educate the educator: awareness and sensitivity client’s basic human needs

Educate the Educator: Awareness and Sensitivity

Client’s Basic Human Needs

This module consists of 8 competencies with 2 competencies per PowerPoint slide presentation.

Each competency is divided into unit competencies with learning activities to help students master the competency.

Each learning activity is explained on the Module Outline and the resources are identified/described

Choose the learning activities that best meet your classroom needs.

Module Outline and Instructor Resources

Find these learning activities and resources on the website or create your own.

The Course Outline also has documents that the instructor can use in teaching the lesson.

These competencies are listed on the course outline and module competencies and instructor notes will be addressed throughout the remainder of the power point.

Module Outline and Instructor Resources

• Describe the major stages of human development and the basic health needs of humans.

• Describe the needs of clients across the lifespan and how those needs can affect behaviors and attitudes.

• Describe the types of emotional, spiritual, mental health and social needs of clients and their families.

Module Competencies

• Explain how different diseases can influence the functioning, behaviors, and attitudes of individuals including dementia/Alzheimer’s disease.

• Describe selected client service strategies including customer service, their impact on quality client care and the importance of client participation in group/family activities.

Module Competencies

• Define the stages and processes of death and dying and the influence those stages have on clients and their families.

• Describe selected client service strategies including customer service, their impact on quality client care and the importance of client participation in group/family activities.

Module Competencies

• Define the stages and processes of death and dying and the influence those stages have on clients and their families.

• Describe how to care for the clients’ environment.

• Using a problem solving process applied to healthcare situations, describe how healthcare workers can be aware and sensitive to their clients’ need/behaviors.

Module Competencies

Competency 3

Describe the types of emotional, spiritual, mental health and social needs of

clients and their families.

• Define family.• List five functions of family.• Describe family influence on healthcare.• Describe emotional needs of clients and their families.• Describe spiritual needs of clients and their families.• Describe mental health issues of clients and their families.• Describe social needs of clients and their families.

Competency 3

The family is a haven in a heartless world.

~Christopher Lasch

Families are like fudge – mostly sweet with a few nuts

~Author Unknown

Call it a clan, call it a network, call it a tribe, call it a family. Whatever you call it, whoever you are, you need one.

~Jane Howard

Family Quotes to Ponder

When discussing family, the question that must be asked is, “What is family?”

• “Basic social unit or system of two or more persons who are joined by bonds of sharing and emotional closeness and who identify themselves as being a part of the family”.

• Characterized by intimacy, emotional intensity, and persistence over time. • Basic unit of care in the community; Two or more people who have chosen to live

together and share their interests, roles, and resources.

Define Family

Friedman, M.M. (1998); Juliar, K. (2003)

Individuals /families define what family is for them.

Family is a system or unit.

Family members may or may not be related, live together, have children.

Family is a commitment and attachment among unit members that includes future obligation.

Family unit care-giving functions consist of protection, nourishment, and socialization of its members.

Define Family

Who is family?

Families come in many different types, colors and make-ups.• Nuclear Family• Nuclear Dyad• Single Parenting Family• Cohabiting Family• Step Family• Extended Family• Multi-Generational Family• Communal Family• Foster Family• Skip-Generation Family

Define Family

Recommended Content

• The main functions of the family include developing a sense of family purpose and affiliation, adding and socializing new members, and providing and distributing care and services to its members

• A healthy family organizes its members and resources in meeting family goals; it functions in harmony, working toward shared goals

Functions of Family

Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2008)

1. Growth and development of its members

2. Protection

3. Nurturance

4. Reproduction

5. Recreation

6. Socialization and Education

6 Functions of Family

Economic Function or provide for Growth & Development:

The economic resources needed by the family are secured by the adult members; may receive assistance from government programs, extended family/friends or religious and/or community organizations.

Protective Function:

Family protects physical health of its members by providing adequate nutrition, home, health care services, immunizations, use of car seats, helmets, fire alarms, etc. for safety from and prevention of injuries and illnesses.

Functions of Family

Nurturance

Provide unconditional love and affection, acceptance and emotional support, and companionship.

Family’s ability to meet physical and psychological needs of its members.

Reproductive Function

Process of individuals having children and creating new families.

People have options of whether to have children or not and do not need to be married to have children.

May be same-sex couples or single parent .

Functions of Family

RecreationFamily determines the types and frequency of leisure activities.

Educational and Socialization Function

Family is first socializing agent for teaching children society’s expectations and limitations.

Family is responsible for ensuring children get a formal education.

Family assists children’s adaptation to community’s and societal norms-teach rules, laws, expectations.

Functions of Family


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• To promote health, one must understand the health beliefs of individuals and families.

• Health beliefs may reflect a lack of information or misinformation about health and disease. They may include folklore and practices from different cultures. It is the family that decides about the health or illness of its members and when to seek healthcare.

Family Influence on Healthcare

Cooley, M. L.(2009)

Families may be the first to recognize illness in its members.

Families also determine the following:• Whether to seek treatment• What type of treatment is appropriate• Who would provide that treatment or care• Where the treatment should be provided


Cooley, M. L.(2009)

Recommended Content

The emotional needs of a client and/or their family members might be:• The need for available support from the various healthcare team members• Having conversations that are appropriate only to the situation• Maintaining accurate information• Recognizing that the patient/client has an array of emotions when dealing with a

medical situation


Recommended Content

As with all areas of a client/patient’s life, respect of a person’s spiritual beliefs/practices are critical. It is important to make sure that students are aware of the need for respect, especially in areas that they may not understand.

A client/patient’s spiritual needs might include the availability of a religious clergy. For example:

Rabbi, Priest, Imam, Native American Tribal Chief, Chaplin, Pastor, Spiritual Director

Spiritual Needs

Recommended Content

When a person is dealing with health issues not only are there emotional and

spiritual needs, as the previous slides discussed, there are also mental health

issues to be aware of and sensitive to.

The curriculum lists the following as mental health issues that the patient might be

dealing with depression, avoidance, anger, fear and isolation.

Mental Health Issues

Every patient and their family members have they own way of dealing with health issues. Defense mechanisms within a patient/client are common.

The defense mechanisms include:• Denial• Projection• Enable• Suppression• Rationalization


Having introduced to the students some of the mental health issues and defensive mechanisms of a patient/client, it is important to discuss coping strategies that are available to the patient/client.

Some things to keep in mind are:

• Family’s ability to deal with the stress of the illness depends on the family’s coping skills. If good communication skills, the family is better able to discuss how they feel about the illness & how it impacts family functioning.

• Social support networks provide strength, encouragement, & services to the family during the illness



Some successful coping strategies are:

• Relaxation techniques such as massage, visualization, reflexology• Prioritization – do the tasks that are only important and need to be done• Time management – control your time, life, stress and energy levels• Self-Care – get plenty of sleep, eat a healthy diet, exercise, read a good book


Recommended Content

Just as all people have social needs, patients/clients are no different.

Social needs of a patient/client include:• Being included in activities such as a book club, a game of bridge• Having an active role in their own care• Participating in their own care conferences• Attending support groups, if possible

Social Needs

Assignments Resources Notes

AS Competency #3: Making Sense of Mental Health-Past and Present

Assignment on website This is an assignment from the National Institute of Health on the history of mental health

AS Competency #3: Mental Health

Assignment on website Students reflect on 3 YouTube videos on actual mental health patients

Competency 3: Emotional, Spiritual, Mental Health, and Social Needs

Recommended Learning Activities

Competency 4

Explain how different diseases influence the functioning, behaviors, and attitudes of individuals including dementia/Alzheimer’s disease.

Two units and learning activities round out the learning for this fourth competency:• Describe how chronic illness affects individual coping and behaviors• Describe how acute illness affects coping and behaviors.

Competency 4

Recommended Content

Health problem of long duration in which the disease shows little or no change or slowly gets worse.

Affect a person’s ability to meet their need for self-actualization.

Includes stressors that impact the client and their family.

Chronic Illness

Stressors that impact the patient and their family are:

• Emotional- stress over a period of time can lead to other chronic conditions (depression)

• Physical-depending on the body systems that are affected by illness, this may be a major stressor to the family and client (chronic pain, limited mobility)

• Social- as the client may be isolated from peers and others

• Financial- healthcare costs impact the client’s financial resources or in some cases their ability to work for resources

Chronic Illness

Recommended Content

Although acute illness is by nature short-lived, it can be a crisis and stress families, especially if it involves hospitalization; it can impact families’ financial and time resources

It is important for the healthcare worker to realize that the person in crisis may act in ways that are not his/her normal behavior, because he/she feels a loss of control due to the illness

Many of the stressors for chronic illness may still apply to acute illness.

Acute Illness

At this point in the module, the curriculum asks the instructors to discuss with the students the following:

• Discuss the impact of Dementia/Alzheimer’s on the client and their loved ones

• Discuss appropriate behavior modification for those suffering from Dementia/Alzheimer’s

• Recognize personal feelings when providing care to clients with Dementia/Alzheimer’s

Acute Illness

Assignments Resources Notes

AS Competency #4: Coping with Alzheimer’s Part 1

Assignment on website Students watch the movie, “Forgetting” and focus on the difficulties that arise in caring for a loved one with Alzheimer’s and the coping strategies that caregivers and family members must make.

Competency 4: Influences of Diseases

Recommended Learning Activities

All Psych & Heffner Media Group,Inc. (2003). Psychology 101: Personality development. Retrieved from http://allpsych.com/psychology101/development.html

Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2008). Concepts of growth & development. In A. Berman, S.J. Snyder, B. Kozier, & G. Erb (Eds.). Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of nursing: Concepts, process, and practice (8th ed.) (pp. 428-441). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

Cooley, M. L.(2009). A family perspective in community/public health nursing. In F. Maurer & C. Smith (Eds.). Community/public health nursing practice: Health for families and populations (4th ed.) (pp. 327-344). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Friedman, M.M. (1998). Family nursing: Theory & Practice (3rd ed.). Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange

References

Juliar, K. (2003). Minnesota Healthcare Core Curriculum (2nd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Publishers

Maurer, F., & Smith, C. (2009). Community/public health nursing practice: Health for families and populations (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Ramon, P.R. & Niedringhaus, D. M. (2008). Life span development. Fundamental nursing care (2nd ed.) (pp. 197-223). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Person Prentice Hall

Wright, L.M. & Leahey, M. (2009). Nurses and families: A guide to family assessment and intervention (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis

References

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educate the educator: awareness and sensitivity client’s basic human needs

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