ecovio® – comparative study of bags - basf plastics ...tr_tr/function/... · new business...

Environmental Evaluationpublished by New Business Development Biodegradable Polymers in Ludwigshafen, 2013

Comparative Study of Bagsverified by the Critical Review Panel

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The Eco-Efficiency Analysis was critically reviewed by an independent external review panel consisting of the following organizations:

Critical Review Panel

IntroductionThe study set-upNational model – base case & vision ecovio®

Model household

Content

Reason

Use

Transparency - the study is primarily intended to provide information to the public on the en-vironmental performance over the life cycle of bags made of different materials

Adequate communication tool for policy makers and NGOs

PurposeThe aim of the analysis is to demonstra-te the most eco-efficient life cycle for bags, the “2-in-1” concept: transportation of staple goods, reuse and disposal of organic waste, NOT the comparison of materials of bags

To exhibit the environmental benefits of pro-moting compostable bags for organic was-te, recycling as a pillar of the Roadmap to a Resource-Efficient Europe

IntroductionObjectives and use of the study

IntroductionObjectives and use of the study

Note: This methodology was used by the „Öko-Institut” (Institute for Applied Ecology)“ in Freiburg, Germany and in different Plastics Europe (formerly APME) studies. Öko-Institut uses a similar methodology with a different weighting system („Ecograde“). TNO in the Netherlands uses the BASF standard method with a different weighting system. The Wuppertal Institute on the method: “Basically, the large number of indicators used in the eco-efficiency analysis of BASF make relatively reliable statements possible …“. The method was initially developed by BASF and Roland Berger Consulting, Munich.

The study is based on the Eco-Efficiency methodology developed by BASF to assess the life cycle of all materials and energy required to fulfill a defined customer benefit (functional unit).

The environmental analysis follows the ISO standards 14040 and 14044 for life cycle assessment.

The methodology has been validated by the German TÜV in 2002 and by the US National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) in 2009.

The study set-upCustomer benefit and alternatives

Customer benefit

Transportation of 10 kg stap-le goods from supermarket to home, reuse of bag and dispo-sal of 2.5 kg organic waste

Bag made of:

Note: The customer benefit: “Transportation of 10kg staple goods from supermarket to home, reuse of bag and disposal of 2.5 kg organic kitchen waste” is considered during the whole life cycle. Bags considered in this study are designed to carry max. weight of ca. 13kg and max. volume of ca. 23l. Reuse is 1.5 times for paper bags and 2.5 times for plastic bags. Source: TNS Infratest: BASF Bio Bang Verhalten im Bereich „Bio-Müll“, Akzeptanz & Attraktivität biologisch abbaubarer (Einkaufs-)Tüten/ Verpackungen. 21.10.2010 Organic waste collected in bags weights 2.5kg. Source: Witzenhausen Institute. Main premises: total food waste collected in Germany in 2010 was 4.204,3 kt., 36,6 Million people have access and use properly organic waste management system, 2,2 people considered in a household, collection on weekly basis.

papervirgin PE

PE (25% recycled)BASF ecovio® film

BASF ecovio® FS film

The study set-upSystem boundaries example

Raw material aquisition & material production

Bagproduction

End-of-lifeUse

PLA

polymerisation

Corn production

Food waste

Corn milling / fermentation

Transportation*

Crude oil

Monomers(building blocks)

ecoflex® (fossil based)

BASF ecovio® Fblown film extrusion

BASF ecovio® F bag

Transportation**

Bag used 2.5 times for

transportation of 10 kg staple goods and 1

time for dispo-sal of 2.5 kg

organic waste

Composting of bag

Organic waste: composting rate 70%,

incineration rate 30%

BASF ecovio® F

* Transportation of BASF ecovio®

** Transportation of bags from converter to retailer Legend: Material/Process is not considered - Out of System Boundaries Material/Process considered in the system boundaries

National Model – Base Case

Use of ecovio® bags increases organic waste collection on the national level to 70% only. Reference: The Berlin project, Kanthak & Soeling, Müll und Abfall, August 2012

Only 10% of German population uses compostable bags for organic waste collection. Reference: Witzenhausen Institut

Credits for energy recovery: Energy recovery data are reported separately in the Ecoinvent documentation for organic waste (5.1 MJ/kg). This number is derived from the wooden parts in organic waste. Calorific value of kitchen waste is lower than the value given for organic waste (3.6 MJ/kg). Energy recovery by incineration of organic waste equals therefore the energy needed to run the incineration process. Source: Witzenhau-sen InstitutCredits for composting: credits for using compost as substitute for fertilizer are assigned to composting process of organic waste. Credits are not assigned to compos-ting of biodegradable bags, since the bags decompose into carbon dioxide and water.

Assumptions

The study set-upModelling the end-of-life (organic waste flow) for the alternatives

The study set-upModelling the end-of-life (organic waste flow) for the alternatives

Collection of food waste: The average increase of the collection rate due to ecovio® bag is 20% on the household level; having that 10% of the German population uses these bags leads to a 2% increase on the national level. This reflects the real world conditions .

orga

nic

was

te c

olle

ctio

n

PE/PE-25%recycled bag

NO b

ag

(was

hing

bin)

PE b

ag

residualwaste

BIOwaste

32%

68%

Paper bagPa

per

bag

PE b

ag

residualwaste

BIOwaste

32%

68%

ecovio® F/FS bag

ecov

io® b

agPE

bag

residualwaste

BIOwaste

30%

70%

Carrier Bags made of:

Incineration

Composting

National Model – Base Case

Methodology

Outcome

Values for environmental impact categories are normalized – the least favorable alternative is assi-gned a value of 1; the other alternatives are arranged on an axis ranging from 0 to 1. Since these are not absolute values, the relevance of the environmental impact differs among the categories. Aggregated and weighted data are presented in the environmental assessment portfolio.

ecovio® bags have environmental advantages over PE bags in the categories resource consump-tion, energy consumption and emissions. Land use and accidents are directly related to renewa-ble feedstock and farming - sustainable supply chain.

Results and Discussion

National Model – Base CaseEnvironmental Fingerprint

Decisive factors for each category: Energy- bag material production & cleaning the organic waste bin, Land use- occupa-tion of land for materials, type of land, Re-sources – materials and cleaning the bin, Risk potential- work in the field for material production, Toxicity- pre-chains, Emissions – e.g. carbon footprint – dominated by the organic waste disposal, water consumption relevant for the result.

land use

energy

emissions

toxicitypotential

occup. illnessesand accidents

resources

0,50

1,00

0,00

National Model – Base CaseEnvironmental Fingerprint


Citizens who collect organic waste in compostable ecovio® bags; 70 % of organic waste is composted, 30 % incinerated

Base case

All citizens who collect organic waste use compostable ecovio® bags; 100 % of organic waste is

composted, 0 % incinerated

land use

energy

emissions

toxicitypotential


resources

0,50

1,00

0,00

Vision ecovio® case

land use

energy

emissions

toxicitypotential


resources

0,50

1,00

0,00

National Model – Base Case & Vision ecovio® Environmental Fingerprint


Key drivers for the environmental impact in all considered categories are: a) functionality of the material -composting or incineration at end-of-life, and b) reuse rate of the bags.

Food waste management drives the results of the study and emphasize the added value of compostable material in the application where it makes sense.

Vision ecovio® case compared to the Base case: Progress in categories resource consumption and emissions for ecovio® due to the benefits for transforming organic waste into compost instead of organic waste incineration. Occupational illnesses and accidents are statistically higher in com-posting plants than in incineration plants, but the absolute values are insignificant for the overall environmental performance. Other impact categories remain un-changed.


Methodology:Impact categories are weighted and aggre-gated to demonstrate the overall environ-mental performance.

Base case: Evaluating the current situation, it was shown that even on this small purchase/usage scale ecovio® F bag is the most favorable alterna-tive from a pure environmental perspective, followed by PE and ecovio® FS grade bag with higher renewable content; however all alternatives are considered to be comparab-le from an LCA perspective (methodological non-accuracy of 10-20%).

Vision ecovio® case: Considering the fact that all Germany has to separate organic waste as of 2015 and thus looking into solutions for clean disposal and collecting as much organic waste as possib-le, compostable plastic bags should be con-sidered as a strategic solution. The vision ecovio® case reflects the positive effects of using more “2-in-1” bags in order to achie-ve the ideal scenario of fulfilling the national target by showing better environmental per-formance compared to PE and paper bags.

Citizens who collect organic waste in com-postable ecovio® bags; 70 % of organic waste is composted, 30 % incinerated

Base case Vision ecovio® case

All citizens who collect organic waste use compostable ecovio® bags; 100 % of organic

waste is composted, 0 % incinerated

paper BASF-ecovio® F filmPE (25% recycled) BASF-ecovio® FS filmPE

(hig

h)

env

ironm

.impa

ct(n

orm

.)

(

low

)



Model Household

3 parameters were found to be crucial for improving the environmental performance of ecovio® bags: CONVENIENCE EDUCATION ACCEPTANCE OF ORGANIC WASTE COLLECTION.

HOUSEHOLD EFFECT AFTER PURChASING DECISION

VOLUME INCREASE by using ecovio® bag for organic waste collection

RATE OF hOUSEhOLDS using bags for organic

waste collection

BASELINE OR-GANIC WASTE

DIVERSION

= x xVOLUME


Retailers & End-users – Way forward

Detailed results on environmental

Fingerprint

Environmental FingerprintCumulative Energy Demand

paper

2,5

3,0

2,0

1,5

1,0

0,5

0,0

MJ/

CB

PE PE (25% recycled)

BASF-ecovio®

F filmBASF-ecovio®

FS film

Weighting Factor 12%

materials

processing

disposal polyolefins

disposal biopolymers

ecoflex®

transportation

disposal paper

disposal organic waste

cleaning waste bin

back

0,014

0,012

0,008

0,006

0,004

0,002

0,002

0,000

-0,002

kg A

g-eq

/CB

Weighting Factor 8%

paper PE PE (25% recycled)

materials

processing



ecoflex®

transportation

disposal paper


cleaning waste bin

BASF-ecovio®

F filmBASF-ecovio®

FS film

Environmental FingerprintResource Consumption

back

net. values

1.800

1.400

1.600

1.000

1.200

800

600

400

200

-200

0

g C

O2-

eq/C

B

PE (25% recycled)


materials

processing



ecoflex®

transportation

disposal paper


cleaning waste bin

BASF-ecovio®

F filmBASF-ecovio®

FS film

Environmental FingerprintGlobal Warming Potential

back

paper PE

net. values

Environmental FingerprintAcidification Potential (AP)

0,8

0,7

0,5

0,6

0,4

0,3

0,2

0,1

0,0

g SO

2-eq

/CB

Weighting Factor 3%

materials

processing



ecoflex®

transportation

disposal paper


cleaning waste bin

back


BASF-ecovio®

F filmBASF-ecovio®

FS film

0,14

0,10

0,12

0,08

0,06

0,04

0,02

0,00

g C

2H4-

eq/C

B

Weighting Factor 2%

materials

processing



ecoflex®

transportation

disposal paper


cleaning waste bin

Environmental FingerprintPhotochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)

back


BASF-ecovio®

F filmBASF-ecovio®

FS film

0,045

0,040

0,030

0,025

0,035

0,020

0,015

0,010

0,005

0,000

g C

FC11

-eq/

CB

Weighting Factor 0,5%

materials

processing



ecoflex®

transportation

disposal paper


cleaning waste bin

Environmental FingerprintOzone Depletion Potential (ODP)

back


BASF-ecovio®

F filmBASF-ecovio®

FS film

250

150

200

100

50

0

I gra

y w

ater

-eq/

CB


materials

processing



ecoflex®

transportation

disposal paper


cleaning waste bin

Environmental FingerprintWater Emissions

back


BASF-ecovio®

F filmBASF-ecovio®

FS film

0,004

0,001

0,002

0,003

0,000

- 0,001

- 0,002

- 0,003

wei

ghte

d kg

/CB

PE (25% recycled)

Weighting Factor 1%

materials

processing



ecoflex®

transportation

disposal paper


cleaning waste bin

BASF-ecovio®

F filmBASF-ecovio®

FS film

net. values

Environmental FvingerprintSolid Wastes

back

paper PE

0,16

0,02

0,10

0,12

0,14

0,08

0,06

0,04

0,00

m2/

a / C

B

PE (25% recycled)


materials

processing



ecoflex®

transportation

disposal paper


cleaning waste bin

BASF-ecovio®

F filmBASF-ecovio®

FS film

Land Use

back

paper PE

0,35

0,0

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,15

0,10

0,5

-0,5

norm

.tox.

pts.

PE (25% recycled)


materials

processing



ecoflex®

transportation

disposal paper


cleaning waste bin

BASF-ecovio®

F filmBASF-ecovio®

FS film

Toxicity Potential

back

paper PE

1,4

0,0

0,8

1,0

1,2

0,6

0,4

0,2

-0,4

-0,2

PE (25% recycled)

Weighting Factor 9%

materials

processing



ecoflex®

transportation

disposal paper


cleaning waste bin

BASF-ecovio®

F filmBASF-ecovio®

FS film

net. values

norm

.Ilne

sses

&acc

iden

ts/C

B

Occupational Illnesses and Accidents

back

paper PE

ecovio® – comparative study of bags - basf plastics ...tr_tr/function/... · new business...

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