SPECIAL SECTION ON INDUSTRY 4.0

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2704758

EDITORIAL

Industry 4.0: A Special Section in IEEE Access

Industry 4.0 can be said to be the current trend of automa-tion and data exchange in manufacturing technologies.Originally, the term ‘‘Industrie 4.0’’ is from a project in thehigh-tech strategy of the German government, which hopeto promote the computerization of manufacturing. Usuallyinvolves terms like cyber-physical systems, Internet of things,amd cloud computing. For now, Industry 4.0 becomes anemerging buzzword that is gaining significant interest amongall stakeholders of the global industry-related R&D marketfrom academia to international companies. It is a new busi-ness model attracting much interest, yet the definitions arenot very matured and is an amazing melting pot of disruptivetechnologies. No doubt, to maximize the impact of Indus-try 4.0, researchers from different fields and industry haveto work together applying the new technologies in practice.On the top of the wave, it is timely to analyze the cross sectionwho can benefit from the novel achievements of Industry 4.0.

With defining the scope of the Special Section, we alsomake an attempt to grasp the main directions within Industry4.0. Arbitrary mixtures of related topics are given to call forpapers, like utilization of the latest mechatronics in man-ufacturing processes, extensive data collection and storage,big data analytics, feedback to industrial processes, supportof resources, new challenges of security, etc. Of course, inthose contents, it may involve automation or the so-call cyberphysical systems, system modeling through intelligent tech-niques, real-time process optimization, among others. Afterrigorous but fast peer-review processes, 10 papers have beenaccepted. Among those, two are survey papers. The first paperis an invited article by Trappey et al., ‘‘A review of tech-nology standards and patent portfolios for enabling cyber-physical systems in advanced manufacturing.’’ This paperprovides consolidated review of the latest Cyber-PhysicalSystems (CPS) literature, standards, and patent portfoliosanalysis. It provides a basis for predicting research and devel-opment about future trends and helps policy makers man-age technology changes resulting from CPS in Industry 4.0.The other one, ‘‘Database- assisted television white spacetechnology: challenges, trends and future research direc-tions,’’ by Anabi et al., is to present a tutorial review ofthe challenges related to database-assisted Television whitespace (TVWS) networks using the SLEPT (social, legal,economic, political, and technological) analysis frameworkto provide current trends and future research directions in theTVWS context.

Several papers are about techniques in different researchareas. ‘‘Real-time near-optimal scheduling with rolling hori-zon for automatic manufacturing cell,’’ by Hsu and Yang,presents position-based optimization methods to scheduleproduction of automatic cells of a wheel manufacturing fac-tory in a real-time manner. In addition, an original schedulecan be partial rescheduled with the preset order sequence byusing the linear programming model. ‘‘Enhanced industrialmachinery condition monitoring methodology based on nov-elty detection and multi-modal analysis,’’ by Carino et al.,proposes a condition-based monitoring scheme applied toindustrial machinery. The effectiveness of this novel schemehas been verified in an automotive industry machine. Thereis also one paper considering energy efficiency. Authoredby Xu and Chang, ‘‘A feasible architecture for ARM-basedmicroserver systems considering energy efficiency,’’ pro-poses a novel architecture for ARM-based server systemsand an ARM-based server cluster board is physically built.The proposed energy-saving server designs with low-powerprocessors are suitable for relative applications in the comingera of Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things. ‘‘Intelligentcomputer-aided processing planning of multi-axis CNC tap-ping machine,’’ by Sun and Chen, develops an intelligentcomputer-aided process planning based on two performancemeasures: manufacturability and efficiency. It realizes theIndustry 4.0 readiness by developing a realistic and practicalCNC computer- aided process planning intelligence kernel.In ‘‘Pose determination of a robot manipulator based onmonocular vision,’’ by Kuo et al., based on the kinemat-ics of the manipulator and a calibrated camera, the poseof the manipulator can be determined. The approach canbe treated as a backup method for providing a referencesolution.

Other papers accepted are about using intelligent tech-niques in modeling. ‘‘Artificial neural network for diffractionbased overlay measurement,’’ by Kuo and Faricha, describesthe effect of grating targets with side wall angles on asymme-try in intensity and proposes a method using artificial neuralnetworks for enhancing the accuracy of grating displacementoffset prediction in the intelligent nanolithography processcontrol for producing advanced semiconductor fabricationnodes. ‘‘Industrial time series modelling by means of theneo-fuzzy neuron,’’ by Zurita et al., applies a neo-fuzzy neu-ron method in industrial time series modeling. The obtainedresults indicate the suitability of the neo-fuzzy neuronmethod

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for industrial process modeling. Finally, ‘‘Linewidth recon-struction employing a radial basis function network in opticalscatterometry,’’ by Kuo et al., applies a radial basis functionnetwork in coherent Fourier scatterometry to reconstruct theline width of periodic line/space patterns. The nice resultsrevealed the potential to implement the radial basis learningkernel in optical metrology to achieve intelligent lithography.

IEEE Access is an award-winning, multidisciplinary,all-electronic archival journal, continuously presenting theresults of original research or development across all ofIEEE’s fields of interest. Because of its open access nature,this Special Section is freely accessible to the readers allover the world. Researchers, engineers and all representativesof academia and industry can learn new lessons about theprogress of Industry 4.0 in a form, which is somewherebetween the sharply focused research papers and the skin-deep magazine style. It is a very hot topic, because billions ofpublic and private funding is available for industrial innova-tion naturally related to Industry 4.0. We sincerely hope withthis Special Section, researchers can find some interestingbreakthroughs in their research.

Shun-Feng SuNational Taiwan University of Science and Technology,

Taiwan

Imre J. RudasÓbuda University, Hungary

Jacek M. ZuradaUniversity of Louisville, USA

Meng Joo ErNanyang Technology University, Singapore

Jyh-Horng ChouNational Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences,

Taiwan

Daeil KwonUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology,

Korea

SHUN-FENG SU (S’89–M’91–SM’05–F’10) received the B.S. degree fromNational TaiwanUniversity, Taiwan, in 1983, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Purdue University,West Lafayette, IN, USA, in 1989 and 1991, respectively, all in electrical engineering.He is currently a Chair Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, National

Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan. He has authored over 200 refereedjournal and conference papers in the areas of robotics, intelligent control, fuzzy systems,neural networks, and non-derivative optimization. His current research interests include com-putational intelligence, machine learning, virtual reality simulation, intelligent transportationsystems, smart home, robotics, and intelligent control. He is a CACS Fellow.Dr. Su is very active in various international/ domestic professional societies. He is

currently the President of the International Fuzzy Systems Association. He is also in theBoard of Governors of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society and act as theYoung Professionals Subcommittee Chair. He also serves as a Board Member of various

academic societies. He also acted as the General Chair, the Program Chair, or various positions for many international anddomestic conferences. He currently serves as an Associate Editor of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS, the IEEETRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, and the IEEE ACCESS, a Subject Editor (Electrical Engineering) of the Journal of theChinese Institute of Engineers, and the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Fuzzy Systems.

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IMRE J. RUDAS (M’91–SM’93–F’02) received the degree from Bánki Donát Polytechnic,Budapest, in 1971, and the master’s degree in mathematics from Eötvös Loránd University,Budapest, the Ph.D. degree in robotics from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1987,the Doctor of Science degree from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 2004, andthe Doctor Honoris Causa degree from the Technical University of KoŽice, Slovakia, thePolytechnica University of Timisoara, Romania, Óbuda University, and the Slovak Universityof Technology, Bratislava. He received the Honorary Professor title of theWroclawUniversityof Technology in 2013.He served as the President of Budapest Tech from 2003 to 2010. He was the Founder of

Óbuda University, the successor of Budapest Tec and was elected as the first President inthe period 2010–2014. He served as the President of the Hungarian Rector’s Conference anda member of the European University Association in 2008. He is currently active as a FullUniversity Professor.

He is currently the Head of the Steering Committee of the University Research and Innovation Center. He has been thePresident of the Central European Living Laboratory for Intelligent Robotics since 2014.

Dr. Rudas is a Senior AdComMember of the Industrial Electronics Society, where he served as a Vice-President from 2000to 2001. He was elected as the Vice-President for membership and student activities in the IEEE System,Man and CyberneticsSociety from 2015 to 2016. He is the Senior Past Chair of the IEEE Hungary Section.

He served the International Fuzzy System Association as the Vice-President and a Treasurer for seven years. He had beenthe President of the Hungarian Fuzzy Association for ten years. He had been the Vice-President of the Hungarian Academyof Engineers for four years.

He serves as an Associate Editor of some scientific journals, including the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIALELECTRONICS, a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence, the Editor-in-Chief ofthe Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, and a member of various national and international scientific committees. He is the Founderof the IEEE International Conference Series on Intelligent Engineering Systems, the IEEE International Conference onComputational Cybernetics, the IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics, since 2000,the IEEE International Symposium on Machine Intelligence and Informatics, since 2003, the IEEE International Symposiumon Intelligent Systems and Informatics, since 2003, the IEEE International Symposium onApplied Computational Intelligenceand Informatics, since 2004, and the IEEE International Symposium on Logistics and Industrial Informatics, since 2007.He has served as the General Chair and the Program Chair of numerous scientific international conferences.

His present areas of research activities are computational cybernetics, robotics, cloud robotics, Internet of Anything, softcomputing, fuzzy control, and fuzzy sets. He has edited and/or authored three books, authored over 800 papers in internationalscientific journal, conference proceedings and book chapters, and received over 2000 citations.

JACEK M. ZURADA (LF’14) received the degree from the Gdansk Institute of Technology,Poland, and the Ph.D. degree. He currently serves as a Professor of Electrical and ComputerEngineering with the University of Louisville, Kentucky. He has authored or co-authoredseveral books and over 390 papers in computational intelligence, neural networks, machinelearning, rule extraction, and bioinformatics, and delivered over 100 invited talks in Mexico,Chile, The Netherlands, China, India, Singapore, Turkey, Hong Kong, Hungary, Germany,Malaysia, Poland, and Italy. His work has been cited over 10 500 times (Google Scholar).Dr. Zurada served as the IEEE Vice-President, Technical Activities (TAB Chair), in 2014.

He also chaired the IEEE TAB Strategic Planning Committee in 2016, the IEEE TABPeriodicals Committee from 2010 to 2011, and the TAB Periodicals Review and AdvisoryCommittee from 2012 to 2013. He was the Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON

NEURAL NETWORKS from 1997 to 2003, an Associate Editor of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON

CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, NEURAL NETWORKS, and a member of the Editorial Board of theProceedings of the IEEE. From 2004 to 2005, he served as the President of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society.He is a Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Society.

He is a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He has been a Board Member of the IEEE, the IEEE CIS, and theIJCNN. He received numerous distinctions, including the 2013 Joe Desch Innovation Award, the 2015 INNS Fellow, the 2015UofL Distinguished Service Award, and five honorary professorships. He is an Associate Editor of the Neurocomputing, andseveral other journals.

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MENG JOO ER is currently a Full Professor in electrical and electronic engineering withNanyang Technological University, Singapore. He served as the Founding Director of theRenaissance Engineering Programme and an elected member of the NTU Advisory Boardfrom 2009 to 2012. He served as a member of the NTU Senate Steering Committee from2010 to 2012.He has authored five books Dynamic Fuzzy Neural Networks: Architectures, Algorithms

and Applications (McGraw Hill, 2003), Engineering Mathematics with Real-World Applica-tions (McGraw Hill, 2005), Theory and Novel Applications of Machine Learning (In-Tech,2009), New Trends in Technology: Control, Management, Computational Intelligence andNetwork Systems (SCIYO), and New Trends in Technology: Devices, Computer, Communica-tion and Industrial Systems (SCIYO), 18 book chapters, and over 500 refereed journal andconference papers in his research areas of interest.Dr. Er received the Web of Science Top 1% Best Cited Paper in 2007 and the Elsevier Top

20 Best Cited Paper Award in 2008. In recognition of the significant and impactful contributions to Singapore’s developmentby his research projects, He received the Institution of Engineers, Singapore (IES) Prestigious Engineering AchievementAward in 2011 and 2015. He is also the only dual winner in Singapore IES Prestigious Publication Award in Applicationin 1996 and the IES Prestigious Publication Award in Theory in 2001. Under his leadership, the NTU Team emerged firstrunner-up in the Freescale Technology Forum Design Challenge 2008. He received the Teacher of the Year Award for theSchool of EEE in 1999, the School of EEE Year 2 Teaching Excellence Award in 2008, the Most Zealous Professor of theYear Award in 2009, and the Outstanding Mentor Award in 2014. He also received the Best Session Presentation Award atthe World Congress on Computational Intelligence in 2006 and the Best Presentation Award at the International Symposiumon Extreme Learning Machine 2012. On top of this, he has over 60 awards received at international and local competitions.

He serves as the Editor-in-Chief of the Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence and the InternationalJournal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Telecommunications. He also serves as an Area Editor of theInternational Journal of Intelligent Systems Science and an Associate Editor of 14 refereed international journals, namely,the IEEE TRANSACTION ON CYBERNETICS, INFORMATION SCIENCES, the Neurocomputing, the Asian Journal of Control, theInternational Journal of Fuzzy Systems, ETRI Journal, the International Journal of Humanoid Robots, the InternationalJournal of Modelling, Simulation and Scientific Computing, the International Journal of Applied Computational Intelligenceand Soft Computing, the International Journal of Business Intelligence and Data Mining, the International Journal of Fuzzyand Uncertain Systems, the International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology, and the International Journal ofIntelligent Information Processing, and an Editorial Board Member of the Open Automation and Control Systems Journaland the EE Times.

He has been invited to deliver over 60 keynote speeches and invited talks overseas. He has also been active in professionalbodies. He has served as the Chairman of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society (CIS) Singapore Chapter from 2009to 2011 and the Chairman of the IES Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technical Committee from 2004 to 2006 andfrom 2008 to 2012. Under his leadership, the IEEE CIS Singapore Chapter received the CIS Outstanding Chapter Award2012 (The Singapore Chapter is the first chapter in Asia to receive the award). In recognition of his outstanding contributionsto professional bodies, he received the IEEE Outstanding Volunteer Award (Singapore Section) and the IES Silver Medalin 2011. Due to his outstanding contributions in education, research, administration, and professional services, he is listed inWho’s Who in Engineering, Singapore, Edition 2013.

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JYH-HORNG CHOU (SM’04–F’15) received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in engineering sci-ence from National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, in 1981 and 1983, respectively,and the Ph.D. degree in mechatronic engineering from National Sun Yat-sen University,Kaohsiung, Taiwan, in 1988. He is currently the Chair Professor with the Electrical Engi-neering Department, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Taiwan. He hasco-authored four books, and authored over 285 refereed journal papers. He also holds sixpatents. His research and teaching interests include intelligent systems and control, computa-tional intelligence and methods, automation technology, robust control, and robust optimiza-tion. He was a recipient of the 2011 Distinguished Research Award from the National ScienceCouncil of Taiwan, the 2012 IEEE Outstanding Technical Achievement Award from the IEEETainan Section, the 2014 Distinguished Research Award from the Ministry of Science andTechnology of Taiwan, the Research Award and the Excellent Research Award from theNational Science Council of Taiwan 12 times, and numerous academic awards/honors from

various societies. Based on the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society (IEEE CIS) evaluation, his Industrial ApplicationSuccess Story has got the 2014 winner of highest rank, thus being selected to become the first internationally industrial successstory being reported on the IEEE CIS website. He is a fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology, the ChineseAutomatic Control Society, the Chinese Institute of Automation Engineer, and the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers.

DAEIL KWON (M’07) received the bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering fromPOSTECH, South Korea, and the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Universityof Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. He was a Senior Reliability Engineer with IntelCorporation, Chandler, AZ, USA, where he developed use condition-based reliability modelsand methodologies for assessing package and system reliability performance. He is currentlyan Assistant Professor of Human and System Engineering with the Ulsan National Instituteof Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea. His research interests are focused onprognostics and health management of electronics, reliability modeling, and use conditioncharacterization.

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