effect of physical properties of cotton on enzyme concentration
TRANSCRIPT
ENZYMES
Enzymes - Greek word “Enzymos”Meaning - in the cell / from the
cell’. Enzymes – Proteins composed of amino acids,produced by all living organisms Responsible for number of reactions & biologicalactivities. Enzymes - Work efficiently and rapidly &biodegradable. Enzymes types - Malt, Bacterial, Pancreaticetc, Major functions - Hydrolysis, Oxidation,Reduction Coagulation & Decomposition.
2
HYDROLASES ENZYME
Hydrolases - Mostly used enzyme intextiles.
These enzymes are mostly preferred due tofollowing reasons
1) Accelerate the rate of the reaction2) Specific in action3) Low temperature operation4) Safe and easy to control.5) Replace harsh chemicals6) No pollution7) Biologically degradable 3
CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYMES
Used during the process & can be
recovered at the end
Requires low activation energy - reaction
conditions are close to the ambient.
Sharp control over process conditions - very
sensitive to pH & temp variations.
Eco-friendly & accomplish their work quickly
and efficiently without leaving any pollutants
behind. 4
ENZYMATIC MECHANISMFirst suggested by Emil Fischer in 1890s.
Enzymes - particular shape - substrate fit
exactly like “Lock and Key” model.
The active centers in the enzymes (Fissures,
Holes, Pockets, Cavities or Hollows) form
complex with the substrate.
The bio-reaction in this complex & its
destruction - release of original enzyme and
the product.5
Enzymatic mechanism
6
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS2 types of fabrics
Plain cotton woven fabric - desizing, Scouring, Bio-polishing
3/1 twill weave Denim fabric - Denim washing
Plain cotton woven fabric
Weave : Plain WovenFabric
EPI : 80PPI : 60GSM : 130Warp Count : 60s NeWeft Count : 60s Ne
Denim fabric
Weave : 3/1 TwillWoven Fabric
EPI : 26PPI : 20GSM : 180Warp Count : 18sNeWeft Count : 26s Ne
ENZYMATIC DESIZING
Most effective & widely used method for theremoval of Starch.
Use Starch liquefying enzymes in requiredquantity under controlled condition of pH andtemperature.
Amylase enzyme from Malt extract were firstused to degrade starch-based sizes for cheapand effective desizing.
Two categories of amylaseα-amylaseβ-amylase
8
ENZYMATIC DESIZING (Contd…)
α-amylase attacks the starch randomly &
form Dextrins. Very rapid in action & produce
simple water soluble sugars.
The β-amylase converts starch into maltose
& it is slower in the rate of action.
The rate of desizing depends on the ratio of
these two amylases.
Higher α-amylase content - faster reaction
& vice versa. 9
MECHANISM OF DESIZING BY α- AMYLASE ENZYME
PROCESS SEQUENCES
Recipeα Amylase enzyme – 3%, 6% & 9% o.w.fwetting agent – 0.5% o.w.fpH – 8-10M:L- 1:40Temp - 55°cTime – 1 hr
Sequence
Treat the fabric with the given recipe
Raise the temp of the bath to 55°c for 1 hr
Taken out the material and rinse with hot & cold water
Squeeze
Dry11
Enzymatic desizingEFFECT OF AMYLASE ON DESIZING
EFFICIENCY Enzyme used: Amylase Enzyme
S.no
Enzyme Conc. & Parameters
Untreated
3% 6% 9% Acid Desizi
ng
1 Desizing efficiency (%)
0 90 94 98 85
2 Strength Loss (Kg)
48 47.3 46.5 46 44
EFFECT OF AMYLASE ON DESIZING EFFICIENCY
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Desizing Efficiency Strength Losss
Untreated
3%
6%
9%
Acid Desizing
BIO-SCOURING
Alkaline scouring – require harsh
chemicals, high temp & high effluent load
Bio-scouring - effective alternative to
chemical scouring.
Cottonase T & Pectinease enzyme is
widely used
Versatile, economically viable & eco-
friendly14
PROCESS SEQUENCES
Recipe:
Sequence
Treat the fabric with the given recipe
Raise the temp of the bath to 55°c for 1 hr
Taken out the material and rinse with hot & cold water
Squeeze
dry 15
Enzyme used Conc % (owf) pH Temp (°c)
Pectinease 1.5, 3 & 4.5% 6.0 60
Cottanase T 1.5, 3 & 4.5% 6.5 65
BIO SCOURING
EFFECT OF PECTINASE ON SCOURINGEFFICIENCY
Sl.No Desizing
conc (%)3 6 9
1Pectinase Conc (%)
1.5 3 4.5 1.5 3.0 4.5 1.5 3.0 4.5
2Absorbency
(Sec) 3.3 3 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2 1.8 1.6
EFFECT OF PECTINASE ON SCOURINGEFFICIENCY
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1.5 3 4.5
Pectinase Conc.(%)
Ab
sorb
en
cy
(Se
c)
Amylase 3 % Amylase 6 % Amylase 9 %
BIO SCOURING
EFFECT OF COTTANASE T ON SCOURINGEFFICIENCY
Sl.No Desizing
conc (%)3 6 9
1Cottonase Conc (%)
1.5 3 4.5 1.5 3.0 4.5 1.5 3.0 4.5
2Absorbency
(Sec) 4.4 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.6
EFFECT OF COTTANASE T ON SCOURINGEFFICIENCY
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
1.5 3 4.5Cottanase T 20 Conc.(%)
Ab
so
rbe
nc
y (
Se
c)
Amylase 3 % Amylase 6 % Amylase 9 %
ADVANTAGES OF BIO-SCOURING
Milder conditions of processing and
excellent absorbency in goods.
No Oxy-cellulose formation and less
strength loss
Uniform removal of waxes.
Highly suitable for scouring of blends.
Low TDS in discharge.
Compared to conventional fabric is softer 20
APPLICATION OF ENZYME ON FINISHING
Finishing - value addition process - hides
fabric defects & improves aesthetic value.
Enzymes application area in finishing process
Bio-washing
Bio-polishing
The fashionable stone wash look of denim
garment and other processes – applications of
cellulose finishing.21
DENIM WASHING
Denim fabric - woven fabric of 3/1 twill
weave coarse counts of yarn
Warp - Indigo dyed yarn
Weft- Grey yarn.
Conventional method - faded effect
achieved by acid / stone wash.
Stone wash – garment/fabric rubbed
against pumice stones
Disadv: loss of strength & thickness of the
fabric.
MECHANISM OF DENIM WASHING
23
PROCESS SEQUENCES
Recipe:
SequenceLoad the fabric in drum dyeing machine
Add the water & wetting agentRaise the temperature 60 0 C
Run the fabric for 20 minDrain
Add the water and Laccase enzyme Run the fabric for 60 min
Drain Cold wash
Dry 24
Enzyme used Conc % (owf) pH Temp (°c)
Laccase 1, 1.5 & 2% 6.0 40
DENIM WASHING (Contd…)Enzyme used - Cellulase enzymes
Advantages
Completely eliminate stone as the abrasive
agent in denim wash
Prevent damage to washing machines &
garments
Eliminates disposal of the used stones
Improves the quality of the waste water
No environmental pollution
Reduces processing time
Saves chemical & energy costs
BIO WASHINGEFFECT OF LACCASE ON BIO WASHING
EFFICIENCY
Enzyme used: Laccase Enzyme
Parameters
Enzyme Conc Used %(o.w.f)
STONE WASH
STONE +
ENZYME WASH
1% 1.5% 2%
Weight loss % 2% 2.5% 3% 10% 12%
EFFECT OF LACCASE ON BIO WASHING EFFICIENCY
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
enzyme conc 1%
enzyme conc 1.5%
enzyme conc 2%
stone w
ash
stone+enzyme
% o
f Weig
ht lo
ss
weight loss%
BIO POLISHING
To remove every kind of impurity + ends
protruding from the fabric surface.
Enzymatic hydrolysis weakens the fiber ends.
To achieve a good result, mechanical
treatment is necessary.
Cellulase enzyme – widely used
Cause controlled super ficial attack on the
fiber leading to decolourisation without bringing
about excessive loss in fabric strength.
PROCESS SEQUENCES
Recipe:
SequenceLoad the fabric in drum dyeing machine
Add the water & wetting agentRaise the temperature 60 0 C
Run the fabric for 20 minDrain
Add the water and Laccase enzyme Run the fabric for 60 min
Drain Cold wash
Dry 29
Enzyme used Conc % (owf) pH Temp (°c)
Cellulase 1, 1.5 & 2% 6.5 45
EFFECT OF BIO POLISHING
Before enzyme treatment After enzyme treatment
BIO POLISHINGEFFECT OF CELLULASE ON BIO POLISHING
EFFICIENCY
Enzyme used: Cellulase Enzyme
Parameters
Enzyme Conc Used %(o.w.f)
1% 1.5% 2%
Weight loss % 1.5% 2% 3%
EFFECT OF CELLULASE ON BIO POLISHING EFFICIENCY
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1 1.5 2
Weight loss %
En
zym
e C
on
c %
weight loss %
BIO POLISHING (Contd…)
ADVANTAGES
Reduces the pilling tendency
Cleans the fabric surface & reduces fluff
Improves handle properties like softness &
flexibility
Improves fabric drape
Improves the hydrophilic properties
Improves dyestuff affinity, yield, levelness &
brilliance
CONCLUSION
Thus the “ENZYMES” replaces traditional
method with more advantages such as
Replacing harmful chemicals
Require less effluent treatments
Low cost and less energy consumption
No damages to materials
34
REFERENCESApplication of Bio-Technology in Textiles/
Asian Dyer Oct 06
Application of enzyme in textile processing– by Dr Bhaarathi dhurai
www.fiber2fashion.com/articles/biotech.453html
www.biocon.com/products/textilefinishing
www.resil.com/products
www.mapsenzyme.com/developments
www.bharattextile.com/newsletter
www.textileinfo.com/enzymes
REFERENCE
Application of Bio-Technology in Textiles/ Asian Dyer
Oct 06
Application of enzyme in textile processing – by
Dr Bhaarathi dhurai
www.fiber2fashion.com/articles/biotech.453html
www.biocon.com/products/textilefinishing
www.resil.com/products
www.mapsenzyme.com/developments
www.bharattextile.com/newsletter
www.textileinfo.com/enzymes36