education and grid services geoffrey fox professor of computer science, informatics, physics...
TRANSCRIPT
Education and Grid Services
Geoffrey FoxProfessor of Computer Science, Informatics, Physics
Community Grids LaboratoryPervasive Technology Laboratories
Indiana University Bloomington IN 47404
[email protected]://www.infomall.orghttp://www.grid2002.org
Some Players with Education Grid like Technologies IMS and ADL in the USA have set standards for some of the
special learning metadata structures CHEF (Michigan) and Colloquia (Bangor) are academic
groupware projects aimed at education• Access Grid from Argonne is Audio-Video conferencing
Sakai and OKI are Mellon Foundation projects implementing electronic learning capabilities
Blackboard and WebCT are popular (some places) academic e-learning support systems• Several inhouse efforts like OnCourse at Indiana
Docent, Topclass etc. are learning content management systems LCMS mainly selling to corporate training market
Centra, Interwise, Placeware, WebEx, GrooveNetworks are well known collaboration systems that might support distance learning/tutoring and participatory education
Grids in a Nutshell Grids are by definition the best of HPCC, Web Services, Agents,
Distributed Objects, Peer-to-peer networks, Collaborative environments
Grid applications are typically zero or one very large supercomputers, lots of conventional machines, with unlimited data and/or people supporting an electronic (virtual) community• Data sources and people are latency tolerant …• Multiple supercomputers (or clusters) on same Grid as in
TeraGrid/ETF largely for sharing of data and by people Grids are supported by Global Grid Forum, W3C, OASIS …
setting standards Grids are a “service oriented architecture” hiding irrelevant
details• Services are electronic resources communicating by messages• Message based architecture gives scalable loosely coupled
component model
Information/Knowledge Grids Distributed (10’s to 1000’s) of data sources (instruments,
file systems, curated databases …) Data Deluge: 1 (now) to 100’s petabytes/year (2012)
• Moore’s law for Sensors Possible filters assigned dynamically (on-demand)
• Run image processing algorithm on telescope image• Run Gene sequencing algorithm on compiled data
Needs decision support front end with “what-if” simulations
Metadata (provenance) critical to annotate data
Integrate across experiments as in multi-wavelength astronomy
Data Deluge comes from pixels/year available
Raw (HPC) Resources
Middleware
Database
PortalServices
SystemServices
SystemServices
SystemServices
Application Service
Libraries
UserServices
“Core”Grid
Typical Grid Architecture
Application Service
Application Service
Re-use
Re-use
ApplicationCustomization
Each service should beable to run independently on separate machines
Some Technical Issues All IT approaches support systems with multiple
capabilities• They often reveal and/or standardize interfaces
• They could be different method calls, Java classes, or Web/Grid service interfaces
We will ONLY use the word Service when interface can be efficiently accessed by messages with service as an isolated single service• Grids build systems from message-based services
Module A
Module B
Method Calls1 to 10 microseconds
Service A
Service B
Messages
10 to 1000 millisecond latency
Capabilities often called services even if NOT using a Service Oriented Architecture
Message-based or Method-based Method-based interfaces are most efficient but can only
be run in that fashion in a single monolithic implementation• One service with multiple ports • i.e. each interface might be accessed via message but
all capabilities need to be co-located• Technologies like Java RMI allow distributed objects
but requires serialization (often non trivial) and unclear if application supports performance loss
“Message-based services” support standards and distributed deployment with easy use of standards compliant services from different implementers.
Sakai
The University of Michigan, Indiana University, MIT, Stanford, and the uPortal consortium are joining forces to integrate and synchronize their considerable educational software into a pre-integrated collection of open source tools.
Sakai builds on OKI – Open Knowledge Initiative – interfaces These Open Service Interface Definitions were developed
outside the Grid process but appear to have overlaps with many Web service and Grid standards• Note OGSA-DAI, Security, Workflow, WS-Notification,
Grid monitoring, WebDAV overlaps Although they are called “services”, I think they are being
developed initially inside a (single) Java container Does not address real-time collaboration except for chat
Portals These are used rather inconsistently for
• A general term for the whole user experience with an interface to multiple capabilities
• Narrow specification of certain capabilities such as customization, server side support for web page generation, aggregation of document fragments (one per service), security
• Broad specification to include both user interface and services Note portals tend to be monolithic frameworks because that’s
how one used to build such things• Jetspeed and CHEF’s modification of it are both frameworks
Portals need to be broken up into distributed message based services for security, customization, layout, rendering• Shouldn’t invest too much in today’s frameworks although they have
some wonderful features However Portals do encourage “component” model for user
interfaces and so this fits service model so every service can be packaged with its (document fragment) user interface• So portlets are good even if containers primitive
OGCEOGCEConsortium
The OGCE Computing Grid Portal
• Provides Portlets for– Management of user proxy
certificates– Remote file Management via
Grid FTP– News/Message systems
• for collaborations– Grid Event/Logging service– Access to OGSA services – Access to directory services– Specialized Application Factory
access• Distributed applications• Workflow
– Access to Metadata Index tools• User searchable index
– Real Time Collaboration• Audio/Video Conferencing
OGCEOGCEConsortium
Example Capability: File Management
• Grid FTP portlet– Allow User to manage remote file spaces– Uses stored proxy for
authentication– Upload and download files– Third party file transfer
• Request that GridFTP server A send a file to GridFTP server B
• Does not involve traffic through portal server
Portal Server
User
GridFTPServer A GridFTP
Server B
GridFTPService
1 of many Portlets
Jetspeed
Education Grids Education Grids can be considered from at least two
points of view 1) Exploiting e-Science and other relevant research
government or business grids whose resources can be adapted for use in education• Opportunity to make education more “real” and to give
students an idea what scientific research is like 2) Support the virtual organization that is the teacher
and learner community• Actually this community is heterogeneous with teachers,
learners, parents, employers, publishers, informal education, university staff ….
Build the Education Grid as a Grid of Grids
Education Grid
Inservice TeachersPreservice TeachersSchool of Education Teacher Educator
Grids
Informal Education(Museum)
Grid
Student/Parent …Community Grid
Science GridsBioinformatics
Particle PhysicsEarth Science …….
Typical Science GridService such as ResearchDatabase or simulation
Transformed by Grid Filterto form suitable for education
Learning Managementor LMS Grid
Publisher Grid
Campus orEnterprise
AdministrativeGrid
Education as a Grid of Grids
DigitalLibrary
Grid
Education Grid of Grids Services in an Education Grid fall into three classes 1) Those that special to Education such as quiz (as in
IMS), learning plan or grading services 2) Those that are important but can be taken from
other Grids such as collaboration and security 3) Those that come from other Grids and are
refactored for education• The simulation is reduced in size
• The bioinformatics database interface is simplified
e-ScienceResource
Filter Education Grid View
of e-Science Resource
Education Grid
Database Database
ResearchSimulations
Analysis and VisualizationPortal
RepositoriesFederated Databases
Data Filter
Services
Field Trip DataStreaming Data
Sensors
?DiscoveryServices
SERVOGridResearch Education
CustomizationServices
From Research
to Education
EducationGrid ComputerFarm
Geoscience Research andEducation Grids
What to do?• Develop a planning grid of interested parties• Grow a teacher and teacher education grid
– This would largely be a community/collaboration Grid• Develop prototypes such as Quarknet separating science and teaching
side into separate grids– Develop interface/transformational material
• Note we do not try to make a single seamless grid but rather multiple federated grids– Use bittorrent not GridFTP (or rather transform between them)– Supply education compute resources on demand– Make a deal with Google for free searches
• Develop the online instruments, databases, web pages, physics-based games, simulations that are science grids with educational transforms– Videos and MP3’s of Scientists in action
• Develop collaborative whiteboards/ video/ imagery/ chats/ white-papers/ experts-on-demand that form a community grid– Instant Messenger, audio/video conferencing– Content annotation critical
• Develop a hub linking multiple education-transformed science grids together
Undergroundfilm.org is/will be a community grid for educational film makers(run by Community Grids Laboratory)
Has viewer evaluation of contentWill offer services such as transforming formats
Digital object archives for animation etc.
http://www.yafro.com supports digital camera images (as on modern cell phones) and builds
community around discussion of this
Community Grid A/V Conferencing
SIP H323 Access Grid Native XGSPAdmire
Gateways convert to uniform XGSP Messaging
High Performance (RTP)and XML/SOAP and ..
Media ServersFilters
Session ServerXGSP-based Control
NaradaBrokeringAll Messaging
Use Multiple Media servers to scale to many codecs and manyversions of audio/video mixing
NB Scales asdistributed
WebServices
NaradaBrokering
Summary Grids are inevitably important for Education Grid of Grids interesting way to build “new Grids” that might be
accepted by skeptical participants and enhance re-use IMS has set data but not many service standards
• Partial step to interoperability Sakai is building modern (probably wonderful) open e-learning
capabilities but appears not to be a Grid/WS standards compliant service architecture
Current academic/commercial systems are successful but monolithic Opportunity to build service-based Education Grid Infrastructure
interacting with broad community (from Grids to WS to Schools of Education) exploiting other Grids
Can build collaboration – A/V Conferencing, Shared applications, groupware – in Grid/WS architecture
Critical to build on Community Grids as popularized in P2P networks Can develop best practice and tools to allow e-Science grids to be linked
to education Can encourage use of component-based portals