Country Fact Sheet

Government at a GlanceLatin America and the Caribbean 2020

Government revenues in Ecuador have substantially increased

In 2018, Ecuador was the country with the highest revenues as a share of GDP (35.8%) significantly above the LAC average (26.9%) and not far from the OECD average (37.4%). Furthermore, between 2007 and 2018 general government revenues as a percentage of GDP (9.13 p.p.) increased the most in Ecuador. The explanation for this increase is manifold, including the effect of a recent rebound in the price of hydrocar-bons, but also structural factors such as reforms to the tax system, which included higher rates on income and inheritances in 2008 and the introduction of some new taxes (e.g. the exit currency tax). Efforts to modernise the tax administration and reduce evasion have also led to significant increase in the number of taxpayers in Ecuador.

Chapter 2: Public finance and economics

2.8. General government revenues as a percentage of GDP, 2007 and 20182.10. Annual average growth rate of real government revenues per capita, 2007-18

Ecuador has ample room for improving the quality of regulations against undue influence

With a score of 1 (0 being the lowest possible and 9 the highest) Ecuador has the third lowest score in the in-dex of quality of regulations against undue influence. This score is explained by several factors, for example, regarding conflict of interests, Ecuador does not have any regulations for political positions (e.g. members of cabinet or of legislative bodies) and doesn’t establish cooling-off periods.

Chapter 9: Public sector integrity

9.4. Index Quality of Regulations Against Undue Influence (pilot), 2018

Satisfaction with education is comparatively high

In 2018, 70% of people reported to be satisfied with the education system, the fourth highest in the region and above the LAC (63%) and OECD (66%) averages. Moreover, between 2007 and 2018, satisfaction with education increased by 7 percentage points, the third largest increase in the region.

Chapter 11: Core government results

11.11. Citizen satisfaction with the education system and schools, 2007 and 2018

Ecuador

Ecuador

-1.2%

-10% 0%-8% +2%-6% -4% -2%

-2.9%

-4.3%

Fiscal balance (2018)% of GDP

How to read the figures:

Ecuador

Country value in green (not representedif not available)

Average of OECD country values in blue

Range of LAC country values in grey

Public Finance and Economics

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook database

Values have been rounded. n.a. refers to

data not availableAverage of LAC country

values in purple

Government investment (2017)% of GDP

Government gross debt (2018)% of GDP

Ecuador

20% 120%40% 140%60% 80% 100%

108.6%

64.7%

45.8%100%

0%

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook database

3.1%

0% 1% 2% 3% 4%

1.6%

n.a.Ecuador

Source: IMF Government Finance Statistics database

Gender equality in public sector employment (2018)

60.2%

43.8%Ecuador

40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

51.0%

Public Procurement

Government procurementexpenditures (2017)*

% of GDP

6.0%

2% 4% 6% 8% 10%

n.a.

Ecuador

* See Notes Source: IMF Government Finance Statistics database

Support togreenpublic

procurement

A strategy/policyhas been developedat a central level

Some procuring entitieshave developedan internal strategy/policy

Support toSMEs

Support toinnovativegoods and

services

There has never beena strategy/policy in place

A strategy/policyhas been rescinded

Support towomen-owned

businesses

Support toresponsible

businessconducts

8 4 9 0

28 10 0 0

12 1 7 0 5 1 14 0 3 2 15 0 5 2 13 0

24 8 2 0 22 8 5 0 6 1 24 0 18 8 9 0

Ecuador

Source: OECD-IDB Survey on Public Procurement

Source: International Labour Organization ILOSTAT database

% of women

Public Employment

Strategic public procurement by objective (2018)

Public sector employmentas % of total employment (2018)

Source: International Labour Organization ILOSTAT database

21.1%

8.0%Ecuador

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

11.9%

iREG: Composite indicator on stakeholder engagementin developing subordinate regulations (2019)

Source: OECD Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance for Latin America

0

1

2

3

4

0.98 1.63

0

1

2

3

4

2.11

Ecuador

Methodology

Systematic adoption

Transparency

Oversight, quality control

Source: IMF Government Finance Statistics database. * See Notes

None

All

9%

33%

n.a.

Some25%

Most33%

Ecuador

No

Yes

62%

38%

n.a.Ecuador

Existence of participatory budgetingat the central/federal level

(2018)

Source: OECD/IDB Survey of Budget Practices and Procedures

The max. score for each category is 1, and the max. aggregate score

for the composite is 4

Regulatory Governance

Open Government Data

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.29 0.43

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.60

Ecuador

Data availability

Data accessibility

Government supportfor data re-use

Budgeting Practices Human Resources Management

Source: IDB-OECD Open Government Data Survey

Proportion of vacancies that are publishedand open to external recruitment

(2018)

High Moderate None

64%29%7%

n.a.Ecuador

Level of influence of theCentre of Government

over line ministries (2018)

Institutions

Source: OECD-IDB Survey on Organisation and Functions ofthe Centre of Government

Index of quality of regulationsagainst undue influence (2018)

Public Sector Integrity

Source: OECD Questionnaire on Public Integrity in Latin America

Composite index from 0 (worst) to 9 (best)

OURdata Index: Open, Useful, Reusable Government Data (2019)

Composite index from 0 (worst) to 1 (best)

Source: OECD/IDB Survey on Strategic Human Resources Management in Central/Federal Governments

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

91.00

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

94.08

Ecuador

Lobbyingregulation

Transparencyof in�uenceseeking

Con�ict ofinterestregulation

Satisfaction and confidence across public services (2018)

49%Judicial system

Education system

49%Health care

63%70%

34%38%

National government34%40%

EcuadorAverage

Range

Average

20

40

60

80

100

Source: Gallup World Poll

Notes

Ecuador

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6Higher

inequality

Lowerinequality

Before After Before After

0.470.37taxes and transfers

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Before After

0.47

0.32taxes and transfers

Higherinequality

Lowerinequality 0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Five OECDmost unequal

OECDaverage

0.43

0.58

n.a.

Gini coefficient: Differences in income inequality pre and post-tax and government transfers (2017)

For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes) and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: http://www.oecd.org/gov/government-at-a-glance-lac.htm

LAC and OECD averages for Public finance and economics and Government procurement expenditures are weighted.

* Costs of goods and services financed by general government are not included in government procurement because they are not accounted separately in the IMF Government Finance Statistics (database).

Indicator from 0 (low income concentration) to 1 (high income concentration)

Rule of Law Index: Constraint to government powers(2019)

Source: World Justice Project Rule of Law Index

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.46 0.53

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.76

Ecuador

Source: OECD Income Distribution database and Balestra, C., et al. (2018), “Inequalities in emerging economies: Informing the policy dialogue on inclusive growth”

Core Government Results

This third edition of Government at a Glance Latin America and the Caribbean provides the latest available evidence on public administrations and

their performance in the LAC region and compares it to OECD countries. This publication includes indicators on public finances and economics,

public employment, centres of government, regulatory governance, open government data, public sector integrity, public procurement and for the

first time core government results (e.g. trust, inequality reduction). Governance indicators are especially useful for monitoring and benchmarking

governments’ progress in their public sector reforms. Each indicator in the publication is presented in a user-friendly format, consisting of graphs

and/or charts illustrating variations across countries and over time, brief descriptive analyses highlighting the major findings of the data, and a

methodological section on the definition of the indicator and any limitations in data comparability.

Government at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean 2020

The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean 2020 are available via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication: https://doi.org/10.1787/13130fbb-en