Educational Theory and Teaching

Dom BoothRick Tranter

December 2011

SIX CATEGORIES OF INTERVENTION

· Prescriptive - Give advice or instruction—directive· Informative - Explaining and giving information· Confronting - Giving feedback to the registrar on their

behaviour or attitude, in order to help them see what is happening

· Cathartic - Helping the registrar release their emotions

· Catalytic - Encouraging the registrar to explore their own feelings and reason for behaviour

· Supportive - Encouraging the registrar’s self worth by giving approval

Teaching Styles

AuthoritarianSocratic Heuristic

Counselling

Mismatch of teaching style/Learning stage(Grow)

S4: Self-Directed Learner

SevereMismatch

Students resent authoritarian teacher

Mismatch Near Match Match

S3: InvolvedLearner

Mismatch Near Match Match Near Match

S2: InterestedLearner

Near Match Match Near Match Mismatch

S1: Dependent Learner Match Near Match Mismatch

SevereMismatch

Students resent freedom they are not

ready for

T1:AuthorityExpert

T2:Salesperson,Motivator

T3:Facilitator

T4:Delegator

Miller’s pyramid

KnowsKnowledg

eAKT

Shows How

Knows How

Performance

Competence

CSA

CSA

DoesActionWPB

A

Teacher

Learner Environment

Unsupportive Overly critical

Unreasonable expectationsDisinterested

Non challengingFailure to meet learner’s needs

KnowledgeSkills

Attitudes

Work (e.g. workload, unsupportive staff)

Social (e.g. marital, financial)

Personal (e.g. substance abuse, illness)

Training (e.g. unsupportive VTS, lack of guidance)

Where does theproblem lie?

Steinert 2008:BMJ 336, 150-153

Types of Memory (VAK)

Visual; Visual learners find it easier to take in new information through pictures,

diagrams, charts, films, etc.Auditory; Verbal learners find it easier to take in new

information through the spokenword

Kinaesthetic; Kinaesthetic learners find it easier to take in new information through

copying demonstrations and getting physically involved

Paralinguistics

To see how paralinguistic features work, try saying this sentence,

‘She says she’s been inagony for three hours’ in four different ways:

As a straight statementAs a question

Indicating that you don’t believe herIndicating that you are shocked that this has been

allowed to happen

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

SCHON'S THEORY OF REFLECTION

Knowing in actionReflection in actionReflection on action

Schon. ‘The Reflective Practitioner’

The Johari Window

The old feedback sandwich

PraiseCriticismPraise

The new feedback sandwich

Ask

Tell

Ask

Providing Challenge

Challenge v SupportOptimal Growth

Vroom’s Expectancy theory

AAP Theory

McLelland and Winteer 1969

AchievementAffiliation

Power