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ELECTRIC ENERGYGENERATION, UTILISATION &

CONSERVATION

SUBJECT CODE : EE2451

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UNIT- I

GENERATION

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CONVENTIONAL METHODS

Classifications:

a) Hydro electric power stationb) Steam power station

c) Nuclear power station

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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

PLANT

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Parts of Hydro electric power station:

Reservoir Dam

Surge tank

Valve house Penstock

Turbine

Draft tube Power house

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Advantages:

Water is the cheapest and reliablesource

No fuel transportation problem

Maintenance cost is low

Running cost is low

Life of this plant is more

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Disadvantages: Long time for erection

Capital cost of the plant is high

Cost of transmission lines and losses

will be more

Depends on rain fall

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STEAM POWER PLANT

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Advantages:

Fuel is the cheapest source

Capital cost is low Cost of transmission lines and losses

will be low

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Disadvantages:

Maintenance cost of the plant is high

Running cost is high

Ash handling is difficult

Air is polluted

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Nuclear Power plant

Energy released from the continuous

nuclear fission

Neutron from U-235 strikes another

nucleus and causes to fission.

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EE1451 U.T.TAMIL ARASI,LECT

Main components:

Fuel : pellets ofuranium - rods

Reactor core : no. of fuel rods

Moderator : to moderate the

neutron velocity

(graphite, heavyand light water)

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Coolant : to transfer heat

(water, liquid

metals)

Control rods : Neutron absorber

(cadmium, boron &

hafnium)

Pressure vessel : to maintain

constant pressure.

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PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR

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REACTOR

PRESSURIZED WATER

REACTOR

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BOILING WATER REACTOR

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Advantages:

Amount of fuel required is very small

No fuel transportation problem

Less space is required Located at load centre

Most economical

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Disadvantages:

Long time for erection

Capital cost and maintenance cost

of the plant are high

By products are radio active and

cause pollution

Fuel is expensive

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TIDAL POWER PLANT

It is a rise and fall of water level of

sea

Due to the action of sun and moon on

the earth water.

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Classifications:

Single basin arrangement.

Double basin arrangement.

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General scheme of tidal power plant

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Main components:

a) Power house

b) Dam to form basin

c) Sluice gates

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Operation of single basin arrangement

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Sluice gates open, Turbines shut off

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Sluice gates shut, Turbine operation

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EE1451 U.T.TAMIL ARASI,LECT

Advantages:

a) Renewable source of energy

b) Non pollutingc) No transportation problem

d) Cheaper

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Disadvantages:

a) Tidal energy is fluctuating in nature

b) Noisy in operationc) Over all weight is very high

d) Not reliable

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MAGNETO HYDRO DYNAMIC

GENERATION

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Components:

a) Combustor

b) MHD generator

c) Air pre heater

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a) Purifier

b) Inverter

c) Seed recovery

d) Stack

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ADVANTAGES

Conversion efficiency is around 50%

Capital cost is less

Over all generation is less No moving parts

Closed cycle system produces

power, free of pollution

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The heat energy of interior of earth.

Classifications:

Direct or dry steam PP

Flash steam

Binary fluid

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT

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Components:

a) Hot brine

b) Turbine

c) Condenser

d) Heat exchanger

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FLASH STEAM POWER PLANT

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BINARY CYCLE POWER PLANT

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Advantages:

Versatile in use

Cheaper

Highest annual load factor

Pollution less

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Disadvantages:

Efficiency is low Noisy drilling operation

Need large area

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SOLAR POWER PLANT

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Sub systems

Solar energy collection system

Thermal energy transfer system

Thermal energy storage system

Energy conversion system

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PARABOLIC THROUGH SYSTEM

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Advantages:

It is free of pollution

Requires little maintenance economical

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Disadvantages:Available only by day not when sun

is cloudy

Not reliable Located at high attitudes

Initial cost is high.

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DISTRIBUTED GENERATION

The integrated use of small generation

units directly connected to the system

They operate on a renewable fuel such as

sun light, wind, gas and biomass

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Example of technologies used :

Micro turbines

Fuel cells

Photovoltaic cell

Internal combustion engines

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THANK YOU