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Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR PT1181105 EEP practical

NAME- RAVI RANJAN KUMAR CLASS- Section A(G 1)

INTACK No PT1181105 Subject- EEP

Semester- First Year- 2011

Serial

No.

Name of Experiment Date

1. To Know the operation of multimeter 06-09-2011

2. Verification of Ohms law 13-09-2011

3.(a) Measuring of resistance, current, and voltage in a

series resistance circuit.

21-09-2011

3.(b) Measurement of resistance current and voltage in a

Parallel, resistance circuit.

27-09-2011

4.(a) Verification of Kirchhoffs Voltage law (KVL) 11-10-2011

4.(b) Verification of Kirchhoffs Current law (KCL) 18-10-2011


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EXPERIMENT No- 1

AIM- To knowthe operation of a multimeter.

APPARATUS REQUIRED-

Multimeter

Connecting wire

THEORY-

It is an instrument designed to measure electric current, voltage and

usually resistance, typically over several ranges of value. It is also known as a

volt-ohm-meter. A multimeter can be a hand- held device useful to basic fault

finding and field work which can measured to a very high degree of accuracy.

When used for measuring voltage the input impedance of

the multimeter must be very high compared to the impedance of the circuit

measured by it. Otherwise the reading will be in accurate.

Scence the basic indicator system in either an analog or digital meter responds

to DC only a multimeter include on AC to DC conversion circuit.

AMMETER- A deviceused to measure current level.

VOLTMETER- A deviceused to measure the potential difference between two

point.

PROCEDURE-


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1. For finding current ,digitalmultimeter are connecting in

series. As shown in figure.

2. For calculation of voltage, connected the digital multimeter

in series to the circuit as shown in figure.

PRECAUTION-

1. All the connected must be tied.

2. Never apply power to the circuit while measuring resistance

with multimeter.

3. Distance the circuit completely before connecting or

disconnecting a multimeter.

RESULT-

The value of A.C voltage in our lab was 182.6v


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EXPRIMENT No-2

AIM OF THE EXPRIMENT-Verification of ohms law.

COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED

1. Resistance

2. DC supply

3. Multimeter4. Connecting wire

THEORY-

It states that the current passing through a conductor between two

points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points

and inversely proportional to the resistance between them.

There for

I V

Or, V R

Or, R =V/ I

Where

R = Resistance

V= Potential


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I= Current

V(in volts) I(in m A) R=V/I ( )

0.5 50 10

1.0 100 10

1.5 150 10

2.0 200 10

2.5 250 10

3.0 300 10

3.5 350 10

4.0 400 10


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PROCEDURE-

1. Connect the circuit using set of jumper wires.

2. I connecting one set of jumper wire to the DC source for

circuiting in action.

3. I adjusted voltage on voltmeter using rheostat and measurecorresponding current in ammeter by switching on the circuit.

RESULT-

We get same resistance 10 in different reading and we get straight

line in graph.

050

100150200250300350400450

0 1 2 3 4 5

C u r r e n t ( i n m A

)

Voltage(in V)

GRAPH


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EXPRIMENT No-3(a)

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

Measurement of resistance, current and voltage in a series resistance circuit.

COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS

1.Resistors of different values

2. DC supply

3. Multimeter

4. Connecting wire

THEORY-

Resistor are connected in series if the same current is flowing through

each resistor, when same potential difference is applied across the combination.

Let resistor or resistance R1, R2 and R3 be

connected in series between the terminal A and B and a potential difference

V is a applied between A and B . Let I be the current through the

circuit. Let V1, V2, V3 be the potential difference across R1, R2,and R3.

Then,

V1= I*R 1, V 2= I*R 2 , V 3= I *R 3

And V= V 1+V 2+V 3

If R is the effective resistance,

Then , V= I*R


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IR= I*R 1+ I*R 2+ I*R 3

R= R 1+R 2+ R 3

When a number of resistor are connected in series.The effective resistance is

the sum of the individual resistance.

Resistance(R) Current(I) Voltage(V)

R 1=47 I 1 =0.058 mA V 1=2.72

R 2=56 I 2 =0.058 mA V 2=3.24

R 3=68 I 3 =0.058 mA V 3=3.94

R=R 1+R 2+R 3

=47+56+68

=171

Therefore, I=V/R=10/171=0.058

PROCEDURE-


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1. Connected the current and voltage to 10 v and turn off the supply.

2. Connect the resistor and voltmeter with circuit .

3. Connect the voltmeter in parallel with circuit and also ammeter in series

with circuit.

4. Using multimeter , measure the current across the circuit.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Measure V1, V2, V3 carefully so to reduce errors.

2. Switch off the battry when not in use.3. The current measured through each resistor should be equal otherwise

circuit is wrong.

RESULT-

V1=2.72, V2= 3.24, V3= 3.94 are the voltage measured in the

resistor R1 , R2 , R3


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EXPERIMENT No- 3(b)

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

Measurement of resistance, current and voltage in a parallel resistance circuit.

COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS-

Resistor of difference values

DC supply

Multimeter

Connecting wire

THEORY-

Resistor are said to be connected in parallel if the potential difference

across each of them is the same and is equal to the applied potential difference .

In parallel combination , current through each resistor varies . Equivalent

resistance of the circuit is always less than either of the resistance in the circuit.

Therefore,

1/R p=1/R 1+1/R 2+.+1/R n

PROCEDURE-

1. Connect the resistance R1, R2, and R3 properly .

2. Using multimeter as a ohm-meter, measure

Req=

3.

Calculate equivalent resistance R, theoretically by usingR=R 1*R 2/R 1+R 2


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Resistance( ) Voltage(v) Current(i)

R1=100 10v i=100

R2=150 10v i=66.66

R3=200 10v i=50

Since,I/R=1/R 1+1/R 2+1/R 3

=1/100+1/150+1/200

=0.01+0.006+0.005

=0.021

So, R=1/0.021=47.619

RESULT-

1. We observed that voltage across each resistor is same ,

i.e., V1=V2=10v

2. The amount of current is different in all resistor , I 1=100, I 2=66.66,

I3=50


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EXPRIMENT No-4. (a)

AIM OF THE EXPRIMENT-

To measure the voltage across each resistor in the circuit and verify Kirchhoffs

voltage law.

COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED

Resistor

DC supply

Multimeter

Connecting wire

THEORY-

Kirchhoffs voltage law describes the distribution of voltage within aloop or closed conducting of an electrical circuit.

Specifically, the law states that The algebraic sum of

the voltage in any loop must be equal to zero.

PROCEDURE-

1.Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Set the power supply unit to a suitable voltage .

3. Observe the voltage in the different meter(V, V 1, V2

, V3) connected in the

circuit and note down in the tabular column.

4. Repeatstep 2& 3 by increasing the voltage in steps.

5. Verify the above reading with the calculate values.


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S.No Supply

Voltage

V1 V2 V 3

1. 6 1 2 3

2. 18 4.32 8.64 5.04

3. 15 4 5 6

RESULT-

It is clear from the observation that sum of all the potential difference

in any loop is equal to zero.


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EXPRIMENT No- 4(b)

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT-

To measure the current through each resistor in the circuit and

verify Kirchhoffs current law.

COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED-

Resistor

DC supply

Multimeter

Connecting wire

THEORY

Kirchhoffs current law also known as Kirchhoffs junction law , define theway that electrical current is distributes when it crosses through a junction a

point where three or more conductors meet.

Specifically the law states that- The algebraic sum of

current into any junction is zero.

PROCEDURE-

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram .

2. Set the power supply unit to a suitable voltage.

3. Observe the current in the different meter (A, A 1, A 2,A3,) connected in

the circuit and note down in the tabular column.

4. Repeat step 2& 3 by increasing the voltage in steps

5. Verify the above reading with the calculated value.


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S.No Supply

Voltage

Supply

Current

I1 I2 I=I 1+I2

1. 6v 105 63 42 150

RESULT-

It is clear from this observation the sum of all the current entering at a

junction is equal to sum of all the current outgoing.

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