ED FOR RELE

.- MEMORANDUM FOR: The Acting Di rec to r of C e n t r a l I n t e l l i g e n c e

SUBJECT : Combat with Enemy Nuclear A r t i l l e r y , Free Rockets, and Guided Missiles i n Offens ive and Defensive Operat ions of an Army (Conclusion and Bibliography)

1. Enclosed is a verbat im t r a n s l a t i o n of t h e COnClUSiOn, ap end ix p u g l i c e t l o n e n t i t l e d ''Combat w i t h Enemy Nuclear Ar t i l l e ry , Free Rockets , and Guided Missiles i n Offensive and Defensive Oper- a t i o n s of an Army". I t was issued by S c i e n t i f i c - R e s e a r c h A r t i l l e r y I n s t i t u t e No, 1 i n Leningrad i n October 1960 .

2 . For conveniencc of r e f e r e n c e by USIB a g e n c i e s , t h e codeword IRONBARK has been assigned t o t h i s series of TOP SECRET CSDB r e p o r t s con ta in ing documentary S o v i e t m a t e r i a l .

I The word IRONRARK is c l a s s i f i e d CONFIDENTIAL and is t o be used on ly among persons au tho r i zed t o read and handle t h i s c

m a t e r i a l .

m a t e r i a l should be handled on a need-to-know basis w i t h i n your o f f i c e . u t i l i z a t i o n of any p a r t of t h i s document i n any other form shou ld be a d d r e s s e d t o the o r i g i n a t i n g o f f i c e .

and b i b l i o g r a p h y of a seven-chapter TOP SECRET S o v i e t ~

3, I n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f p r o t e c t i n g our s o u r c e , IRC)KL(ARK

Requests f o r e x t r a copies of t h i s r e p o r t - o r f o r

Richard Ile Ims Deputy D i r e c t o r (Plans)

Enclosure

r

LpflE:ARKI

Original: The Director of Central Intelligence

cc: The Director of Intelligence and Research,Department of State

The Director, Defense Intelligence Agency

The Director for Intelligence,The Joint Staff

The Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence,Department of the Army

The Director of Naval IntelligenceDepartment of the Navy

The Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence,U. S. Air Force

The Director, National Security Agency

Director, Division of IntelligenceAtomic Energy Commission

National Indications Center

Chairman, Guided Missiles and AstronauticsIntelligence Committee

Deputy Director for Research

Deputy Director for Intelligence

Assistant Director for . National Estimates

Assistant Director for Current Intelligence

Assistant Director for Research and Reports

Assistant Director for Scientific Intelligence

Director, National Photographic InterpretationCenter

SEC €T

4 September 1962

r-Tig

DCIStateDIAJCSArmyNavyAirNSA

• AECNICGMAICSecDef/ISADDRDDIAD/NEAD/CIAD/RRAD/SiNPICLS/Pa (NPIC)DDPA/DDPCFICSRSR/Rp

- Copy #1- Copies #2 and 3- Copies #4 and 5- Copies #6 and 7- Copies #8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15- Copies #16, 17, and 18- Copies #19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25- Copy #26- Copy #27- Copy #28- Copy #29- Copy. #30- Copy #31- Copy #32- Copy #33- Copy #34- Copies #35 and 36- Copies #37, 38, and 39- Copy #40- Copy #41- Copy #42- Copy #43- Copy #44- Copy #45- Copies #46, 47, 48, 49, 50, and 51

.•••••

COUNTRY

SUBJECT

vRONBARK1

SEC

: USSR

: Combat with Enemy Nuclear Artillery, FreeRockets, and Guided Missiles in Offensiveand Defensive Operations of an Army(Conclusion and Bibliography)

DATE OF INFO October 1960

APPRAISAL OFCONTENT : Documentary

SOURCE : A reliable source (B)

Following is a verbatim translation of the Conclusionand Bibliography of a TOP SECRET Soviet publication'titled "Combat with Enemy Nuclear Artillery, Free Rockets,and Guided Missiles in Offensive and Defensive Operationsof an Army". This document contains seven chapters andwas published on 15 October 1960 by Scientific-ResearchArtillery Institute No. 1 ln Leningrad. Each chapterwill be disGemitlated as it becomes available and istranslated.

In some caseL, there are imperfections in theoriginal text which leave doubt as to the accuracy oftranslation. Question marks are inserted in bracketsfollowing uncertain words or phrases. As in otherIRONBARK reports, transliterated Cyrillic letters areunderlined in translation, while Greek and Ronan lettersare given as in the original.

-2-

IN SE ET

.5-NBAREj

Conclusion

The armed forces of our potential enemies haveat their disposal various types of nuclear attackweapons. The bulk of these weapons consists atpresent of tactical and operational-tactical weapons.In view of this, combat with the enemy's tactical andoperational-tactical nuclear attack weapons becomes amatter of exceptional importance.

Combat with the enemy's tactical, and to someextent with his operational-tactical, nuclear attackweaponsscannot be organized on the scale of a frontalone. For carrying on this combat a front must con-centrate in its hands control of all types and meansof Intelligence and all weapons for inflicting damageon the enemy, which are deployed in a comparativelynarrow zone stretching for hundreds of kilometers.Naturally, it is impossible to centralize control atthe front level of all the forces and weapons. broughtin to combat all the enemy's nuclear attack weapons,without exception. Consequently, the front cannotbe the sole organizer of this combat.

The organization of combat with the enemy'snuclear attack weapons should be carried out at twoechelons or levels: in the front and in the army.The best version of dividing the tasks in organizingthis combat is for the front to organize in detailcombat with the enemy's operational-tactical nuclearattack weaponsl with the forces and weapons directlysubordinate to it (taking'into account the capabilitiesof the operational-tactical missiles of the armies),and to restrict itself to giving general directionsonly regarding combat with the enemy's tactical nuclearattack weapons, while the army organizes in detailcombat with the enemy's tactical nuclear weapons,taking into consideration the tasks which it has beengiven by the front for combat with the enemy's opera-tional-tactical nuclear attack weapons. .

-3-

In accordance with this, the army must have atits disposal the necessary .intelligence forces andmeans to ensure fulfilment of the tasks with which itis faced.

It is necessary to note that the intelligencemeans now in existence can fulfil the requirements forcombat with the enemy's nuclear weapons to a certainextent.

However, for this it is necessary to create anefficient system of control of these forces and means,and, in the first place, to take all measures to re-duce the time spent on target designation in the caseof such important and mobile targets as nuclear attackweapons on firing or launching positions.

Bearing in mind the improvement and strengtheningof the antiair defense troops of our probable enemiesand the develcpment of new, more perfected and mobilenuclear attack weapons, it is essential to pay themost serious attention to the most rapid developmentOf new pilotless means of reconnaissance, which wouldbe capable of fully replacing the existing means ofaerial artillery reconnaissance and of getting accurateinformation very quickly regarding the enemy's nuclearweapons.

The investigations, carried out in this tudy. showthat combat with the enemy's tactical nuclear attackweapons is one of the main tasks for our tacticalmissiles and gun artillery. In this connection it isnecessary to note that the views held hitherto re-garding the limited capabilities of gun artillery incombat with the enemy's nuclear weapons, are not inaccordance with the facts. Gun artillery is capableof combatting the enemy's nuclear attack weaponssuccessfully. Moreover, for carrying on this combat,i.e., for neutralization and destruction of theseweapons, it is not necessary, as was thought before,

C D CT

PRONBARK1

to expend an enormous quantity of ammunition and toconcentrate a large quantity of artillery. From theinformation given in this study, it is evident that inthe conditions that have been laid down, fire fordestruction of the enemy's nuclear attack weapons re-quires a comparatively small expenditure of ammunitionand the employment, as a rule, of two or three batteries,i.e., not more than one battalion of artillery. Thiscircumstance changes the significance and role of gunartillery considerably, and shows that at the presenttime gun artillery remains one of the main fire weaponsof an army.

The short time that nuclear attack weapons remainon their firing (launching) positions Poses exceptionallyexacting requirements in the speed of carrying out astrike against them or in the preparation of fire fordestroying these weapons. Timely opening of fire ordelivery of . strikes at the targets is the most importantcondition for successful combat with the enemy's nuclearattack weapons.

Under modern conditions, the destruction or neu-tralization of the enemy's nuclear weapons must not bepostponed to a ebilic time, as, for instance, theneutralization of enemy batteries was postponed dutingthe Second World War until the time of the artillerypreparation for the assault. If the enemy battery(platoon, gun or launcher) is not destroyed immediately'on the position it occupies, it will remain whole andundamaged, as it will most certainly not stay on oneand the same position, especially after firing a nuclearprojectile.

Under modern conditions, there should also be nodelay in delivering a strike at'a target or in openingfire to destroy it. Delay in opening fire or making astrike at the target will have the consequence that thetarget will escape destruction.

-4-

Lieutenant-Colonel (F IL I PPOV )

-5-

ONBARKj

Thus, reduction of the time taken for openingfire at targetsof opportunity is one of the chief,if not the most important,requirement,both for or-ganizing combat with the enemy's nuclear attack weapons,and for those weapons and that armament which will beemployed in this combat.

In accordance with this, in developing new modelsof weapons and in perfecting the combat employment ofthose weapon models which are or can be used to destroythe enemy's nuclear weapons, it is essential to makeevery effort to ensure that their preparation for firing(launching) should require considerably less time thanthat required for the preparation for firing (launching)of the enemy's comparable weapons. Or, in other words,the weapons employed for combat with nuclear weaponsmust be better as regards their basic tactical-technicalcharacteristics than the enemy's similar weapons.

There is no'doubt that the solution of these andcertain other questions mentioned in this report willensure favorable conditions for successful combat withthe enemy's nuclear attack weapons.

The recommendations made in this study regardingthe organization and conduct of combat with the(nemy'snuclear attack weapons should be tested attactical and operational-tactical exercises .of the troops.

Responsible author (ispolnitel)Senior scientific worker of the .2nd Department

Guards Lieutenant-Colonel (KURBATOV)

AuthorSenior scientific worker of the 2nd Department

-6-

ASP SEC T

dBARKI

Appendix

Graphs for the determination of P. and P dependent

on d when the elliptical error of fire has the

characteristics V and E-P

For drawing up the graphs we calculated thecoefficientsfttaking into account the probability of ahit in a circle with a radius dependent on thecharacteristics of the ellipticfl error of fire (Vnand E) and of the displacement d of the center of E

-dispirsion in relation to the center of the circle.

The values of the coefficientsporere determinedby using the equation:

11.

-- K r d V, Kr +d

-rn

To determinetLit is necessary:

- to take the values P, E, and when V = 1;-2--2

- by means of P and E to find the value of thecircular error r anV ) equivalent to the--E 'probability of the elliptical error;

- to express d in terms of rand, making use of-V--2

the graphs K cyr), for the given valuesof P, to determine the values of the coefficientsK;

- to substitute the corresponding values arrived atin the formula (1) and to calculaten- f (P, d, E).

(1)

-7-

SE RET

NBARKI

• In calculating the coefficientsause was made ofthe graphs K f(P, d, r) and the values jEL (P, E)given in the study (15);

It should be noted that in calculating coefficient, use can also be made of the data in Table 3B, given

in the study (18).

The procedure for calculating the coefficient (1is given in the form of an example.

Example:

Calculate the value of coefficient for d1

'V P ■ 80% and E - 0.5.

Solution: 1. for p - 80% and E - 0.5 r= f (P, E)-0.782V •-P'

2. we express d /V and r as d1 1.29; 72. 17-

0.7823. for d 1.29 rand P 80% K = f(P, d, r)

4. using formula (1) we findq- 1.9 x Q782+ 1 -

The values of the coefficient Rfor the various d,P, and E , which have been calculated in a similar way,are givn in the table.

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-12-

,PONBAIITWQ

1

Below are given graphs for R= f(P, d, E), drawn upon the basis of the data in the table, for E = 1; 0.9;0.8; 0.7; 0.6; 0.5; 0.4; 0.3; 0.2; 0.1, i. e- . for thewhole range of variations of E that is possible inpractice.

-14-

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Bibliography

-237 1'

1. Field Service Regulations of the Armed Forcesof the USSR (division-corps), Military Publishing Houseof the Ministry of Defense (Ministerstvo Oborony MO)of the USSR, Moscow, 1959.

2. Field Service Regulations of the Soviet Army(regiment-battalion). Military Publishing House of theMO of the USSR, Moscow, 1959.

3. Combat.Regulations of the Artillery of theSoviet Army (division-corps artillery). MilitaryPublishing House of the MO of the USSR, Moscow, 1959.

4. Combat Regulations of the Artillery of theSoviet Army (battalion, battery, platoon, gun). MilitaryPublishing House of the MO of the USSR, Moscow, 1959.

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6. Short Handbook on the Organization, Armament,and Operational-Tactical Norms of the Armed Forces ofthe USA. Genera/ Staff (Generalnyy Shtab - GSh), ChiefIntelligence Directorate (Glavnoye RazvedyvatelnoyeUpravleniye - GRU), Moscow, 1959.

7. Handbook of Tactical-Technical Data on theBasic Models of Armament and Combat Equipment of theArmed Forces of Great Britain, GSh, GRU, Moscow, 1959.

8. American Field Guided Missile System "Corporal"II. GSh, GRU, Moscow, 1959.

9. Information on the American Guided Missile"Redstone". Directorate of the Commander of Artillery, ChiefArtillery Directorate(Glavnoye Artilleriyskoye Upravleniye- GAU), Moscow, 1960.

lei

-24-

LIRCIqi;AP.K.

10. American Field Guided Missile , System "Lacrosse"I. GSh, GRU, Moscow, 1960.

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13. Combat Employment of a Battalion of TacticalMissiles. Training aid. Scientific-Research ArtilleryInstitute-1 (Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy ArtilleriyskiyInstitut-1 - NIAI-1), Leningrad, 1960.

14. Scientific-Research Work . (Nauchno-Issled-ovatelskaya Rabota - NIR) No. 121-59. Determination.of Settings for Firing fbr Effect by Missiles ofOperational-Tactical Designation. NIAI-1, Leningrad,1960.

15. NIP 34o, 100-58. Firing and Control of theFire of Heavy Rocket Artillery Using Rockets withConventional and Special Charges. NIA/-1, Leningrad,.1960.

16. NIR No. 123-59. The Use of ArtillerySurveillance Radar (Artilleriyskaya RadiolokatsionnayaStantiya Obnaruzheniya Mestnosti - ARSOM) Type RadarSets for Assisting the Firing and' Control of Fire ofGround Artillery (including tube artillery usingammunition with atomic charges).

17. Bulletin No. 5. Military Publishing Houseof the MO of the USSR, Moscow, 1954.

18. Shor Ya. K. Bases of the Theoryof Processing and Etaluating Ballistic Work

. Part 1. Scientific-Research 'Institute(Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut - Nil) of the GAU,Moscow, 1958.

filM SE

Srtçg c rT

..BArio]

19. NIR No. 113-58. Firing by Tube Artillery forthe Destruction of Launching Sites of Free Rockets,Special (chastnyy) report. NIAI-1,. Leningrad, 1959.

20. NIR "The Strength of the MO". Developing.Principles for Setting Up a Radio CountermeasureSystem of the Ground Troops and the Basis of the MainTactical-Technical Requirements for Radio CountermeasuresMeans. NIAI-1, Leningrad, 1959.

21. Krukovskiy, A.S. Study of Firing by DirectLaying Against Tanks Taking into Account Return Fire.Dissertation, NIAI-1, Leningrad, 1958.

22. NIR No. LA-21-54/1201. Developing New Methodsfor Range Testing of Ground Artillery Ammunition tor.Fragmentation Effect. Main Scientific-Research ArtilleryRange (Glavnyy Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy ArtilleriyskiyPoligon - GNIAP) of the GAU, 1956.

23. NIR No. 89-57. Study of the Effectiveness ofGround Artillery and Mortar Shells with Proximity Fuses.NIAI-1, Leningrad, 1959.

24. NIR No. 211-53. Developing Methods of Study-ing the Fragmentation Effect of Various Shells. NIAI-1,Leningrad 1954.

25. MIR No. 48 (210). Firing for EffectAgainst Observed and Unobserved Targets by a Group ofBatteries (Battalion) of Rocket Artillery. NI1-4,Moscow, 1955.

26. Instructions for the Employment of ChemicalWeapons by the Artillery and Rules for Firing withChemical Shells and Mortar Shells. Military PublishingHouse of the MO of the USSR, Moscow, 1959.

27. NIR No. 115-59. "Center-1" Organization andCapabilities of the e Intelligence of the Air Forces

—25—

-26-

LI. Fi 0 N CA Rri

Zat SF-- i PFT

(Voyenno-Vozdushnyye Sily - VVS) and Ground Troops.Special Report. NIAI-1, Leningrad, 1959.

28. NIR No. 142-59. "Analysis". The Basis forCreating an Army Artillery Point for the Coll ,..,ction andAnalysis of Intelligence Data and of the Requirementsfor a Radiotechnical Complex for Reconnaissance of theEnemy's Objectives Throughout the Depth of His OperationalFormation. NIAI-1, Leningrad, 1959.

29. NIR No. 207-60. "Branch" ("Vetka"). Pre-liminary Recommendations for the Planning and Control ofthe Fire and Maneuver of Missile Units in a Front (Army)Offensive Operation. • Preliminary Report. NIAI-1,Leningrad, 1960.

30. NIR No. 209-60. "Mountain" ("Gora"). TheEmployment of Missile Units in Mountainous-Wooded Terrain(from the experience of exercises of the TranscaucaeusMilitary District). NIAI-1, Leningrad, 1960.

31. Skor i ba, B.A. Certain Questions Concerning Combatwith Enemy Artillery Weapons of Atomic Attack. VAKA WorksNo. 30, Leningrad, 1959.

32. Problems in the Development of Artillery andIts •Employment in a Modern War. Military PublishinL Houseof the MO of the USSR, Moscow, 1959, Part 1 and 2.

33. Shkarubskiy, P.F. The Preparation of AtomicStrikes in Modern War. Collection of Articles of theArtillery Journal,No. 47, Moscow, 1960.

34. Varentsov, S.S. Problems of Fire in theDevelopment of Modern Military Art. Collection of Articlesof the Journal "Military Thought". No. 4 (48), Moscow, 1959.

35. Yeletskikh, G. Aerial Reconnaissance of TargetsIn Support of the Employment of Missile Weapons. Collectionof Articles of the Journal "Military Thought", No. 1 (51),Moscow, 1960.

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36. Reducing the Time for the Preparation of MissileUnits to Fire. Artillery Information Collection,No. 50,1960.

37. Gel'vikh, P.A. The Theory of Probabilities.The Press of the Artillery Academy, Leningrad, 1933.

38. Kashkin, L.P. The Organization of Combat withEnemy Atomic Attack Weapons in a Front Operation. Collection of Articles of the Journal "Military Thought",No. 6 (50),Moscow, 1959.

39. Zaika, Ankudinov, Buyev, Strel'chenko, Aderey,Khorenkov. The Organization of Combat with Enemy NuclearAttack Weapons in a Front Operation (comments on thearticle of Major-General of Artillery L.P. Kashkin).Collection of Articles of the Journal "Military Thought",No. 4 (54), Moscow, 1960.

40. Special Report on Subject No. 13. The Organi-zation of Combat with Enemy Nuclear Attack Weapons inthe Front. Higher Artillery Academy (Vysshaya Artilleriy-skaya Akadc-Aya - VAA), Leningrad, 1960.