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Conference Call TR45.3/98.04.06.07R4

(TR45/98.03.03.19R6)

1999 Universal Wireless Communications Consortium Page 177 of 306

ATTACHMENT 11

2

3

4

In 136 HS, 8-PSK modulation along with GMSK with the same symbol rate, 270.833ksps, is us56

8-PSK7

8

9

10

Advantages: Very fast link adaptation; No extra complexity11

(0,0,1)

(1,0,1)

(d(3k),d(3k+1),d(3k+2))=

(0,0,0) (0,1,0)

(0,1,1)

(1,1,1)

(1,1,0)

(1,0,0)

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136 HS Slot Format for 8-PSK and GMSK1

2

3

576.92 Sec.

TS

3

IS

58

GP

8.25

TS

3

IS

58

TSS

26

TSISTSS

GP

Tail SymbolsInformation SymbolsTraining Sequence Symbols

Guard Period

Gross User Payload (8-PSK) : 348 bits - 2 stealing bitsGross User Payload (GMSK) : 116 bits - 2 stealing bits

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Symbol and Bit Rates1

2

3

4

Symbol Rate

Bits/Symbol

Payload/Time Slot

Gross User Rate/Time Slot

Gross User Rate/Carrier

270.833 ksps

3

346 bits

69.2 kbit/s

553.6 kbit/s

270.833 ksps

1

114 bits

22.8 kbit/s

182.4 kbit/s

Modulation Types

8-PSK GMSK

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8-PSK Coding and Puncturing Parameters1

2

3

4

Puncturing

Interleaving

ConvolutionalCoding

BH DATA BCSDATA Block

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3

Slot

576.92 sec TDMA FRAME

4.615 msec

26

120

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1

2

Coding scheme PCS-6 PCS-5 PCS-4 PCS-3 PCS-2 PCS-1

Radio Interface Rate(kbps) 69.2 57.35 51.6 41.25 34.3 22.8

Input bits (per 20ms block) 1384 1147 1032 825 686 456

Convolutional coding rate n.a. 1/3

Polynomials n.a. G0, G1 G0, G1 G0, G1 G0, G1 G0, G1,

Tail bits n.a. 6 6 6 6 6

Number of encoded bits n.a. 2422 2076 1662 1384 1386

Remaining bits after

puncturingn.a. 1384 1384 1384 1384 1384

Output bits 1384 1384 1384 1384 1384 1384

G0 = 1 + D2

+ D3

+ D5

+ D6

, G1 = 1 + D + D2

+ D3

+ D6

, G2 = 1 + D + D4

+ 3

Table 1: Coding and Puncturing Parameters4

5

6

Puncturing7

8

In this section more detailed descriptions of the different puncturing schemes are given.9

10

PCS-111

12

The puncturing matrix P is defined by:13

14

P(n)=1, n except for n=467,947 where P(n)=015

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1

PCS-22

3

No puncturing is used.4

5

PCS-36

7

P(n)=1, n except for n=12k,12k+5 k0,,138 where P(n)=089

10

PCS-411

12


14

P(n)=1,

n except for n=12k,12k+5, 12k+7, 12k+8 k

0,,172 where P(n)=015

16

PCS-517

18


20

P(n)=1, n except for n=10k+3,10k+5, 10k+7, 10k+9 k0,,23021and n=2303,2305 where P(n)=022

23

PCS-624

25

This is an uncoded scheme, and hence no puncturing is applied.2627

28

29

30

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Channel Coding Schemes for Packet Data1

2

3

Service name Code rate Modulation Gross rate Radio interface rateper Time slot

PCS-1 0.329 8-PSK 69.2 kbps 22.8 kbps

PCS-2 0.496 8-PSK 69.2 kbps 34.3 kbps

PCS-3 0.596 8-PSK 69.2 kbps 41.25 kbps

PCS-4 0.746 8-PSK 69.2 kbps 51.6 kbps

PCS-5 0.829 8-PSK 69.2 kbps 57.35 kbps

PCS-6 1.0 8-PSK 69.2 69.2 kbpsCS-1 0.49 GMSK 22.8 kbps 11.2 kbps

CS-2 0.64 GMSK 22.8 kbps 14.5 kbps

CS-3 0.73 GMSK 22.8 kbps 16.7 kbps

CS-4 1 GMSK 22.8 kbps 22.8 kbps4

* The radio interface rate includes the signaling overhead for the RLC/MAC la5

6

7

8

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1

ATTACHMENT 22

3

Equalizer Simulations4

5

Performance for High Velocities6

7

While the physical layer performance shown in Attachment 8 looks very good for the8

Pedestrian environment (3 km/h), the performance with the same simple equalizer degrades9

at vehicular speeds. Figure 1 shows the BLER performance for the Vehicular A12010

interference limited environment using the simple DFSE equalizer. These results show that11

an error floor develops for the lighter coded schemes, while the uncoded PCS-6 coding12scheme is totally unusable.13

14

When the higher dispersion Vehicular channel B environment is considered, the performance15

is even worse as shown in Figure 3.16

17

To solve this problem an improved equalizer for 8-PSK was developed based upon the IRW18

channel tracking scheme developed for the GMSK very high vehicular speed equalizer. This19

improved 8-PSK equalizer, developed for the harshest Vehicular B120 environment is an 820

tap DFSE design using the IRW channel tracker.21

22

The BLER performance of this improved 8-PSK equalizer for the original Vehicular A12023environment is shown in Figure 2. These results show a significant improvement in24

performance with no error floor for the coded schemes.25

26

27

28

29

30

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1

2

Figure 1. BLER Performance for 8-PSK simple equalizer in ITU Vehicular A1203

Interference Limited environment4

5

6

Figure 2. BLER Performance for 8-PSK improved equalizer in ITU Vehicular A1207


9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 4010

2

101

100

vehicular A, 120km/h, 2br ,no FH

C/I [dB]

BLER(blockerrorrate)

PCS1PCS2PCS3PCS4PCS5PCS6

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100

vehicular A, 120km/h, 2br

C/I [dB]



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Performance in Time Dispersive Environments1

2

In the Pedestrian environment, there is essentially no performance difference between the3

Channel A and Channel B environments, as shown in Attachment 8. The simple 8-PSK4

equalizer can handle the time dispersion of up to 3.7 usec in the Pedestrian Channel B.5

However, in the ITU Vehicular Channel B model, time dispersion of up to 20 usec is seen6

which results in considerably worse performance in the Vehicular Channel B environment as7

compared to the Vehicular Channel A environment when using the simple equalizer. The8

Vehicular B120 BLER performance using the simple equalizer is shown in Figure 3.9

10

The BLER performance for the Vehicular B120 environment using the improved 8 tap DFSE11

equalizer is shown in Figure 4. These results show that the performance for Vehicular12

Channel B with the improved equalizer is better than the Vehicular A120 results for the13

simple equalizer. The dynamic system simulation results given in Attachment 6 for14

Vehicular A120 are using the simple equalizer and should therefore be taken as worse case15

for the Vehicular environment when using the improved equalizer.16

17

18

Figure 3. BLER Performance for 8-PSK simple equalizer in ITU Vehicular B12019


21

The complexity of the improved DFSE equalizer used for the Vehicular environment is22

approximately 4 times that of the simple DFSE equalizer.23

24

25

26

27

28

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 4010

2

101

100

vehicular B, 120km/h, 2br ,no FH

C/I [dB]

B

LER(blockerrorrate)


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1

Figure 4. BLER Performance for 8-PSK improved equalizer in ITU Vehicular B1202

Interference Limited environment.3

4

The corresponding throughput performance based on the above BLER curves using the5

improved equalizer is shown in Figure 5 for Vehicular A120 and Figure 6 for Vehicular B1206

respectively.7

8

Figure 5. Throughput Performance of 8-PSK improved equalizer for Vehicular A1209


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100

vehicular B, 120km/h, 2br ,Tracking DFSE

C/I [dB]

BLER(blockerrorrate

)


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350

10

20

30

40

50

60

70vehicular A, 120km/h, 2br

C/I [dB]

Throughput[kbit/s]


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1

2

Figure 6. Throughput Performance of 8-PSK improved equalizer for Vehicular B1203


Additional Equalizer Improvements for Very High Velocities5

Additional improvements have been made in the equalizer for very high mobile speeds. A6

new full adaptive MLSE equalizer with a 6-tap channel model is evaluated. The channel7

impulse response is broken into two parts, the unknown response of the medium (3taps), and8

the known response of the transmit filter and the receive filter. Only the three taps of the9

medium are tracked. The tracker is based on an Integrated Random Walk (IRW) model for10

each tap of the medium response. A least-squares type synchronization algorithm was used11

to determine the best sampling point for each burst12

13

Simulation results for 500 km/hr mobile speed in a ITU Vehicular A channel environment for14

1900 MHz are presented below. GMSK is used resulting in a peak radio interface rate of15

182.4 kbps (uncoded). No receiver diversity is assumed.16

17

Block error rate performance for 500 km/hr mobile speed in a ITU Vehicular A environment18

for 1900 MHz for coding schemes CS-1 through CS-4 as well as one additional coding19

scheme (R=0.79) are presented in Figure 7 for Eb/No and Figure 8 for C/I. No receiver20

diversity is assumed.21

22

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


C/I [dB]

Throughput[kbit/s]

PCS1PCS2PCS3PCS4

PCS5PCS6

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1

Figure 7. BLER vs Eb/No Performance of GMSK improved channel tracking2

equalizer3

4

5

Figure 8. BLER vs C/I Performance of GMSK improved channel tracking equalizer6

7

The corresponding fractionally loaded throughput performance expressed as a CDF for8

GMSK using the above BLER results for the interference limited case is shown in Figure 9.9

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2010

4

103

102

101

100

GMSK ITU Channel A Vehicular 500km/h; no FH ; no diversity ; 1900MHz

EbN0[dB] (Eb = Energy per modulated bit)

BLER(BlockErrorRate)

R=0.5R=0.64R=0.73R=0.79R=1.0

0 5 10 15 20 2510

4

103

102

101

100

GMSK ITU Channel A Vehicular 500km/h; no FH ; no diversity ; 1900MHz

C/I[dB]

BLER(BlockErrorRate)

R=0.5R=0.64R=0.73R=0.79R=1.0

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The aggregate average throughput for these results is 149 kbit/s. These results are again1

without mobile station antenna diversity.2

3

4

5

Figure 9. Throughput Performance for GMSK with improved channel tracking6

equalizer7

8

9

10

11

12

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

C.D.F.

Vehicular A 500 km/h no diversity

Throughput S [kbps]

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Attachment 31

Peak to Average Ratio and Backoff2

3

In order to decrease the Peak to Average Ratio a linearized GMSK pulse is used as transmitter filter. The pulse4

shape is depicted in Figure 1.56

7

2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2symbols8

Figure 1: Pulse shape of linearized GMSK filter9

10

11

The resulting Peak to Average Ratio, PAR, using the linearized GMSK filter is therefore:12

13

PAR8-PSK= 2.5 dB14

15

PAR GMSK= 0 dB16

17

The peak value for the PAR-value calculation is defined as the amplitude value which is exceeded by 0.1 % of18

the amplitude values.19

20

Power Considerations21

22

Considering the peak-to-average information presented above, the mobile transmit power can be analyzed.23

Table 1 shows the power considerations for a mobile for8-PSK, and Table 2 for GMSK.24

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Table 1 8-PSK2

3

Number of

Active Uplink

Timeslots

PA Back-off due

to Linear

Modulation

Resulting MS Tx

Power per

Timeslot afterPA Back-off

from 1 Watt

Max Allowed

MS Tx Power

per Timeslot notto exceed total

power = 28 dBm

Resulting Power

Considering PA

Back-off andTotal power

1 2 28 37 28

2 2 28 34 28

3 2 28 32.3 28

4 2 28 31 28

5 2 28 30 28

6 2 28 29.2 28

7 2 28 28.6 28

8 2 28 28 284

5

6

7

8

Table 2 GMSK9

10

Number of

Active Uplink

Timeslots

PA Back-off due

to Linear

Modulation

Resulting MS Tx

Power per

Timeslot after

PA Back-offfrom 1 Watt

Max Allowed

MS Tx Power

per Timeslot not

to exceed totalpower = 28 dBm

Resulting Power

Considering PA

Back-off and

Total power

1 0 30 37 30

2 0 30 34 30

3 0 30 32.3 30

4 0 30 31 30

5 0 30 30 30

6 0 30 29.2 29.2

7 0 30 28.6 28.6

8 0 30 28 28

11

12

13

14

15

16

PA Back-off impacts17

18

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Figure 2 shows the link performance for 8-PSK with different output back off values1

assuming an RF2108 power amplifier from RF Micro Devices. The performance for an ideal2

power amplifier is also showed as reference. The results show that the impact on performance3

from non-linearity in the PA is negligible for an output back off larger than 1 dB.4

5

Non-linearity in the PA will also affect the spectrum of the transmitted signal, especially the6spectrum leakage into adjacent channels. The spectrum in Figure 3 is obtained using a7

linearized GMSK pulse. With a 2dB output back off value, this leakage is acceptable8

considering that the implementation of the pulse shaping is not optimised. Further, the chosen9

amplifier acts only as an example and larger margins to the GSM spectrum mask can be10

achieved with other alternatives.11

12

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2610

3

102

101

100

RawBER

C/I [dB

ideal PA1dB output back off2dB output back off

13

Figure 2: Link Performance Degradation Due to Non linear PA.14

15

100 0 100 200 300 400 500 60080

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

frequency [kHz]

P.S.D.

GSM spectrum mask

Ideal PA

Output back off 3 dBOutput back off 2 dBOutput back off 1 dB

16

Figure 3: Spectrum of Transmitted Signal17

18

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ATTACHMENT 41

2

Radio Link Adaptation34

Link adaptation of modulation and channel coding is used in order to achieve the maximum5

performance (optimize the throughput) under varying conditions. The modulation is adapted6between 8-PSK and GMSK while the channel coding is adapted between six different coding7

cases for 8-PSK and four different cases for GMSK. These cases are detailed in Attachment8

1 and are labeled PCS-1 through PCS-6 for 8-PSK and CS-1 through CS-4 for GMSK. For9

the 8-PSK modulation, PCS-6 has the highest throughput while PCS-1 has the lowest.10

Correspondingly, for GMSK the highest throughput case is CS-4 and the lowest CS-1.11

Figure 1 shows the calculated throughput performance per time slot for 8-PSK without12

diversity, using BLER curves assuming TU3 channel and frequency hopping using T=R*(1-13

PB) where R= Maximum rate and PB=BLER (non-frequency hopping results are shifted ~1.514

dB higher in C/I). The heavy line shows the throughput performance using link adaptation15

between the various modes.16

17

The system simulation results given in Attachment 6 show the achieved user data rates using18

this link adaptation technique.19

20

21

22

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

C/I [dB])

ThroughputS[kbps]

PCS1

PCS2

PCS3

PCS4

PCS5

PCS6

23

Figure 1. Calculated Ideal Link Adaptation Throughput per Timeslot24

25

The actual results achieved using both modulations in the link level simulations with ITU26

channel models and diversity are shown in figure 2 (GMSK shown with dotted lines).27

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1

Figure 2. Link Adaptation Throughput per Timeslot for Ped A2

3

4

5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Pedestrian A 3 km/h with diversity

C/I [dB]

ThroughputS[kbps]

PCS6

PCS5

PCS4

PCS3

PCS2

PCS1

CS4

CS3

CS2

CS1

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Attachment 51

Guard Bands2

3

The co-existence of 136 HS carriers and 136 carriers in the same cell or adjacent cells has4

been investigated. Figure 1 shows the definition of Guard Band with respect to 136 HS and5

136 carriers. Note that the Guard band definition is the frequency between the channel6

spacing of 136 HS to the channel spacing of 136; i.e. the center channel to channel spacing7

is defined as 115 kHz plus the Guard Band as shown in figure 1. The cell planning for co-8

existence is shown in Figure 2. Note that the worse case is in those cells where carrier E3 is9

adjacent to 136 carrier D1.10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

Figure 1. Definition of Guard Band Between 136 HS carriers and 136 Carriers.32

33

136 HS carriers Guard Band 136 carriers

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

Figure 2. Cell Planning Diagram for 136 HS carriers and 136 Carriers.25

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The interference simulation results for the above co-existence case is shown in Figure 3. The1

interference from 136 HS into the most interfered 136 channel (D1) is recorded. The solid2

lines show 136 co-channel interference3

(right-most curve) and 136 to 136 adjacent channel interference (left). The dashed lines show4

the interference from 136 HS into 136 as a function of the guard band. Thus, if the guard5

band is 50 kHz, the amount of interference from 136 HS into 136 is less than the co-channel6interference between 136 channels but greater than the adjacent channel interference between7

136 channels. For a guard band of 100 kHz, the amount of interference from 136 HS into 1368

is less than both the co-channel and adjacent channel interference between 136 channels.9

10

11

12

Figure 3. Interference with 136 HS and 136 Carriers13

14

15

180 175 170 165 160 155 150 145 140 135 1300

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100solid: co and adjacent interf, dashed: EDGE interf

Interference power [dBW]

c.d.f

[%]

200 kHz

150 kHz

100 kHz 50 kHz

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Attachment 61

System Level Simulations for 136 HS Outdoor2

Static Capacity Simulations3

4

In order to evaluate the system performance of the 136 HS concept, static packet data5

simulations have been performed. The following assumptions have been made:6

1/3 reuse7

No frequency hopping8

Log-normal fading with standard deviation of 10 dB9

Path loss according to M.1225 Models10

Pedestrian A, Vehicular A50, and Vehicular A120 environments11

Exponentially distributed packet size with a mean of 1600 bytes12

2 Branch MRC diversity is used.13

No power control is assumed14

Ideal Link adaptation is performed every 100 ms, i.e. 5 coding blocks.15

The time step of the simulator is 20 ms, corresponding to one coding block. This16

means that the interference situation can change 5 times during one link adaptation17

interval.18

The throughput is measured after channel decoding.19

The offered load was fixed for all cases.20

The throughput per carrier distribution for ideal link adaptation is analyzed with fractional21

loading from which the aggregate average throughput for users in the system is determined.22

The spectrum efficiency is then evaluated (see attachment 7 for errors in link adaptation23

signaling). The spectrum efficiency is calculated in the system simulations as:24

[ ]cellMHzsMbitMW

SN

i

i

///1

==25

where Si is the throughput of user i, N is the number of served users, M is the number of cells26

and W is the total available spectrum.27

28

Figure 1 shows the throughput distribution for ideal link adaptation, with 8-PSK coding29

schemes PCS-1 to PCS-6 for link adaptation. This static simulation uses 40% load and30

mobile station antenna diversity. Table 1 summarizes aggregate average throughput/user and31

spectrum efficiency for this Pedestrian A simulation.32

33

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1

Figure 1. Throughput distribution obtained from static simulation with PCS-6 through2

PCS-1 for Pedestrian A Environment.3

4

5

Mobile antenna

Diversity

Aggregate Average throughput/

timeslot

50.75 kbit/s


carrier

406 kbit/s

Spectrum efficiency 0.813 Mbit/s/MHz/site

Table 1 Summary of static system simulation results for Pedestrian A.6

7

Figure 2 shows the throughput distribution the Vehicular A50 environment using the 8-PSK8

simple equalizer. This static simulation uses 30% load and mobile station antenna diversity.9

Table 2 summarizes aggregate average throughput/user and spectrum efficiency for this10

Vehicular A50 simulation.11

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 6000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

C.D.F.

Pedestrian A 3 km/h with diversity

Throughput S [kbps]

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Figure 2. Throughput distribution obtained from static simulation with PCS-6 through2

PCS-1 for Vehicular A50 Environment.3

4

5

Mobile antenna

Diversity


timeslot

48.75 kbit/s


carrier

390 kbit/s


Table 2 Summary of static system simulation results for Vehicular A50 Environment.6

7

These results indicate that in the low speed vehicular environment an aggregate average8

throughput greater than 384 kbit/s is obtained even with the simple equalizer. These results9

would improve with the more complex equalizer.10

11

Figure 3 shows the throughput distribution the Vehicular A120 environment using the12

improved channel tracking equalizer as described in Attachment 2. This static simulation13

uses 10% load and mobile station antenna diversity. Table 3 summarizes aggregate average14

throughput/user and spectrum efficiency for this Vehicular A120 simulation.15

16

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 5000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

C.D.F.

Vehicular A 50 km/h with diversity

Throughput S [kbps]

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1

2

3

Figure3. Throughput distribution obtained from static simulation with PCS-6 through4

PCS-1 for Vehicular A120 Environment using improved channel tracking equalizer.5

6

7

Mobile antenna

Diversity


timeslot

47.75 kbit/s

Aggregate Average throughput/carrier

382 kbit/s


Table 3 Summary of static system simulation results for Vehicular A120 Environment8

with improved channel tracking equalizer.9

These results indicate that with the improved channel tracking equalizer, essentially 38410

kbit/s aggregate average throughput can be provided even at 120 km/hr. Therefore the11

objective of providing 384 kbit/s data service up to 100 km/hr is realized.12

13

Load Effects14

15

There will be a trade-off between the spectrum efficiency and the quality in the network.16

System simulations show that by increasing the load (even up to 100%), the spectrum17

efficiency will increase. However, the throughput for individual users will drop and may18

result in low throughput. Figure 4 shows the sepctrum efficiency for the Pedestrian A19

environment as a function of Load.20

21

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 5000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

C.D.F.


C/I [dB]

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1

2

3

4

Figure 4. Spectral Efficiency as a Function of Offered Load for Pedestrian A5

Environment.6

7

Pedestrian A Spectral Efficiency Vs Load

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

40% 50%

Percent Load

100%

Mbit/s/MHz/site

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1

Coverage Simulations2

3

4

Figure 5 shows how the throughput varies over the cell area for the Pedestrian environment.5

Note that smart antennas are not assumed. Smart antennas will of course further increase the6coverage. The results are shown using an Eb/N0 distribution corresponding to 95% 1367

speech coverage. The distance attenuation is calculated according to the ITU Channel8

Models. The results include mobile antenna diversity (2 branch, maximum ratio combining).9

10

Figure 5 Coverage with mobile receiver diversity for Pedestrian A Environment11

12

13

14

15

Figure 6 shows the results for the low speed Vehicular A50 Environment using the same16

criteria as used in Figure 5. Figure 7 shows the results for the higher speed Vehicular A12017

Environment using the same criteria as used in Figure 5. These results are for the simple18

equalizer.19

20

0 100 200 300 400 500 6000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

C.D.F.

Pedestrian A 3 km/h with diversity

Throughput S [kbps]

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1

Figure 6 Coverage with mobile receiver diversity for Vehicular A50 Environment2

3

4

5

Figure 7 Coverage with mobile receiver diversity for Vehicular A120 Environment6

7

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 5000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

C.D.F.


Throughput S [kbps]

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 4500

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

C.D.F.


Throughput S [kbps]

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Dynamic System Simulations1

2

In order to further evaluate the system performance of 136 HS using ITU Models, additional3

dynamic packet data simulations have been performed. The following assumptions have been4

made:5

Interference Limited6

1/3 reuse7

No frequency hopping8

Log-normal fading with standard deviation of 10 dB9

Path loss according to M.1225 ITU Models10

Pedestrian Channel A and B, Vehicular Channel A and B 50 km/hr, Vehicular11

Channel A and B 120 km/hr environments simple equalizer12

Power control is not used13

2 Branch MRC diversity is used.14

Ideal Link adaptation15

The time step of the simulator is 20 ms, corresponding to one coding block. Each16

radio block is explicitly simulated.17

27 cell sites are used.18

19

These additional simulations provided more detailed analysis of the system.20

21

Traffic Model22

A session-based traffic model is used. In-session users may be both active and idle. The23

number of packets sent in a session is geometrically distributed with a mean of 10. A packet24

is defined as for example a web page rather than an IP packet. Sessions arrive according to a25

Poisson process. Packets are sent to user at the rate of 0.3 packets/sec.2627

The bursty behavior of a packet data system is modeled using a truncated Pareto distribution28

for the packet interarrival times.29

30

The packet (file) sizes are lognormally distributed with a mean of 12 kbytes.31

32

Simulation33

Each radio block was explicitly simulated included queuing, retransmission, etc. The time34

step of the simulator was 20 msec. The total simulation time is 300 sec. Ideal link35

adaptation is used. Packets are scheduled using an ideal G-based scheduling algorithm.36

37

Dropping Criteria38

A leaky bucket algorithm is used for user dropping. Each user is assigned a counter39

initialized at 32. The counter is decreased by one for a NACK and increased by 2 (up to a40

maximum of 32) for an ACK. The user is dropped if the counter reaches zero.41

42

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Performance Criteria1

Since users in a packet data system will have different user throughputs, a quality measure is2

defined. The quality measure for the 384 kbit/s service is that 95% of the users should have a3

session throughput exceeding 10% of 384 kbit/s (or 38.4 kbit/s). The same quality measure4

is used for the 64 kbit/s service which means that the system can be 100% loaded. Therefore5

the spectral efficiency is obtained at 100% load for the 64 kbit/s service.6

7

The session throughput is defined as the total number of bits a user transmitted in a session8

divided by the total time for the transmissions. Dropped users are given a session throughput9

of zero even if they transmitted some data before being dropped.10

11

Simulations were performed with increasing load until the quality measure was reached. At12

this load, the spectral efficiency is calculated.13

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384 kbit/s Service Results1

For the 384 kbit/s packet data service, Figure 8 shows the spectrum efficiency results (per2

sector) versus the lowest 5% percentile session throughput with the quality measure indicated3

by the horizontal dashed line. Results for Pedestrian A, Vehicular A50 and Vehicular A1204

using the simple equalizer are shown. Note that the spectral efficiency per site would be5

obtained by multiplying by 3.6

7

8

9

10

Figure 8 Spectral Efficiency Performance for 384 kbit/s Packet Data Service11

Environment A.12

250 300 350 400 45010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80384 kbps

Spectral efficiency [kbps/MHz/sector]

5%p

ercentileofsessionthroughput

[kbps]

pedA3vehA50vehA120

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1

Figure 9 shows the loading results (in number of users per sector) for the 384 kbit/s packet2

data service, versus the lowest 5% percentile session throughput with the quality measure3

indicated by the horizontal dashed line. Results for Pedestrian A, Vehicular A50 and4

Vehicular A120 are shown.5

6

7

8

9

Figure 9 Loading Performance for 384 kbit/s Packet Data Service Environment A.10

11

12

70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 11510

20

30

40

50

60

70

80384 kbps

Average number of users per sector

5%p

ercentileofsessionthrou

ghput[kbps]

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1

Figure 10 shows the spectrum efficiency results for the 384 kbit/s packet data service (per2

sector) for the Pedestrian B, Vehicular B50 and Vehicular B120 environments using the same3

criteria as in Figure 7 again using the simple equalizer. As indicated in Attachment 2, the4

Vehicular A results should be taken as worse case for both Vehicular A and B when the5

improved channel tracking equalizer is used. The results are shown versus the lowest 5%6percentile session throughput with the quality measure indicated by the horizontal dashed7

line. Again it should be noted that the spectral efficiency per site would be obtained by8

multiplying by 3.9

10

11

12

13

Figure 10 Spectral Efficiency Performance for 384 kbit/s Packet Data Service using14

simple equalizer for Environment B.15

200 250 300 35010

20

30

40

50

60

70384 kbps

Spectral efficiency [kbps/MHz/sector]

5

%percentileofsessionthroughput[kbps]

pedB3vehB50vehB120

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1

Figure 11 shows the loading results (in number of users per sector) for the 384 kbit/s packet2

data service for the Pedestrain B, Vehicular B50 and Vehicular B120 environments using the3

same criteria as in Figure 10 again using the simple equalizer. The results are shown versus4

the lowest 5% percentile session throughput with the quality measure indicated by the5

horizontal dashed line.67

8

9

Figure 11 Loading Performance for 384 kbit/s Packet Data Service using simple10

equalizer for Environment B.11

12

Additional spectral efficiency results are given in the Deployment Matrix in Attachment 16.13

14

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 10010

20

30

40

50

60

70384 kbps

Average number of users per sector

5%percentileofsessionthroughput[kbps]

pedB3vehB50vehB120

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Attachment 71

Control Signaling Overhead and Performance2

In the following, it is assumed that the physical and RLC/MAC protocol layer structure of 136 HS is similar3

to the structure of Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (EGPRS). The RLC/MAC protocol provides fast4medium access via a reservation based medium access scheme, supplemented by selective ARQ for efficient re-5

transmission of erroneous data blocks. There are three groups of control channels: broadcast information6

(PBCCH), medium access signaling (PCCCH) and fast associated signaling such as ACK/NACK messages7

(PACCH). A comprehensive overview of the GPRS control channels and their use is provided in [2].8As for any HSD system overlaid on 136, the 136 HS broadcast and common control signaling (PBCCH and9

PCCCH) can be placed on either an 136 HS carrier or on the 136 DCCH. For worse case analysis calculation10

purposes, the PBCCH and PCCCH are considered to be on the 136 HS carrier itself.11

For this scenario the PBCCH and PCCCH channels are multiplexed on time slot 0 in each TDMA frame. Out12

of the blocks in the multiframe structure, 1/12 of the blocks are reserved for PBCCH while the remaining blocks13

are shared between PCCCH and data. The number of blocks reserved for PCCCH is changed dynamically on a14

per block basis, according to the need of random access and paging capacity.15

16

Worse Case Maximal user bit rate accounting for signaling overhead17

The maximal radio interface bit rate for an 136 HS 200 kHz 8-slot mobile station is 8*69.2=553.6 kbps. The18

actual user bit rate is lower due to broadcast and common control signaling, associated signaling and RLC/MAC19

header overhead.20

The control channel needed for broadcast and common control signaling (PBCCH and PCCCH) is21

approximately 50% of time slot 0, which yields a remaining data rate of 553.6*7.5/8=519 kbps.22

Associated control channels used for ACK/NACK signaling (also including forward link channel quality23

reports sent on the reverse link) also reduces the user data rate. Assuming, that an acknowledgment block is sent24

after every fifth block, the signaling overhead for a full duplex 8-slot service is 1/(8*5)=2.5%, since one25

acknowledgment block is sufficient for all 8 time slots. Hence, the resulting data rate is 519*(1-0.025)=50626

kbps.27

Finally, to arrive at the actual user bit rate, the RLC/MAC overhead must be taken into account. The size of28

the RLC/MAC headers are 24 information bits per block plus 16 CRC bits, yielding (24+16)/1304=3.1%29

RLC/MAC overhead. Hence, the maximal 136 HS user bit rate in both forward and reverse links is30

506*(1-0.031)=490.3 kbps. This figure is valid for the worst case when all signaling takes place on the 136 HS31

carrier.32

33

Fast control signaling robustness34

During packet transfer, fast and robust control signaling is essential for the delay performance. 136 HS uses35

two main control messages, both of which are well protected by means of extensive channel coding.36

1. ACK/NACK messages are sent on the PACCH logical channel, which always uses the most robust37

modulation (GMSK) and the most robust channel coding, regardless what schemes are used for the data transfer.38

The information is also protected by a 40 bit FIRE code, which provides excellent error detection and which39

can also be used for error correction. Furthermore, if a PACCH block including acknowledgments for e.g. five40

blocks is not received correctly, the next PACCH block will automatically include the old acknowledgments and41

new acknowledgments. The data transfer can thus continue uninterrupted. Figure 1 depicts PACCH block error42distribution for a 45% loaded 1/3 system without antenna diversity, using the same models as in Attachment 6.43

The performance can be further improved by using the 40 bit FIRE code for error correction, which was not44

done in the simulation.45

2. To inform the receiver what channel coding is used, a two bit message is included in each block. It is46

block coded to 8 modulated bits, which makes this signaling considerably more robust than the data47

transmission.48

49

Link adaptation signaling errors50

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In the reverse link, a Channel Quality Report is included in each ACK/NACK block for use by link1

adaptation and power control. Since the PACCH logical channel used for this signaling is very robust (see2

above), errors are uncommon. However, should a block error occur, the error is detected and the modulation and3

coding scheme used for the previous block is used also for the next. Therefore, the performance in case of4

control channel errors can be approximated by the performance when using longer update intervals. In an5

extreme case of 50% BLER on the PACCH (which only occurs for 1% of the mobiles according to Figure 1), a6

nominal link adaptation update interval of 5 blocks corresponds to an actual update interval of 10 blocks. The7 degradation caused by this is not significant, as Figure 2 clearly shows.8

Further, the information telling what coding scheme is used is sent using in-band signaling, for which9

performance is considerably better than for data (see previous question). The very few errors in these messages10

do not affect performance significantly.11

The conclusion is thus that in the unlikely case of errors in the link adaptation control signaling loop, that is12

handled very well by the link adaptation mechanism.13

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

C.D.F.

[%]

BLER14

Figure 1. Block error rate distribution for PACCH in a 1/3 reuse system with 45% load15

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

C.D.F.[%]

Throughput [kbps]

20 RLC blocks update interval10 RLC blocks update interval5 RLC blocks update interval

16

Figure 2. User throughput distribution per timeslot for different link adaptation update17

intervals in a 1/3 reuse system with 45% load18

19

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Admission Control1

136 HS as well as all other data systems need admission control and congestion control algorithms to prevent2

the system from producing unacceptable packet delays. Admission control prevents a new user from entering the3

system if the system is already fully loaded, whereas congestion control drops users that cannot be served4

without causing unacceptable packet delay.5

6

136 HS admission control scheme7

The 136 HS protocol includes means for continuously monitoring system characteristics such as queue8

lengths, number of re-transmissions of a certain packet, number of users in different cells etc. Such9

characteristics are the preferred information on which admission control is based. The actual algorithm is vendor10

specific and is not limited by the RTT.11

The admission control algorithm is preferably supplemented by a congestion control algorithm that drops a12

user for which the link quality is low enough to cause excessive block re-transmissions.13

14

References15

[1]. ETSI, GSM 03.64, Overall description of the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Radio Interface,16

1997.17

[2]. J. Cai and D. Goodman, General Packet Radio Service in GSM, IEEE Communications Magazine,18October 1997, Vol. 35, No. 10.19

[3]. H. Olofsson, J. Nslund, J. Skld, Interference Diversity Gain in Frequency Hopping GSM, in20Proceedings of the 45

thIEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC95), 1995, pp. 102-106.21

[4]. H. Olofsson et al, Improved Interface Between Link Level and System Level Simulations Applied to22GSM, in Proceedings of the 6

thIEEE International Conference on Universal Personal Communications23

(ICUPC97), 1997, pp. 79-83.24

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Attachment 81

Physical Layer Simulation Results2

Performance without Frequency Hopping TU3 Environment3

4

Performance for PCS-1 to PCS-6 without frequency hopping in a Typical Urban environment5

is depicted in Figure 1 and Figure 2 (data rates shown per time slot). The velocity is 3 km/h6

(900 MHz). No diversity is assumed.7

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

3

102

101

100

BLER

C/I [dB]

PCS1 (22.8 kbps)PCS2 (34.3 kbps)PCS3 (41.25 kbps)PCS4 (51.6 kbps)PCS5 (57.35 kbps)PCS6 (69.2 kbps)

8

Figure 1. BLER Performance for PCS-1 to PCS-6 without frequency hopping (C/I).9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

3

102

101

100

BLER

Eb/N

0[dB] (E

b= Energy per modulated bit)

PCS1 (22.8 kbps)

PCS2 (34.3 kbps)PCS3 (41.25 kbps)PCS4 (51.6 kbps)PCS5 (57.35 kbps)PCS6 (69.2 kbps)

10

Figure 2. BLER Performance for PCS-1 to PCS-6 without frequency hopping11

(Eb/No).12

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Performance with Frequency Hopping TU3 Environment1

2

Performance for PCS-1 to PCS-6 with frequency hopping in a Typical Urban environment is3

depicted in Figure 3 and Figure 5 (data rates are given per time slot), while the performance4

for CS-1 to CS-4 (which replaces ECS-5 to ECS-8) is depicted in Figure 4 and Figure 6. The5

velocity is 3 km/h (900 MHz). No diversity is assumed.6

7

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

3

102

101

100

BLER

C/I [dB]


8

Figure 3. BLER Performance for PCS-1 to PCS-6 with frequency hopping (C/I).9

10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

4

103

102

101

100

C/I [dB]

BLER

CS1 (11.2 kbps)

CS2 (14.5 kbps)

CS4 (22.8 kbps)

CS3 (16.7 kbps)

11

Figure 4. BLER Performance for CS-1 to CS-4 with frequency hopping (C/I).12

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

3

102

101

100

BLER

Eb/N

0[dB] (E

b= Energy per modulated bit)


1

Figure 5. BLER Performance for PCS-1 to PCS-6 with frequency hopping (Eb/No).2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

4

103

102

101

100

Eb/No [dB] (Eb=Energy per modulated bit)

BLER

CS1 (11.2 kbps)

CS2 (14.5 kbps)

CS4 (22.8 kbps)

CS3 (16.7 kbps)

3

4

Figure 6. BLER Performance for CS-1 to CS-4 with frequency hopping (Eb/No).5

6

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Performance of 8-PSK with ITU Pedestrian A and B channels1

2

Performance for 8-PSK without frequency hopping but with antenna diversity in an ITU3

Outdoor to Indoor and Pedestrian A coverage limited environment is depicted in Figure 74

(note that the BLER is plotted versus energy per symbol (Es/No) therefore Eb/No would be5

obtained by reducing these numbers by 4.77 dB). The interference limited performance is6

shown in Figure 8. The velocity is 3 km/h (1900 MHz). These results were obtained using a7

simple equalizer.8

9

10

11

Figure 7. BLER Performance for PCS-1 to PCS-6 in ITU Outdoor to Indoor and12

Pedestrian A Coverage Limited Environment .13

14

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 4010

2

101

100

outindoor pedest A, 3km/h, 2br ,no FH

Es/No [dB] (Es=energy per modulated symbol)

BLER(blockerrorrate

)


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1


Pedestrian A Interference Limited Environment.3

4

The performance for Pedestrian Channel B under the same conditions is shown in Figure 95

and Figure 10.6

7

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100

outindoor pedest A, 3km/h, 2br ,no FH

C/I [dB]



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1


Pedestrian B Coverage Limited Environment .3

4

5


Pedestrian B Interference Limited Environment.7

8

9

10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 4010

2

101

100

outindoor pedest B, 3km/h, 2br ,no FH




0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100


C/I [dB]



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Performance of 8-PSK with ITU Vehicular A50 channel1


Vehicular A50 coverage limited environment using the simple 8-PSK equalizer is depicted3

in Figure 11 (note that the BLER is plotted versus energy per symbol (Es/No) therefore4

Eb/No would be obtained by reducing these numbers by 4.77 dB). The interference limited5

performance is shown in Figure 12. The velocity is 50 km/h (1900 MHz).6

7


Coverage Limited Environment9


Interference Limited Environment.11

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 4010

2

101

100



BLER

(blockerrorrate)


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100vehicular A, 50km/h, 2br ,no FH

C/I [dB]



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Performance of 8-PSK with ITU Vehicular A120 channel1


Vehicular A120 coverage limited environment is depicted in Figure 13 (note that the BLER3

is plotted versus energy per symbol (Es/No) therefore Eb/No would be obtained by reducing4

these numbers by 4.77 dB). The interference limited performance is shown in Figure 14.5

The velocity is 120 km/h (1900 MHz). Note that with using the the improved channel6

tracking equalizer described in Attachment 2, all the coded schemes can be used. The7

performance of the simple equalizer for this environment is given in Attachment 2.8

9


Coverage Limited environment11

12



0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100





0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100


C/I [dB]



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Performance of 8-PSK with ITU Vehicular B120 channel1


Vehicular B120 coverage limited environment is depicted in Figure 15 (note that the BLER is3

plotted versus energy per symbol (Es/No) therefore Eb/No would be obtained by reducing4

these numbers by 4.77 dB). The interference limited performance is shown in Figure 16.5

The velocity is 120 km/h (1900 MHz). Note that with using the the improved channel6

tracking equalizer described in Attachment 2, all the coded schemes can be used. The7

performance of the simple equalizer for this environment is given in Attachment 2.8

9


Coverage Limited environment11

12



0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100





0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100 vehicular B, 120km/h, 2br ,Tracking DFSE

C/I [dB]


PCS1PCS2

PCS3PCS4PCS5PCS6

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Performance of GMSK with ITU Pedestrian A and B channels1

Performance for GMSK without frequency hopping but with antenna diversity in an ITU2

Outdoor to Indoor and Pedestrian A coverage limited environment is depicted in Figure 173

(note that the BLER is plotted versus energy per symbol (Es/No) however with GMSK there4

is 1 bit per symbol and therefore is equal to Eb/No). The interference limited performance is5

shown in Figure 18. The equivalent performance for the Pedestrian B channel is shown in6

Figure 19 and Figure 20. The velocity is 3 km/h (1900 MHz). These results were obtained7

using a simple equalizer.8

Figure 17. BLER Performance for GMSK simple equalizer in ITU Pedestrian A9


11

Figure 18. BLER Performance for GMSK simple equalizer in ITU Pedestrian A12

Interference Limited Environment13

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100 outindoor pedest A, 3km/h, 2br ,no FH

C/I [dB]


CS1CS2CS3CS4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100

outindoor pedest A, 3km/h, 2br, no FH


BLER

(blockerrorrate)

CS1CS2CS3CS4

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1

Figure 19. BLER Performance for GMSK simple equalizer in ITU Pedestrian B2


4

Figure 20. BLER Performance for GMSK simple equalizer in ITU Pedestrian B5


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100

outindoor pedest B, 3km/h, 2br, no FH



CS1CS2CS3CS4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100


C/I [dB]


CS1CS2CS3CS4

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Performance of GMSK with ITU Vehicular A channels1


Vehicular A50 coverage limited environment is depicted in Figure 21 (note that the BLER is3

plotted versus energy per symbol (Es/No) however with GMSK there is 1 bit per symbol and4

therefore is equal to Eb/No). The interference limited performance is shown in Figure 22.5

The velocity is 50 km/h (1900 MHz). Likewise, performance of GMSK for Vehicular A1206

channels is shown in Figures 23 and 24 where the velocity is 120 km/h (1900 MHz). These7

results were obtained using a simple equalizer.8

9

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1

Figure 21. BLER Performance for GMSK simple equalizer in ITU Vehicular A502


4



0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100




CS1CS2CS3CS4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100


C/I [dB]


CS1CS2CS3CS4

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1



4



0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100




CS1CS2CS3CS4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 4010

2

101

100


C/I [dB]


CS1CS2CS3CS4

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Performance of GMSK with ITU Vehicular B channels1


Vehicular B50 coverage limited environment is depicted in Figure 25 (note that the BLER is3

plotted versus energy per symbol (Es/No) however with GMSK there is 1 bit per symbol and4

therefore is equal to Eb/No). The interference limited performance is shown in Figure 26.5

The velocity is 50 km/h (1900 MHz). Likewise, performance of GMSK for Vehicular B1206

channels is shown in Figures 27 and 28 where the velocity is 120 km/h (1900 MHz). These7

results were obtained using a simple equalizer.8

9

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1

Figure 25. BLER Performance for GMSK simple equalizer in ITU Vehicular B502


4



0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100



BLER

(blockerrorrate)

CS1CS2CS3CS4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3510

2

101

100


C/I [dB]

BLER

(blockerrorrate)

CS1CS2CS3CS4

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1



4



7

8

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 4010

2

101

100



BLER

(blockerrorrate)

CS1CS2CS3CS4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 4010

2

101

100


C/I [dB]

BLER

(blockerrorrate)

CS1CS2CS3CS4

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Attachment 91

136 HS Coverage with respect to 136 voice (from link budgets)2

3

Table 1. General assumptions4

Vehicular

Maximum peak power 28 dBm

Path loss 128.1 + 37.6*log10(d), din

kilometers

Log-normal fade margin 11.3 dB

Handoff gain 4.7 dB

5

Table 2. Assumptions for IS-1366

Required Eb/(N0+I0) 17.0 dB

Antenna diversity gain in uplink 6.0 dB

7

Table 3. Assumptions for 136 HS8

Frequency hopping No frequency hopping

BLER level in EGPRS 10 %

Antenna diversity gain Included in Eb/No

9

Table 4. Additional assumptions for data terminals10

Mobile antenna gain (=lower body loss) 2.0 dBi (0.0 dBi for speech

terminals)

Antenna diversity in the mobile, gain Included in Eb/No

11

Mobile antenna gain of 2.0 dBi is used because data terminals will not be used very close to12

the users head and therefore the body loss can be assumed to be lower than for speech13

terminals. Receiver antenna diversity has been assumed for data terminals which is included14

in Eb/No.15

16

136 HS Link Budget Appendix 4 shows the link budgets for the vehicular environment for17

both the 384 kbit/s and 144 kbit/s packet data services, EGPRS/PCS-4 (384 kbps) and18

EGPRS/PCS-1 (144 kbit/s). 136 HS Link Budget Appendix 5 shows the link budget for an19

asymmetric case, vehicular environment, EGPRS/PCS-4 (downlink, 384 kbit/s) & CS-320

(uplink, 134 kbit/s). 136 HS Link Budget Appendix 6 shows the link budget for vehicular21

environment, EGPRS/PCS-3 (330 kbps). Table 5 shown below is a link budget for IS-13622

speech which is used for comparison.23

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Table 5. Link Budget Template for IS-136 Speech. Use for comparison.1Item Forward Link Reverse Link

Test environment

Test service

Multipath channel class

(a0) Average transmitter power per traffic channel

(a1) Maximum transmitter power per traffic channel(a2) Maximum total transmitter power 35.00 dBm 28.00 dBm

(b) Cable, connector, and combiner losses (enumerate sources) 2.00 dB 0.00 dB

(c) Transmitter antenna gain 13.00 dBi 0.00 dBi

(d1) Transmitter e.i.r.p. per traffic channel 46.00 dBm 28.00 dBm

(d2) Total Transmitter e.i.r.p. = (a2-b+c) 46.00 dBm 28.00 dBm

(e) Receiver antenna gain 0.00 dBi 13.00 dBi

(f) Cable and connector losses 0.00 dB 2.00 dB

(g) Receiver noise figure 5.00 dB 5.00 dB

(h) Thermal noise density -174.00 dBm/Hz -174.00 dBm/Hz

(i) Receiver interference density (NOTE 1) 0 mW/Hz 0 mW/Hz

(j) Total effective noise plus interference density

= 10 log ( 10((h+g)/10) + i )

-169.00 dBm/Hz -169.00 dBm/Hz

(k) Information rate (10 log (Rb)) 46.87 dB(Hz) 46.87 dB(Hz)

(l) Required Eb/(N0 + I0) 17.00 dB 17.00 dB(m) Receiver sensitivity = (j+k+l) -105.13 dB -105.13 dB

(n) Hand-off gain 4.70 dB 4.70 dB

(o) Explicit diversity gain 0.00 dB 6.00 dB

(o) Other gain 0.00 dB 0.00 dB

(p) Log-normal fade margin (90% cell edge reliability) 11.30 dB 11.30 dB

(q) Maximum path loss

= ( d1 - m + (e - f) + o + n + o - p )

144.53 dB 143.53 dB

Maximum Range 2727 m 2565 m

Range for data terminals

Data terminal antenna gain (lower body loss)

Mobile Station antenna diversity gain

Maximum path loss for data terminals

Maximum range

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1

According to the vehicular A50 link budgets, the downlink range of bit rate 384 kbit/s with2

136 HS is about 82.5 % of IS-136 uplink speech range. It has been assumed that downlink is3

the limiting factor for 136 HS range. If asymmetric connection is considered, more coding4

can be applied on the uplink to increase its range. It should also be noticed that the service5area of 384 kbit/s is more than 0.825*0.825 of IS-136 cell area because the coverage areas of6

adjacent IS-136 cells must be overlapping to guarantee service at cell border with log normal7

fading. The downlink range of 136 HS PCS-3 330 kbit/s is approximately 96.6 % of IS-1368

uplink speech range. Therefore, 136 HS PCS-3 packet data services with 330 kbit/s can be9

offered essentially with the same coverage as IS-136 speech.10

11

For the 144 kbit/s data service, EGPRS/PCS-1 can be used to provide the capability.12

According to the A120 Vehicular link budgets in Appendix 4, the downlink range for the 14413

kbit/s service for 136 HS is about 126% of the IS-136 uplink speech range.14

15

The link budgets show maximum path loss and maximum range figures with terminal16diversity.17

18

Summary of 136 HS packet data ranges and coverage areas is shown in Table 6. The 136 HS19

Outdoor/Vehicular analysis in Table 6 includes terminal diversity gains.20

21

Table 6. Maximum range of 136 HS compared to IS-136 speech uplink range (from link22

budgets)23

24

Range / m Coverage area / m2

136 HS /CS-3 134 kbit/s (uplink) 101 % x IS-136 102 % x IS-136 cell

136 HS /PCS-3 330 kbit/s (downlink) 96.6 % x IS-136 more than 93 % of IS-136 cell

136 HS /PCS-4 384 kbit/s (downlink) 82.5 % x IS-136 more than 68 % of IS-136 cell

136 HS /PCS-1 144 kbit/s (downlink) 126 % x IS-136 more than 158 % of IS-136

25

26

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Attachment 101

Deployment Model Results Matrix, Spectrum Efficiency Models2

3

It is necessary to use the value for the Total Number of Cell Sites for Coverage4Efficiency for the Spectrum Efficiency computations to meet the coverage5requirements specified in the Deployment Model for each Test Environment.6

7

The Deployment Model Results Matrix for 136 and 136+ are presented in Tables 18and 2, respectively.9

Table 1. Deployment Model Results Matrix for 1361011

MarketRequirement

TotalNumber ofCell Sites

Total Numberof RF

Channels

Number of VoiceChannels/RF

Channel

CoverageEfficiency(km

2/site)

SpectrumEfficiency

(Mbits/s/MHz/site)

SpectrumEfficiency

(E/MHz/site

CoverageEfficiency

4.33 26 3 34.6 - -Vehicular

SpectrumEfficiency

- 520 3 - 0.228 20.25

CoverageEfficiency

369 439 3 0.075(1)

0.424(2)

- -Pedestrian-Outdoor to

Indoor SpectrumEfficiency

- 2090 3 - 0.010 0.47

CoverageEfficiency

4 32 3 0.197 - -Indoor

SpectrumEfficiency

- 196 3 - .09344 8.33

12

(1)Coverage Efficiency for Pedestrian Environment for Outdoor to Indoor Coverage13

(2)Coverage Efficiency for Pedestrian Environment for Outdoor Coverage14

15

16

Table 2. Deployment Model Results Matrix for 136+1718

MarketRequirement

TotalNumber ofCell Sites

Total Numberof RF

Channels

Number of VoiceChannels/RF

Channel

CoverageEfficiency(km

2/site)

SpectrumEfficiency

(Mbits/s/MHz/site)

SpectrumEfficiency

(E/MHz/cel

CoverageEfficiency

6.03 36 3 24.89 - -Vehicular

SpectrumEfficiency

- 540 3 - 0.256 14.52

CoverageEfficiency

564 672 3 0.049(1)

0.276(2)- -Pedestrian-

Outdoor toIndoor Spectrum

Efficiency- 2688 3 - 0.0118 0.30

CoverageEfficiency

6 36 3 0.110 - -Indoor

SpectrumEfficiency

- 204 3 - .09696 5.56

19(1)

Coverage Efficiency for Pedestrian Environment for Outdoor to Indoor Coverage20(2)

Coverage Efficiency for Pedestrian Environment for Outdoor Coverage2122

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General Assumptions:12

The spectrum efficiency results for voice capacity, E/MHz/Site, are bounded by the3capacity calculations presented in Method 1 of Attachment 17.4

5

6

The information rate per RF channel for 136 is 28800 bits/s, i.e. 9600 bits/s per7server.8The information rate per RF channel for 136+ is 43200 bits/s, i.e. 14400 bits/s per9server.10

11

Examples of Information Rate Calculations for each Environment1213

Vehicular14

15

For the Vehicular Test Environment, it is assumed that 3-sector site configurations16are used for the coverage area.17

18

For 136:19Erlangs per Sector = 1312.5 (System Erlangs) / (4.33 (Total Number of Cell Sites) *203 (Sectors per Site)) = 101.04 Erlangs per Sector21Total Number of Servers Required per Sector for 101.04 Erlangs @ 1% Blocking =2211823Total Number of RF Channels per Sector = 40 (119 Servers and 1 DCCH)24Information Rate per Sector = 119 (Servers) * 9600 = 1.1424 Mbits/s25Information Rate per Site = 1.1424 * 3 = 3.4272 Mbits/s26

Spectrum Efficiency = 3.4272 Mbits/s / (15 MHz) = 0.228 Mbits/s/MHz/site2728

For 136+:29Erlangs per Sector = 1312.5 (System Erlangs) / (6.03 (Total Number of Cell Sites) *303 (Sectors per Site)) = 72.55 Erlangs per Sector31Total Number of Servers Required per Sector for 72.55 Erlangs @ 1% Blocking = 8832Total Number of RF Channels per Sector = 30 (89 Servers and 1 DCCH)33Information Rate per Sector = 89 (Servers) * 9600 = 1.2816 Mbits/s34Information Rate per Site = 1.1424 * 3 = 3.8448 Mbits/s35Spectrum Efficiency = 3.8448 Mbits/s / (15 MHz) = 0.25632 Mbits/s/MHz/site36

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Pedestrian1

2

For the Pedestrian-Outdoor to Indoor Test Environment, it is assumed that the3indoor coverage area (25 km

2) is wholly contained within the outdoor coverage area4

(40 km2

). It is assumed that the Number of Required System Erlangs for this 25 km2

5

includes both the indoor and outdoor market requirements. It is assumed that6omnidirectional site configurations are used for the indoor coverage area (25 km

2)7

contained within the outdoor coverage area and that 3-sector configurations are8used for the remaining (15 km

2) outdoor coverage area.9

10

For 136, the Pedestrian indoor coverage area requires 334 sites and the outdoor11coverage area requires 35 sites for a Total Number of Cell Sites of 369. For 136+,12the indoor coverage area requires 510 sites and the outdoor coverage area requires1354 sites for a Total Number of Cell Sites of 564.14For 136:15

For 25 km2

(Outdoor and Indoor):16 Erlangs per Sector = 2190 (System Erlangs) / (334 (Total Number of Cell Sites)) =176.56 Erlangs per Site18Total Number of Servers Required per Site for 6.56 Erlangs @ 1% Blocking = 1319Total Number of RF Channels per Site = 5 (14 Servers and 1 DCCH)20Information Rate per Site = 14 (Servers) * 9600 = 0.1344 Mbits/s21Spectrum Efficiency = 0.1344 Mbits/s / (15 MHz) = 0.00896 Mbits/s/MHz/site22

23

For 15 km2

(Outdoor)24Erlangs per Sector = 450 (System Erlangs) / (35 (Total Number of Cell Sites) * 325(Sectors per Site)) = 4.29 Erlangs per Sector26

Total Number of Servers Required per Sector for 4.29 Erlangs @ 1% Blocking = 1027 Total Number of RF Channels per Sector = 4 (11 Servers and 1 DCCH)28Information Rate per Sector = 11 (Servers) * 9600 = 0.106 Mbits/s29Information Rate per Site = 0.106 * 3 = 0.317 Mbits/s30Spectrum Efficiency = 0.317 Mbits/s / (15 MHz) = 0.021 Mbits/s/MHz/site31

32

Resultant Spectrum Efficiency for 136:33((0.00896 Mbits/s/MHz/site * 334 Sites) + (0.021 Mbits/s/MHz/site * 35 Sites)) / 36934Sites =350.010 Mbits/s/MHz/site36

37

For 136+:38 For 25 km2

(Outdoor and Indoor):39Erlangs per Sector = 2190 (System Erlangs) / (510 (Total Number of Cell Sites)) =404.29 Erlangs per Site41Total Number of Servers Required per Site for 4.29 Erlangs @ 1% Blocking = 1042Total Number of RF Channels per Site = 4 (11 Servers and 1 DCCH)43Information Rate per Site = 11 (Servers) * 14400 = 0.1584 Mbits/s44Spectrum Efficiency = 0.1584 Mbits/s / (15 MHz) = 0.01056 Mbits/s/MHz/site45

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1

For 15 km2

(Outdoor)2Erlangs per Sector = 450 (System Erlangs) / (54 (Total Number of Cell Sites) * 33(Sectors per Site)) = 2.78 Erlangs per Sector4Total Number of Servers Required per Sector for 2.78 Erlangs @ 1% Blocking = 85

Total Number of RF Channels per Sector = 3 (8 Servers and 1 DCCH)6 Information Rate per Sector = 8 (Servers) * 14400 = 0.1152 Mbits/s7Information Rate per Site = 0.1152 * 3 = 0.3456 Mbits/s8Spectrum Efficiency = 0.3456 Mbits/s / (15 MHz) = 0.02304 Mbits/s/MHz/site9

10

Resultant Spectrum Efficiency for 136+:11((0.01056 Mbits/s/MHz/site * 510 Sites) + (0.02304 Mbits/s/MHz/site * 54 Sites)) /12564 Sites =130.0118 Mbits/s/MHz/site14

15

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Indoor1

2

For the Indoor Test Environment, it is assumed that omnidirectional site3configurations are used and that the base stations (radiating elements) are not4

deployed on partial floors.56

For 136:7Erlangs per Site = 500 (System Erlangs) / (4 (Total Number of Cell Sites)) = 1258Erlangs per Site9Total Number of Servers Required per Site for 125 Erlangs @ 1% Blocking = 14410Total Number of RF Channels per Sector = 49 (146 Servers and 1 DCCH)11Information Rate per Sector = 146 (Servers) * 9600 = 1.4016 Mbits/s12Information Rate per Site = 1.4016 Mbits/s13Spectrum Efficiency = 1.4016 Mbits/s / (15 MHz) = 0.09344 Mbits/s/MHz/site14

15

For 136+:16Erlangs per Sector = 500 (System Erlangs) / (6 (Total Number of Cell Sites)) = 83.3317Erlangs per Sector18Total Number of Servers Required per Site for 83.33 Erlangs @ 1% Blocking = 10019Total Number of RF Channels per Site = 34 (101 Servers and 1 DCCH)20Information Rate per Sector = 101 (Servers) * 14400 = 1.4544 Mbits/s21Information Rate per Site = 1.4544 Mbits/s22Spectrum Efficiency = 1.4544 Mbits/s / (15 MHz) = 0.09696 Mbits/s/MHz/site23

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Attachment 111

Answers to A1.2.20 for 136 and 136+23

1364

Class Bit Rate Delay BER/FER Examples

A1.2.20.1 A 7.4 kb/s

12.2 kb/s

7.4 kb/s

12.2 kb/s

9.6 kb/s

51.7 ms

46.7 ms

31.7 ms

26.7 ms

< 30 ms

1% BER

3% BER

1% BER

3% BER

variable

Voice - IS-641-A, interleave 2

Voice - US1, interleave 2

Voice - IS-641-A, interleave 1

Voice - US, interleave 1

IS-130 asynch data

A1.2.20.2 B variable (max 9.6 kb/s) < 30 ms < 3% uncorrected BER IS-130+WAP

136+ Packet (Mango)

A1.2.20.3 C variable -

half,full,double,triple rate

(full rate = 9.6 kb/s max)

variable error-free with ARQ

(discounting the

undetected error rate of

the CRC)

IS-130/135 asynch data/fax

A1.2.20.4 D variable variable error-free with ARQ

(discounting the

undetected error rate of

the CRC)

136+ Packet (Mango),

SMS (IS-136-A), WAP, GUTS

5

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1

136+2

Clas

s

Bit Rate Delay BER/FER Examples

A1.2.20.

1

A 8 kb/s

9.6 kb/s

~ 50 ms

< 30 ms

< 3% FER

variable

Voice - IS-641A

IS130/135 asynch data/faxA1.2.20.

2

B variable (avg 9.6

kb/s)

< 30 ms < 3% uncorrected

BER

IS130/135+WAP

IS136 Packet (Mango)

A1.2.20.

3

C variable -

half,full,double,triple

rate

(full rate = 9.6 kb/s

typ.)

variable error-free with

ARQ

IS130/135 asynch data/fax

A1.2.20.

4

D variable variable error-free with

ARQ

IS136 Packet (Mango),

SMS (IS136A), WAP,

GUTS

3

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Attachment 121

Layer 1 Description2

Indoor Environment, 1.6 MHz carrier3

4

Glossary of abbreviations:56

ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest7

BS Base station8

DL Downlink (forward link)9

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access10

FDD Frequency Division Duplexing11

FEC Forward Error Correction12

FH Frequency Hopping13

JD Joint Detection14

LA Link Adaptation15

LC Load Control16

Mbps Mega bits per second17

MS Mobile Station18

NRT Non Real Time19

PC Power Control20

RT Real Time21

TDD Time Division Duplexing22

TH Time Hopping23

TX transmission24

UL Uplink (reverse link)25

Physical channels26

136 HS Indoor can operate in FDD mode and in TDD mode. The channel spacing of the27

wideband mode is 1.6 MHz both in FDD and in TDD mode. The basic physical channel is a28

certain time slot on a certain carrier frequency. In the following, an overview about the29

multiframe, unit frame and time slot structure is given. The last subsection defines the30

modulation method.31

Multiframe32

Multiframe structure is presented in Figure 1. The contents of the control channel cluster33

indicated in the figure is dependent on the higher layer protocols, too.34

35

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0 1 2 3 24 25

0 1 2 3 24 25 0 1 2 3 49 50

multiframe with 26 frames multiframe with 51 frames

superframe51 (26-frame) multiframes or 26 (51-frame) multiframes)

hyperframe2048 superframes

0 1 2 3 49 50

0 1 2 3 2046 2047

Frame (2k) Frame (2k+1)

Frame 2kTS3:0-7

Frame 2k+1

TS3:0-7

Control channels Control channels1

Figure 1 The multiframe structure for 136 HS Indoor.2

FDD and TDD frames3

In the following sections, a unit frame structure is presented separately for FDD and TDD4

modes.5

FDD frame6

The unit FDD frame is presented in Figure 2. The length of the FDD frame is 4.615 ms7

which is 12000 symbol periods.8

9

72 s

288 s

4.615 ms

TDMA Frame

1/64 Slot

1/16 Slot

1.6 MHz

10

Figure 2 The unit FDD frame structure of 136 HS Indoor.11

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TDD frame1

The TDD frame is of the same length as the FDD frame but it is divided into downlink and2

uplink parts (Figure 3). The switching point between uplink and downlink can be moved in3

the TDD frame to adopt asymmetric traffic. The minimum length of uplink and downlink4

parts is one eighth of the frame length (577 s).56

72 s

288 s

4.615 ms

TDMA Frame

1/64 Slot

1/16 Slot

1.6 MHz

Downlink Uplink

Switching point between

uplink and downlink

7

Figure 3 The unit TDD frame structure of 136 HS Indoor.8

9

In the TDD frame structure, it is assumed that the same mobile station is not receiving in the10

last slot of the downlink part and transmitting in the first slot of the uplink part.11

Time slots12

The TDMA frame is subdivided into time slots. Two different types of time slots are13

presented for 136 HS Indoorin Figure 2 and in Table 1 : 1/64 time slot and 1/16 time slot. In14

a 1/64 time slot there are 187.5 symbol periods and in a 1/16 time slot 750 symbol periods.15136 HS Outdoor/Vehicular uses 1/8 time slot.16

17

Table 1 : Time slot lengths in seconds and in symbol periods.18

Time slot type Length in seconds Length in symbol periods (SP)

1/64 time slot 72 s 187.5 SP

1/16 time slot 288 s 750 SP

1/8 time slot 577 s 208.33 SP (136 HSOutdoor/Vehicular)

19

A 136 HS IndoorTDMA frame of length 4.615 ms can consist of20

64 1/64 time slots o

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