원자핵물리학분과소개 -...
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원자핵물리학분과 소개
2009. 6. 29.
김 우 영
제7회 2009년 핵물리여름학교
Korean Nuclear Physics Community
Nuclear Physics in Korea
Hadron Physics : Electron Scattering
CTOF Detector Development for 12 GeV Upgrade
Polarization 3He for Nuclear Physics and Medical Application
Contents
Members ~ 100
Steering Committee 12
Korea-Japan Coop Committee 3
Summer School Committee 3
Public Relation Committee 7
Nuclear Physics Division in KPS
Low Energy
Group
~ 20 members
Theory, Nuclear-astro Physics,
Application (Compton Camera,
Imaging)
Heavy Ion
Group
~ 20 members
Theory, RHIC, GSI, CERN
Hadron Group~ 20 members
Theory, JLab, J-PARC
Research Group Activity
원자핵물리학분과 홈페이지
http://home.icpr.or.kr/~kpsnuclear/
원자핵물리학분과 운영위원
이 름 기관명 임 기 전 화 E-mail Address
박병윤 (분과위원장) 충남대학교 2008.04~2010.04 042-821-6551 [email protected]
현창호 (간사) 대구대학교 2009.04~2011.04 053-850-6975 [email protected]
이 름 기관명 임 기 전 화 E-mail Address
김은주 전북대학교 2009.04~2011.04 063-270-2776 [email protected]
김종원 국립암센터 2009.04~2011.04 031-920-1727 [email protected]
박현서 표준연구원 2009.04~2011.04 042-868-5703 [email protected]
이영욱 원자력연구소 2009.04~2011.04 042-868-2964 [email protected]
이창환 부산대학교 2009.04~2011.04 051-510-2165 [email protected]
이희정 충북대학교 2009.04~2011.04 043-264-2732 [email protected]
채종서 성균관대학교 2009.04~2011.04 031-290-4590 [email protected]
이 름 기관명 임 기 전 화 E-mail Address
김용균 한양대학교 2007.11~2009.10 02-2220-2354 [email protected]
장종화 한국원자력연구소 2007.11~2009.10 042-868-2884 [email protected]
홍병식 고려대학교 2007.11~2009.10 02-3290-3105 [email protected]
홍승우 성균관대학교 2007.11~2009.10 031-290-7047 [email protected]
원자핵물리학분과 한일, 한러 교류 소위원회
이 름 기관명 전 화 E-mail Address
방형찬 서울대학교 [email protected]
전일동 연세대학교
안정근 부산대학교 051-510-2227 [email protected]
이 름 기관명 전 화 E-mail Address
박병윤 충남대학교 042-821-6551 [email protected]
김우영 경북대학교 053-950-5317 [email protected]
홍승우 성균관대학교 031-290-7047 [email protected]
이수형 연세대학교
이창환 부산대학교 051-510-2165 [email protected]
현창호 대구대학교 053-850-6975 [email protected]
한러 교류 소위원회
한일 교류 소위원회
핵물리학교 운영위원
이 름 기관명 전 화 E-mail Address
김용균 한양대학교 [email protected]
김현철 인하대학교 (핵물리학교조직위원장) [email protected]
박병윤 충남대학교 (원자핵물리분과위원장) 042-821-6551 [email protected]
유인권 부산대학교 051-510-2594 [email protected]
윤진희 인하대학교 032-860-7663 [email protected]
홍병식 고려대학교 [email protected]
년 도 위 원 co-chair to be co-chair chair ex-chair out
2007 김용균 김현철 홍병식 이수형 홍승우
2008 윤진희 김용균 김현철 홍병식 이수형 홍승우, 채종서
2009 윤진희 김용균 박병윤 김현철 유인권 홍병식, 이수형
원자핵물리학분과 학회 활동
제7회핵물리학교안내
Korea Research Foundation
Korea Science and
Engineering Foundation
Funding Agency
KPS Korean Physical Society
APCTPAsia Pacific Center for Theoretical
Physics : Pohang, Seoul
ICPRInformation Center for Physics
Research : Seoul Natl Univ.
Supporting Institution
Nuclear Power Plant
Pohang Synchrotron
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Theory Center : APCTP, KIAS
Application Facility
AMS : 2 MeV Van de Graff for Archeology
KAERI : Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
KRISS : Korea Research Institute for Standards and Science
Pohang Accelerator Lab : 2 GeV Synchrotron
Cyclotron Facility at Atomic Cancer Hospital
: 50 MeV proton beams
Cyclotron Facility at Cancer Hospital
: 230 MeV proton beams
Nuclear Power Plants : 4 Stations at Seashores
Facility
Nuclear Science Lab
Radio active Ion Beam
Detector Development, Testing
Theory
Beam Line at J-PARC
Hyper-nuclear Physics, Spin Physics
Long Range Plan
핵물리학 분야
Low Energy Nuclear Physics
Hadron Nuclear Physics
Heavy Ion Nuclear Physics
Application
Low Energy Nuclear Physics
핵구조, 핵반응
천체핵물리
Radioactive Beam을 사용한 연구
Double β Decay
기본 대칭성 Parity Violation
응용 : 고고학 연대측정, Compton Camera
Low Energy Nuclear Physics
Heavy Ion Nuclear Physics
● 극한 상태의 핵 연구
- 고온
- 고압
- 고밀도
● RHIC, GSI, CERN
Heavy Ion Nuclear Physics
핵물리학의 고고학적 활용
Hadron Nuclear Physics
Jefferson Lab
RCNP, KEK
J-Parc
Ground State Charge Density : Saclay
Spectrum and line-shape fit of 190-MeV electron scattered from 142Ce at 450
Energy (MeV)
Co
un
ts
Ρ(r
) (1
0-3
e f
m-3
)
r (fm)
Transition charge
density for the 2+ states
σ/σ
Mo
t
t
Qeff (fm-1)Form factors
for the 2+ states
2+ states in 142Ce
: Additional Nuclear Structure Information
2* * ( , )
dh
d d
* * *
' ' ' 'cos 2sin cosT T TL TL
L L T T
v R v RA
v R v R
Super-Rosenbluth Separation
Simultaneous Measurements of T’ and TL’ asymmetries
• Intrinsic Deformation of the Spin ½ Nucleon ;
– Inferred from Transition Amplitudes for the N- Δ excitation
• Spherical Bag Model ;– Δ+(1232) : A pure Spin-flip Transition through an M1 Excitation.
– D-state admixtures in the ground state of the Nucleon and/or Δ allows the Quadrupole Excitation.
• Glashow’s Suggestion ;
– A New Observable, REM(EMR)
– A non-zero Value for EMR : Clear Evidence for “Deformation”
• Virtual Photon ;– E2, C2(Coulomb, or Scalar), REM(EMR), RSM(CMR)
양성자의 구조
• REM > 0
• REM < 0
Q2 Dependence of the Electric(S1+) and Scalar(E1+) Quadrupole/magnetic Dipole Ratios
Pion Deform the Proton’s Electric Charge Cloud
• The photon (blue) emitted by the scattered electron (red) interacts directly with the pion cloud rather than with the quarks inside the proton
• The measured shape of the deformed electric-charge cloud is slightly oblate (squashed), rather than prolate (elongated).
진공에서부터 물질과 반물질의 생성
• Virtual Compton Scattering in the Bjorken regime
• Virtual Compton Scattering : Electroproduction of photons from nucleons
• The cleanest way of gathering information on nucleon structure
• The simplest experiment for studying GPDs
(W > 2GeV, Q2 > 1 (GeV/c)2)
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering
2-D Scotty
z
x
z
y
3-D Scotty
x
1-D Scotty
x
Calcium
Water
Carbon
Deep Inelastic Scattering &
PDs
Deeply Virtual
Exclusive
Processes & GPDs
GPDs & PDs
• Feynman diagrams for DVCS and Bethe-Heitler processes contributing to the amplitude of
scatteringep ep
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering
• The experiment measures the interference of DVCS and Bethe-Heitler (BH) process4
2
2
4 4
2 2
1,1 0,1
2
| |
Im( )
1 Im sin Im sin 2
DVCS BH
B
DVCS BH
B B
dT T
dQ dx dtd
d dT T
dQ dx dtd dQ dx dtd
a M b M OQ
4 4
4 4
( )1
( )e
N Nd dA
d d P N N
eP
N
N
ep ep
ep ep
• Beam Spin Asymmetry
where : beam polarization (70%)
: number of events at positive beam helicity
: number of events at negative beam helicity
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering
• The data points are fitted with the function
The fitted parameters are
In the Bjorken regime should vanish, leaving only the
contribution from transverse photons.
• Theoretical calculations are from fixed values of
( ) sin sin2 .A
0.202 0.028 0.013 ,
0.024 0.028 0.009 .
stat sys
stat sys
2 2
2
1.25 ( / ) ,
0.19,
0.19
B
Q GeV c
x
t GeV
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering
• dependence of the beam spin asymmetry A. The dark shaded region is the range of the fitted function defined by the statistical errors of parameters and , the light shaded region includes systematic uncertainties added linearly to the statistical uncertainties.
( )A
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering
Ee = 11 GeV
Q2=5.5GeV2
xB = 0.35
-t = 0.25 GeV2
Ee = 4 GeV
Accessing GPDs through DVCS
d4dQ2dxBdtd
~ |TDVCS + TBH|2
Eo = 11 GeV Eo = 6 GeV Eo = 4 GeV
BH
DVCS
TBH : given by elastic form factors F1, F2
TDVCS: determined by GPDs
I ~ 2(TBH)Im(TDVCS)
BH-DVCS interference generates beam
and target polarization asymmetries that
carry the proton structure information.
DVCS
BH
p p
e e
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
CEBAF’s Scientific Goal
Nuclei as bound
states of nucleons
Molecules as bound
states of atoms
Nucleons as bound states of quarks and
gluons
Atoms as bound states of electrons
and a nucleus
Quantum Chromo Dynamics
Quantum Mechanics +Coulomb’s Law
CEBAF
Nuclear and Particle Physics Atomic Physics
?
?
Hall B
EC
TOF
Cerenkov
Torus
Drift Chambers
Cerenkov
Central Detector
Beamline
Increase luminosity totenfold to 1035 cm-2s-1
1m
CLAS 12
12GeV Upgrade TOF System
50조각으로 이루어진 원통형 검출기 설계
PhotoMultiPlier Tube(PMT)
Plastic Scintillation Detector
TOF Light-Guides
•시간 분해능 : 50 ps
•플라스틱 : Bicron BC-408
•PMT Assembly :
Hamamatsu H7761-70
•고자장 : 5 Tesla
•고에너지 : 12 GeV
•고휘도 : 1035 /cm2sec
Silicon Vertex Tracker
Superconducting
solenoid coil
(Bmax = 5T)
Central TOF
TOF SystemdT ~ 50psecKNU Group
Barrel Plastic Scintillator Prototype
Why Fine-Mesh Photomultipliers?
• Fine mesh Photomultipliers have been designed by Hamamatsu Photonics for the operation in the high-magnetic field environment up to 1.5 Tesla. Their dynode system is made of the ladder of fine grade mesh at certain potentials.
# Phototyube (type) Dynode System
Photocatho
de diameter
(mm)
Photocatho
de Type
Anode
Sensetivity
(typical)
(A/Lm)
Anode
Pulse
Rise
Time (ns)
Electro
n
Transit
Time
(ns)
Transit
Tame
Spread
(ns)
1 R2083 ordinary 39 Bialkali 200 0.7 16 0.37
2 R5505-70 fine mesh 17.5 Bialkali 40 2.1 5.6 0.35
3 R7761-70 fine mesh 27 Bialkali 800 2.5 7.5 0.35
4 R5924-70 fine mesh 39 Bialkali 700 2.5 9.5 0.44
5 R6504-70 fine mesh 51 Bialkali 700 2.7 11 0.47
Comparison of properties of fast ordinary R2083 and Fine-mesh PMTs
Why Hamamatsu R7761-70?
Hamamatsu R7761-70
photomultipliers are
chosen because of
• Their resistance to magnetic
field
• Good timing performance
• Geometrical dimensions
• High gain
• Relatively low priceDependence of R7761-70 gain on
magnetic filed for three sample PMTs
measured by Hamamatsu Photonics
K.K
High voltage divider, Fine-Mesh PM and the best position for fine mesh PM
R7761-70(Left), R2083(Right) PMT Anode Pulse
Two ways for measurement of Fine Mesh PMT performance
2XR7761-70+4XR2083 (Left) : timing resolution 61 ps
6XR2083 (Right) : timing resolution 53 ps
Fine-Mesh PM Hamamatsu R7761-70
σTOFR7761-70=37.5±0.11±1 psec·√L/LMIP
σTOFR2083=36.5±0.11±1 psec·√L/LMIP
Beam spectrum (October 2008)
Muon spectrum
σTOF dependence on the light output
Magnetic field (solenoid 1)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
I, Amp
-B,
Gau
ss
Series1
Measurements in magnetic field
Note: Beam energy is ~2 times (!) less than in the previous measurements without magnetic field
No gain dependence!
σTOF(θ=0) better at B=1100 Gauss!
θ=180
θ=0
Measurements in magnetic field(Jan 2009)
p p n
3He nn
e
equark
neutron
electron scattering SLAC/Jefferson
편극핵 3He
광펌핑 원리
광펌핑과 스핀교환법
광펌핑 원리와 스핀교환법
cell
optics
Diode Laser
Oven (160 oC)
pickup coil
e- beam
B ~ 30 Gauss
main coilsrf drive coils
Instrument Control
스핀교환장치
Optics system
Oven, coils and heaters
Ion pump and gas panel 5000C Oven tobake cell assembly
Laser
경북대학교 편극핵 실험실
SymmetryBreaking test
P.T.weak
Atomic PhysicsQuantum
mechanics
Low tempPhysics
Spin filterCondensed matter
physics
FusionNuclear physicsNuclear reaction
Spin structureOf nucleons
Hadron physicsQCD
BigbangNucleosynthesisAstrophysics
BiomedicalScience MRI 129Xe
3He
3He 편극핵 생성기술의 과학 및 산업적인 응용
n + 3He → p + 3T (J=0 resonance)
3Hen n
Neutron Polarizer-Spin Filter
Water inside
Laser-Polarized Helium-3 Gas
47,000 GaussWater inside
Laser-Polarized Helium-3 Gas
47,000 Gauss
2 Tesla
21 Gauss
Water 3He
물과 3He의 MRI 영상비교
건강한 사람의 폐와 폐병환자의 폐 인체의 폐 영상
개의 대장에 편극 3He 를 주입한 영상 129Xe를 사용한 쥐의 뇌 MRI
저자장 MRI 활용영상
인체 MR 영상 비교(a) 20,000 Gauss의 1H MRI (b) 20 Gauss의 편극 3He MRI
편극 3He 가스를 사용한 폐질환 MR 영상
의료 진단용 저자장 MRI 사용영상
Results
Results
Siemens
Modification Access for
Hyperpolarized Nuclei
Imaging
Kyungpook Natl. Univ.
3He, 129Xe Production Brain Institute,
Gachon Medical University
Coil Construction and Pulse
Sequence Software
Radiology Department,
Pusan National University
1.5 Tesla MRI for 3He, 129Xe
and Medical Doctor for
Interpretation
Future Plan in Medical Imaging
Hyper-polarized129Xe, 3He in
medicine and
others
Export to foreign countries Higher education
Nuclear physics
Nuclear reactions
New medical technologyIndustrial application
Spin Structure Function Spintronics using
Polarized neutron beam
Polarized 3He Application
현대 핵물리학
• 첨단 과학기술 이용- 제2차 산란 기술을 사용한 방사성 핵종빔- 고에너지, 고전류, 편극전자빔, 편극핵과녁,
대형검출기를 이용한 스핀 비대칭성 측정• 학제간 유기성- 입자물리, 고체물리, 원자물리, 광학, 전산물리 등
여러 분야의 첨단 과학기술 도입• 이론과 실험의 긴밀한 공동연구- 별들의 진화과정- 핵자의 스핀구조, 핵자 내부의 동역학적 자유도
• 다방면에 핵심적이고 기반적으로 응용- 에너지, 환경, 의료진단, 스핀트로닉스……