" ED 113'391:

AUTHORTITZE

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. DPCITENT RESUME

Johnson, .Lary;; Faunce, R.W.. , ,

Mi neapolis Secondaiy School Students' AttitudesTo ard School by Achievement,, Race, and'Sex:

INSTITUTION! Mi eapolis Public Schools, Minn. Dept.,of Researbhand Evaluation.

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,C-72-61Apr 73. _

\'53p.; For related decument, see ED 084 303

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EDRS PRICE MF-$0:76 HC-$3.32 Plus PostageDESC.. RIPTORS. *Achievement; Comparative Analysis; Ethnic:Gkeups;

High School StUdents; Junior High .School Students;Questidnnaires; *Racial Differencesp *School.Attitudes;- ;Secondary Education; *Secondary School' '

YStudents; *Se DifSeences;'*,Student'Attitudes;

I , Student Opinion; Test Results'?

IDENTIFIERS Minneapolis' Public Schoolth; Minnesota, (Minneapolis);. Student Opinion Questionnaire

.

ABSTRACT ,

,

In May 1972 Minneapolis public school students4in.*grades 7-12%iere given the' 93 -item 'Student `Opinion IpiestiOnnaire,

'.(SOQ), an inventory that measures,student,attitudes 411 several .

school-related 4reas^.',This reportidescfibesjuldprand senior high

' student responses. by achievement in school, racial/ethnic backgreund.and sex. Students who identified themselves as hiqhfacademic .

achrever had substantiallymore positive attitud toward manyaspects;of school than did students Who saw themselves as low 7

.achievers. Black students at the junior high level expressed morefaverahle attitudes toward school than did white,and Indian students.A greater percentage of blacks than whites and Indians said they . .'

liked schoOl, that the curriculum was'relevant, and that they were c, , i

invented in debision making. At the senior high level these ,,,,

diffxpend,Os'bettken-racial-ethnic groups were net as pronounce .Sen'or,high black were net\.as positive as junior high blacks, whilesenior high Indians were more positive than junior high Indians. Fewsubstantial differences be't'ween females and maleecccurred. Males had'.less positive,attittdes:than.did.femalesen the items related to'unfaiR RunidShment and racial attitudes: Finales expressed greater .

anxit about speaking ,in trent of th class, and teed to have morepositive attitudes than males toward cheol in 'general and thepresence of'positiveaeinforcement. (A tho /DEP)

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REPORT NOPUB DATE-NOTE

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Minneapolis Pdblic Schdols

U.S. OEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,SOUCATION & WELFARENATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

EDUCATIONTHIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW DR OPINIONSSTATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY REORESENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFEDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY.

Minneapolis Secondary School Students'AttitudeirTbward School by 6Achievement, Race, and Sex

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Lary Johnson, Research Associate.

and/

R. W. Fatince, DireCtOr'of Research

Naas expressed,in this report do not necessarily

reflect the official positibn of thellinneapplisPublic School Administration nor the Minneapolis'

School Board.

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D.. _,..../ .

eResearch and 'Evaluation DepartmentJ EdUcational,Services,Division .

C-72-61 807 N. E. Broadway, ..:

V-° , :April 1973 , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55413

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BOARD OF EDUCATION

W. Harry Davis, Chai anFrank E. Alarm Mrs, Marilyn A. Borea Philip A. Olson'Richard F. Allen Tohn M. Mason 'David W,Preus

Superintendent of SchoolsJohn B. Davis, Jr.

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MINNEAPOLIS PUBLIC SCHOOLSSpecial School District No. 1

Minneapolis, Minnesota. 55413

I An Equal Opportunity Employer

4,

Ideas expressed in this report do not necessarily reflectthe official position of the Minneapolis Public School '

Administration nor the MinheapVlis School Board.

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ISCPublicatla

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Minneapolis Public Schools

Minneapolis Secondary School Students' Attituded Toward.SclooX by..Achievement, Race, and Sex

Summary

In May 1972 Minpeapolis Public school students in grades7-12 were given the 93-item Student Opinion Questionnaire (S0Q),,.an inventory that`measures student attitudes in several school -

related areas: Liking of School, Interest in LearrninUnfairPunishment, Se lf-t

See p. 1,

Involvement in Decision Making, Class Discussions, Positive,Reinforcement, Curriculum Relevance, Fear of Asking Questions,.Perception of Progress ,in Learning; Racial Attitudes, and

-.4 Attitudes Toward Teachers. In a previous paper the resultswere reported by grade andby individual school. This reportdescribes junior and senior high student responses by achieve-ment in school, 'racial/ethnic background, and sex.

Students who identified themselves as ,high academicachievers had substantially more positive attitudes toward.

See pp. 3-5many aspects of school than -did students who saw themselves

as,low achievers. This below average group, Which comprised

about 5-6% of he respondents, expressed some very negativeattitudes toward school. For example, at- seaior high, 72%

of the e4cellent achieverd 69% of the above average achievers

51% of the average achievers, and 26%,, of the below average,

achievers said they liked school.4

Black students at the junior high ,level expressed' more&favorable attitudes toward school than did/white and Indianstudents. A greater percentage of Ii.acks than whites and

Indians said thity liked school, that the Curriculuia was reler

want, and that they were involved in-decision making. At thesenio,r high level these differences between racial-ethnic

groups were not as pronounced. Senior high Blacks were not .aspositive 'ad junior high Blacks, while senior high Indians were

more positive than junior high Indians.

Few substantial differences, between females 'and. males

occurred.. Males had less positive attituded than did females

on the items related to tuyeair punishment, and 'racial attitudes.

Females expressed greater anxiety about speaking in front of

the class, arid tended to have mbre, positive attitudes than

males toward school in general and the,' presence of-positive

reinforcement.*,* *

April 1973

ii

See pp'..6-10

See pp. 10-1?

Research and Evaluation Departme,

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Table of Contents

Page

Introduction . 1

/Responses by Achievement Levees . 3

t Summary by Achievement Level 6

Responses by Race 6

Summary by Rage 11

Responses by Sex4 o

11

. -Summary by Sex 13

Discussion 14

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Listing of Tables

Table No. , -Page

. 1 Number of Studentillho Indicated,Sex,Race, and Achievement Level. 4

2, SOQ Item Percentagesby Student's'Perceived Achievement Level and by'Junior-Senior High . . . . . ..

3 SOQ Item Percentages by Rabe and

By Junior-Senior High''

SOQ Item Pe ntages by Sex and'

By Junior-Senior High

N.

SO4 Item Percentages by Race and.Junior High Grade

6 SOQ Item Percentages by Race and

'Senior High Grade

'29

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iv

11

31+

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Minneapolis ,Public Schools. ,

Minneapolis Secondary School; Students' Attitudes. Toward

.Schobl by AchieVement, Race; and Sex

In May 1972 all secondary student's attending the Minneapolis Paige

Schools were given the Student Opinion Questionnaire (8o9)., a-93-item

:,.

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inventory that measures student, attitudes in several school-related areas.

The following statistical factors, or clusters of items that meastre the1r g

same attitudes, haVe-beeriidentified: biking of School, Interest in

,Learding, Unfair Punishment, Self-Concept as a Learner, Friendly Atmosphere,-

, .

InvolVement in Decision Making, Class Discussions,, Positive Reinfbrcethent

Curriculum Relevamcq, Fear of Asking Questions, and Perception of Progressbin Learning. The oueitionnaire also has two less clearly ,identified factors

(X and Y), eight items re d to, racial attitudes, and ten items of individual

interest.1-)

In a previous report the results were repOited by grade and by

individual ddhooI.1 The main purpose'of that report was to provide the

dt ffs at each School with information that would be useful for staff

development and program planning.

.This report describes junior, and senior high student responses to

the Sniccvding to the students'sex, race, and perception of theirt

achievement in school., the students were asked to indicate their sex,

theirrace (white, Black, Indian, SpaniA-surnamed, or other), and to

mark-one of five *choices that best described the grades they ustially

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'received (ekcellent; aboVe averagelk average, below average, and very low).

SinceverY' fel./ students said their academic achidvement *as very low,. thet---N. -

below average and very low achikr=nt categoriesiwere combined to form

the "below average' group used`' in thisrsport. Although some students

probably made inaccurate estimates of their achievement level,.the sample,

of students was large enough to:permit.the asdumption'that,the exca ]lent. .

group was higher than the average, and the average was higher than, the

below avenge. IT.)

Onlystudentd who indicated titt they were white, Black, or IndianWere.

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1Johnson, Lary and Faunce, R. W. "Minneapolis Junior and Senior High,School-

Students' Attitudes Toward SchoolMay 1972." ,Minneapolis Public Schools,

November 1972.o ,

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Included in the analysis by race. The number of studentp fromlother

racial categories was so small -that meAningful.anaIyses coulcrnot be 'thade.'

Table 1 gives .the numbers of students who indict 'ted their sex,

and achievement level. The numbers vary because all students did not_

answer all the identifying questions.

. )

.Table I

Number of ,Students Who Indicated SeX, Race, and'AchieveMent IJeArel

a-

Sex .

Male

Female

Race.

104hite'

Black

Indian

Achievement

(4,

Junior High ,Senior High°N N

'

40614,

4 826

9,440-

5,755

5,650

11,405

0

8,039

.446

___22

8,58o

Excelle 1,136 1,051 .

',

Above Avektie '4,221 -3',896,

Aierrage 4* 5,131 3,902

Below Aver'age -4

. / 675 420-

11,063 9,269

" The students who indiCated.theirachieVement and sex repre;ent about

80-85% of the.junior high and 70-75% of the, senior high students enrolled

in the2MinneaPolis Public Schools. A somewhat smaller .percentage indicated

.their,race. It is not possible to determine the percentage of Black and

-Indian studeht populations who indicated their race: Based on racial/ethnic

_sight count data collectOd b7 theMinne&polis SchoOls' Information Services..,

Center in October :1971, about'half of the Black students and less than half

of the Indian studen.40 idep&ifiedthemselVes by race. However, the number.--"t9

of students in each racial/ethnic group on the ebipdi rolls and attending

.,---

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school at the time the questiOnnair0 was admini tered (May 1972) was not

shown. 7

" The S

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response format required the students to express their opinion

:chant each of-the 93 itemA by marking one of four choices: strongly agree, ,

agree, diSagree,:and Atrongly disagree.

Redponses by, Achievement Level

,

_

A substantial direct rela onship, between achieklehent level and , ,

favorablp school- related attitudes occurred on nearly all of the SOQ items.

The excellent achieve5ent group had more positive attitudes than the above

average group, the above average group was more positive than the average

group, and the average groUp was Bice positive than the below average

group. Although the direction of the relationship is not surprising, the

magnitUde of the differences between achievement groups may be greater

than many people would expect.A

Student responses to representative items from several 'factors will

be didcussed in the narrative of this report. Responses to all items are4

given in:I:able 2 ,on page 18 for junior and senior high students, The

numbers' for each item indicate "the percentage of students in each group who

agreed with the item statement (sum,of the-percentages of strongly agree

and agree responses).

Liking of School'

The differences' between achieveiment groups at both junior and genior

high on-general attitudes toward school were substantial. At senior high,

640 of the'excellent group said schoolwork is interesting, compared with 54%.r.?o the above average group, 38% ofthe average group, and 19% of the below

average group.

Schoolwork is interesting

I like school

Jr. High'

Sr. High

Jr. High.

Sr. High

Excellent

AboveAverage,

61%

54

66

69

AverageBelow'

Average

69%

64)

7-5

72'

47%

38

1+9

51-

330

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,; 30

26

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In rest in Learning

-Although thedowerachievement groups id not_indicdte favorable' -.

general attitudei to4grd school; they did. , .

ress an interest n.learning.

Also, the differences betweep.achievennent oups were not as great "on

the interest-in-learningsfactore,tor example, 78% of the jkinior high.

below average group said they enjoy learning new things, compared with 88%.

of the average, 94% of the above average, and :95% of the excellent groups.

I.exijoy learning new things

I really don't care whetherI learn anyt ing or not

Excelibut

AboveAverage Average

Below.Average

pjr: High 95% 94% 88% 2 78% .

Sr. High : 97 97 . .93 - 80

Jr. High 4 4 10 24

Sr.' High 5 41 'A10 26

Self-Concept as a Learner

Low Achievers view themselves, as unsircessfuf students tp who * leaKning

does not come easy. Eighty-three,p rdent the below average grOu *at'

junior and senior highs said they not very\good in school work, compar'e'd

with about 45% of the.average, about 10% of the above average, and of the

excellent groups.

Excellent

f am hot very good in school Jr. Nighwork Sr .# High 4 4 8 '45 83

Iearhing things in school' Jr. HIgh 89. 73 38 20

comes easy to me, Sr. High 91 ,,73 , * 40 , 19

Above 'Below

o t

Average Average' Average

1a 47% 83%

Involvement in,Deosion Makin

.Although albut half of the students in each achievement group agreed

that many times'stude ts, in general; are, given a chance to decide what the

class .doe-s, a much gred.er percentage Of high achievers than low achievers-

said sometimes they, personally, help decide what their clas's_does.

"cs

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Above BelowExcellent Average Average Average

; Many times` tuctents are Jr. High .52% 51% ' 53. ,44%

given-a nce to de- $ :

cide w .1Sr.doesthe class oes r; gh 45 )48 50 44r

.,

Stiketime I help ,decide .Jr. High 9 48 37 . 30ur class does , ,p

Sr. High 58 51, 38 ' -22*hat

Curric um Relevance

ubstantial differences between achievement groups also occurred

on t e-curriculum relevance factor. About 20-30% more,high achievers.-

than low achievers felt school work was relevant. A greater percentageor

of junior high than senior high students felt their 'schobl's curriculum.

.wa./ s relevant.Above ,

..-Below

Expellent Average Average' Average

School doesn't teach -the Jr. High 37% 43% 52% 65%, .

moreAmportant thingsin life

: Most school work will beJ.,

useful to me when I getout of school

Sr. High 51 54 , 82

0

Jr. High 72 71 63 53,

Sr. high 51 50 .47

'Factor Y (Attitudes Toward Teachers)rex

33

Factor Y, which had not previously been labeled, appears to have

,something to,do with student attitudes, toward teachers.. -Students who

'Thdidated high achievement had more positive attitudeg than did lzw

achievers. Eighty-three percent of excellent achievers.at junior high said

they like most of their teachers, compare with 80% of(the.abOve average,

690 of the average, and 53% of the below average achievers.

-Above 6 BelowExcellent Average Average Average

Most of my teachers seem Jr. High 89%; 85% 45%

to like me Sr. High 93- 92 79 56

Teachers in this school Jr. High 16, 18 - 29 38

do a poor jobSr. High 27 24 26

I like most of my teachers Jr. High

Sr. High,

)5

12

45

83 8o 69 53

85 84 74*- 59

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Racial Attitude_

.Altifclugh there were:differences among the foizr.accrhievement groups .

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on,radial attitudes, the differences were not as great as on most item:

in other factors. The differencesvbetWeen acKeveme* groups on racial. '

.'

attitudes were greater at,sen or high than junior high.

,,-

B,

Above, :' BelowExcellent Average wlszt &tam

would like to have. more Jr. High 735 73% 70% k ° 67%

'friends of other races,Sr. High .- 74 70 62 57

I consider getting to know Jr. High 61students, of other races,as part og my education. Sr. High )-67,

.0.I think it is a good idee::.0. Jr. High 73

to have students of dif-TSr. High 84

ferent races go to the

same school.

Suminary ,

Students who perceived themselves.as 'high academic at vers had

substantially more positive attitudes toward many aspects gr,school than.

.

. ,

did, students who perceived themselves4as low achievers. achievers,0

those who, .indicated thattheir Brides were excellerit or a verage*,

expressed favorable attitudes in most areas. About two-thikAs of the high-0

k,.

,.

achievers Said they like school,"almost all said they enjoYllearning new

'. things less'than 10% said they are not very good in school work, more,

than 80% said they like most of their teachers, and three -, ourthd Wink'

'

it isa good idea to. have students of different races go to1 the satheschool.

44 Studenti who described their grades as average or bel4w average4

,.

'expressed less favorable attitudes, 'particularly on ieemi regarding. .

,, , u

general V.king of school,'.self -concept as a learner, curriaUlum relevance,1,1

and attitudes toward teachers. The below, average group, which comprised

about' 5 -6%o of tye respondents at both junior and senior'high, expressed

some very negative attitudes toward school. co'

Responses by ,Race

Some differences amo ,Black', Indian', and*white .students, occurred

on most of the fatt-ora at oth;luniOr -and senior high. Items representing

the More substantial differences Will be'discussed in the narrative.,

.Responses to all items by racial/ethnic group,

and by junior- senior high

are given 'in Tahle-3.8n imgb-24..

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13

A

The readcr should be awatethat any comparisons be

groups, particularly between Blackand-w hite and between

may be confounded by differences between the schOol enviro

ween racial/ethnic

dian and white,

nts of Black,

Indian, and white students. Most of the Black,p.nd Indian respondents

-attende4 inner7city schools, while the large majority of white students

. in the sample attended predominantly white schools. Substantial diffelrces

between the school.Settings,May exist. As examples, the instructional

mthodi cbrticulum?staff chaiActerigtics; and.school rules within

prehomiirantly white schools may be quite different from tl;te inner-city

. schools. -Theseaschool differences may be respOnsibld for an indeterminate

.portion of: the differences-that occurred "among the racial/ethnicgioups0.

on the SOOtitems.

Liking of School.

At the junic*.high ldvel, Black Students expressed more favorable

general attitudes-toward_ichool thin did white and Indiarkstudentsv while.

-whites were more positive than Indians.' At senior,high., the differenpes

among the.three groups were not substantial. Compared with their corresponding

racial/ethnic group at ,junior high, .the senior .high Blacks had less' favorable

attitudes, the senior high IndianS were more favdrable, and the whites had

similar attitudes.

Schoolwork is interesting

ISlike; school

I don't like school,work

White. Black Indian

Jr. High 53% 65% 47%

Sr. High 46 54 , 1.9

Jr. High 56 '62 47

Sr, High 59 57 60

Jr. High 56.

35 '58

Sr. High 61 47_ 53'

7 /

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°Interest in Learnffig. . .

.

- .

Although all three racial /ethnic groups. indicated an interest ina J

learning, Indian students were not as pOsitive as Black'andr whites. ' .

Q. 7 f ..

,

.-.k *. ...,.. Wilte Black ° Indian

,,

Tajselearning new-things Jr. high 90% 94i/0 : 81%... '

Sr. H$gI 'N .950 ?,6 88_ .

4 :

I'don t care if Ij.earn Jr. High 17 ' 16

,,anythind I just want to, I .

pass /fi'le. Higlii 17, - ,17 25

b A (.., -

;Self/ z

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-0oncept as a Learner'V,

There was lithe difference between B*Oiand white siudents,at

both the, junior and senior highldvelS on the selfu-cbncept items. However,:0',

junior high Indian students saw themselves as less successful students

than did iilacks and Whites and as having greater difficulty learning

,things in school. At senior high thbe differehces were not as grey -t.

Whi e Black "Illirdlian

1

I am not very good at ;Jr. High' \ 3 2 51%

1 school work Sr. h 26 27 0 34

I see myself as a sucess- Jr. High --, 111* 76 s461.

full student .

Sr. High ., -74 76 64

Learning things in school 3.1- P High 55 57 .41

comes easy to meSr. High 58 58 587

P\'.k

erception of Progress in Leeening

Associated with tieir low self-concepts as learners, junio high

Indian students did not feel they are learning as.Much in schools.

did white and Black students. These differences did not occur in senior high.

a. White " Black Indian

, I don't think I an learning Jr. High 27% 30%,

much in school Sr. High 38 1'l39 40

I think I am learning a Jr% }L 4ei. 63 67 53 .\

lot in*hool Sr. High 47 ' 51 , 45

8

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6 Involvement in*BT43/on Malim -Y .. .

AC the. junior high level 'a geater'peVentage -of Blacks than whites

and Indians.indicatbd that students 4.re )5i.veil a chance to help makeA ,

vdecisions in, their classes and ghat they, psrsonally, help make dedisions..

-At lor high the differences were not as pronounced./

White- Indian

Jr. High 49%t ,

55%

Sr. High 47 58 ,---, 56

Jr. Highp .

4/5* 51' . -.35

Sr. High "41 46 . 39

Nary times students aregiven a 'chance to decidewhat'thb class does

I0 help to make decisions-inmy classes .

GI i . o.%

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.Fear of Asking Questions A p°

, Ift4kT stud ,ents at junior andsenior high levels\expresped a greater

concern or anxifity about asking for help and participating in discussions

than dif white and BlackfLptudents. ' i7'' i

"

White -Blac--k----.....- ----1-

Indian..

I have a difficult time 4speaking up in front of

g the glassleli

''PL

. I am usually 4fraid toask questions}

'.-

.

.r enjoy being in class

.'discussions (class dis-cussion factor)

.Positive Reinforcement

..,

Jr. High 52% 44% 5NSr. High 51 42 67

Jr. High 2-8. 40.11t 39

Sr. High .29 23 350

Jr. High 63 67 46

Sr. High 62 68 48 .

greater percentage of Black and Indian than white students indicated

they received praitefor their work in both junior and senior high schools.

I am praised when I dogood work

My teachers praise me whenI complete my work:

p

Jr. High

Sr. High

Jr.,High -

Sr. High

9

16

White Black -Indian

51% 64% 62%

48 53 64

.25 41 40

21 31 36

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Curriculum RelyMore Black than white and.Indian.students particularily at jurniort.

high, indicated that their education, would be useful to them it the future.

Jadte Black Indiano

I think T am learning d lotJr . High 65% 75% 60%

of things will helpme.earn a living when I Sr. High 50. f 59 .58

get older

°

Most school wort will be' Jr. Highuseful: to me when I/get.

r. Highaut.of school

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Racial Attitudes,8 -.

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Among the; three radial/ethic groups studied, Indiahrstudents-expressed

the /most 95-Sitive racial4Ittitudes., while white students were least positive.

67 '75 63

47 ,..59

m.

White Black

I consider getting to know Jr'J . High/ ', 585'

students of other races%,

Indian

65% * '76%

65 74as part of my education

Sr. Hig)! 56

4 '

rwish there were more Jr. High 47 56: 70%students of other races'in this school

, Sr. High -43 56, 63 ,

I'think it is e: gOod'ideto have students of

Jr. High 65 78''_ 82\)

different races go to Sr. High' 71 85 87'

-ehe same school

J

Race by Grade

Differe ces also occurred hetween each grade level within the pree

%.raciWethni grotipso These grdde level differences. were most pronounced

f 'br Indian students. School-related attitudes of-Indians tended to become

less favorable from grade seven'to eight to nine and more favorable from

grade nine to ten to eleven to twelve. FOur items from'various factorsft

illustrate these grade.level differences for Indian students..,

)

Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr dr

. ..../ 8 . 2 .......lo...._11' 12

. I like school . 55%. 47% % 36% 144% 66% 83

I don't care if I learn .they hingOr not, I just want to pas 36

I am not very .,good in school work : 46

I at praised when I do good worn 67.4.

10 17

29 46 34

50 58 46

67 49 50

26,

28 20

72 7

Responses bytgrade 1vel within. racial/ethnic groups for all 93 items

can be found. for the juniorhighin ble 5 on page 34 and the senior high_O

in Table 6 on page 4o.

Stimary ty,

1

,Black students at the junior high level expresdetmore favorable

attitudes toward school than did white and Indian students. A greater'-

'percentage of Blacks, than white,s and Indians said that they liked sbhool,

that the.curriculvm was relevant, and that they were involved in some

decision. making.. At the senkoi: high level these differenaes between racial/

ethnic groups were not as pronczudoed.. Senior high kacIfs Were n ot as

positive as junior.high Blacs,wile senior hijh Indians were more xositive

than junior high Indians. Compared with wbite dnd Black stgdenti,7

had poorer self-concepts as learners, eupressed a greater anxiety about

participating in class, but pad more 'positive racial attitudes..

Responsds by'SeX

D

Mile and female students at junior and senior high *levels expresbed

'attitudes on most of the-factOrs bf the SOQ. or,no

differences between males "and females occurr- ed on Interest in LeatAing,

Self-Concept as a Learner, Friendly Atmosphere, Involvement in Decision

Making, Class Discbssions, Curriculum Relevance, Perception of Progress'

in Learning, and Attitudes Toward Teachers. Some differences occurred0-,

'op Liking of School, Positive Reinforcement; and Pear of Asking Questions.

Substantial difference, occurred on Unfair Punishment and Racial AttitUdes.

Responses by sex to all items can be folind in Table 4 on page 29 for junior

and senior ,high students. s.

',

Liking of School

Although a greater percentage Of females than males tended to have

more favorable general attitudes toward school, the differences between

the sexes were relatively small.

4.

Schoolwork is inter6'stingP

Ilike school

.:ifthink'school 5.8 fun

I don't like schcril fork

Positive:Reinforceant:

Junior High Senior High

Male Female sFenla

52% 5l 44% 4

51' 62. 5§.. 64

43' .53 45 ,.256 63 57

:iOh.most items related to reinforcement, males Inc. females responded'

similarly. H ver, a greater _percentage of males then females said

they are always told about their bad'work'and not their good

Junior ;Hig k) Senior Higho0

Male' Female Male 1:emale.

I am praised T do good Workk '52% 051%. .y55,tr

I am always told about my,bad workand not my good work.

Fe :fir of Asking questions / -

50 38 4o-3,7

Pethiles,expresged-a greater reluctance or anxiety than males aboutA

speaking up in plass.

Junior High Senior High

R

I am' afraid that.myteacher.will

Male Female

call on me' 22% 33%,

I have a difficult tike speakingup in frofit of the class

A.448 54

I am usually afraid to ask questions 24 32

Unfair Punishment

Male Female

214 31%

4.7 54

26 31

percentage. fed, punishment

within the school ietting was not fair ,to them. F example, 47% of the

A greater of males than females that

junior high males, compared with 33% of 'the junior high females, indicated

they have often been punished without cause. The sane sex differences9

occurred at senior high, although substantially fewqr senior than junior'

d. high students indicated that punishment.in the school was unfair.

rt

19

I have often been pinished herewithout cause '

, I have been punished in4

front of

. others in thisfichool

I

Racial Attitudes

Junior High Senior HighMale Female Male -Female

47%

51

33%

39

- 24%

34

1Tio

26

The greatest and most consistent sex differences occurred on theA

racial attitude items. FemaleZ at both junior' and senior high had more

positive racial attitudes than did the males. For example, 62% of the

senior high males and 81% of the senior high females thoUght it was a

good idea to have students of different races go to the same school.

I would like_to.have more friends of

'other races..

The.presence of different raceS,in,the same, school hinders learning 30

I consider getting to ow students

of other wacekas,p t of my ,

education. . . ,

I think it is a good idea to havestudents of different races go

to the mime school 58 76 62

_Junior High Senior High

Male Female Male Female

63% 9% .56% 76%

24

66 47 .664

J

Summary

Few substantial differences between sexes oecurred on*the StudentI

Opinion Questionnaire. Males definitely had less', positive attitudes than

females -on the racial items. Males also had less favorable attitudes

on items relatedto fairness of punishment. Although differences were note

great, females tended to have more positive attitudes than males toward' .

school in general and about the amount of positive reinforcement received.

Females expressed greater,fear about speaking up in front of the class.

13

20

o

1

4-)

0

Discussion

Y.

'The resultS prese ted in 'this r rt are based on about 80 --85%

of tbe 4unior-high stud ntt and about % of The senior high students in

the Minneapolis Public Sc bolt. '',,Twenty percent of the secondary school

student population were not,included because ,of absenteeism, invali

questionnaires, or incomplete surveying by individba4scbools. Not

information is available that would .identify the composition of the ,

nonrespondents. Probably the 'safest assumption s that those who did

1 riot respond are more negatively oreinted toward chool than are the

responnipg students. In' other words., the resin in th'is'reportare

probably a maximum estimate of the favorableness of secondarkstthOol

istud4nts2 attitudes toward school.,.

A

- The' repredentati'Venessixrthe data for the Blackand Indian students

is particularlyuncertain.- Tpp racial composition bf the.total student. .

body is based on a sight count made in October 1971. It it estimated that

half of the enrolled Black students and somewhataess than half Of the

enrolled Indian students completed the questionnaire ;and identified their

race Miy.19 . With these cautions in"'mind, thesi-esults provideyome

interesting' material for discussion.

The emphasis on'differencesamorhg various groups destribed in this

report should not obscure basic similakties. Male ar female students

ekpressed generally similar attitudes toward sepOl, as did Black, white,

and Indian students in most instances.. Fewersimilaritiet existed between

students who saw themselVes as successful achievers and those yho.felt they

were poor achievers.

High ac levers had substantiallydmore favorableattitudes toward school

than did l achievers on nearly all aspects related to school.. ,For example,

about two- hinds to three-fourths of the students who saw themselves as

excellent, or above average.achievers said they liked school. oHy con

tug-thirds to three-fourths of the students who saw themselves as below

average achievers did not like schooll.and students who saw themselveg

";.r''

as ave ge achievers were split about evenly between positive and negative

attituc di toward school. The reader should keep in mind that 64 of°

questi nnaire respondents identified theMselves as berm average achievers,

4141s id they were average achievers, and `50% said they were either aboye

1

0

average or.excellent achievers.

Curriculum relevance appears to be an area that deserves attention

by the school administration. The results indicate that-relevanCe is a

problems at alkacademic achievement levels Even the large majority of

Students who perFeive,thegselves as successful do not view the ourkicauh

as'being relevant ta_heir suture lives.. Phis problem increases wip Age.

The Ouiri,culnm seems-more,releVant to junior high stUdents than'it'dOes:to

senior high students. In fact, half .of the above average achievers and:\ 4

four-fifths of:the:belbw average-achievera in' senior, high said school did

notteach the'mOre important things in'life. ),

;Perhaps if the curriculUniwere'more relevadt to the -needs dit the

students, one would not find 46% of the 'average aChieVers and 83%, Oftbe--.

below average achievers saying they are not very good, in school work.

Student attltUdes.taward interest An learning and 'teacher qnality-,

o.

appear to be morepositilie than their attitudes toward curriculum rilevanqe.u

Seventy-eight to ninety -seven percent of the students at all achievementf

621

1_

levels 'indicated they enjoy learning new t ngs. The majority of the

students, rega4dlesi, of achievement leVel, liked most of their teachers,

felt most of their teachers liked them, and did not think teachers d6

a poor' job.

When comparing responses of students with different racial /ethnic

.backgrounds, the typical finding is one.of ALs difference among the

racial groups at the senior high leavel than at the junior high, level.

DO students who give the extreme responses to the Student Opinion

Questionnaire drop out after junior high? Do characteristics present in

the senior high schools1have a leveling effect on attitude differences

among races? These posdibilities may help explain the reduced variation

of response at the high School level.

In:all differences between races, it must be kept in mind that the 1*

school settings attended by the majority of the Black and Indian students

y be substantially different from the school settings attended by the

white students, particularly at the junior high level. For example, a

greater percentage of Black and Indian students than white students reported

they received praise for their work. -Possibly, teachers in schools attended '

4

.9

22

-

by, the majority of the Black and Indian students have been imbUed with

the idea of positive reinforcement through the special training they

haire.had,for'teaChing in lower` income schools. Perhaps teachers give1.

more po itIve'reinforcement to minority students than they do to white

student although this, possibility has not been t sted autby, looking

'at raci 1 group respOnset'Within individual schools. ,

A third.possibility is based upion the concept of relative-deprivation.

-Even th h the:treatment of Black, white, and Indian,students may bethe

same within individual schools and the same between individual schools, k

it,may:be, perceived differently by minority, group Students (within schools)

dr,by students from educationally disadvantaged back'ounds regardless of

race. (6tWeen schools) becauie of the expeiiences. they receive outside

of-school.,4 Thus, 'arcasual comment, ora "pat on the,back" may be per-'ceived as praise by a student who does not often receive such treatment,

fwhereas another student from a More advantaged backgraunq may take less

notice of such reinforcement.).

The interpretation of other results should be approached with similar

caution." More Black and Indian studentsflthan white Students-thought they

were learning\ii lot of things that Mould be useful to them when they got

out of, school. This finding seems to contradict the-argument that inner -'

city echo° do not, have 'but4ic which is relevant tolcinority groupS.

However again, are there diffe ences between minority-group and white

students within the same school? -Are their differences between' schools

in more and less advantaged-neighborhoods? Do minority-group students

have different expectations of curriculum relevance than white students?

Do educationally disadvantaged students, regardless of race, have lower

expectations of curriculum relevance than more advantaged students?

Relatively few Indian students continue their education through high

school. For that reason, the finding that less-than half of the Indian

students report enjoying class discussions is particularly notable. More

than one-third of,the Indiag stughts at the senior high level reported

being afraid to ask questions (cmpared with 23% for Blacks and, 29%a for

whites). more than two out of three Indians at the high school level

16.

23

to

N.

.

report-that they haVe a difficult time speaking-Up in front of the,clas8.

These results.suggest-that Indian students; even at the high school, level,

may have a 'difficult time achievi academiic success because of a continuing

conflict between their cultural val s and the value of the clasdroop

regarding asking questions an&speaking out.4.

Students of all three racial,backgrounds favored hiaving a mixture ,of, -

races attending the same school. :The majority of students from all three

racial groups felt that getting to know students of other races was part

of their education. They see racial mixture as part of their education.*,-

Perhaps it,is surprising that Indian students more than the other two groups

,were in favor of racial integration. Although Indians are an even smaller

minority than Blacks.in- Minneapolis schools, it was the Indian students

who felt, more than the others, that more students of other races ,in their(

. vschool would be beneficial. Almost nine out of ten Indian students at

: ,

the senior high schoo level thought it was a good idia, to have studentsp.

of different,,faces gong to, the same school; .bout seven out of ten white

students agreed with this statement.

Proponents for separate schools for racial minorities will find. little '

support in Atitudes of Back and Indian students in the Minneapolis Public

Schools. It may be argued, of course,'Tthat the s rodents attending public °

schools represent a biased sample of the minoriti s. Those students who

feel that they should attend racially or ethnically separated schools riay

already have dropped out or left to attend such schools that exist.

O

0 '

17

.24

a

Table 2

SOQ Item percentages by Student's Perceived

Achievement Level,and by Junior-Senior High-

Factor afid Iteaa

Factor:

Liking of School

SchOolwork is interesting

I don't like-my classes

I like school

I hate school .

74 find my'teachers to be fun and exciting

I like most of my teachers

NY classes are boring

I think school is fpn

oo

:

I don't like school work

NI like my classes

ta

I don't look forward to going to school

Factor:

Interest in Learning

I really don't care whether I learO.any-

thing or not

I do not like.to stay out of schOol

I enjoy leaining new things

I don't ca v, if,I learn anything, I just

want to paii

When

Igraduate or ledge this school I

want to continue my education

I would like to .quit, school

4

3unior High

Senior High

o

Excelle4

t,1-1136'

Above

Average

,

N=4221

Average

N=5131 -

Below

Average

'T,=675

Excellent

N=1051

Above

Average

N=3896

Average

ta"3902

Below

Average*

W420

'4'69%

e-

61%

47%

337.

647.

547.

.387.

197,

18

22

36

55

22

24 --

35

58-,

75

66

49

.30

72

69

51

26

I22

18,

22 .

39

59

16

.'17

34

61'

46

55

26

37 '

,34

)32

,23

83

80

69'

s.

53

85

84

57 4

.%

59

4-1

47

464

71

50

511

65

a78

"67

55'

43°

28

58

f/-'t551,.

42

23

-38

47

60

72

46.

..,55

66

la

.

L

73

65

'348

33

71

66.

50

-.

29'

35

43.

53

63

38:-.

41

54

74

-

`.4

410

410.

26

63

53

.4!F

58

53

40

25

95

94

88

781-

97

93

80

9D23

.43

6(8

25.

54.

94

90

77

62

92

,85

6136

89

t21

40

88

19

4,

Thi

ne, 2

SPQ

by-

Ach

ieve

men

t (co

nt,in

ited)

' -so

Fact

or a

nd tt

e'm

s.

;7:_

Fact

or:.

:,Unf

air

Puni

shm

ent

., ha

ve o

ften

bee

n/ p

unis

hed:

'her

e w

ithou

t

4.2

-

'om

etim

es I

'bla

med

for

som

eone

els

e's

acti4

ities

,4-

1' h

ave

been

_pu

nish

ed in

fro

nt o

f ot

hei-

Kin

scho

ol.

Irr.

am o

nly

'mid

hed

whe

n.r

eles

er4i

it,-

.

The

teac

hers

ber

et, r

ieve

riye

ll at

rL

hete

ad14

4Fre

, alw

ays

susi

fict

oug4

tof;

ine

.

Fact

or:

Self

-C

once

pt a

s a

'Lea

rner

;-,

V.a

m n

ot v

et-7

,goo

d.,in

Sch

ool W

o'rk

-

I ha

ve th

e.ability' to

lear

n M

c:1s

t..th

ings

_.

..

.

°-I

see

mys

elf

assu

cces

sful

Stu

dent

'L

earn

ing

thin

gs in

43cl

obi

. cot

ter

.eas

y to

nie

The

re a

re a

lot '

of th

ings

1 d

oti't

_un

der-

,-2

.sta

nd ,n

o m

atte

r ho

w h

atd,

I st

udy.

,

Fact

or:'

Frie

ndly

Atm

osph

ere

4

I ha

ve s

ome

good

fri

ends

her

e in

sch

ool'

A lo

t of

stud

ents

" he

re -

aide

stu

ck u

Stud

entS

hir

e ar

s no

t will

ing

toi

Peop

le in

-th

is s

choo

l' tr

y to

mak

e..-

nie

feel

impo

rtan

tM

ost s

tude

nts

in th

is S

choo

l are

fri

endl

y

Fact

or:

Invo

lvem

ent,

in D

ecis

ion

Mak

ing

My

-tea

cher

nev

er a

sks

me

tbhe

lP p

l-an

'wha

t our

cla

ss d

oes'

.1

Juni

or H

igh

Exc

ehen

t, ,

Ab,

Otr

eA

Vdi

age

Ave

r/lit

e

Al'

,331

%45

%.

65,74

.

- 42..

"49-

57.

5Q -

-

24-

. 26

43 .94-

-

64.,

X68

....

.23

28,

32'.

29

Cr

1.44

Seni

briH

igh

Bel

owA

vers

e

56%

Exc

elle

nt

12%

-Abo

ve.

Ave

rage

16%

Ave

rage

26%

78131

4049

61-2

2,-

27.

/33

4173

69,

61

1536

4933

&O

12,

30'

834

845

6897

.87

2295

;88

59,

.

2091

7340

,-

7-9

.54,

'74

-90

93,'

9693

6654

626.

5

1718

24'

3122

6877

-74

6248

5761

Bel

ow,

=A

vera

ge

40%

c.

,

60 ,

47 48 29 56 83 74 19

-..8

6

.73 35 , 66

.

factor and Items

, 7, Table '2

"'

'S0'Q by Achievement (continued)

Excellent

.1 help to make decisions in my classes

63%

Nany times students are given a chance

to decide what the class does

52

Sometimes I help decide what our class does

59'

I am never. involved in making decisions

aboUt my school- or class

29

Factor":

Class Discussions

I enjoy being.in class discussions

78

The lectures.and.class discussions bymy

-teachers are clear and worthwhile

61

I don't Understand.:=y class discussions

8.

I don't find class' 'discussions fun or

exciting

Factoi:. Positive Reinforcement

.

am praised when I do good work

62

0

-I do a Lot of "good work thatgoes unnoticed

40

.I am ,rarely told When I do good work

'36

My teachers praise frie when I complete my

work

33

'i am always told

about my bid- work and

not my good work

'

26

Factor:

Curriculum Relevance

School doesn't teach/ th-i more important

things in life

17

This school teaches me the things I Want

to learn

Junior High

Senioi- High

Ab ve

verage

Average

Below

AveraV

ExPellent

Above

Average

Average

Below

Average

537,_"..

38%

24%

56%

4,8%

33%.

-19%

51

"- 51

'

44

45

'

48

,50

.

'44

48

'37

30,

58

51,

38

22

37

49

31

,51'

69

46

169-

53

39

54

46

35

55

47

40.

29

13

. 27,

-46

,=6

11

25.

44

41

sj62

140

.50

67°

52

.52

41

47

53

48

.

\37

43

45

52

62

.64

33

45

,58-

66

24'a

26

29

21

20

36

52

19

26

42

61

43

52

6$.

`-`%

54/

-63

82

49

38'

30

51

-

P-35

3:8

Table

SOQ by Achievement .(continued

Factor and items

-.,

.

I think-I am learning a lot of things that

will help me ,earn a living when I,get older

My school activities don't help me in any-

thing that I do outside of school

Most school work will be useful to me when

I get out of school

.,.

Factor:

Fear of Asking Questions

t

AA

-

,I am afraid that 'my teacher will'call 'on me

I have a difficult time speaking up in

front of fhb clasi

- I am not afraid to ask for

help when. I

1-1

need it

I am usually afraid .to' ask questions

or

I go to teachers for help when I need °it

Factor: 'Perception of Progiess"in Learning

I think I 'learned more this year

than in

previous-years

I don't think I,am learning much in school

I think I learneci lessthis year

than I

did in pickvious years

I think I am learning a lot in school

Factor

Racial_ Items

I warld `like to have more,frigends. of

other races

-Ti ib presence of different races in the

same 'school hinders learning

'Junior High

,Senior High

Excellent

Above

Average

Average

a,Below

Average

a

Excellent

Above

Average

Average

Below

dive rage

,

70%

69%

63 %'

487.

537.

54%

50%

.30%

21

28

40

56

26

31*

43

,64

72

71

63

53

510

50

47

33

-,13"

23

,46

14

22

<s

35

49

33

45

i59

65

30

.44

60

71

4

81

76

70

61.

81

75

69

55

15

,22

.34

42

t

14

21

36

48

.81

74

67

52

78

68

41

72

'67

60

47

-54-

\52

45

37

17

" 18

33

59

30

30

45

71

ve.

20

31

48

30

33

62

78

72

,,

55

34

62

,\57

.41

41

18 lit

73

73

.70

67

74

70

62

AC)

57

18

.20

, 27

"'

33

12

14

21''

26

1

Table 2

SOQ by Achievement (continued)

Factor-and Items,

I have some friends of other races in-

this school

It is difficult to make friends with

students of other races

I Consider getting to know stmcients of

other races7as paft of my education

I Wish .there were more students

other

races in this school

1 am afraid of students of other races

I think it is a good idea to have students

of different races go to the same school

Factor i\(Tentative)

I think my teachers understand me

Most of my teachers seem to like me

tO

G1D

Most of my teachers are excellent

I kind my teachers to be fun and exciting

I am proud to be a student in this school

I can get help from most teachers

I like most of my teachers

Teachersin this school do a poor, job

My teachers really know ho-I to teach

Must of my teachers are dot considerate

of 'IOW students feel

If students don't 'learn here, it .is not

the feat of the teachers

Junior High

Excellent

70%

32

61

50 16

73

Above

Aver dge

72%*

31.

.59

50

16

70

66

61

89

85

62

51

46

38

74.

69

86

87

83

80

16

10

67

60

'38

64

Teachers at this school really seem to

enjoy teachin

68

46

63

62

Average

72%

'/

59

47 18

65

48

69

43

35

58 78

69

29

51 54

rm.

r.

'58

Below

AVerake

647,

'41

53 23

-*

57

31

45

38

26

42

65 53 38

44

67

55

53

T4

4

Bxcelleni

63%-

40 55

1.

84

64

93

46

37 7?

87

85

27

51

29'

48

63

AbpVe

Below

Av@rage

Average Average

76%

3-8

60.

48

76

56

92

43 34

75

87

84

24

48

38

50

62

Senior High

65%

38.

52et

41

.12

,66

79

40

32

,68,

79

74

26

44

51 53 y60

60%

42

47 36

14

44

26

56

35

47

63

59

45 37

60

58

50

50

Table 2

SOO by Zchie'vement (continued)

Factor and Items

Junior High

Senior }Ugh I.!

`Factor X (Tentative)

I am trot encouraged to look at both sides

of the question in this school

my teachersdon't treat me like a human

being

Ny teachers don't encourage me to try

thif

iga

oxl my own

This school does not give Me a chance to

develop m* skills and tents

Ndbody is really interested in my opinions

about how this school should.be run

Other Itemd

.n)

cow

People In this school-di:mitt appreciate my,

0efforts

am encouraged to

say

what I really Oaink

in Our'class discussion

This school provides help when I need it

am

encouraged to think for myself in

this school

o

I think school is a pretty lonely place

This'school is helpful for students who are

not,going to'college

Ey teachers encourage.me to .act on things

I believe in

I enJ'oy learning new thitrigs

" In at least one cl'ass I really learned

.,

samethifig thip.year

Piy

teachers" encourage me to stick-up'for

my bwn beliefs even if they disagreeWithme

Excellent

AboVe

Al F

en :e

Averale

Below

Avera:e

38%

467.

557.

15

16

25

.37

24

25

36

47

29'

32

41

54

45

49

57

6

26

29

38

66

62

53

45

68

63'

56

46

79

78

73

64

17

21

34

C

63

55

53

48

57

31

43

36

95.

94

88

78

a

9695

91

EA

"

-57

.53

142

Excellent

29%

11.

36

43

31 71

59

69'

21

66 53

97 61

Above

Avera.

Aver re

Bela-

Avera. a

32%,

15

29

'33 47 31

64

57.

72

21

64

50

97 95 57

18

34 41 C

.C

m, 53 38

50

73

32

60 43 90 50

52%

28

45 56

63

48

42 ±6

60

44 53

35

66

81

42 a*

.f,

S

Table 3SQQ, Item Percentages by Raceand By uniO1--Senior High

Factor and Items

Factor: Liking 'of School

Schoolwork is interesting 53%'

I don't like my classes 29

I like school 56,

I hate school 32

I find my teachers to be ffin and

exciting 37

I like most of my teachers ,74

My' classes are boring 55

I'think school is fun 48

I don't like school work 56

I like my classes 56

.I don't look forward to going.schOol

Junior HighB ck

N =9664 =50In anN=183.

I

Factor: Interest in Learning

I really, don't care whether Ior notlearn anything,

48

8

-I, do not like to stay out of school 48

I enjoy learning new things 90

don't card if I learn atPthing,I just want to pass

Wn2n`I graduate or leave this schoolIran- to continue my education ' 83

17'.

I would like to quit school

Factor: Unfair Punishment ,

0I.have oftjn been punished here.

without cause

Sometimes I am blamed for someoneelse's activities

16

38

69

I have been punished in front ofothers in this school 47

I am only' punished when I deserve it 54

-Tne, teachers here never yell at me t aP The teachers a'e always suspicious

of me 34

j

24'

35

57-

26

9

56

41,

16

87

15

46

71

(31+

52

25

44

31

47%-

36

44-

38'

71

56

41

58

47

,44

18

42

81

37

Senior HieBcN=.,8039 x=446 N=95

e

46% .54% 49%-

30 33 37

59 57 6o

26 I 29 128

32 39 49

79 73

60, 57 53

49 48 48

61 47 53

58 55 60

49 33 35

7 9 18

48 54 56

95 96 88

,17 17 25

71 73 78 62

27 14 16 17

44 21 30 25

70'. 44- 46 '39

46 30 21 20

57 66 i 55 70

24 _ 36 f 49 .48

r..1

46, 23 /32 22

4

Table 3 (continued) Race by Junior-Senior High

Factor and Items

Factor: .Self concept as a Learner

'White

I,am not very good in sChool Vork

I have the abiliy to' learn mostthings .

I see myself as a successful student

Learning -things in school comes,,basy'to a

There -are a lot of things I don't un-derstand no maqter how bard Istudy

Factor: FriendlyAtmosphere

I have, some good friends here inschool

A Students here are stuck up

Students here are not' willing to

help me.

Pe 651e in this schodi try to make

me feel important

Most students in this school are

friendly

Factor: Involvement in Decision Maki

My teacher never asks me to helpplan'what our class does

'I help to make decisions in.my

classes

Many times students are given achance to decide what the class does

Sometimes I help decide what ourclass does

I am never involyed in making deci-sions abOut My school Or. class

Factor: Class Discussions'

P-Otr,jcw- being in class discussions.,

The lectures and class discus *ions bymy -teachers are clear and worthwhile

I don't understand my class dis-cussions

I don't find class discussions ,

fun or exciting

0

3

90

72

55

63

95

66

26

3o

76

56.

45

49

2

63

5o

21

47

Junior High

black Indian

25

32

29%

89

76

57

69

92

69

.38

74

49-

.51

64

52

39

67

55

48

83

61

41

72

92

61

34

37

68

51

35

55,

.40

lAq

46

54

31

54

Senior High

White Black lIndian

26%

92

58

61

95

63

21.

23

'75-

41

47

44

43

62

44

18

45

27%

89

76

58

63

85

67

30

7o

50

46

58-

47

4o

68

49

34%

91

,64

58

58

79

46

39

56

1+8

48

52

19 28

4o 47

Table 3 (continued) Race by JUnior-Senior High

Factor and Items

Junior High Senior High

White Black Indian White Black Indian

Factor': i,ositive Reinforcement

51%,

49

54.

. 25

64%

54

59

41

62%

51

64

40

48%

43

50

21

, 53%

45

51

31

64%

40

49,'

36

praped when I do good work

I d8 a lot of gOod work that goesunnoticed

I am rarely gild when I do good work

My teachers praise me-when I complete'my work

O

I am always told about my bad workand not my good work 48 44 47 .33 40 25

Factor! Curriculum Relevance

School doesn't teach the moreimportant' things in life 47 -51 49 57 62 60

This school teaches me the thingsIyant to learO 44 45 40 40 40 39

13

I think I am learning a lot ofthings that will'help,me earn aliving when I get older 65 75 60. 50 59 58

My school activities don't help me inanything that I do outside of school 34 41 52 37 39 47

Most school work will be' useful tome whend get out 'of school 67 75 63 47 65 59

Factor: Fear of Asking quettions

I am afraid that my teacher willcall, on me

have a difficult time speakingup in front of the class

,)29

52

25

44

32

58 51

24

42 67

I am not afraid to ask for helpwhen I need it 72 80 '4'73 72 79 77

I am usually afraid to ask questions 28 24 39 29 23, 35

I go to teachers for help when I

heed. it 70 80 60 64 67

Factor: Perception of Progress inLearning

I think I learned'more- this yearthan previous years 63 64 59 48 48 51

/ I don't think ISM learning muchin school 27 `30 44 38 39 40 ,

I think I learned less this year thanI did in previous years 211. 32 34 37 '42 39

I think I am learning a lot in school 67 53 47 51 45

r 26

'Table 3 (continued) Race by Junior-Senior High a

Factor and Items

Factor: Racial Items

I mould like to have more friendsof other races

Junior Hip

White Black Indian

The presence of different races inthe same school hinders learning

I have some friend of other racesin this school

It is difficult to mike friendswith students of other races

I consider getting to know-studentsof other races as part of "my

edacation

rwish thee were more- students ofother races in this school,

I am afraid of students of other

races

I think it is a good idea to haire-students of'different races go to

the same school

Factor.Y (Tentative)

I think my teachers understand me

Most of my,teachers seem to like me

Most of my teachers are excellent

I find my teachers to be fun andexciting

I am proud to be a student in this

school

I can get help from most teachers

I like most of my teachers

TeacherS in this school do a poor job

My teachers really know hoW to teach

Most-of my teachers are not consid-erate of how students feel

If students don't. learn here, at isnot the fault of the teachers

Teachers at this schOlreally seem

to enjoy teaching

72%

24

69

36

58

47

19

-65

54

75

50

. 37

63

82

*74

23

55,

'50

27

61

59

61%

29

85

29

65

56

7

78'

55

48

.51

59

79

71

31

55

52

63

65

82%

28

87

29

76

?0,1

13

82

51

69

\IA

38

61

68

71

36

50

65

65

59

Senior Ijigh

White Black

66% .63%

17 16

163 83

4o 23

56 65

.43 56

12. 7

71

51 44

86 81

41 38

32 39

71 62

82 80

79 73\

27 32

47 43

43 50°

51 52

6o 58

6

Indian

74%

16

76

23

711

63

6

87

83

6o

49

77

77

75'

27

49

44.

57

Table 3 (continued

Fact r and Items

Race by. Junior-Sent,ot High

-7 Junibr High

Factor X Tentative)

I am, not encouraged to look at bcithsides cf the question in this school

My tea hers 'don't.\t,reat me like ahuman .eing

my to chers don't encourage me totry tr ings on my own

This school does not give me a chanceto d velop my skills and talents

Ndb.dy is really interested in myopidons about how this schoolsh',1d lie run

Other tems

Peo a& in this school don't appre-cia e N1N,

I an encouraged to say what I reallythin in°our class discussion

school provides help when Ineed 't

I am ndouraged to thiplefor myselfth s school

I thi school is a pretty lonely

place.

This chool is helpful for students.who a e not going to college --

My temchers encourage me to act onthing L believe in

I enj learning new things

In at east one class I reallylearne something this year

My tea hers encourage me to stickup, for my own beliefs' even if they

disagree with U2 e

o

White Black

43% 47%

21 21

32 32

35 41

54 50

33 38

:57 64

59 57.

75 78

27 ,33

6 56 5o

46 52

90 94

93 89

57 57

28

35

Indian White

4

56%

21

44 .

37%

324

330

50

39 35.

1-

9\

60

54

71

38

51

81

90

55.

53

71

47

'95

92

Senior HighI Blak Indian

43%

16

30

36

.v

39%,

11

22

149

44

27

66 60

-; 53 61

82

37, 35

57 62

51 50

91 88

89 89

Table 4SOQ Item Percentages by Sex

and By Junior-Senior High

Factor and Items,

Factor: Liking of School

Schoolwork is interesting

I don't like my classes

A like school

I hate school

I find my teachers to be fuw andexciting

I like most of my teachers

My classes. are boring

I think school is fun

I don't like school work

I like my claSSes

I don't look forward to going toschool

Factor: Interest in Learning

I really don't are whether Ilearn anything or not

I do not like to stay out of school

I enjoy learninvnew things

I don't care if I learn anything, Ijust *ant to pass t

c>,

When I graduate or leave this school,IJgant to Continue my education

I would like to'quit school

Factor: Unfair Punishment

I have often been puniihed herewithout cause

Sometimes I am blamed fof someoneelse"siactivities

I, have been punished in tronk:2!others in this school

I am only punished when I deserVeit

T& teachers are alwaysof mew

suspicious

I

Junior High . Sefiior

-1 Male

N=4614

HighFemaleN=4826

TotalN=9438

Male.N=5755

FemaleN=5650

Total,N=11405

527. 55% 537. 44%r

497 . 47%

3 27 30 31 29. 30

51 62 57 56 64 60

36 28. 32 '28 24 26

36 '40 38 32 34 33

72 75, 73 , 77 80 79

55 54 55 61 60 60

43 53 48© 45 52 49

56 52" 54 63 57 60

53 55 54 56 "'61 59

50 50 50 51 45 48

9 7 8 9 6 7.

46 51 49 47 47 47 4

89 89 89 93- 96 95'

20 16 20 13 16

83 82 83 76 72 74

19 14 ilNo 16 13 14

47 33 40 24 17 21

75 62 69 50 44

51 39 45 34 26 30

49 57 53 61

41 29 35 30 17 23.

29

36

4

Table 4Sex by Junior-Senior. High

0

Factor and. Items

Factor: Self- Concept as-aItatner

I am not very.gitnd in school work

I,have the ability to" learn mostthings

I see myself as a successful student

Learning things, in school comes easyto me

There. are a lot of things'I.don'tunderstand no matter how hard t study

.

Factor: Frtencily Atmosphere

I 1iave some good friends here inschool * 0

A lot of students here are stuck 4/

Students.here are not willing tohelp me

People in this school try to make mefeel Important

Most students in this, school arefriendly . ,

d

Factor: Involvement in Decision Making

My teacher never. asks me to help planwhat our class .,does

I help.tO make decisions in my classes

'Many times students are given a chanceto decide what the'class does

Sometimes I help.decide what our classdoes

-

I am never involved in making deci-sions about my school nr class

Factor: Class Discussions

I enjoy beingin class discussions

The lectures and class discussions bymy teachers are clear and worthwhile

I don't,tnderstand my class disCus-sions

don't find class discussions funor exalting

O

Junior H4h Senior HighFemale

1,14=4826

TotalN=9438

-Male

N=5755FemaleN=5650

TotalN=11405

MaleN=4614

32% 30% 31%, '30% 23% 27%

89 90 89 91 93 92

73 70 72 73 n 73 73

55 55 55 57 60 59

61 67 64 . 59 62 61

94, 96 95- 93 94 94'

V68 64 66 61 65 63

32 22 . 37 24 19 21

29/,)

36 32 23 24 24

72 75 78 72 75

56 55 59 57 58

44 47 45 40 43 42

50 50 50 47 49 48

42 43 42 44 46 45

+4.

45 42 '44 47 41, 44

63 63 63 62 63 63

52 47 50 47 42 '44

21 20 k 19 17 18.

48 46 47 46 42 44

30

37

Table 4'

Sex by JiAidr-Senior High

Factor and Items*.c

Junior HighMale

N=5755emaleN=5650

TotalN=11405

MaleN*44614

Factor: Positive Reinforcement

I am praised when I do good work 52% 51% 52% 45%

I do a lot of good work teat goesunnoticed 51 46 49 46

I am 'rarely told when I do good work 55 55 55 54

My teach raise me when I completeV

my work 28 25 27 22

I am 'always told About my bad work andnot my good work ' 50 38 40

Factor: Curriculum Relevance

School doesn't teach the more impot-tant things in life 49, 46 48 60

This school teaches me the things Iwant to learn 43 43 43 40

I think I,am learn*ng a lot of thingsthat will help me .earn a livIg whenI get Older 67 63 65 53

My school activities don't help me inanything that I do outside of school 36) 34 35: 35

Most school work will be useful to mewhen I get out of `school 68 67 48

Factor: Fear of Asking Questions

22 33 28 24,I am afraid thatomy teacher will call

on me

I have a difficult time speaking upin front of the class 48 54 51 4-7

I am not afraid to ask for help whenI peed it 74 72 73 -73

I am usually afaid to ask questions 24 32 28 2.6

I go to teachers for help when I'need it 70 66 68 64

O

Factl: Perception of Progress,.Learning

I think I learned more this year thanin previous years 65' 62, 64 49

I don't think I am learning much inschool 27

D

4 30 38

I think I learned less this year-than.I did in previous years 28 28 39

3138

Senior HighFemale TotalN=4826 N=9438

49

37 36

49 49

73

'31

65

48

38

36

29

65

48

38

37

a

Factor and Items

Table 4Sex by Junior - Senior ligh

(Junior RiahTotal

N=11405Male

.N225755

Female20.5650

Senior Hi hFemale-r TotalN=4826 Ngs9438

MaleN-4614

I think I am learning a lot in school '627 62% .62% 50% 52% 51%

Factors Racial Items

I wou d like to have more friends ofother races 63 79 71 56

The presence of different races inthe same school hinders learning SO , A18. . 24 24 11 17.... .

I have some friends of other racesin this school . 67 77 72 62 69 66

. .

It is difficult to make'friends withstudents of other races 41 2g 35 45 32 38

76 66

I consider getting to know studentsof other races as part of myeducation 53 66 60

I wisWthere were more students ofother-races in this school 40 58 49

I am afraid.of students of otherraces 19 16 18

I think it is a good idea to havestudents of different ratles go tothe same school 58 76 65

Factor Y (Tentative)

I think my teachers understand me 55 52 54

Most of my teachers seem to like me 73 76: 74

Most of my teachers are excellent 48 47 48

I find my teachers to be fun and g

exciting 36 40 38

I am proud to be a student in thfsschool

I can get help frwil most teachers

I like most of my teachers .=.

Teachers in this school do a poor job

My teachers really know how-to teach

Most of mysteachers are not consid-erate of'how stadents Teel

'If don't learn here, it isnot the fault of the teachers

Teachers at this school really seemto enjoy teaching

61 64 62

81. 82

72 75 73

26 2'2 24

56 54 55

52

61

60

50 51

62

60

39

61

60

.47 66 57

35 54' 45

11 12 12

62 81

51 50

83 83

43 39

32 34

70 72

82 83

77- 80

28 28

47 44 a

46 40

54 48

63 58

72

50

83

41

33

71

83

79

28

45

43

'51

60'

Table 4Sex by Junior -Senior High

Q

Factor and Items

Junior High'Male

N=5755FemaleN=5650

TotalN=11405

tale

N=4614

Senior HikhTotal

N=9438. Female

N=4826

Factor.X (Tentative)

-I am not encouraged to look at bothsides of'the question in this school

My teachers dgn't treat me like ahuman being

My teachers don't encourage me to trythings on my.own

This schopl does not give me a'dhance, to develop' my skillfand talents,

Nobody .1,8 really interested in my .opinions about hbw thiaschool,shouldbe run

c Other Items

People in this school don't appreciatemy efforts

I am encouraged to Say what I reallythink in ourclass discussion .

,This school provides, help when Ineed it

I am encouraged to think for myself, in this school

I think school is a pretty lonelyplace

This school is helqui for studentswho are not going to college

My teachers encourage me to act o4things I believe in

I enjoy learning new things

In at least one class I reallylearned something this year

My teachers encourage me to stickup for my:own beliefs even if theydisagree with me

,t

'44% 40% 42% 407

24 18 21 17sr

0934 29

,

32 34

39,

58

36

58

59.

75

'31

55

46

89

91

51

tE

-36 38

50.' 54

4y

31 3

58. 57

59 59.

75. 75

25 28

56

48

91

95

52

55

47

90-

51

41

29

37

54 - 45

36;7

60

-33

61

. 52. . 4,.54.

7Z 4'70

28

62

44

93

90

25

61

51

96

94 ,

52:* 455

35%

15

31

39

49

34. .

61

53

71

26

61

GR

95

92.'4

54

'

Table 5

QSOQ Item Percentages by Race and Junior High Grade

'

,Factors and Items

'.

,

Grade 7

Grade 8"

Grade 9

-Total

Wht

3269

Blk

307

Ind83

Wht

3143

Blk

285,

Ind

45'

Witt

3252

Blk

258.

Ind

55

Wl'a

9664

Blk

1Ind

850

1183

4

Factor:

Liking of School

'

2

SchoolWork is interesting-

60

66

53

49

65

48'

50

63

38

53

65

47

I don't like my classes

:22

29

.33.

33

32

42

.31

32

37

29

318

36

I like school

.58

62

55

53

62.

47

58

-62

36

56

62

' 47

I hate school

31,

30

-43

35

36

43

30

28

47

32

31

44

I find my teachers to be fun and exciting

41

52

48

33

54

36

.36

46

-.,-26.

37

51

38

.-,

I like most of my teachers k4,

My cliaxes are boring

'

.

.1 think 4Fhool is fun

.

-

'77

49.

51

73

52

59

69

58

40

69

58

45

69

52

54

76

53

51

75

57

49

70

48.

54

69

55

35

-74

55

48_

71

51 56

71i

56

41

I don't like school work

r51

35

54

.59

31

52:

5$

38

72

56

35

58

'"'r-I like my classes'

60

57

50

5.2

55

64

56

58

28'

56

57

47 '

-X don't look forward to going to school

47

28

43

50

28

42

47

22.

47

48

26

44

,.

.

Factor:

Interest in Learning

.

s_..-,-

.

...

I really don't care whether I learn

any,

thing or not

7'

915

97

16

710

'24

89

18

I d6 not like to stay out of school

-

53

56.

47

45

.5

40

46

56,

40.

48

56

42

I enjoy learning new things

°

...-

90

92

79

489,

94

7.8

91

95

.87

90

94-

81

I don't care if I-learn anything, I just

want to pass

15'

15

36

19

18

29

17

14

46

17

16

37

When I graduate or leave_this school I

\

want to continue my education

85

87

.73

80 --

89

64

84

84

73

83

- 87

'

71

1 would like to quit school

17

19

29

18

14

28

14

13'

-,24

-15'

27

.-v

-,

Table 5

SOQ -by Rabe. and Junior High' Grade '(continued)

Factors and Items

-

Grade 7

Grade'8

Grade 9

z,

.

Total

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

Factor:

Unfair Punishment

39

70

44

57

22

.

34 31

H'89

73

57

61

--96

(

69

28

.

31 72

-

. SA

,49

,-76

36

"55 25

47 31

.89

71

55 74

94

71

31

41

71 AQ

'

73

51

60

19

50

46

81'

68

41 71 94

65 34 4 70 AR

41 72

50

50 18

38

31 89

7Q

.54

65

,. 95

67 28

29 75 SA

r 51 72

'37 '

48

29

.44

.,

°

29

90

80

57

66

.

. 95

71

27

36 76 cn

38

71

'143' .

67 25

47

.50

B9

73

42 77

.

89

,'63

40

32

591

Al

35

64

48-

,

54,

23 o

Q3.0

29:

91

72

,,

55

63

95

'62,

/22

29 8d S7`

-

38

65.

30

54

20

41.-

28

'89

78

59

65

86

64

31

°36 74

L.7

'. .

'30

45-

, 64

42

45'

40

58'i

81

41 39 71

91

54

28

35 73 AA

,38 69

47 54

21

34 3b

90

3-2k

55

63

95

116

26.

30 76 5A

. 46 71

34

52 25 4_.

29

89

76 Z

-

69.

92 69 30

38 74

-

ac

44 70

46 57

24

46

51 83

'61

41 72",

92

well

34

37 68'

. cl

-

I'have often been punished here without

cause

Sometimes I am blamed for someone else's

.

activities

4

I have been punished in frot*orothers

in this school

c.

.

I am only punished when. I 'deserve it

The teachers here neyeryell 'at me

.

The teachers are always suspicious of me

Factor,:

Self-Concept as a'Learne4r

..I am not very good in school work

,

I have the ability to learn most,thIngs

,w

I see myself as a successful student

:Learning things in school comes easy to me

There are a 16t of things I don't Under-

stand no matter how_hard I study

.

Factor:

Friendly Atmbsphere

I have some good friends here in school

A lot of students here are stuck up

Students here are not willing to help me

People in this school try to make me,feel

important'

.

Most- students in

s school are friendly

Factor:

Involvement in Decision Making

My teacher never asks me to help plan

whnt our CIARS dope

SCQ by Race and)Junior High Grade (continued)

Factors and Items

Grade 7

Grade 8

Grade 9

Total

-=,

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk-

Ind

Wht

Bik

Ind ,

Wht

Bik

Ind

I help to make decisions in my claises

.

Many ties students are given a chance

to decide what the clasti does

0 Sometimes I help decide what our classdoes

I ani never involved in making decierions

about Ey school or class

,,

,Factor:

Crags Discussions

7 1

42

0

43

67

.

57

20

44

55

49 54

28 M 00 41 51

50

63

.53

46

64 54

31

37

52

67

55

62

42-

45

53

48

33

56

le 48

44

55 35

53

67

55

60

45 54

'36

40

44

.

'49

42

45

62

46 21

49

--"48

-51

55_

23

47

50

40

5 4

'../

66

52

37 55

20

44

67

55

-60

46

46

r55

45

47

,

60

.38

38

0

54

64

29

60

67

54

.68

40

42

56

47

43

'48

42

43

59------,,,1*-

46 22

49

49

47 56

25

41

49

40

51!

62

51 34

-72 56

18 '.___\

40

57

52

55

35

42

50

41

28

P

51

32

48

44'

25

e'

51

49

43.

67

32

40

.

62

35

45

49

42

44

63 , 50.

21

47

51

49 54

25

48

47

44

51

.0.

64

52,

39

67 '.

55

24

48

,

tn,i

64 54

59,

-41

.44

0

51

45

35

55

40.

46

46

.54 31

54

62 51

64

40

47

49

40

Ienjoy being in crass discusbion6

.,

.

The lectures and class discussions by my

.teachers are. clear and worthwhile

.

I don't'understand my class discussions

L.,..)

0, I don't find class discussions fun or

'exciting

Factor:

Positive Reinforcement

I am praised when I do good work

'

I do a lot of good work that goes

noticed

I ath rarely told when Iado good work

My teachers praise me when I complete my

work

4

I am always- told about my bad work and

not.my good work

_

Factor:

Curriculum Relevance

-

SchoOl doesn't teach the more imporiint

things in life

This school teaches me the things I. want

to learn

-.

t.

Table 50'

SOO by Race and,"SuniorcHigh Grade

.

Factors and Items

Grade 7

.

Grade 8 ,

Grade 9

Total

-

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind.

Wht

Blk' 'Ind

I think .r am learning.a lot of things

that-

will help me earn a living when I get older

..

My school activities doet help, me

in any-

thing that I dsoutside of school

Most school work will be useful to ma when

I get out of school

/

Factor:

Fear of Asking Questions

72

31

76 ,

428 'D

51 .,

74 7)

'76'

71

22

,

23

71 76

25

79

44

(-79

26

43

:.

82.

'31

.

82 .

.

62

"32 34

70

65

40

65 50

(72

27

53

,77

, 42

65

. .

69

,38

35

.61.

79

35

62 36

64,

,

29

51

,72

28

68 58

29 21

'58

70

24

74

43 74

29

45,

80 22

84

- 63

28

31

66 62 27

64

37

69

.

34 71

68

36,

63

,-

57

36

23 57

82 ,

23

61

*34

62 30

55,_

71

30

'66

'61

30

29

59

69

22-

71

36

.

72

I

.

20

43

.-

79

20

75

.

.

66

31 f'

al

65 51-7

,

:21 -;)

50

66

45 -

3b

'56 70

37

50 .

47 -9

43

39'

86

23

65 34

67

29

,52

72

28

70.

63

27 24

63 72 24

1

715

-41

75

.25 .

44 80

24-

.

80

64

30

32

67,,,>5S

61

''29

7'.

60

-52

63

32

58.

73

39 a 59

44

34 82

28

-I am afraid th4 my teacher will call on me

I have a difficult time speaking up i'n

front of the class

4

I am not afraidtoisk

for help when I need'

.

/---N

.

am usually afraid to askquestions

.

\,

I go to teachers for help when I need it

Factor:

PerceRtion of Progress in tearoicg

I think I

learned:rmorl this year than in

previous years

,

I don't think I- am learning much in school

k____----'

°I think I

ila.rffed less this

year than I

-

,did in previous years

I think Kama learning a lot in school

Factor:

Racial Items

,

.I would like to have more

friends

of

6

other races-

.

The presence of different races in the

same school hinders

learning

.

,

xr

4

Table 5

SOQ by Race and Junior High Grade (continued)

Factors and Items

Grade 7

Grade 8

''

Grade 9

Total

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht.

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

Uht

21k

Lad

I have SOU friends of other races in

this school

.

It is difficult to make friPnds with

0student5,of other races

I consider getting to know students of

other races as part of my education

''>

'I wish there were more students of other

o

races in-this school

I am afraid of stUden'ts of other races

I think it Is a good idea 'to have studen s

of different racesgc) to the same school

4, 1

Factor Y (TentatAve)

ti

N

74

33

62

48

21

65

'55

h73"

58

41

70

'83

77 20

,62

.49

65

63

,87

29

67

5.9

_9

78

56 5.

52

=a.

60

77

.73

34.

55

'jj

67 71

01 29i

'81:

(2. 654.

13'

80'

52

% 69

46

:48

1%

68

64

69:

40

52.

,1,.

63.

69

¢6

70

37

56

19r

64,

'549

73

46,

33

61

.81

69

26

51

53

59

,56

87

28

1.

.66

'b 57

l'

6

-80

57

u75

47

54

59 -

81

69

30 3 '

.49 J8'

60

/79

32

79 .()

80

16 77

57

'76 4 36

61

70

7 34

594'.

54:

65

52

64

,37

55

46

16

14

,67

52'.

78

46

36

59

82 iV

23

53

47 59 58

81 31

61

51

-- 7.

;'''.77

51

75

'46

46

59

78

70

2,

28

'58

49.

v3 63

-86

28

67

"70-

'lis

89'

43

62

-38

26

51, ..

72

:69

31.

38,

78

.59

54'

69

36

,58

47 19

.65

,

54

75

.'50

37

63

82

74

23

55

4.

0 61 59

85

29

654y,

56 7

78

55

74

48

51

59

79

71

,31

515'

52

63 65

87

29 76

70

1,3

:82 51

69

44 38

61

-18.

71

36

59

65

,.65

590

'I think my teachers understand me

Mbst of my teachers 'seem to like me

Most of my teachers are excellent.

.

I 'fildmy teachers to bafun and exciting

I am proud to bea.studexit in this schodl

.

I can get helpl- from .most teachers

,.

I like most of my teachers.

Teachers in this schoof,do aopoor jo

4J

-MYteechers really know how to teach

Most of my teachers are not considerate

of how students feel

5

If_students'don't learn here, it is not

.

(,

the fault of the teachers

ea

,Teachers at this school really seem to

-.

enjoy teaching

0

S

Table 5

f,

SOQy,Pegte

and .1un4or High Grade (continued)

q

1-

Lk

Factors and Items

oracle 7

.,

Grade 8

Grade 9

'.

,

Total

.

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

lak

Ind

,,.

.

Factor X (Tentative)

.,

.

.

_

'

'I am not encourage :4 to look at both sides

of the question inis school

44

50

63

.45

46.

54

39

44

47

43

47

56

My teachers don°t treat me like a huthan-

'.

being

'L

21

25

24

,24

20.

.18-

18

17

20

21

21.

21

t

,My teachers don't encourage me to try

things on my own

31

37

44.

34

31

44

30

29

44

32

32

44

Thir-school does not give .me a chance to

dekelop My skills and talents

32

39

36

,40

42

.'38

34

41

41

35,

41

38

Nobody is really inierested':in my opinions

about how this school should be 'run

1

53

51

56

56

51

52

'52

48

53

54

50

54

Other Items

:.

.,

.People in this school don't appreciate my

efforts

33

737

34

37

'47

32

39

34

33.

38

39

I am encouraged' to say what I really think

iour'class discussion

57.

61

55

98

64

44

57'

67

"44

57

64

49

This school provides help whend need it

66

61

50

57'

58

55

55

52

60

59

57

54

Ism encouraged to think, for myself in

this school

N'

-81

70"

74

b 77

'82

74

76

65

75

78

71

I think school is .a pretty lonely place

27

33

34

29

33

-.41

26

33

42

27

33

38

Thig.school is helpful for- students who are

-,....27

not going to college

61

56

48

,53

48

.62

53

'45

46

56

50

5.

My teacher; encourage me to act on things

,

I believe in

.

48

50

52

44

55

50

-47

50

30

46

52,.

45

'Ilenjoy learning new things

44

-90

92 -

79'

S9

94

.78

.91

95

87

90

94

81

,-,In at least one class I really learned

something this year

94

90

93

92

89

93

93-

S9

83

93

89

90

My teachers-encourage me to stick up for

-

own beliefs even if-they disagreewith,c,

53

57

65

66

60

59

53

55

37

57

.57

55

T'able 6

SO Item Percentages by Race and Senior pighQgade

Factors andIfems

Gra4e 10

Grade.

iiGrade 12

TOtal

Wht

2958.

Blk

193

Ind-

39

Wht

2604

Blk.

151

Ind35

Wht

2477

Blk

102

Ind21

T.Tht

'8039

Blk

446

Ind

95

Factor:

Liking of School

Schoolwork is interesting

48

56

N. 44

46

:53#

52

45

52

55

46

54

.449

.

I don't like my classes

29

33

40

81

29

40

,31

38

25

30

33

,37

I like school

61

58

459

52

66

58

61

81

59

57

'60

I hate school

40

26

30

38

26

30

23

26

26

19

26

29

28

I find my teachers to be fun epd,excitirig

33

38

53

31

44

49

33

35

40

32

39

_49

I like most of my teachers

77

70

64

78

77,

86

81

74

75

79

73

75

-my classes are boring

58

60

51

61

52

58.

62

58

50

60

.*57

53

I,think school is fun

.32-

49

-42

47

p50

54

47

41

51

49

48

48

I don't like schoolwork

a59

49

45

61

47

57

62

42

59

61

47

53

° I like my classes

59

56

52

'58

53

59

58

-56

76

58

55

60

I don't look forward to going to school

47

31

40'

50

37

30

.50

31

31

49

33,

35.

Factor: .4tereat in

Learning

4LI really don't care whether-I lean any..

thing or not

89

33

710

97

57

918-

I.do not like to stay out of school

49

56

42

52-

52

64

43

51 -

70

48

54'

56

I,enjoy learning new things

93

95

79

95

96

91

96

96

:100'

95

96

88

I don't,care if I learn anything, I just

want to pass

17

20

'16

15

26

,17

15

517

17

25

When I graduate or leave this scha(1

7want tor continue my education

70

78

51

73'

73

`60

78

84

85

73

78.

62,

I would like to quitschool

16

16

24g.

18

14

12

11

10

14

16'

17

.

0

Table'6

SOQ by Race and Senior High Grade

continued)'

FactOrs and Items

,

Grade 10

Grade 11

.grade 12

Total

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht s'Blk

Ind'

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

,t,

Factor:

Unfair Funishmedt

°

.

'

s 21

48

30

64 33

26

28

91 73

56

63 95

60

20

27 78

60

,40'

29

53 17

53

48

36 31_

88 74

57 6

62

85

67

29 28

74 58

31

48

18

64

46

27.

46-

87'

56

41

57

4_85

64 18

23

83

4

46

24

46

,-

'31

66 34

23

27

92 73

56

62 95

63

.

21 21

75 60

,

'30

47

28

'

57

45

29

25

89

80

58

63

91 ,*

68

'25

29.

68 48

.

21

29

23 77

48 20

28.

94

71 60

91

63

11

34

80 46

.

,

17

38

30

67

41 19

, 23

93

'75

64

57

-

94

66 22

20

47i 57

30

32 17

54 55

30 4 92

74'

61

66

.

75

67 40,4

23

66 38

20

39

20 68

50

14

20

94

69

61,

58 90

65 20

4/

,70 44

21

44

-

N 66 36

23

26

92

74

58

'61

'-

.,

95

,63

21

23 75 59

30

'46

:21

55

,49

32

27 89,

76

58

63

jit 67 30

27

70 50.

25

39

.20 76

48

22

34

91'

64

58

[58

88

64

16 79,

46

., V haveoften been punished here without

Cause

0,

Sometimes I am blamed for someone else's

activities

g

I have been punished in front of others

in this school

lam only punished when I deserve it

The teachers here never yell at me

Tke teachers are always suspicious of me

Factor:

Self concept as a Learner

..

.

I am not very good in schbol work

,

I have tAe ability to learn most things

I see myself as a a'Uccessful student

1,Learning things in school comes easy to me

There are a lot of things I don't under-

stand no matter how hard I study

1

.

Factor:; Friendly AtmospheA

I base some good friends here' in school

.:=. A 14 of students here are stuck up

,

Students he e.

'not willing to help me

People in this school try to make one feel

important

..-

-Most students in ehisisehool are friendly

....

Factor:

Involvement in Decision Making

,

My teacher never'asks me %o help plan

what'our class does

Table 6"

SOQ by Race and Senior High-Grade TbOntinued)

.

Factors and Items

.,,.

,

.

Grade 10

Grade 11

Grade 12

.

Total

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

kind

Wht.

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

I help to make decisions in my classes

Many times students are given a chance._

to decide what the class does

'

Sometimes I help decide what our class does

I an never involved in making decisions

about my school or class

.

Factor:

Class Discussions

..

%

41'

48

44

-

45

61 45 18

Pt 46

44

54

43'

44

67

44

2,1

41

. 54.

45

54

29

41

41

49

37

51

26

57

50

35

53

26

34

50

:44

6 '

'''21

,

40

45

43

, 45

61

42

19

46

44

:51

.

34

60

40"

50

61

46

41

;

65

56 19

40

44 50

-213--

34

'59

39

43

63

40

49

50

32

-

26

42

72

49_

_54 8

16

72

42

43

48

46

40

64

44

16

'43

..48

43

50

.., 21

,..

-- 28

56

38

45

60

58

32 75

50

17

"37

' 56

48-

47

-,..

32

38

65

41

51

.70

67

43 66

56 33

37

76

33

t33

A50

24

59

1

26

41

.

47

44

43

62

44

18

.45

48-

43

50

21

33

57

40

46

58

47

-40

.68 - -

.49

19

40

53

45

51

31

,_

40

62

40

39

.

56

46

48

) 48

'52

28

47

64

40

'41 36

25

60

39

-I enjoy, being in clasp discussions

The leceurea_ase4lass discussions by my

teachers are clear and worthwhile

.

_r don't understand my,class discussions

3o

I don't, find class discussions fun or

exciting

Factor:

Positive Reinforcement

'47

I am praiied'when I do 'good work'

I do a lot of good work that goes unnoticed

I am rarely told when I do good work

M3 teachers praise me' when .I complete my

work

.1

I am always told about my bad work and

not my good"

good" work

Factor:

Curriculum Relevance-

'43

50

21

36 t7

54

43

. 33

45

62

40

School doesn't teach the more important

things in life

'This school teaches me the things I want

to learn

'

Table 6

SOQ by Race raid Senior High Grade (continued)

Factors and Items

Grade 10

Grade 11

Grade 12

Total

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Bl

Ind

I thihk I am learning a lot of things that

will help me earn a Jiving when I get older

54

60

63

50

61

57

46

56

50

50

59

58

Itr school activities don't help's* in

any-'

thingehat I do outside of school

.\36

37

46'

38

44

46

36

37

51

37

39

47

Most school work will be useful to me when

I get out of

-51

65

69

47

69

54

43

59

50

47_

65

459

,.

\ \ 4

Factor:` Fear of Asking Questions

30

28

31

-28

21

34

25

22

25

28

24

31

f am afraid that my teacher will call on me

)

'I have a difficult time speaking up in

.

front of the class

53

52

6.7

52

35

73

48

35

55

51

42

67

I am not afraid' to ask for help. when I need

.--

it

.

,,

,...)

71

72

''74

71.

86

73

73.

81

90

72

.-79

77

1 am usually afraid to ask questions

'30

28

30'

29

19

37

'28

21

40

29

23

35

I go to teachers, for help when I need it

66

75

70

.63

68

57

63

80

80

64

74

67

Factor:

Perception of Progress in Learning

(\

I think I learned more this year than in

previous years

53

44

46

48

51

54

43

53

'55

-48

48

,51

I-don't think I am learning much in school

32

40

41

39

39

38

44

36

40

38

39

40

I think I learned less this year than I

did in'previous years

.33

43

30

36

40

37

44

44.

61

37

42

39

I think I am learning a lot in school

48

58

54

48

4S

'28

45

44

55

47

51

45

';''

'.----

.

Factor:

Racial Items

I would like to have more friends of

other races

66

63

67

66

63

74

67

62

86

66

_63

74

The presence of different races in the

same school hinders. learning?

19

16

18

17

16

15

16

16

14.

17'

16

16

Table 6

SOQ by Race and Senior High Grade (continued)

Factors and Items

Grsle 10

Grade 11

Grande 12

Total

,

.

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

tnd

Wht

Blk

Ind

,

e4-

I have some friends of other races in

...,

this school

66

81

75

63

83

71

59

85

86

63

83-

76

It is difficult to-make friends with

students of other races

:\

39

27

16

40

'20

26

41

21

30

40'

23

23

,,,,

I consider getting to know students of-

other races as part of my education

52

60

61

56

69

80

60

69

R90

56

65

74

-=I wish there were more students of .other

races in this school

42

52

58

44

59

62

'44

58

75

43

56

63 l':

I am afraid of students of other races

13

11

512

56

11

310

12

76.

.

I think it.is a good idea to haVe students

.

of different .races go to-the same schoOl

,69.

Q 83

89

71

86

79

74

87

95

71

85

87

Factor Y (Tentative)

I think my teachers understand me

.51

48

52

49

46

65

-53

35

60

51

44

59-

Most of my teachers ,deem to like me

,c

84

81

75

85

84

91

88

77

-85

86

81

83

Most of my teachers are excellent

.45

38

54

38

36

74

.40

39

50

41

38

60

I find my teachers to be-fun and exciting

33

38

53

31

44

49

33--- 35

40

32

39

49

I am proud to be a student in this school

76

64

63

70

62

89

66

59

81 '

71

62

77

I can get help from most teachers

82

80

69

82

82

83

---,83

76

80

,182

80

77

I like most:of my teachers

77

70

64

78

77

86

81

74

75

79

73.

75

..

Teachers in this school:do a. poor job

23

31

21

29

32

27

30

33

39

27

32

27

My teachers really know how to teach

49

44

56

46.

41

51

46

31

47

43

49

Most of Ty teachers are.not considerate

,,

of how students feel

.44

54

41

45

50

49'

39

44

39

43

50

44

If students don't learn here, it is not

the fault of the teachers

54.

54

66

50

54

52

'47

50

51

52

57

Teachers at this school really seem to

enjoy teaching

61

54

63

59

62

69

61

59

51

60

58

63

Tale 6

SOQ by Race and Senior High

Grade (continued)

Factors and Items

Factor X (Tentative)

I am not encouraged to look atboth

sides

of the question in this school

My teachers don't treat me like a human

being

My teachers don't encourage me totry

things on my own

This school does not give a chance to

develop my skills and talents

Nobody is really interested in my opinions

about how this school should be run

.p,-.Other Items'

\.

i

People,in this school don't appreciate my'

efforts

I am encouraged7to say what I

really think

(A

in ourclass discussion

This school provides help when I need it

GD

"

I am encouraged to think for myself in

this sch-Obl

I think school is a-pretty lonely place

This school is helpful'for students who are-

not going to, college

My teachers encourage me to act onthings

I believe in

enjoy learning new things

in at least one class I really learned

something this year

Fty teachers encourage me to stick up for my

1Wn beliefs even if they disagree with me

Grade 10

Grade 11

Grade 12

Total

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

Wht

Blk

Ind

37

,43'

32

37

45

41

,36

39

49

37

-43

39

15

18

15

15?

12

913

20

"6

14

16

11

3

32

30

24

33

29

26

32

30

10

32

30

22

34

41

38

39

38

69

27.

43

`35

33

40

49

48

54.

42

50

40

38

53

54

58

TO

49-

44

4

33

37

38

35

34

MI17

36

39

25

35

36

27

59

62

'54

58

68

69

62

69

55

60

66

60

57

54.

69

51

51

51

51

52

61

53

53

-611

?74

84

77

70

81

74

67

'79

70

71

82

74

24

38

31

27

36

42

27

37

29

26

37

35

64

58

59

63

55

71

59

57

54

62

57

62

0

49

50

41E

',46

48

52

.47

59

47

51.

93

95

,79

..95

96

91

96

96

-10

95

96

88

93

89

139

-92

91

89

9'0

86

90

92

89

89

53

50

56

'52

54

66

56

60

60

54

.54

61

I-

Minneapolis Putlic Schools

Educational Services Division

Research and Evaluation Department

o

Harry N. Vakos, PhD., Assistant Supeiintendent for Educational Services

I IRichard W. Faunce, PhD., Director of Research and Evaluation.

a

/

E2

ti

Lary R. Johnson, Research Assistant

BonnaNesset, Administrative Assistant7 A

.3