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e experimenward bendingent investigaon process wture is inclin

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at the waterlime profile ath to 1 meteccumulation onitor the lothe rubble aSeveral paraulus, ice denmmary of the waterline ain ice rubble buoyancy. e load but noof collapse

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1

RCTIC OFFIGATION O

Wenjun Lu2,

AY, E-mail: astal Technolversity of Scid@ntnu.no, WRMANY, Em

eraction betwconducted inerent mechann a vertical staterline and rtically dividine and the lo

as the 3D strer with two tr

process. A tocal waterlineaccumulated ameters are nsity, ice velohe main expeice load is le amount. AFor the sele

ot the waterlievents. Inc

tures can gethe level ice bble ice acche accumulaseveral ice in

ures

2010) have scal structurease they have

g, Lisbon, Ju

FSHORE STOF LEVEL

Basile Bonn

Nicolas.serrelogy (SAMCence and TecWenjun.lu@mail: Evers@

ween level icen April 2012nical processtrain plane (2promotes a dded in threeoad from theructure and transparent Ltactile sensoe ice loads. Don the strucvaried: stru

ocity. erimental resoscillating

A lower ice dcted aspect rine load. Thecreased buoy

enerally be ris promoted

cumulating ated rubble interaction sce

shown that the caused a sue studied.

uly 2014

TRUCTUREICE ACTIO

nemaire1, Kar

e@multiconsoT), Centre chnology, NO

@ntnu.no @hsva.de

e and an arct in the largees contributi

2D interactiodownward be sections ale accumulatetwo-dimensio

Lexan plates r is installedDuring each cture are meaucture width

sults from thand affected

density increaratios, a doube rubble is suyancy forces

reduced by d. The downunder the iice has beenenarios, for i

he rubble acurcharge eff

ES (RITAS)ON

rl-Ulrich Eve

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for ResearchORWAY, E

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designing tnward breakiincoming len acknowledinstance:

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structure f HSVA. e action.

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be computeCroasdale et

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ge ice tank awater sectionriage that weof 50 kN.

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4

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43 58.2 53

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test matrix of

Test # Test series 10

X110

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0 Buoyancy

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Pushing bu

Pushing buPushing buSinking buTilting bu

Pushing buSinking buTilting buPushing bwith roof, Sinking buPushing bwith roof,start Sinking buPushing bwith roof,start Sinking bu

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5

s given in Ta

. Level ice in

Ice d, or 4)

speed

steps: interaice from the

le 4. Buoyan

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buoyancy boe sensor me

est 2210). uoyancy box

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able 3.

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drift length

15 - 17

14 10

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action with le interaction,

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x 10 m into thx 10 m into thx

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sts

(m) Carri

0.04

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2

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Velocity (m/s)

0.045 (0.2 in 2210)

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6

ucture

given in Fignt test runs.

open water ted before reacpanel (LC3)t) were defiest run 5130.

a) starboard ne: horizonta

plotted versufor LC3, but

as a function LC3 load (cr

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g, Lisbon, Ju

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sub-structural tangential

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7

ad (sum of boeparated and

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function of icn a) panel LC

ox

the level ice

e inclined plaaccumulated

blocks along

mulation unde

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ice density, and Figure

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ice thicknes6 b) for the sts with the s

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)

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el (LC1) and

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d porosity

the buoyanmacro-porosit

bble porosityox (at waterl

Table 5. Res

Test #

box in open w

box in open w0 kg weights 1220 2220

added 40 kg) added 40 kg) 5220 5241 5251 5261

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of the meas estimated t

rubble + leveel ice. Black tests with ba

ncy measuremty of the sub

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sults from bu

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water

/B g

User Meeting

8

uoyancy boxaterline and nd composedr with the l

vel ice is givele 5. A smallasured volumto 0.03 m3.

el ice into thdashed lines

ase case thick

ments are prb-surface rub

volume of iceg the back p

uoyancy mea

ubmerged boweight (N)

-600

-940.9

-277.2 -187.6 -173.1 -560.8 -210.4 -469.3 -345.5 -265.2

w i

r i w

V

V

g, Lisbon, Ju

x is measuredresting again

d of water anlevel ice volen in Figure l quantity of me of rubble

he box, as a fus are high thikness (43 – 4

resented in Tbble accumul

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asurements o

ox Buoyan(N)

-

323412768380390131255335

r LIV V

uly 2014

d from the unst the back d ice. lume in func7. The volum

f ice escaped e are caused

function of thickness and E

47 mm) and v

Table 5 togeated under th

e + water), Vthe box buo

f the buoyan

ncy Ice volu

00000000

underwater vwall of the b

nction of theme of ice intfrom the bo

d by uncert

he penetratioE module tesvelocity (0.04

ether with ththe level ice

VLI is the voluoyancy, g is

ncy box

rubble ume (m3)

-

-

0.35 0.46 0.40 0.62 0.41 0.13 0.25 0.37

videos and isbox) and ice

e penetrationto the box at

ox during theainty of the

n of the sts (4210, 45 m/s).

he computedis computed

( 2)

ume of levels the gravity

Porosity

-

-

0.26 0.27 0.21 0.39 0.25 0.38 0.26 0.32

s e

n t e e

d d

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ce load

pical exampancy box is return to 0 bnce) the mag

4. DISC

ature of the

loads panelsce ice intera

ributions. Ho affected byls are more re further discas "rubble lo

eparated vs.

waterline loact ratio strucgurations. T

3D effects tenrubble load, ook more timemode than i

meter for the

ffect of ice p

waterline acking componic foundatione ice breakinn general ththe interactioponent, but bubmerging odirect effect red to push t

he HYDRALA

ple of the togiven in Fig

between the gnitude of the

Figure

CUSSION

e load measu

s measured action proceowever the uy the ice breelated to the cussion, the

oads".

. joint struct

ad was not ture width ohis indicatesnd to have a on the other e to reach stin the separadeterminatio

properties

ction increasnent is oftenn, and if so thng componenhe ice densityon process.

because of thf the accumuof decreasin

the ice down

AB IV Joint U

otal ice load gure 8 (test ru

peaks. In ale peaks incre

e 8. Total ice

ured on LC1

different comess is complupper LC1 paaking and sisub-surface loads from L

tures (0° hea

much affectover ice thicks that the strulimited effechand, was afteady-state aated mode. Ion of ice rub

sed with incn consideredhen increasinnt. y was the iceIts effect o

he two of theulated rubbleng ice densitnwards. A sec

User Meeting

9

d on the tactun 5210). Thll tests excepeased during

e load on tac

1 and LC3

mponents oflex and the anels monitoinking proceaccumulatio

LC1 will be

ading)

ted by the stkness is 66 auctures are wct. ffected by th

and more rubIt seems thatbble load as l

creasing ice d to result frng ice thickn

e property thon the watere other compe. Both will ity is the incrcond effect m

g, Lisbon, Ju

tile sensor ahe time seriept test run 2the interacti

tile sensor, t

f the ice loasegmented

or the load coess, while thon and clearin

referred as

tructure conand 33 respe

wide with reg

he structure cbble accumut the volumeong as the ru

thickness hi

rom an elastness and incre

hat had the mrline load wponents, the increase withrease of the may be the d

uly 2014

applied on thes is compose2210 (high von.

est run 5210

ad. The strucpanels cannontribution ae load moning processes"waterline ic

figuration, sectively for tgards to the i

onfigurationulated in frone of accumulubble is float

i and Youngtic-plastic/breasing stiffne

most pronouas not becausubmerging

h decreasing buoyant loa

decrease of th

he inclined ed of peaks

velocity and

0.

cture - intacnot separate at the waterlitored by thes. ce load", and

separated or the joined anice breaking

n. The total lont of the strulated ice rubting and is no

g’s modulusrittle beam, ess will incre

unced effect ause of the i

of the brokedensity.

ad, so that mhe rubble por

plate in theand the load20 m travel

ct ice - sub-all the load

line which ise lower LC3

d loads from

joined. Thend separatedprocess, i.e.

oad doubled,ucture in thebble is a keyot grounded.

s E. The iceor plate, on

ease the load

on the loadsice breakingen piece and

more effort isrosity due to

e d l

-d s 3

m

e d .

, e y

e n d

s g d

s o

Proce

higheis meA poflexuformueffect

Ef

The fstate watercertaiexplathe rurubblThe ibox tthe inaccumthe lafrom The rbetweturnincertaiA thidownalso undercontin

5

An exstructthickneach differdiffermeasproce

eedings of th

er buoyant coeasured for thossible effectural strength ula for ice at of the flexu

ffect of rubb

fact that the (Figure 4) inrline ice loain volume oains why the ubble volumle was sufficiinfluence of tests. The tacnteraction (Fmulated rubbargest peak lthe interacti

rubble accumeen the incling process din amount ofird contributinward bendinincludes ther the ice edgnuously rota

5. CON

xperimental ture interacteness, the elaice sheet fourent structurerent parametured the load

ess, its buoya A higher

a steady s

The wateindicatingwaterline

The ice dbut this decrease caused th

A decreabut did n2/3 of the

he HYDRALA

ompaction fohe buoyancy t of the flexdoes not aff

action on upural strength

ble ice on wa

waterline icendicates that d (as predicf rubble, add waterline ic

me and load ient to causethe rubble a

ctile sensor mFigure 8), sble. The largloads at the on start.

mulation alsoined and theescribed by Hf accumulateion from theng and downe load necesge. This failuating. Similar

NCLUSION

programme ed with 5 difastic modulusur different ice widths weters affectedd in the wateancy and porincidence in

state in the ru

erline ice loag that the ae ice load, bu

density was teffect decrein density (1

he higher load

se in structurnot alter the we water line l

AB IV Joint U

orces in the rtest in low d

xural strengthfect, but per

pward slopinwhen ice rub

aterline load

e load steadythe accumul

cted by the Iditional rubbce load was were differe

e the maximuaccumulationmeasures an showing thaest load peakend of the e

o causes resise vertical poHT in Croasdd rubble, the

e rubble to thnward slidingsary to fract

ure mode wasr observation

has been cafferent level s and the flece incidence

ere tested. Thd the ice loer line and throsity were mncreased the subble accum

ad steady staaccumulation

ut only up to

the most impased with in10%) may cads on the stru

re width (aspwater line loload.

User Meeting

10

rubble, as shdensity ice shh cannot be rhaps it is leng structures bble accumu

d

y state was alation of subISO 19906, ble had no efidentical forent. In both um waterlinen on the watincreasing m

at the waterks are never experiment a

stance to theortion of the dale et al. (19e ice blocks fhe waterline g ice sheet, rture the rubs not observen has also bee

arried out in ice sheets. T

exural strengte angles werehe main aim

oad and the he load frommonitored in structure cle

mulation.

ate was alwan of subsura certain am

portant ice prncreasing icause an increucture.

pect ratio deoad. The rubb

g, Lisbon, Ju

hown in Tablheet.

seen in ouress important

given by ISulates.

always reach-surface rubb2010), but offect on the r the structur

test configue ice load. terline ice lomagnitude ofrline ice loalocated in th

are more than

broken ice bhull, adding

994). The prfurther breakice load is t

respectively bble accumuled during theen made by T

the HSVA lThe incomingth were diffe

e tested (0°, 1m of the expe

accumulatiom the submerg

a separate 2-aring capabi

ays reached rface rubble

mount of rubb

roperty. A dee incidence.ease of the b

creased fromble load incr

uly 2014

e 5 where th

r data. This t than the ruSO 19906 (2

hed before thble contributonly up to awaterline ice

re in joint anurations the

ad is also obf the waterlinad is influenhe beginningn twice large

blocks rotatiog a resistancresent experimk at this transthe increasedHL and HR ilation along e experimentTimco (1991

large ice basg ice velocityerent for the 15°, 30° and eriments wason of rubbleged rubble. T-D set up. Thlities and dec

before the rcontributes

ble accumulat

ecreasing den This is bec

buoyant load

m 66 to 33) drease from ab

he lowest rub

does not mubble accum2010) also p

he rubble iceted to the inca certain poie load. This

nd separated accumulated

bserved in thne ice load pnced by theg of the expeer than the l

on at the trance componenment shows

sition point. d buoyancy in ISO 19906

a vertical fnts, where the1).

sin where a wy, the ice dendifferent ice

d 45°). In seris to investige. Separate The rubble ahe main conccreased the t

rubble load s to an incration.

nsity increascause a rela

d of up to 10

doubled the rbout 1/3 and

bble porosity

mean that themulation. Thepredicts little

e load steadycrease of theint. Above a

observationmode while

d amount of

he buoyancypeaks duringe amount ofriments, andargest peaks

nsition pointnt to the icethat above a

force on the6 (2010). HL

failure planee rubble was

wide slopingnsity, the icee sheets. Fories 5000 twogate how the

load panelsaccumulationclusions are:time to reach

steady state,rease of the

sed all loads,atively small00% and this

rubble loads,d up to about

y

e e e

y e a n e f

y g f d s

t e a

e L e s

g e r o e s n

h

, e

, l s

, t

Proce

ACK

This pparticTrinepermacknoSAMThe afor tprogrCommActiv

REFE

CroasWHy

CroasLoTe

EversmPo

FredeinSy

ISO/F67Sw

KulyaStIn

Lu, WpaIn

Lu, WsloO

Lu, Wic10

Paavipr

Paaviru

eedings of th

The porobuoyancy

The follo19906 foro Ice bro The r

and c

KNOWLEDG

project requicipants Hene Lundamo,

mitted to buildowledge the

MCoT CRI foauthors woulthe hospitaliramme in themunity's Sevvity HYDRA

ERENCES

sdale, K.R.,Working Gro

ydraulic Ressdale, K.R., oads on Sloechnology, Ts, K-U and J

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AB IV Joint U

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ble Ice Transce stability. r Arctic CondArctic Offshclined plate. r Arctic Condmodel investternational C

and theoretiegions Scien

l simulationsd Technologyd force chai

Technology, 8

nd to show t

not considere

al wall. regular cycle

cknowledgmonsult Oda Sl financial uthors would

8/S60-PetroR

ecially the icl execution n supported budget of thet no. 261520

L Special Reort. Int. Assr, NH, USA,Calculation Norwegian

mechanical pernational Co

pp. 877-888sheet failureand Arctic

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sport on ArcProceedingsditions, Espo

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ical model stnce and Tech

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O

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, t n g

, r

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, d

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Proce

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AB IV Joint U

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12

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d ;

.

e n

e e n

e e r

h ,