edward holweg director, product and systems development · co 2 reductions in automotive edward...

CO2 Reductions in Automotive

Edward Holweg

Director, Product and Systems Development

SKF Capital Market Day 2009

19 May 2009 © SKF Group

Automotive trends in fuel economy and CO2 reduction

Reducing green house gas emissions

Source: Ricardo plc


Legislation developments regarding CO2

Road transport contributes to 20% of CO2 emissions in Europe

Car ownership is still growing• Emerging markets, e.g.: India (One Lakh car) and China

Legislation to counter this development• EU has announced regulations for lower CO2 emissions (EU target 130 gr/km

CO2/car in 2012-2015). Target of 95 gr/km CO2 set for 2020

• US 35 mpg by 2009

• Japan has fuel economy targets set for 2010.


Tough financial punishments for 5g deficit

Proposed 2015 Fine Level Effect (95 euro/gram) Based on 2014 Sales Forecast


Euro

s (M

illio

ns)

EU OEM Analysis: technology penetration (1/2)


Diesel

GDI

Hybrid

Gas-Turbo

CVT

DCTA6+

VVT

E85

Stop-Start

Where is the Technology Focus?

-0.06%

4.9%

46.6%

20.1%

14.6%

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.011.012.0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Uni

ts (M

illio

ns)

EU OEM Analysis: technology penetration (2/2)

Key points:• Diesel vehicle production in Europe begins expected slowdown;

peaked at 10.4 million vehicles in 2007

• 9.0 million Stop-Start vehicles expected to be produced in 2014 – a minimum expectation

• Downsized engines move from 1.5 million today to at least 4.0 million with sub 1.0L category growing by 65% CAGR (from 34,000 to 1.1M units)

• Dual clutch vehicles expected to post volume of 2.1 million units by 2014

Source: csm worldwide



SKF Automotive product portfolio

SKF Automotive product portfolio

X

X

X X

XXFrictionReduction

WeightReduction

Hybridization

DrivelineWheel-Ends Engine


SKF Vehicle Environmental Performance Tool

Friction Reduction

Weight Reduction

Hybridization

Wheel ends Driveline Engine



Friction reduction

Driveline – reducing CO2 emissions


Up to 8 grams of CO2 saved per kilometer

0.5-1.2 grams 2-3 grams 3-4 grams

SKF EnergyEfficientTapered Roller Bearing

Drivelineangularcontact ball bearing

Ball pinionunit

SKF Hybrid Pinion Unit

Low frictionpinion unit

Manual transmission Power-take off unit Final drive

Note: CO2 reduction estimates based on the normal European driving cycle (NEDC)

Car Engine – reducing CO2 emissions

Split cylindrical roller bearings• Main crankshaft bearings• Conrod bearing

Technical Challenge• Very high loaded application• Split bearing technology

Main bearings

Conrod bearings


Wheel ends – reducing CO2 emissions

From R-Safe seal to high performance seal• The total seal friction reduced by 25%

(compared to R-Safe seal).

• This will allow for a 5% reduction of total bearing friction (for a given bearing type and compared to usage of R-Safe seals).

• More friction reduction by optimizing ball set.



Weight reduction

Weight reduction roadmap

Step-wise approach1. Elimination of interfaces with HBU (e.g., bolting)

2. Make use of low weight materials in hub arrangement

3. Integrate corner components with hub

Low weight material technologies• Light alloy

• Metal matrix hub

• Metal engineered polymer laminate

• Alumna and ceramics technology

Reduction of 1-3% of CO2

• Reference: cast iron knuckle, SKF HBU-1 and steel hub

• Potential to save up to 50% of total vehicle corner


Weight saving and CO2 reduction

The impact of weight saving on fuel consumption and CO2 reduction ranges from 2% to 6% for each saved 100 kg.

Benchmark: 100 kg mass saving results in around 3 gr/km CO2reduction for a 1,400 kg car in the MVEG cycle


SKF HUB Knuckle Module – key benefits

Fuel & CO2 Weight reduction with aluminum knuckle up to 3 kg per axle

Comfort Elimination of clicking noise

Performance Improved bearing lifeCost Reduced versus

flanged bearing unit NVH reduction Reduce brake wear

and increased stiffness

Safety Improved ABS signal accuracy



Hybrid vehicles

Hybrid vehicle types

160 130

Full HybridElectric Drive

Plug-in Hybrid

Battery ElectricVehicle

Fuel CellVehicle

Micro HybridStart/Stop

Micro/Mild HybridKERS

Mild HybridTorque Assist

Current Industry Fleet Average, 2006Targeted OEM Fleet Average, 2012

CO2 gr/kmCO2 Fleet average (gr/km) 130 CO2 gr/km (2012-2015)



Stop-Start function for micro & mild hybrids

SKF Rotor Positioning Bearing enables Stop-Start function• Cuts CO2 up to 25% in dense urban

traffic

• Enabling Valeo's StARS(Starter Alternator Reversible System)

– Citroën C2/C3, Smart, Mercedes A/B


Key business message

Key business message

• Automotive market is undergoing a rapid change due to EU CO2 regulations.

• This is the fuel for a new wave of technology developments to counter the CO2 emissions.

• SKF is developing solutions in the following areas:– Low friction

– Low weight

– Vehicle electrification and hybridization


edward holweg director, product and systems development · co 2 reductions in automotive edward...

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