SHOULD PEOPLE IN CANADA RESPOND TO THE LEGACIES OF HISTORICAL GLOBALIZATION?

Effects of Historical Globalization

Cecil Rhodes

Cape-Cairo railway project. Founded the De Beers Mining Company and owned the British South Africa Company, which established Rhodesia for itself. He liked to "paint the map British red", and declared: "all of these stars ... these vast worlds that remain out of reach. If I could, I would annex other planets".

Key Vocabulary

LegacyHistorical ContemporaryCultural contactColonialAnnihilationAssimilationImperialismColonyUrbanizationEthnocentrism

Empire Expansion Sovereignty Paternalism Exploitation Expeditions Cultural

Diffusion Multinational Paternalism Nationalism

Historical Globalization

First Peoples lived all across North America creating dynamic societies, with traditions, cultures, values and beliefs

The Age of Exploration (1400s) Rapid advances in transportation

technology that lead to ships that were stronger, safer, and easier to navigate and travel for longer distances

Also known as Age of DiscoveryEuropeans arrive over 500 years

ago and forge economic, social and political relationships

Cultural Contact

Cultures began to interact as they learned from one another through the exchange goods, technology, knowledge and ideas

Stealing Mary (The last red Indians - Beothuk)

Aeta and Cultural Contact pg 118

The New worldBlack RobeThe MissionThe Conquest of Paradise

Goods FursFoodFish

TimberMinerals

GoodsMetal items

Manufactured trade goods (buttons,

alcohol, needles)FirearmHorses

Clothing, blanketsFarm implements

Knowledge/Technology

Local agricultureLocal wildlifeLocal natural

resourcesLocal hunting and fishing techniquesLocal medicinesLocal geography

Knowledge/TechnologyIndustrial technology

PrintingFirearms

Manufacturing

First Nations Cultures European Cultures

The Age of Imperialism1880-1914

Imperialism is the movement by major powers to dominate unattached states

The stronger nation takes over politically, economically, and culturally

The Sun never set on the British Empire

At peak Britain controlled 1/5th of world’s population & 1/4th of world’s land surface

mid 1800s Britain was most powerful country in world but other European powers & the USA were challenging that superiority

The Race for Colonies heats up

The French and Dutch expanded their holdings and by 1900 France had an empire that came second only to Britain's

Spain and Portugal attempted to build new empires in Africa

Austria-Hungary moved into the BalkansRussia expanded into the Caucasus,

Central Asia and SiberiaBelgium, Italy and Germany all took over

lands in Africa as well as East Asia and the Pacific Islands

The USA and Japan took interest in East Asia

The USA was deeply tied to Latin America

Europeans altered the way of life on every continent

Use the map key and label the countries coloured, colour code them based on the empire they belonged to and and be sure to create a legend

Motives for Imperialism

What economic, social and political ideas contributed to the rise of imperialism?

National Pride/NationalismReligious or Social Superiority Economic Desire for a better life/SocialAdventure and CuriosityPolitical Humanitarian/Cultural

National Pride

Nationalism and competition for international power

Greatness of a nation was measured by size of its empires and the greater the nation the more proud you would be

Greek Empire, Arab Empire, Ottoman Empire, Persian Empire, Inca Empire, Aztec Empire, Mongol Empire

How would you feel?

One of the eastern provinces in Canada came to Alberta to “civilize” us?

Humanitarian/Cultural

Ethnocentric (think your culture is best), especially, eurocentric (European culture is best) attitudes

Social Darwinism Bring a more civilized way of life

to other non European continents

Rudyard Kipling’s White Man’s Burden

White man’s burden was subtitle The Unites Stes and the Philippine Islands

Written in response to the US conquest of the Philippines and other former Spanish colonies

Rudyard Kipling’s White Man’s Burden

Take up the white man’s burden-Send out the best ye breed-Go bind your sons to exile,To serve your captive’s need;To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered fold and wild-Your new-caught sullen people’sHalf devil and half child.

American Naval hero is washing his hands. Famous for winning imporatnt battle in the Philipppines. Look at the words in the ad. Now look at the small sketches around the Admiral. Ships delivering crates of soap to exotic port, and a white man giving an Indigenous a bar of soap.

What doe sthis image tell you abou the attitude held by many Europeans and North Americans towards other nations?

Religious

Buddhists, Christians and Muslims traveled to spread their faiths

Jesuits (Roman Catholic) preists came to Canada to convert and spread Christianity

Economic

Need raw materials and resources for new industries

New markets to sell materialsNew form of tradeThe desire to “get rich”

Social/Desire for a Better Life

Throughout history people have always wanted a better life

Trade important way to connect in order to obtain certain products that can make their life better

Europeans wearing silk clothes, italians learned to make pasta, organe seeds from India made way to North Am and South Am, exchange ideas and religions

Adventure and Curiosity

Not all who travel are trying to get richer or more powerful

Some travelers are just looking for fun and excitement when they explore

Marco Polo traveled for over 24 years

Political

Part of the rivalry between European countries to gain power

Military strategyGovts want to make profits by

obtaining resources and labour as cheaply as possible

Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan

European Rule in ColoniesCarved up the world, now what?

Two types of rule in the coloniesDirect RuleIn Direct Rule

Direct Rule

France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal

Controlled government at all levels

Appointed officials to replace all native leaders

Got rid of traditional ways of governing

Believed in Paternalism and Assimilation

Paternalism

Belief that European powers should act as parents and guide and teach colonies the “proper” way to live

Assimilation

Belief that colony should absorb the political and cultural beliefs of parent nation

Stricter assimilation included force conversion to Christianity before allowed to become citizens (ie Portugal)

Indirect Rule

Great BritainGovernment controlled by

governor and council but local rulers retained some power if they were loyal

Power was limited and had no influence on government decisions

Mostly because small nations there are not enough people to send officials to everyone one of their colonies

Pros and Cons of Each type of rule

Direct RulePros

Cons

Indirect RulePros

Cons

Imperialism in Canada

Aboriginal peoples have always occupied the land First nations in southern Canada, Inuit in

northern CanadaVikings were the first Europeans in

about 1000BCEFrance was first country to begin a

permanent colony Profitable fur trade with First Nations Cooperative working relationship French colonists became Acadians and

Candiens of New FranceBritish sailed into Hudson Bay and

set up fur trade British colonist also occupied the 13 states

on the East coast of the USA

Imperialism in Canada:France and Britain

French lost New France to Britain after 7 years war

British worked hard to assimilate the French into British culture

Struggles between French and British laid the foundation for Canadians bilingual act and constant balance between Anglophone and Francophone desires

Imperialism in Canada: Aboriginal People

Inuit, Metis and First Nations excluded from Confederation talks

After confederation government passed Indian Act

Indian Act = defined who was considered “Indian” and set out laws regarding treatment of First Nations on reserves

= Indian agent in charge

= Traditional forms of government demolished (page 160 for 3 examples)

= In 1884 creation and funding of residential schools (run by churches) as an effort to assimilate First Nations into “Canadian” society quickly

Forcibly replaced concepts of marriage and parenting

Legacy

Legacy=something that has been passed down from the past

Google Images Enter Legacy

Legacies of the past

•How does the past influence who you are today and how you live?

•There is no doubt actions and decisions made by parents (even grandparents) that still have an effect on your life

•Legacies of past are everywhere around us and some are positive and others are not

Legacies of Imperialism

Imperialism had strong impact on the world community

Has had both negative and positive consequences for Indigenous and non Indigenous people in every corner of the globe

Economic, political and social legacies continue to affect people all over the world

Legacies of Imperialism

Colonial cities grewSpread of Christian idealsFormalization of education

systemsMineral/resource exploitationOver Taxing Paternalism caused dependence

issuesInvesting and Economic

dependenceBuild up of Railroads/ harbours/

roads/infrastructureDestruction of Traditional forms

of governmentAssimilation caused loss of

culture

Examples of Legacies around the world

Pg 164

What Equiano Had to say

Page 151

Cultural Contact and the Aeta Culture

Pg 118

Cartoon on page 120

Questions a-e

Hotel Rwanda

Viewing Response Journal Post Viewing Response

How is Rwanda a good example of the legacies left by historical globalization?

Imperialism in Canada

Policies and actions of imperialist powers affected development of Canada

Generations later consequences of imperialism (historical globalization) still with us Unresolved land claims Social issues Living conditions on reserves Effects of residential schools

How could legacies of imperialism affect long terms well being of a people or society?

Rating the legacies of Imperialism

Rating Support my Rating LanguageHealth CareFood ProductionLand OwnershipAccess to TechnologyValuesTraditional Way of lifeOther?

Residential Schools

Aboriginal children required to attend residential schools form age 5/6 to 18

Usually schools far away so students left home and lived there

Students forbidden to speak any other language other than French or English

Taught that Aboriginal culture was inferior

Discipline was strict (beaten, physical abuse and in some extreme cases sexual abuse)

Pg 161 VoicesPg 161 Maphttp://www.cbc.ca/national/blog/speci

al_feature/stolen_children/in_their_own_voices.html

Perspectives on Residential Schools today

Page 163

Effects of Residential Schools

1996 last government school closed its door

By 1996 people coming forward with tales of effects and soon lawsuits followed.

Effects of Residential SchoolsTreatment in Residential

SchoolsEffects on Individuals &

Communities

Separation from community and family

Poor self-esteem

Rules against speaking Aboriginal languages

Lack of positive role models

Exposure to negative views about Aboriginal cultures

Loss of parenting skills

Harsh conditions Inability to speak own language

Loss of culture and identity

Feeling of being unloved, uncared for

Separation from community and family

Effects of Residential Schools

Did not assimilate but rather create hardship and variety of problems for many

http://archives.cbc.ca/society/native_issues/topics/692-4005/How is Rwanda a good

example of the legacies left by historical globlization

What would be a fair and just response to the legacies of historical globalization?

Identify what can be done on the local level to respond.

Identify what can be done at the national level to respond

Identify what can be done at the international level to respond

What to do?

Currently there are about 100,000 individuals suspected of committing acts of genocide who are imprisoned in Rwanda. This represents a huge emotional and financial burden to all parties. There needs to be a way in which Rwandan society deals with the issue of justice and reconciliation.

Justice, Reparations, Sentences, Trials

To what extent should people in Canada respond to the legacies of historical

globalization?

Response to Historical Globalization in Canada

Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, which was to recommend ways to advance Aboriginal self-government and appropriate compensation for past abuses

Royal Commission

Took six years to prepare its report

Traveled across country and listened to the testimony of First Nations, Metis and Inuit people

As a direct result of their report the federal government issued a STATEMENT OF RECONCILIATION (apology to Aboriginal peoples including the abuses related to residential schools)

Government Response to Residential Schools

Criminal charges laid, some abusers sent to jail

Financial CompensationBand run government funded

schools Official Apologies and recognition

about the events

http://archives.cbc.ca/society/native_issues/topics/692-4005/ ( 9 and 12)http://www.cbc.ca/national/blog/special_feature/stolen_children/justice_harry_laforme.html http://www.cbc.ca/national/blog/special_feature/stolen_children/the_apology.html (apology)

Churches Response to Residential Schools

Many of the lawsuits named one of the four churches

Financial burden has fallen on the churches

3 of 4 churches have apologized directly to Aboriginal people

Healing programs, workshops and dialogue with first Nations

http://archives.cbc.ca/society/native_issues/topics/692-4005/ (9)

What is next?

http://www.cbc.ca/national/blog/special_feature/stolen_children/what_next.html