 260 Wallis, 266 Walter, Emil J., 255 Walton, E. W. K., 27I Walton, Kevin, 27I Walzer, R., 303 Wang Ling, 304 Ward, Eric, 297 Ward, L. F., 333 Ward, J. C., Jr., 263 Wardenburg, P. J., 335 Washington, George, 328 Watanabe, K., 305 Watanabe, Masao, 332 Waterman, Alan T., 255, 263 Watson, A. J., 276 Watson, E. C., 29I, 30I, 32I, 332 Watt, James, 32I, 328 Weatherwax, Paul, 275 Webb, C. C. J., 264 Webb, Henry J., 3Io Weber, G., 338 Wechsler, I. S. S., 339 Wedgwood, Hensleigh C., 328 Wedgwood, Josiah, 325, 328 Weeks, Mary E., 269 Wegener, 333 Weidauer, Klaus, 293 Weil, E., 345 Weil, Herbert, 270, 330, 332 Wein, Hermann, 260 Weinstock, Stephanus, 292

Weisinger, H., 307 Weismann-Netter, R., 343 Weiss, H. B., 284 Weiss, R., 307 Weisskopf, V. F., 262 Weitz-icker, C. F. V., 260 Welch, W. H., 336 Welker, R. H., 334 Weilcome Historical Med. Li-

brary, 282 Welles, C. B., 257 Wells, Horace, 335 Wertime, Theodore A., 322

Westcott, G. F., 285 Westergaard, Waldemar, 257 Westman, Rolf, 290 Weyl, Hermann, 261 Weyl, Richard, 3Io Weyland, Hermann, 324 Wheeler, L. P., 332

Wheeler, Sir M., 289 Whewell, E. W., 329

Whitaker, T. W., 275 White, Andrew D., 264 White, E. W., 27I White, Lynn, Jr., 295 White, Morton, 340 White, T. H., 296 Whitehead, A. N., 346 Whitehead, 264, 340 Whitehill, W. M., 257 Whitman, 334 Whitmore, C. E., 285 Whittaker, Sir E. T., 258, 260,

330,339,340 Whittle, Sir F., 344 Whitwell, Charles, 261 Whyte, L. L., 269 Wickens, G. M., 300 Wickersheimer, Ernest, 270, 298,

299, 309, 33,317, 345

Wieman, H. N., 340 Wiggins, H. H., 345 Wightman, W. P. D., 260, 307,

309 Wigner, E. P., 342 Wilczynski, J., 30I Wilkinson, K. D., 327 Wille, P. F. C., 282 Williams, E., 322, 339 Williams, H. B., 343 Williams, Dr. J. C., 338 Williams, T. F., 339 Williamson, Raymond, 282 Willier, B. H., 273 Wilson, D. B., 307 Wilson, Dr. E., 336 Wilson, Mitchell, 322 Wilson, M., 332 Wilson, P. W., 342 Wilson, R. M., 308 Wilson, William, 269 Wilson, 334 Winzenreid, Max, 277, 283 Winlock, H. E., 288 Winn, Ralph B., 260 Winter, Heinrich, 3Io Winter, H. J. J., 301 Winters, E. E., 337 Withering, W., 327 Witsen, Nicolaas, 322 Wishart, G. M., 340 Wittgenstein, 340

Wittkower, E. D., 28i Wittop Koning, D. A., 283 Wohler, 330 Wochler, 256 Woldan, Erich, 297 Wolf, Rudolf, 269 Wolfenden, J. H., 342 Wolfer, E. P., 29I

Wolff, Christian, 3I7 Wolff, R. L., 256 Wood, L. H., 30I Woodcock, P. G., 289 Woodger, J. H., 324 Woolf, Harry, 322 Wright, Orville, 343, 344 Wright, Wilbur, 343, 344 Wroth, L. C., 322 Wynne, Henry, 26i

Yabuuchi Kiyosi, 305 Yahya an-Nahwi, 302 ben Yahia, B., 298 Yajima, S., 304 Ya'kub b. Ishaq, 298 Yale University, Dept. Hist.

Med., Report, 283 Ibn Yaqzan, Hayy, 300 Yasugi, R., 273 Yates, F. A., 295 Yoeli, M., 288 Yolton, J. W., 317 Young, F. G., 340 Ypocras, Martin de Saint Gille,

298

Zaba, Zbynek, 288 al-Zaki, 299 Zeisius, Matthaeus, 308 Zeitlin, Solomon, 255 Zeitlinger, 256 Zenneck, J. V., 260 Zeno, 290 Zernike, F., 343 Zilboorg, Gregory, 339 Zimmels, H. J., 297 Zimmerman, Walter, 273 Zimolo, Anton, 280 Zinner, E., 26i, 267, 297, 332 Zirkle, Conway, 276, 339, 340 Zmajic, Bartol, 280 Zumberge, J. H., 270 Ziurcher, Josef, 289

