effects of family planning methods on the health condition of selected couples of brgy.oogong scl
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Family Planning means deciding when is the best time to have
children, and what is the appropriate number of children for a couple to have.
The right time to have children is when a woman is between 20 and 35 years
old, when a woman has not been pregnant for the last 2-3 years, when a
woman has fewer than 4 children, when a woman has no illness that would
place herself or her baby in danger and when the couple wants to have a
baby.
Always let the clients decide for themselves on the method that they
will use, and help them choose the method that is most appropriate for them.
Factors to consider include the age of the woman, woman's reproductive
stage, the effectiveness of a method, the woman's health status and personal
considerations. No method is best for all women, nor is any method best for a
woman throughout her reproductive life.
The researcher is concern with rapid growing population here in our
country. He was motivated to pursue this investigation because of what he
observed in his locality barangay since majority of the couples are using the
method that for them is easy to avail.
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The researcher wants to know the effects of the family planning
methods on the conditions of the couples. This will help him gather relevant
information that will be helpful to the community, especially Barangay Oogong
which is the location of this study
Background of the Study
Brgy. Oogong, Sta. Cruz, Province of Laguna, is one of the barrios
chosen in the program of expansion by the Integrated Development approach
for Nutrition Improvement of the rural poor Founded by UP College of Human
Ecology Los Baňos, Laguna with the help of different private sectors in the
Province of Laguna.
Brgy. Oogong is estimated 8 kilometers away from town proper. With a
land area of 800 areas, composed of 7 sitios. At the year of 2008, Brgy.
Oogong is having a total number of 3, 023 people, averaging 1, 270 numbers
of female and 1, 753 of male. At present , it has a total population of 3, 850
and divided into 911 groups of family.
The researcher became curious as to the family planning methods that
the couples are using and what are the effects of these methods on their
health condition.
Theoretical Framework
The Integrative Theory. Here’s an example of how the model was
used in the strategic planning document for the family planning program:
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To improve the likelihood of engaging in family planning behaviors
then, it must first look at what environmental constraints may be preventing
women from engaging in them and act on those (or help people overcome
them).
Among the constraints identified in the audience research are the few
facilities available in rural counties, busy clinic staff that makes local outreach
and promotion efforts difficult, making time in their busy schedules for setting
clinic appointments, and difficulties using the centralized referral service.
Second, to assess if the person has the necessary skills to access and
effectively use family planning methods over time.
Last is you found that not understanding the eligibility criteria due to
confusing messaging and low literacy skills and non-adherence with birth
control methods over time such as discontinuing pills or missing doses or
even a report of broken condoms leading to unwanted pregnancy.
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Independent Variables Dependent Variables
Frame 1 Frame 2
Figure 1: Research Paradigm of the Study
Frame 1. Shows the independent variables which consist of the profile
of the couples and family planning methods that can be used by the
respondents.
Frame 2. Shows the dependent variables which consist of the health
condition of the couples in terms of physical, psychological, and emotional
aspect.
Profile of Couples:
Age
Gender
Educational
Attainment
Family planning
methods
Natural Methods
Artificial Methods
Health Condition of the Couples:
Physical Aspect
Psychological
Aspect
Emotional Aspect
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Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to determine the Effects Of Family Planning Methods
To The Health Condition Of The Selected Couples Of Brgy. Oogong Sta.
Cruz, Laguna, Furthermore, this study wants to find answers to the following
questions:
1. What is the status of the couples in terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Educational Attainment?
2. What is the level of status of the family planning methods in terms
of:
2.1 Natural Method
2.2 Artificial Method?
3. What is the status of the health conditions of the couples when using
the family planning methods in terms of :
3.1 Physical aspect
3.2 Emotional aspect
3.3 Psychological aspect?
4. Is there a significant effect of family planning methods to the health
condition of the couples in terms of:
4.1 Physical aspect
4.2 Emotional aspect
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4.3 Psychological aspect?
Hypothesis
There is a significant effect of the family planning methods on the
health condition of couples.
Significance of the Study
The purpose of this study is to assess the level of effects of the family
planning methods on the health conditions of the selected couples in Brgy.
Oogong, Sta. Cruz, Laguna.
This study was significant to the following target population:
Selected Couples
To provide a right information regarding family planning method.
Future Researchers
So that this study served as their reference and to the authority to help
in there advocacy to control the increasing number of population here in our
respective baranggay
Community Health Nurse
To provide a specific time for the community, for them to be able an
effective nurse. And to have an a different experience and for their job to be
able to diagnose well the community and to much prioritized the needs of
community.
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Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study was limited only or the effects of the family planning
methods on the health conditions of the couples. The variables included in
this investigation are be the following: age, occupation, educational
attainments, and religious belief. It also includes the level of awareness and
their own management on how they can the methods and the effects of these
methods on their health conditions
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined operationally to serve as a guide for
the readers to have a better understanding of the terms used in the research:
Artificial Family Planning. Refers to the process used to prevent
pregnancy and plan for the birth of children at the most optimum time.
Commonly referred to as birth control, family planning can be accomplished
using a variety of methods.
Family Planning Methods. Refers to the control of the number of
children in a family and of the intervals between them, especially by the use
of contraceptives
Natural Family Planning. Refers to general term that applies to
various methods that have been developed to help women and men
determine the fertile and infertile times of a woman's menstrual cycle. These
methods can be used to achieve or avoid pregnancy. All of the methods rely
on the interpretation of natural biological signs or indicators of fertility. Implicit
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in these methods are that couples abstain from intercourse and genital
contact during the fertile time of the woman's cycle if they are avoiding
pregnancy. Use of any artificial means to interfere with fertility is not natural
family planning.
Emotional Aspects. Refers to another factor that had the most
influential to the couples.
Physical Aspects. Refers as the contributing factor that affects the
couples in their health condition.
Psychological Aspects. Refers to the factor that has great effects to
the couples in terms of choosing their methods to use and satisfaction.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents some literatures and studies that are useful in
the construction of the research framework and in drawing inferences of this
study.
Related Literature
Physical Aspect
Copper-bearing IUDs increase blood flow volumes by 20% to 50%
above levels before IUD insertion. Increased menstrual bleeding, often with
pain, is the problem that women most often report while using copper-bearing
IUD. Many women who have these complaints keep their IUDs nonetheless.
Overall rates of removal because of bleeding and pain at 12 months of use
range from 1 to 17 per 100 women in major clinical trials
(www.populationreports.org/b7).
Psychological Aspect
WHO recommends that women use levonorgestrel-only ECPs because
they cause less nausea and vomiting than combined estrogen-levonorgestrel
ECPs. Nausea and vomiting are common side effects associated with ECP
use. WHO does not recommend routine use of antiemetics before taking
ECPs. Predicting which women will experience side effects usually is difficulty
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and many women taking ECP do not experience nausea and vomiting. Expert
working group advises that clinicians offer anti emetics on a case by case
basis according to their medical judgment. Clinicians should take should take
account that anti emetics themselves may cause other side effects, such as
drowsiness and dizziness (Yuzpe 2003).
Emotional Aspect
Hormonal methods appropriate for women with depression. A single
study reported that taking fluoxetine for depression did not reduce the
effectiveness of combined or progestin-only oral contraceptives. Conclusion
cannot be reached concerning postpartum depression or bipolar disorder
because current evidence is inadequate ( WHO 2003).
Family Planning Methods
Family planning users and providers have been calling for more
choices. They want contraceptive methods that provide highly effective
protection and at the same time causes fewer side effects, cost less and are
easier to use. In response, researchers are improving existing contraceptives
and developing new ways to deliver hormones. Offering wide range of safe,
effective and convenient family planning methods encourage more people to
use contraception (Upadhyay,MPH, Adhikary, MPH and Richey 2005).
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Natural and Artificial Method
Virtually all married women know about and many are using family
planning. 98% also know of a place offering family planning services. 25% are
currently using family planning. Female sterilization relied on by 13% of
married women is the most widely used method. Withdrawal and natural
family planning are used by 13% of married women (Philippine National
Statistic Office 2003).
Related Studies
Physical
A study was made by David, et al (2001), entitled “Family Planning: Its
Economic and Psychosocial Influences on the Lives of Women in Western
Visayas”. The main concern of this study was rapid population growth of and
inadequate maternal and child rearing. The study wants to improve the family
planning program, including an effort to provide integrated reproductive
health. Special attention needs to be given to helping women deal with side
effects such as both physically, psychologically and emotional discomfort.
Psychological
Dorado, et, al (2006) on their study entitled “Survey of Family Planning
Methods Preferred by Couples In Selected in Barangay Sto. Angel, San
Pablo City”, in terms of awareness and responsibility of each person in the
community, duly authorized personnel affect the couples regarding what
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natural or artificial methods they will use, also to determine if the method
selected meets the safety of the patient, suitable to patient’s life style and
compatible to patient’s religion or moral convictions. Their study wants to
know the advantages and disadvantages of the natural and artificial protective
use by the respondents. Specifically, what are the assurance of couple
regarding the accuracy of method contraception chosen in terms of desired
birth spacing and prevention of unwanted pregnancy.
Emotional
Study was based on Daughtry, et al (2002) entitled “Marital
Satisfaction and Family Planning Practices“. The specific objectives of his
study is just to describe and compared natural and artificial family planning
couples on the following dimensions: overall relationship satisfaction
measured by the Dynamic Adjustment Scale; communication effectiveness
measured by the Marital Communication Inventory; satisfaction with their
chosen method of family planning measured by the family planning
questionnaire.
Family Planning Methods
The National Statistic Office (2003), made a study entitled “Use Of
Modern Family Planning Methods Up In Rural Areas”, the study aims to
collect data on fertility levels; fertility preferences; marriage and sexual
activities; knowledge and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding
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practices; childhood mortality; and, maternal and child health. The study also
included questions that seek to determine the level of awareness and
behavior of the respondents on AIDS and other sexually transmitted
infections as well as their knowledge, attitude and health-seeking behavior on
tube
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Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presented the research design, population and sampling,
research procedure, research instrument to be used in gathering the data and
statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
The study used the descriptive method of research in gathering the
data needed to answer the problems. A descriptive method of research
includes all the studies which aim to present facts concerning the nature and
status of anything a group of person, a number of objects, a set of condition,
a class or events, a system of thoughts or any kind of phenomena which one
may wish to study.
In particular, the research utilizes the descriptive survey method. The
word survey indicates the gathering of data regarding the present conditions.
Descriptive survey was the general procedure employed in studies that have
for their chief purpose the description of phenomena. In order to obtain
adequate survey, the questionnaire was carefully evaluated.
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Population and Sampling Techniques
The questionnaire was distributed to the 25 selected couples of
Brgy.Oogong, Sta. Cruz, Laguna. Purposive sampling was used in data
gathering.
Research Procedure
The questionnaires were handed out personally and the respondents
were requested to answer the questions on the spot. If however, they were be
busy, the questionnaires were left with the respondents for them to answer at
the convenient time. Questionnaires were collected as soon as possible.
Other records and documents were requested from the office of Brgy.
Captain and Brgy. Health Center.
Research Instrument
The most commonly used and frequently self devised measuring
instrument, the questionnaire was used simply to obtain information directly
from subject as to make a standardized list of factual information or elicited
opinions that was generalized to a larger population. Both open and closed
ended type was to put a check to the appropriate or chosen answer provided
according to their perception. Analysis and interpretation of data obtain was
the researcher’s step.
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A questionnaire was designed to elicit answer pertaining to the effects
of the Family Planning methods used by the selected couples at the Brgy.
Oogong, Sta. Cruz, Laguna. The questionnaires were prepared in Tagalog.
The questionnaire was composed of two (2) parts, Part I presents the
demographic information of the respondents. Part II includes the main
objective of our survey by selecting there own answers.
The data derived from the answers of the selected respondents were
the basis in the assessment of the effectiveness of family planning methods
at Brgy. Oogong, Sta.Cruz, Laguna.
A sample questionnaire was presented in Appendix C.
Statistical Treatment
After the collection of the answered questionnaire, the data were
tallied, tabulated and analyzed using the following formula:
The researcher used weighted mean and standard deviation as the
statistical tools for it reveals the overall average responses of the respondents
on the factors given.
Formula:
WM = ∑wf
N
Wherein:
WM = weighted mean
∑wf = sum of the products of the frequency and the weight
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N = number of respondents
Formula:
S= √ ∑fm² - (fm)²
n-1 - n (n -1)
Wherein:
S= standard deviation
f= corresponding frequency
m= class mark or midpoint of each class interval
n= sample s
The formula for percentage is:
P = _f_ x 100
N
Where:
P = percentage
f = Frequency of response
N = total number of cases
The T- test for correlated mean was used to find out the difference of pre- test
and post- test.
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Formula:
∑D
t= n∑D - (∑D) / (n-1)
Wherein:
t= t- value
∑D= the difference
n= number of cases
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Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of
data gathered. The data gathered from the respondents are presented in
tables, analyzed and interpreted based on the data and information gathered
by the researcher with the aid of the questionnaire.
The tables and figures are useful in describing the research result and
in showing the trends that emerge in the analysis.
The status profile of the health condition of the couples was described
in terms of age, civil status and educational attainment.
As to the health condition of family planning of the couples in terms of
natural and artificial family planning methods.
As to the significant effect related to the health condition of the couples
in terms of physical, emotional and psychological aspects.
A descriptive statistics through computation mean and standard
deviation were used to determine the respondent’s health condition at Brgy.
Oogoong Sta. Cruz, Laguna.
Profile of the Couples in Terms of Age
Figure 2 presents the profile of the couples in terms of age
The figure revealed that out of 25 couples, theses are 6 or 24 percent
belongs to age bracket of 30-32, 5 or 20% of them belongs to the age of
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Figure 2: The Profile of the Couples in Terms of Age
27-29 and 24-26, next by 4 or 16% of the respondent from ages 21-23, 3 or
12% of them have an age from 18-20 years of age and 2 or 8 percent under
33 and above year of age.
The study agree with the study of Dorado, et al (2006) which found out
that the age of the couples may be considering factors that affecting the
effects of family planning method.
Profile of the Couples in Terms of Civil Status
Figure 3 presents the profile of the couples in terms of civil status
The figure revealed that, majority of the respondents are married with
an percentage of 40.8% followed by single parents with an percentage of
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Figure 3: The Profile of the Couples in Terms of Civil Status
31.2% and the least is widow with a percentage of 28%.
The findings agree with the study of Philippine National Statistics
Office (2003), married woman are all know the family planning method and
many are using family planning method to prevent the rapid population growth
Profile of the couples in terms of Educational Attainment
Figure 4 presents the profile of the couples in terms of educational
attainment.
The figure revealed that majority of the respondents are high school
graduate with an percentage of 62.4% followed by college graduate with an
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Figure 4: The Profile of the Couples in terms of Educational Attainment
percentage of 41.6% and the least is elementary graduate with an average
percentage of 26%.
The findings agree with the study of Dorado, et al (2006) which found
out that another factor to consider is the educational attainment of the
couples, whether it is a elementary, high school and college graduated or
undergraduate it is very important to know the limitation of health care
provider to deliver the information clear and concise.
The Health Conditions of the Couples using the Family Planning Methods
Figure 5 presents the health conditions of the couples using the Family
Planning Methods.
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Figure 5: The Health Conditions of the Couples using the Family Planning Methods
Above the figure showed that majority of the respondents are using
natural method with an average percentage of 68% and the least is artificial
method with 42%.
The findings agree with the study of David, et al (2001) which found
out that many couples were tried the new artificial methods, but the
satisfaction level are didn’t met, as of their investigation they found out that
majority of the couples are using natural family planning method. And they
provide right information to lessen the incident of unwanted pregnancy.
Status of the Health Conditions of the Couples in Terms of Physical Aspect
Table 1 presents the status of the health conditions of the couples in
terms of physical aspect.
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Table 1
Status of the Health Conditions of the Couples in Terms of Physical Aspect
Physical Aspect Mean SD Remarks
1.Experience decrease in Libido 5.00 .00 Strongly Agree
2. Able to maintain bodyweight 3.72 .94 Agree
3. Experience dizziness/drowsinessWhen using contraceptive method
2.80 1.08 Moderately Agree
4. Feeling of Nausea & Vomiting 2.24 .72 Disagree
5. Feeling of light headache 2.52 .77 Moderately Agree
Average Mean = 3.19 SD= 1.18 Moderately Agree
Legend:
4.50 – 5.00 - Strongly Agree
3.50 – 4.49 - Agree
2.50 – 3.49 - Moderately Agree
1.50 – 2.49 - Disagree
1.00 – 1.49 - Strongly Disagree
As can be seen from the table above, it indicates that the respondents
are “moderately agree” on the following items such as 3. Experience
dizziness/drowsiness when using contraceptive method 5. Feeling of light
headache with the mean score of 2.80, SD= 1.08, and 2.52 and .77 as
standard deviation respectively. Likewise, the respondents are “ strongly
agree” in items no 1 experience decrease in libido with the mean score of
5.00 and .00 as standard deviation respectively, and “agree” on item no. 2.
Able to maintain body weight with the mean score of 3.72 and .94 as standard
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deviation respectively. And given “disagree” on item no. 4 which states
feeling of nausea and vomiting with a mean score of 2.24 and .72 as standard
deviation respectively.
The low standard deviation of 1.18 reveals that the ratings given by the
respondents are homogenous.
The average mean of 3.19 reveals that the respondents are
“moderately agree” on the evaluated health conditions of the couples in
terms of physical aspect.
The findings agree with the study of David, et al (2001) which found
out that they needs to be given to helping a women deal with side effect such
as both physically, mentally and emotional discomfort.
Status of the Health Conditions of the Couples in Terms of Emotional Aspect
Table 2 presents the Status of the Health Conditions of the Couples in
Terms of Emotional Aspect.
As can be seen from the table, it indicates that the respondents are
“moderately agree” on the following items 1. With episodes of depressions 5.
Episode of anger outburst with the mean score of 3.16, SD= .62, and 2.60
and .58 as standard deviation respectively. Likewise, the respondents are
“agree” in items no. 4. Mood swing with the mean score of 4.52 and .77
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Table 2
Status of the Health Conditions of the Couples in Terms of Emotional Aspect
Emotional Aspect Mean SD Remarks
1.With episodes of depressions3.16 .62
Moderately Agree
2. Relationship of satisfaction1.80 .41
Disagree
3.Experienced nervousness when contraceptive was used
2.0 .00Disagree
4. Mood Swing4.52 .77
Agree
5. Episode of anger outburst2.60 .58
Moderately Agree
Average Mean = 2.82 SD= 1.15 Moderately Agree
Legend:
4.50 – 5.00 - Strongly Agree
3.50 – 4.49 - Agree
2.50 – 3.49 - Moderately Agree
1.50 – 2.49 - Disagree
1.00 – 1.49 - Strongly Disagree
standard deviation respectively. And “disagree” on items 2. Relationship
satisfaction and 4. Experienced nervousness when contraceptive was used
with the mean score of 1.80, SD= .41 and 2.0 and .00 as standard deviation
respectively.
The low standard deviation of 1.15 reveals that the ratings given by the
respondents are homogenous.
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The average mean of 2.82 reveals that the respondents are
“moderately agree” on the evaluated status of the health conditions of the
couples in terms of emotional aspect.
The study agree with the study of Daughtry, et al (2002) which found
out that some of respondents are well known about family planning but they
didn’t not aware of other methods, by means of effective communication by
the Marital Communication Inventory.
Status of the Health Conditions of the Couples in Terms of Psychological Aspect
Table 3 Status of the Health Conditions of the Couples in Terms of
Psychological Aspect.
Table 3
Status of the Health Conditions of the Couples in Terms ofPsychological Aspect
Psychological Aspect Mean SD Remarks1.Experience stress when family planning methods is unavailable
2.0 .00Disagree
2. Feeling of guilt using contraceptive methods
5.0 .00Strongly Agree
3.Dificulty in thinking of contraceptive. 3.0 .00 Moderately Agree4. Create positive outlook in life/inability to thinking positively
3.68 .47Agree
5. Change in Self perception 3.08 .28 Moderately Agree Average mean = 3.35 SD= 1.10 Moderately Agree
Legend:
4.50 – 5.00 - Strongly Agree
3.50 – 4.49 - Agree
2.50 – 3.49 - Moderately Agree
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1.50 – 2.49 - Disagree
1.00 – 1.49 - Strongly Disagree
As can be seen from the table above, it indicates that
respondents are “moderately agree” on the following items such as 3.
Difficulty in thinking of contraceptive and 5. Change in self-perception with the
mean score of 3.0, SD= .00 and .308 and .28 standard deviation respectively.
Likewise, the respondents are “strongly agree” on items no. 2.Feeling of guilt
using contraceptive methods with the mean score of 5.0 and .00 as standard
deviation respectively. And “agree” on items no. 4. Create positive outlook in
life/inability to think positively with the mean score of 3.68 and .47 on
standard deviation. The respondents are “disagree” on items no. 1.
Experience stress when family planning methods is unavailable with the
mean score of 2.0 and .00 as standard deviation respectively.
The low standard deviation of 1.10 reveals that the ratings given by the
respondents are homogenous.
The average mean of 3.35 reveals that the respondents are
“moderately agree” on the evaluated status of health condition of the
selected couples in terms of psychological aspect.
The study agree with the study of David, et al (2001) which found out
that some respondents are using the methods in a wrong way or they didn’t
consult in any medical services. And they had to pay attention to the woman
which deals with emotional side effects.
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Significant Effect of Family Planning Methods to the Health Condition of the Couples
Table 4 presents the significant effect of family planning methods to
the health condition of the couples.
Table 4 shows the significant effect of family planning methods on the
health condition of the respondents in Brgy. Oogong, Sta. Cruz, Laguna. It
further notice that the computed t-values 4.17, 5.13 and 3.53 probability value
Table 4
Significant Effect of Family Planning Methods to the Health Condition of the Couples
Health ConditionOf Couples
Comp. t-value
P-value<(.05)
Degrees ofFreedom
VerbalInterpretation
Physical aspect 4.17 .000 24 Significant
Emotional aspect 5.13 ..000 24 Significant
Psychological
aspect3.53 .002 24 Significant
Over all comp. t-value = 4.28 .000 24 Significant
of .000 and .0002 is less than alpha .05 level of significance which indicate
that physical, emotional and psychological aspect are all significant on the
health condition of selected couples in Brgy. Oogong, Sta. Cruz, Laguna.
The overall computed t-value of 4.28has p-value .000 which is greater
than alpha .05 level of significant on the health condition of selected couples
in Brgy. Oogong, Sta. Cruz, Laguna. From the above analysis, the findings
revealed that the aspects of physical, emotional and psychological have no
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significant effects on the health conditions of selected couples of Brgy.
Oogong, Sta. Cruz, Laguna.
The study agree with the study of Dorado, et al(2006) which found out
some factors to consider is physical, emotional and psychological aspects of
the couples which affecting the effects of family planning.
Significant Effect of the Related Variables to the Health Condition of the Couples
Table 5 presents the significant effect of the related variables to the
health condition of the couples.
Table 5
Significant Effect of the related Variables to the HealthCondition of the Couples
HealthCondition
Age Educational Attainment
Civil Status
Comp.t-value
P-Valu
eVI
Comp.t-value
P-Value VI
Comp.t-value
P-Value VI
PhysicalAspect
1.19 .247 NS -7.39- .000 Sig -8.90 .000 Sig
EmotionalAspect
2.87 .008 NS -6.45 .000 Sig -14.42 .000 Sig
PsychologicalAspect
1.05 .323 NS -10.72 .000 Sig -14.66 .000 Sig
Over allComp. t-value= 1.70 .192 NS -8.10 .000 Sig -12.66 .000 Sig
The overall computed t-value of 1.70 has p-value of .192 which
greater than alpha .05, no significant in physical, emotional and
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psychological aspects in terms of age. The overall computed t-values of -
8.19 and -12.66 have p-values of .000 indicated that physical, emotional
and psychological aspects have significant effect on health condition of the
couples.
The study agree with the study of National Statistics Office which
found out that age, educational attainment, and civil status which
contributing the effects of physical, emotional and psychological aspects of
the couples.
Chapter 5
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions, and
recommendations of the study.
The study aimed to assess the effects of family planning methods on
the health conditions of the selected couples of Brgy. Oogong Sta. Cruz,
Laguna.
Summary
Specifically the study answered the following questions: 1. What is the
status of the couples in terms of;1.1 Age, 1.2 Gender,1.3 Educational
Attainment? 2. What is the level of status of the family planning methods in
terms of; 2.1 Natural Method, 2.2 Artificial Method? 3. What is the status of
the health conditions of the couples when using the family planning methods
in terms of ; 3.1 Physical aspect, 3.2 Emotional aspect, 3.3 Psychological
aspect? 4. Is there a significant effect of family planning methods to the health
condition of the couples in terms of; 4.1 Physical aspect, 4.2 Emotional
aspect, 4.3 Psychological aspect?
The descriptive approach of research was utilized with the used up to
date information and studies about effectiveness of family planning in
formulating the questionnaire checklist. The instrument had undergone
validity and reliability of the instrument through a panel of experts.
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The subjects of this study were twenty five (25) selected couples of
Brgy. Oogong Sta. Cruz, Laguna. Appropriate statistical treatment such as
weighted mean, standard deviation, percentage and t-test were used.
Findings
Based on the data gathered from the respondents, the following findings
are:
1. Status of the Couples
Majority of the respondents belong to ages 30-32 with an percentage
of 24 percent, 40 or 80% of couples are married and 12 or 48% of the
respondents are high school graduate.
2. Level Of Status Of The Family Planning Methods
Out of 25 respondents, 17 or 68% are using the natural family planning
methods while 8 or 42% of the respondents are using the artificial family
planning methods.
3. Status of the Health Conditions of the Couples in Terms of Physical Aspect
For physical aspect, most of the respondents are “moderately agree”
with an average mean of 3.19, 2.82 and 3.35 and standard deviation of 1.18,
1.15 and 1.10: respectfully indicates that the status of the health condition of
the couples in terms of physical aspects are “moderately agree”.
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4. Significant Effect of Family Planning Methods to the Health Condition of the Couples
The over-all computed t-value of 4.28 has p- value of .000 is greater
than alpha 05 level of significance on health condition of the selected couples
of Brgy. Oogong Sta. Cruz, Laguna. From the above analysis, the findings
revealed that the factors such as physical, emotional and psychological
aspects have no significant effects on the health condition of the selected
couples in Brgy. Oogong Sta. Cruz, Laguna.
5. Significant Effect of the related Variables to the Health Condition of the Couples
The overall computed t-value of 1.70 has p-value of .192 which
greater than alpha .05, no significant in physical, emotional and psychological
aspects in terms of age. The overall computed t-values of -8.19 and -12.66
have p-values of .000 indicated that physical, emotional and psychological
aspects have significant effect on health condition of the couples.
Conclusions
The significant conclusion were making a smooth transition from
statistical data to the conceptual framework, thus, the researcher end with the
following conclusions:
Natural method is the most common used by the respondents, and
withdrawal method is the number one choice of the respondents. They were
using the stated method because of some reasons like fear of surgical
35
intervention, maintenance, obligation to buy, fear on side effects and
consultations.
But there are couples that are capable to use artificial method, most of
them are from ages 18-21. They stated that it is safe to use, easily to find and
buy. Pills is their method of choice.
In terms of physical health condition of the couples, majority of them
are experiencing dizziness or drowsiness and feeling of light headache, but
some couples are able to maintain their body figure when using the method
as they stated.
In emotional health condition of the respondents, majority of them were
usually experiencing episodes of depressions and episodes of anger outburst
because of they were trying to use the method without consultation in medical
team.
For the psychological health condition of the couples, some of them
were feeling of guilt when using the contraceptive, difficulty in thinking of
contraceptive and changing in self perception
Recommendations
This research terminal is allotted for the researchers urge to confine
their words.
1. Act as an impetus that would break into the hindrance that post
couples from inquiring assistance in managing their family scheme including
the importance of utilizing the available health resources offered to them.
36
2. Create awareness among couples on how to manage their fertility
for health reasons while providing information and services on all legally
permissible and medically accepted family planning method.
3. After providing full information, help couples to arrive at an informed
decision through counseling.
4. Respect the right of the couples to plan their family as they see-how
many children to have and when to have them. Remember that the
community health nurse should never impose decisions on them.
5. Stress the fact that condition such as maternal depletion brought by
closely space pregnancy and having too many children takes atleast 2 years
for the mother to recover, thus the importance of proper timing and birth
spacing is inevitable.
6. Planning the family lessens the pressures on the family income, for
there will be fewer children to feed, clothes, educate and provide other basic
necessities for.
7. The husband and wife should be free to determine the size of their
family according to their beliefs and their capabilities to ensure their children
of basic needs.
8. Assumption of responsible parenthood can be achieved through
responsible must be choice. Parents are the ones responsible for the life they
bring into being and it is them who knew best to what extent they can carry
out their responsibility.
37
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Books
Johnson, J. and Davis, E. Maternal and Child Nursing, 2008
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Nursing 2008 Drug Handbook 28th Edition, 2008
Udan, J, (2009). Medical Surgical Nursing: Maternal and Child Nursing(2nd Edition) Educational Publishing House
B. Journals And Magazines
Bloomberg, (2004) WHO Updates Medical Eligibility Criteria For Contraceptives pp. 5
Ellerston, Evans, and Ferden (2003) Extending The Time Limit For Starting The Yuzpe Regimen Of Emergency Contraception To 120 Hour. Obstetrics And Gynecology
Fulcheri, Di Capua and Ragni (2003) Pregnancy Despite IUD; Adverse Effect On Pregnancy Evolution And Fetus. Contraception
Herzberg,Draper, Johnson and Nicol (2003) Oral Contraceptives, Depression And Libido, British Medical Journal
Mati, Hunter, andMaggwa (2005) Contraceptive Use And The Risk Of HIV Infection In Nairobi, Kenya, International Journal Of Gynecology And Obstetrician
Mothers and Children’s Health in Southern Tagalog (2001); Mother’s Health Journals of Philippine National Statistic Office pp.1
Salem, R, M, (2006) New Attention to the IUD
Upadhyay, Adhikari, Richey, (2005) Population Report; New Contraceptive Choices
38
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) In : Improving Access to quality care in family planning; Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive used. [3rd edition] Geneva, Nov. 2004
Yuzpe, (2005) Journal of Reproductive Medicine and Ethinylestradioland dlnorgestrel as a postcoital contraceptive, fertility and sterility
C. Unpublished Materials
Dorado, Fajardo, Glena, Guerrero, Jusay and Magcawas ( 2006) “Survey Of Family Planning Methods Preferred By Couples In A Selected Couples In A Selected Baranggay” San Pablo College School Year 2005-2006
D. Electronic Publication
Bongaart, J, and Bologh, G, (2008) Studies in Family Planning; Used of modern Family planning methods up in rural areas http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2004/pr0414tx.html
David F and Chin F. (2001) Family Planning: Its Economic and Psychosocial Influences on the Lives of Women in Western Visayas http://www.fhi.org/en/RH/Pubs/wsp/fctshts/Philippines3.htm
Daughtry, D and Edgar, M, (2003) Marital Satisfaction and FamilyPlanning Practices http://nfp.freehostia.com/marta.html
Lo B. (2009 Philippine Family Planning Bill Nears a Votehttp://www.womensenews.org/story/the-world/090125/philippine-family-planning-bill-nears-vote
Mostafavi, S, and Mehryar, A, (2006) Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Men’s Use of Family Planning Methods in Irahttp://www.sid.ir/En/VEWSSID/J_pdf/103120064702.pdf
Qazilbash,A, and Sultana, A, (2003) Factors Associated With Failure Of Family Planning Methods In Pakistan: A Case Study http://www.sdpi.org/whats_new/seminar_conferences_FAILURE%20OF%20FAMILY%20PLANNING.htm
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Appendix A
Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityMAIN CAMPUS
Santa Cruz, Laguna
January 28, 2010
HON. RIZALDY KALAWBrgy. CaptainBrgy. Oogong Sta. Cruz, Laguna
Dear Sir,Good Day!The undersigned a BSN IV-A Student of Laguna State Polytechnic
University, Sta. Cruz Main Campus, College of Nursing, is presently working on his thesis entitled “EFFECTS OF FAMILY PLANNING METHODS ON THE HEALTH CONDITIONS OF THE SELECTED COUPLES OF BRGY. OOGONG STA. CRUZ, LAGUNA”
In relation to this yours truly is requesting permission from your good office to gather some information regarding the family planning or birth control methods that the couples of Brgy. Oogong, Sta. Cruz, Laguna are using.
Hoping for your positive response on this matter.
Thank you very much…
Respectfully yours,(Sgd)________________
ERYL B. ESTRADA
Noted:_____________________(Sgd)ELENITA S. CARANDANG RN, MSN,
Thesis Adviser
Approved:(Sgd)_________________
HON. RIZALDY KALAWBrgy. Captain
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Appendix B
QUESTIONNAIRE
Title: EFFECTS OF FAMILY PLANNING METHODS ON THE HEALTH
CONDITIONS OF THE SELECTED COUPLES OF BRGY. OOGONG, STA.
CRUZ, LAGUNA.
Instruction: Please complete the data & put a check from the following
options according to your choice.
Assured that any information shared will only be utilized for the purpose of
this investigation and your identity will be treated with outmost confidentiality.
Thank you for your whole hearted cooperation.
Age:
[ ] 18 – 20 [ ] 27 – 29
[ ] 21 – 23 [ ] 30 – 32
[ ] 24 – 26 [ ] 33 and above
Educational Attainment:
[ ] Elementary
[ ] High School
[ ] College
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Please indicate appropriate answer to the following questions; please put a check on the corresponding numbers:
5 – Strongly Agree4 – Agree3 – Neither Agree Nor Disagree2 – Disagree1 – Strongly Disagree
1. What is the status of the health conditions of the couples when using the family planning methods in terms of:
1. Physical Aspects 5 4 3 2 11.1 Experience decrease in libido1.2 Able to maintain body weight1.3 Experience dizziness / drowsiness1.4 Feeling of nausea and vomiting1.5 Feeling of light headache
2. Psychological Aspects 5 4 3 2 12.1 Experience stress when family planning method is un available2.2 Feeling of guilt using contraceptive methods2.3 Difficulty in thinking or concentrating 2.4 Cerate positive outlook in life / inability to thinking positively2.5 Change in self perception
3. Emotional Aspects 5 4 3 2 13.1 With episodes of depressions3.2 Relationship satisfaction3.3 Experienced nervousness when contraceptive is used3.4 Mood swing3.5 Episode of anger out burst
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Appendix CData Matrix
PHYSICAL1
NO. OGF RESPONDENTS 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
1 3 4 3 2 3 32 3 5 3 2 3 3.23 3 5 5 2 4 3.84 3 5 3 3 3 3.45 2 5 4 3 5 3.86 3 4 3 2 3 37 2 2 4 3 2 2.68 3 5 3 2 3 3.29 2 5 5 3 3 3.6
10 3 5 3 5 3 3.811 3 5 5 3 4 412 2 4 3 2 3 2.813 2 5 5 3 3 3.614 2 4 3 2 3 2.815 3 5 3 3 3 3.416 2 3 4 2 3 2.817 3 5 4 3 2 3.418 2 3 4 2 3 2.819 3 5 3 3 3 3.420 2 3 5 2 3 321 2 5 4 3 5 3.822 2 3 4 2 3 2.823 3 5 4 3 5 424 3 3 4 2 4 3.225 3 5 4 3 3 3.6
AVERGE MEAN 2.56 4.32 3.8 2.6 3.28 3.312SD 0.506623 0.945163 0.763763 0.707107 0.791623 0.424578
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PSYCHOLOGICAL2
NO. OGF RESPONDENTS
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5
1 3 1 3 5 2 2.82 3 1 3 5 2 2.83 4 1 3 5 2 34 3 2 3 5 2 35 4 1 3 5 1 2.86 4 1 3 5 2 37 3 1 3 4 1 2.48 3 2 4 5 2 3.29 3 1 4 5 1 2.8
10 3 2 2 5 2 2.811 3 2 4 3 1 2.612 4 2 4 5 2 3.413 3 1 4 3 3 2.814 3 2 2 3 3 2.615 4 2 2 5 4 3.416 3 2 2 3 3 2.617 3 2 2 3 3 2.618 3 3 2 3 3 2.819 3 2 2 5 2 2.820 4 3 2 3 2 2.821 3 3 2 3 1 2.422 3 2 2 3 1 2.223 3 2 4 4 1 2.824 4 2 2 3 1 2.425 4 1 2 3 2 2.4
AVERGE MEAN 3.32 1.76 2.76 4.04 1.96 2.768SD 0.476095 0.663325 0.830662 0.978093 0.840635 0.298217
EMOTIONAL
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3
NO. OGF RESPONDENTS
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
1 2 5 2 3 2 2.82 2 5 2 3 2 2.83 2 4 2 3 2 2.64 2 5 2 4 2 35 2 4 1 3 3 2.66 2 5 2 3 2 2.87 2 5 3 3 2 38 2 5 2 3 3 39 2 5 2 2 2 2.6
10 2 5 2 3 2 2.811 2 5 2 3 2 2.812 2 5 2 3 2 2.813 2 5 2 2 2 2.614 2 5 2 4 2 315 3 5 2 3 2 316 2 5 2 3 2 2.817 2 5 2 2 2 2.618 2 5 1 3 2 2.619 2 5 2 3 2 2.820 3 4 1 4 2 2.821 2 5 2 3 2 2.822 2 5 1 3 2 2.623 2 5 2 3 2 2.824 2 4 2 3 2 2.625 2 3 2 3 2 2.4
AVERGE MEAN 2.08 4.76 1.88 3 2.08 2.76SD 0.276887 0.522813 0.439697 0.5 0.276887 0.163299
CURRICULUM VITAE
ERYL B. ESTRADA
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Sitio 2 Brgy. Oogong Sta. Cruz, LagunaMobile No.: 09065497687E- mail Add.: [email protected]
PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: June 5, 1989Place of Birth: Laguna Holy Family Clinic, Sta. Cruz, LagunaAge: 20Civil Status: MarriedGender: MaleReligion: AglipayanCitizenship: FilipinoHeight: 5’8”Weight: 60 kgLanguage Spoken: Filipino and EnglishMother: Lydia Baltazar EstradaFather: Arthur Sofer Estrada
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary: Laguna State Polytechnic University Sta. Cruz Campus, Sta. Cruz, LagunaS. Y. 2005- 2010
Degree: Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Associate in Health Science EducationS.Y. 2006- 2008
Secondary: Laguna State Polytechnic University Sta. Cruz Campus, Sta. Cruz, LagunaS. Y. 2000- 2004
Primary: Sta. Cruz Central Elementary SchoolSta. Cruz, LagunaS. Y. 1995- 2001
ORGANIZATIONAL/AFFILIATIONS
Mousike Organization (LSPU-SCC Main Campus)
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Sta. Cruz, Laguna
National Center for Mental HealthMandaluyong City
San Lazaro HospitalMetro Manila
Philippine Orthopedic CenterBanawe, Quezon City
United Candelaria Doctors HospitalCandelaria, Quezon
Calamba Medical CenterCalamba, Laguna
Laguna Provincial HospitalSta. Cruz, Laguna
Laguna Holy Family HospitalSta. Cruz, Laguna
Nagcarlan District HospitalNagcarlan, Laguna
Laguna Polymedic Hospital Sta. Cruz, Laguna
SEMINARS ATTENDED
Filipino Nurses, Patriots, Leaders for ChangeCultural Center, Sta. Cruz LagunaSeptember 11, 2009
Disaster NursingRed Cross Laguna Chapter Sta. Cruz LagunaOctober 20-22, 2009