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EDUCATION FOR PARENTS SCHOOL OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION EDUCATION FOR PARENTS SCHOOL OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION Lodz, 24 25 January 2005 ANNUR FORMACIN CULTURA BADAJOZ SPAIN

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FAMILY What is a family? A FAMILY is a group of persons, related among them and living together, according to the Royal Academy of Spanish Languages dictionary Segn el diccionario de la Real Academia de la Lengua Espaola: FAMILIA es un grupo de personas emparentadas entre si que viven juntas.

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FAMILY TRADITIONAL MODEL Prevailing model of family and marriage Prevailing model of family and marriage HUSBANDS AUTHORITY HUSBANDS AUTHORITY over the WIFE over the WIFE IMBALANCE MAN-WOMAN within couples IMBALANCE MAN-WOMAN within couples Women assume, in a natural way, their condition: serving men, children and home care FAMILY: basic cell in society Modelo de familia y de matrimonio que predomina AUTORIDAD DEL ESPOSO por encima de la ESPOSA DESEQUILIBRIO HOMBRE/MUJER en las relaciones de pareja La mujer asume de forma natural su condicin: SERVIR AL HOMBRE y cuidado de los hijos y del hogar FAMILIA, clula bsica de la sociedad

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FAMILY: PRESENT MODEL EQUAL RELATIONSHIPS: men women Balance in taking decisions distribution of home responsibilities distribution of time RELACIONES IGUALITARIAS, HOMBRE/MUJER Equilibrio en la toma de decisiones Reparto de responsabilidades domsticas Distribucin del tiempo

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Source: surveys to young (age: 15 at 29). INJUVE-2001 Who does make the domestic tasks?

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FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESENT FAMILY Promote the socialization the process in which people acquire some knowledgements, values, models, symbols,..., since their childhood the way of acting and feeling How? Potenciar la socializacin el proceso por el que las personas desde su infancia van adquiriendo conocimientos, valores, modelos, smbolos la manera de actuar y de sentir Cmo?

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Being an example and an incentive in order to implement a system of social relationships about the values that constitute the familiar environment: respect, justice, dialogue and love. Siendo ejemplo y estmulo para implantar un sistema de relaciones sociales sobre los valores que constituyen el clima familiar, es decir, el respeto, la justicia, el dilogo y el amor.

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NEW MODELS OF FAMILY SPANISH FAMILIES deep changes from a MODEL FAMILY to FAMILY MODELS FAMILIA ESPAOLA profundas transformaciones de la FAMILIA MODELO a los MODELOS DE FAMILIA

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Source: National Institute of Statistic Reduction of multiple and complex homes (different family units living together) Reduccin de los hogares mltiples o complejos (cuando convivan distintos ncleos familiares)

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Civil unions, not marriages. With adopted children. Advanced aged parents. Parejas de hecho Con hijos adoptados Padres de edad avanzada

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Reconstructed families: born from the union of parents with children from previous unions. Familias reconstituidas: las nacidas de la unin de padres con hijos de otros enlaces anteriores.

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Homoparental families: parents of the same gender. Monoparental families. Homoparentales: padres del mismo sexo Monoparentales

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The existence of family pluralism in Spain (cohabitation, single mothers, extramarital births, divorces, separations, unipersonal and monoparental homes, etc.) has agreed with three circumstances: La existencia del pluralismo familiar en Espaa (cohabitacin, madres solteras, nacimientos extramatrimoniales, divorcio, separacin, hogares unipersonales y monoparentales, etc.), ha coincidido con tres circunstancias:

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Simultaneity: all of these models grow up very quickly and simultaneously in the last two decades. Coincidence: with a rapid and abrupt drop of marriages, that has been historically the main procedure to create a family life. Demand of recognition for new family models. Simultaneidad, todas stas modalidades crecen aceleradamente al mismo tiempo en las dos ltimas dcadas. Coincidencia con un descenso muy brusco y rpido de la nupcialidad, que ha sido histricamente el principal procedimiento para crear la vida familiar. La reivindicacin de legitimidad de las "nuevas formas familiares".

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TRADITIONALISTS opinion The new family groups transmit less values than traditional family Psychologists and pedagogues reply: The transmission of educational values does not depend on the family model, but on the social situation and parents way of being Opinin de los TRADICIONALISTAS Los nuevos grupos familiares transmiten MENOS valores que la familia tradicional RESPUESTA de psiclogos y pedagogos la transmisin de valores educativos NO DEPENDE del modelo de familia sino de la situacin social y la forma de ser de los padres

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Relationships between parents and children Traditional relationship Present relationship Authoritary parents: relationship based on the obedience. Padres autoritarios: basan la relacin en la obediencia Parents are more communicative with children. Padres ms comunicativos con sus hijos Daughters received a different treatment within the family unit. Los padres daban un trato diferente a las hijas dentro del ncleo familiar Sons and daughters has got the same consideration within the family unit. Los hijos y las hijas tienen la misma consideracin dentro del ncleo familiar

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Present model of education RESEARCH Survey to parents about their childrens education Whose is the main responsibility of educating following generations? 78% Family 7% Teachers 3% Government In practice, some many families delegate it to teachers. Padres encuestados sobre la educacin de sus hijos En quin recae la principal responsabilidad de educar a la generacin siguiente? 78% Familia 7% Profesores 3% Estado En la prctica muchas familias delegan en los profesores. Source: The Spanish family faced with childrens education. Fundacin La Caixa, 2001.

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PARENTS: main responsible on their childrens education It is fundamental to establish an active relationship among parents and school To create that relationship there are associations of pupils parents (AMPAs) LOS PADRES los primeros responsables de la educacin de los hijos Es fundamental establecer una relacin activa entre los padres y la escuela Para mejorar esa relacin existen las Asociaciones de Padres y Madres de Alumnos (AMPAs)

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Some politicians have said that present youth is the best prepared in our history We can add that it is also the worst educated Algunos polticos han dicho que tenemos la juventud mejor preparada de nuestra historia Quizs se pudiera aadir que la peor educada Source: Iaki Iceta Olaizola, president of FEGUIAPA and UFEPA (Diario Vasco, 2002, October, 06)

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Think of you being a child and a teenager: would you say that your parents were worry about your education more than you are now about your childrens? 54% More than my parents 38% The same 6% Less than my parents Recordando su propia experiencia de cuando era nio y despus adolescente. Ud dira que sus padres se ocuparon de su educacin ms o menos de lo que Uds. dos se estn ocupando de su hijo? 54% piensa que se ocupa ms de la educacin 38% igual

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Do you have any kind of tradition to be transmitted to your children? 74% Yes 12% No 14% No answer Finalmente, el 74% manifiesta que tiene algn tipo de tradicin que transmitir a sus hijos 12% cree que no 14% NS/NC

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Those data change depending on parents level of studies less education INSECURITY We talk about people who have got humble social and cultural resources when facing their children education and who think their social environment is superior than them. Este dato cambia dependiendo del nivel de estudios de los padres Menor formacin INSEGURIDAD Personas con recursos socioculturales modestos de cara a la educacin de sus hijos en un medio social que piensan que los supera

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Changes in the Spanish family, reasons: Political changes Civil War Dictature of Franco End of the dictature and restoration of the monarchy Transition to democracy Guerra civil. Dictadura de Franco. Fin de la dictadura y restauracin de la monarqua. Transicin democrtica: entrada en la Unin Europea (1986).

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Legal changes Divorce laws, 1981, July, 7 Abortion laws, 1985 Recognition of parejas de hecho Family and welfare benefits Ley de Divorcio de 7 de julio de 1981. Ley del aborto, 1985 Aprobacin de las parejas de hecho. Prestaciones familiares y asistenciales

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Source: National Institute od Statistic Economic changes Economic recession after Spanish Civil War (1939-1955) From 1955 to 1965, increase thanks to the acceptance of Francos regime by other countries: new investments and foreign trade. Establishment of new basis for the present society Since 1975, incorporation to the new society Recesin econmica durante la posguerra espaola: 1939-1955. De 1955 a 1965 crecimiento debido a la aceptacin del rgimen franquista por otros pases, gracias a la inversin y comercio exterior. Se sientan las bases para la sociedad actual. De 1975 en adelante incorporacin a la sociedad de consumo.

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Social changes Traditionally, women never worked out of home, so they could take care of the family. Nowadays, they have reduced the amount of time dedicated to home and children because of their incorporation to the labour market Tradicionalmente la mujer no trabajaba fuera de casa para poder dedicarse a la familia. En la actualidad la mujer ha reducido el tiempo dedicado a la casa y a los nios debido a su incorporacin al mercado laboral.

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Source: National Institute of Statistic Women with high level of studies

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Source: surveys to young (age: 15 at 29). INJUVE-2001 Does a mother that works have the same relationship with her children that one that doesn't work?

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Fall in the birth-rate and reduction in the amount of members in a family Fall in the mortality rate due to sanity and a better education for health Desciende la natalidad y se produce una reduccin del nmero de miembros en la familia. Reduccin de la mortalidad debido a la sanidad y a una mayor educacin para la salud.

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Source: National Institute Statistic Traditionally, most of births happened within the marriage Nowadays, this rate keeps, but the amount of extramarital births is increasing: 10% in 1991 but 21,4% in 2002 Tradicionalmente la mayor parte de los nacimientos se daban en el seno del matrimonio. En la actualidad, esta situacin se mantiene, pero el nmero de nacimientos fuera del matrimonio va en aumento: ha pasado de ser un 10% en 1991 a duplicarse en el 2002 (21,4%)

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Source: survey to young (age: 15 at 29). INJUVE-2001 As for the religion, you are: Practising catholic..12,5 % Barely practising catholic 26,3 % No practising catholic ..31,3 % Believer of another religion...2,6 % Non believer ..15,2 % Indifferent 11,3 % No answer .0,8 %

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Freedom and equality have substituted traditional values such as authority and obedience, while destroying the basis of patriarchal family, making way to a new democratic family Equality between men and women, as well as the increase of freedom for all, have elevated the position of women and youth and brought Spanish families closer to European levels of life and coexistence La libertad y la igualdad han sustituido a los valores tradicionales de la autoridad y obediencia, destruyendo las bases de la familia patriarcal y dando paso a una nueva familia democrtica. La igualdad entre los hombres y las mujeres, as como el aumento de libertad para todos, ha elevado la posicin de las mujeres y de los jvenes y ha acercado a las familias espaolas a los niveles de vida y de convivencia europeos.

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Spanish family has to face with these main problems: Feeling of invading childrens freedom while trying to orientate or correct them Home violence: mistreatments to women and children School failure and truancy Extended unemployment, stress El sentimiento de invadir la libertad de los hijos al orientarles y corregirles. Violencia domstica: maltrato a la mujer y a los hijos. Fracaso escolar y absentismo. Desempleo prolongado. Estrs.

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Problems within the couple Problems while communicating with children Sex education Drugs, alcohol Anorexia Problemas de pareja. Problemas de comunicacin con los hijos. La educacin sexual. La droga. La anorexia.

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Family failure becomes apparent through: Fights, arguments, continuous humiliations Sufferings of every member Physical and/or sexual mistreatments to women or children Desertion, lack of interest about children Pampering and overprotection Peleas, discusiones y humillaciones continuas. Sufrimiento de todos los miembros. Maltrato fsico y / o sexual a la mujer o a los hijos. Abandono o desinters por los hijos. Mimo y sobreproteccin.

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Envy and jealousy Adults irresponsibility Bad example of parents consumer of alcohol or drugs Egoism Lack of mutual support in difficulties Celos y envidia. Irresponsabilidad de los adultos. Mal ejemplo de los padres o madres que beben o consumen droga. Egosmo. Falta de apoyo recproco en las dificultades.

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What to do? Dialogues: search agreements within the couple Support children Teach to face with problems without violence Insist on children to keep on studying or working Help children to find and choose right friends Teach to enjoy positively Buscar acuerdos con la pareja: dilogo. Apoyar a los hijos. Ensear a afrontar los problemas (sin violencia). Insistir para que los hijos sigan estudiando o trabajando. Ayudar a los hijos a escoger buenos amigos. Ensear a divertirse positivamente.

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PRESENT MODEL OF EDUCATION IN SPAIN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION Age: 0-6 years old Kind of education: voluntary Consists of two parts: from 0 to 3 years old, and from 3 to 6. The aim of this educational stage is favour childrens physical and personal development, and to compensate the inequalities existing among them. Se compone de dos ciclos: de 0 a 3 aos y de 3 a 6 aos La finalidad de esta etapa educativa es favorecer el desarrollo fsico y personal de los nios y nias y compensar las desigualdades que por diversas razones existan.

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PRIMARY EDUCATION Age: 6-12 years old Kind of education: compulsory Duration: six academic years, divided in three stages of two years each one. This is the first compulsory stage within the Spanish educational system, so every 6 year-old child must attend the school, even if he or she has not done the Preschool Education Esta es la primera etapa obligatoria del sistema educativo por lo que deben incorporarse a ella todos los nios de 6 aos independientemente de si han realizado o no la Educacin Infantil

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SECONDARY SCHOOL Age: 12-16 years old Kind of education: compulsory Duration: four academic years, divided in two stages of two years each one. When the pupil has satisfactorily finished the compulsory education and got the Diploma, has two chances: Access to the labour market Increase the education through post-compulsory studies: High School or professional training of medium level. Cuando el alumno finaliza satisfactoriamente su escolarizacin obligatoria y lo acredita con el ttulo de graduado, tiene dos opciones: Acceder al mercado de trabajo o ampliar su formacin mediante estudios postobligatorios: bachillerato o formacin profesional de grado medio

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HIGH SCHOOL Age: 16-18 years old Kind of education: voluntary Duration: two academic years. Organized into five different modalities: Arts, Sciences of Nature and Health, Humanities, Social Sciences and Scientific and Technological. High School should permit to acquire a human and intellectual maturity, as well as enough knowledge and habilities in order to develop the different social functions with responsibility and competency, giving access to the pupil to the high professional training or university studies. Se organiza en cinco modalidades: artes, ciencias de la naturaleza y de la salud, humanidades, ciencias sociales, y cientfico y tecnolgico. El Bachillerato debe permitir adquirir tanto una madurez intelectual y humana como los conocimientos y habilidades para desarrollar funciones sociales con responsabilidad y competencia, da acceso al alumno a la formacin profesional de grado superior y a los estudios universitarios.

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Preventive education Some violent behaviours, xenophobe or intolerant demonstrations, can be related to educational lacks. limited education in some periods of the child/teenager family and school must educate together during the Preschool period Avoiding conducts of social risk, the most effective way is the PREVENTIVE EDUCATION Algunos comportamientos violentos, manifestaciones xenfobas, intolerantes...pueden estar relacionadas con carencias educativas Escasa formacin en ciertas etapas del desarrollo del nio o del adolescente La familia y la escuela tienen que educar en la etapa infantil Para evitar conductas de riesgo social, la va ms efectiva es la EDUCACIN PREVENTIVA.

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Education is a continuous process, so preventive education should begin in the preschool period and be present during the whole life La educacin es un proceso continuo, por ello, la EDUCACIN PREVENTIVA DEBE COMENZAR EN LA ETAPA INFANTIL y DURANTE TODA LA VIDA

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Preventive education wants to: Prevent social problems through different programs and strategies Promote the reflexion and social debate To make people sensitive to the importance of having an education, in order to prevent further difficulties Prevenir problemas de ndole social a travs de distintos programas y estrategias. Fomentar el debate social y la reflexin. Sensibilizar a la poblacin de la importancia que tiene una educacin para prevenir futuras dificultades.

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So, we should... Implement several activities, integrating all the members from the different competence areas (science, culture, education...) Adapt contents, making them arrive to the destiny: young people Advise to the most vulnerable and those exposed to risks, providing some information to reduce them Schools of parents should fulfil an important task within this preventive work Hay que llevar a cabo actividades constantes, integrando tambin a todos los miembros de los mbitos de competencia (educacin, ciencia, cultura...). Adaptar los contenidos para que lleguen a los destinatarios: los jvenes. Asesorar a los ms vulnerables y expuestos a los riegos suministrndoles informacin para reducirlos. Las ESCUELAS DE PADRES pueden cumplir una funcin importante en esta labor preventiva

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The ideal image of a father or a mother Ministry of Education created a slogan saying PREPARED PARENTS = WINNER CHILDREN Parents must be aware of the meaning of the word education, to educate. The best educator is not the one who spends more time with children, but the one who establish a best relationship with them. Parents who know how to educate in a positive way, strengthening attitudes, behaviours, showing satisfaction. Un slogan del Ministerio de Educacin deca: PADRES PREPARADOS = HIJOS VENCEDORES Padres conscientes del significado de la palabra educacin, educar. No educa ms el que ms tiempo pasa con sus hijos, sino el que mejor relacin establece con ellos. Padres que sepan educar positivamente: reforzando actitudes, comportamientos, demostrando satisfaccin

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Parents who know how to educate within communication, tolerance, respect, honesty, how to transmit positive values. Parents who communicate among themselves reasoning Parents who educate their children individually, according to their personality, character, way of being. Padres que sepan educar en la comunicacin, tolerancia, respeto, honestidad, sinceridad, que en definitiva sepan transmitir valores positivos Padres que se comuniquen razonando Padres que eduquen individualmente a sus hijos, en funcin de su personalidad, su carcter, su forma de ser.

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Parents who have got certain psychological habilities in order to treat with their children and their problems. Parents who delegate responsibilities to their children and take into account their opinions. Padres que tengan ciertas habilidades psicolgicas a la hora de tratar a sus hijos y sus problemas. Padres que deleguen responsabilidades en sus hijos y que tengan en cuenta sus opiniones.

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Workshop It is a method based on an opened and dynamic methodology in which participants meet in groups in order to debate and express opinions about a topic. All the members in the workshop and the director work together to determinate the direction of the meetings, according to the groups needs. Es un mtodo basado en una metodologa abierta y dinmica en la que los participantes se renen en grupos para debatir y expresar puntos de vista sobre el tema a tratar. Los miembros del taller y su director trabajan juntos para determinar la direccin que tomarn las sesiones basndose en las necesidades del grupo.

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ADVANTAGES OF THIS METHODOLOGY It allows the participant to explore some ideas, designing then the sequence to be followed. The participant gets more involved in the training process because it is needed his collaboration, so there will be a higher motivation. The instructor, more than a communicator of knowledge, is a guide of learning experiences. Permite al participante explorar ideas, a partir de ah se disea cuidadosamente la secuencia a seguir El participante se implica ms en el proceso formativo ya que se requiere su colaboracin, lo que conlleva una mayor motivacin El instructor, ms que un comunicador de conocimientos, es un gua en las experiencias de aprendizaje

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Own methods to be used: Interviews Talks and debates with the parents participating in the project Talks and debates with the teachers participating in the project Workshops Studies on the bibliography that has been published about the topic Studies on the existing schools of parents and their programs Entrevistas Charlas y debates con los padres que participen en el proyecto Charlas y debates con los profesores que participen en el proyecto Worshops Estudio de la bibliografa publicada sobre el tema Estudio de las Escuelas de padres existentes y de sus programas

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Bibliography HERNNDEZ BERMEJO, M Angeles: La familia extremea en los tiempos modernos. Editorial Coleccin Historia n 8. Departamento de Publicaciones de la Diputacin de Badajoz. Badajoz. 1990. CARROBLES, Jos Antonio y PREZ-PAREJA, Javier: Escuela de Padres. Gua prctica para evitar problemas de conducta y mejorar el desarrollo infantil. Ediciones Pirmide. 2000. EDUCA, NO PEGUES. Editado por la Oficina del Defensor del Menor en la Comunidad de Madrid. Madrid. 2003.

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LACASA, Pilar: Familias y Escuelas. Caminos de la orientacin educativa. Visor, S.A. 1997. LPEZ-BARAJAS ZAYAS, Emilio: La familia en el tercer milenio. Universidad Nacional de Educacin a Distancia. Madrid. 1995. MARTNEZ MUIZ, B: La familia ante el fracaso escolar. Narcea, S.A. De Ediciones, Madrid. 1981.

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S. REHER, David: La familia en Espaa, pasado y presente. Alianza Universidad. Madrid. 1996. VELZQUEZ, Manuel y LOSCERTALES, Felicidad: Escuela de Padres. Manual Prctico. Ediciones Alfar. Sevilla. 1987. Sondeo de opinin: Relaciones familiares, ocio y tiempo libre, Igualdad hombre-mujer. INJUVE 2001

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www.zonapediatrica.comwww.nccintegrared.orgwww.huelvainformacion.eswww.ceapa.eswww.cibereduca.com/especial/articulos.htmwww.cyberpadres.comwww.educar.orgwww.mundopadres.comwww.aui.es/padres/ipadres.htmwww.solohijoswww.exponet.es/edufamwww.ciudadfutura.com/psico/articulos/mejores_padres.htmwww.preescolarnacasa.org/