economy of indonesia from wiki

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Economy of IndonesiaFrom Wikipedia, the f ree encyclopedia

This article may beunbalancedtowards certain viewpoints. Pleaseimprove the articleby adding information onneglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on thetalk page. (June 2011)

Economy of Indonesia

Mega Kuningan Central Business District inSouth Jakarta.

Rank 15th

Currency Rupiah(IDR)

Fiscal year Calendar year

Trade organizations WTO, G-20, IOR-ARC

Statistics

GDP $1.0 trillion by PPP (2010)

GDP growth 6.1% (2010 est.)

GDP per capita $4,200 (2010 est.)

GDP by sector agriculture: 15.3%, industry: 47%, services: 37.6% (2010 est.)

Inflation(CPI) 5.1% (2010)

Population

belowpoverty line

13.3% (2010)

Gini coefficient 34.3 (2008)[1]
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Labour force 116.5 million (2010 est.)

Labour force

by occupation

agriculture: 38.3%, industry: 12.8%, services: 48.9% (2010 est.)

Unemployment 7.1% (2010 est.)

Main industries petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, chemical

fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism

Ease of Doing Business

Rank

129th[2]

External

Exports $158.1 billion (2010 est.)[3]

Export goods oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber

Main export partners Japan 16.3%, China 9.9%, US 9.1%, Singapore 8.7%, South Korea 8%, India 6.3%,

Malaysia 5.9% (2010)

Imports $127.4 billion (2010 est.)

Import goods machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Main import partners China 15.1%, Singapore 14.9%, Japan 12.5%, US 6.9%, Malaysia 6.4%, South Korea

5.7%, Thailand 5.5% (2010)[3]

Gross external debt $223 billion (30 June 2011 est.)

Public finances

Public debt 25.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Revenues $119.5 billion (2011 est.)

Expenses $132.9 billion (2011 est.)

Credit rating Standard & Poor's:[4]
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BB+ (Domestic)

BB+ (Foreign)

BBB- (T&C Assessment)

Outlook: Positive[5]

Moody's:[5]

Baa3

Outlook: Stable

Fitch:[5]

BBB-

Outlook: Positive

Foreign reserves $105.709 billion (March 2011)[6]

Main data source: CIA World Fact Book

All values, unless otherwise stated, are inUS dollars

Indonesiais the largest economy in Southeast Asia and is one of theemerging marketeconomies of the

world. The country is also a member ofG-20 major economies.[7]

It has amarket economyin which the

government plays a significant role by owning more than 164 enterprises and administers prices on several

basic goods, includingfuel,rice, andelectricity. In the aftermath of thefinancial and economic crisisthat

began in mid-1997, the government took custody of a significant portion of private sector assets through

acquisition ofnonperforming bank loansand corporate assets through thedebt restructuringprocess.

Since 2004, the national economy has recovered and undergone another period of rapid economic

growth.[8]

Indonesia regained its investment grade rating fromFitch Ratingin late 2011, and fromMoody's Ratingin

early 2012, after losing its investment grade rating in December 1997 at the onset of the Asian financial

crisis which Indonesia spent more than Rp450 trillion ($50 billion) to bail out lenders from banks. Fitch

raised Indonesia's long-term and local currency debt rating to BBB- from BB+ with both ratings is stable.

Fitch also predicted that economy will grow at least 6.0% on average per year through 2013, despite a lessconducive global economic climate. Moodys raised Indonesia's foreign and local currency bond ratings to

Baa3 from Ba1 with a stable outlook.[9]

Contents

[hide]

1 History

o 1.1 Asian Financial Crisis

o 1.2 Post Suharto

2 Investment
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ia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-guardian-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitch_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-guardian-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moody%27shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-guardian-4


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3 Economic relations with the United States

4 Macro-economic trend

o 4.1 Inflation

5 Structure of the economy

o 5.1 Agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishery

o 5.2 Hydrocarbons

5.2.1 Non-oil and gas mining

5.2.2 Quarrying

o 5.3 Manufacturing

5.3.1 Oil and gas manufacturing

5.3.2 Non-oil and gas manufacturing

o 5.4 Electricity, gas and water supply

5.4.1 Electricity

5.4.2 City gas

5.4.3 Water supply

o 5.5 Construction

o 5.6 Trade, hotel and restaurant

5.6.1 Wholesale and retail trade

5.6.2 Hotels

5.6.3 Restaurants

o 5.7 Transportation and communication

5.7.1 Transportation

5.7.2 Communication

o 5.8 Finance, real estate and business services

5.8.1 Debt Service Ratio

5.8.2 Banking

5.8.3 Non-bank finance institutions

5.8.4 Services allied to finance

5.8.5 Real estate

5.8.6 Business services

o 5.9 Small businesses

o 5.10 Other services

5.10.1 General government

5.10.2 Private

o 5.11 Indonesian migrant workers
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_of_Indonesia#Privatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#General_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Other_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Small_businesseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Business_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Real_estatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Services_allied_to_financehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Non-bank_finance_institutionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Debt_Service_Ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Finance.2C_real_estate_and_business_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Transportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Transportation_and_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Restaurantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Wholesale_and_retail_tradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Trade.2C_hotel_and_restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Constructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Water_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#City_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Electricity.2C_gas_and_water_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Non-oil_and_gas_manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Oil_and_gas_manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Quarryinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Non-oil_and_gas_mininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Hydrocarbonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Agriculture.2C_livestock.2C_forestry_and_fisheryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Structure_of_the_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Inflationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Macro-economic_trendhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#Economic_relations_with_the_United_States


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o 5.12 Expatriate workers

6 Public expenditure

7 Economic challenges

o 7.1 Labor unrest

o 7.2 Inequality

o 7.3 Inflation

8 Best performance

9 High Net Worth Individuals

10 Other data

11 See also

12 References

13 External links

[edit]History

In the 1960s, the economy deteriorated drastically as a result of political instability, a young and

inexperienced government, and economic nationalism, which resulted in severe poverty and hunger. By the

time of Soekarno's downfall in the mid-1960s, the economy was in chaos with 1,000% annual inflation,

shrinking export revenues, crumbling infrastructure, factories operating at minimal capacity, and

negligibleinvestment. Following President Soekarno's downfall in the mid-1960s, the New Order

administration broughta degree of disciplineto economic policy that quickly brought inflation down,stabilized the currency, rescheduledforeign debt, and attracted foreign aid and investment. (SeeBerkeley

Mafia). Indonesia was until recently Southeast Asia's only member of OPEC, and the 1970s oil price raises

provided an export revenue windfall that contributed to sustained high economic growth rates, averaging

over 7% from 1968 to 1981.[10]

High levels of regulation and a dependence on declining oil prices, growth

slowed to an average of 4.3% per annum between 1981 and 1988. A range of economic reforms were

introduced in the late 1980s including a managed devaluation of the rupiah to improve export

competitiveness, and de-regulation of the financial sector,[11]

Foreign investment flowed into Indonesia,

particularly into the rapidly developing export-orientedmanufacturing sector, and from 1989 to 1997, the

Indonesian economy grew by an average of over 7%.[12][13]

GDP per capita grew 545% from 1970 to 1980 as a result of the sudden increase in oil export revenues

from 1973 to 1979.[14]
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Suharto, the 2nd president of Indonesia. Under hisNew Orderadministration, the country enjoyed the sustained economic development from 1970s to 1996.

High levels of economic growth from 19871997 masked a number of structural weaknesses in Indonesia's

economy. Growth came at a high cost in terms of weak andcorruptinstitutions, severe public indebtedness

through mismanagement of the financial sector, the rapid depletion of Indonesias natural resources, and a

culture of favors and corruption in the business elite.[15]Corruption particularly gained momentum in the

1990s, reaching to the highest levels of the political hierarchy as Suhartobecame the most corrupt leader

according toTransparency International's corrupt leaders list.[16][17]

As a result, the legal system was very

weak, and there was no effective way to enforce contracts, collect debts, or sue for bankruptcy. Banking

practices were very unsophisticated, with collateral-based lending the norm and widespread violation of

prudential regulations, including limits on connected lending. Non-tariff barriers, rent-seeking by state-

owned enterprises, domestic subsidies, barriers to domestic trade andexport restrictionsall created

economic distortions.

[edit]Asian Financial Crisis

TheAsian Financial Crisisthat began to affect Indonesia in mid-1997 became an economic and political

crisis. Indonesia's initial response was to float the rupiah, raise key domestic interest rates, and tighten

fiscal policy. In October 1997, Indonesia and theInternational Monetary Fund(IMF) reached agreement on

an economic reform program aimed at macroeconomic stabilization and elimination of some of the

country's most damaging economic policies, such as the National Car Program and theclovemonopoly,

both involving family members of President Soeharto. The rupiah remained weak, however, and President

Soeharto was forced to resign in May 1998. In August 1998, Indonesia and the IMF agreed on an Extended

Fund Facility (EFF) under PresidentB.J Habibiethat included significant structural reform targets.

PresidentAbdurrahman Wahidtook office in October 1999, and Indonesia and the IMF signed another EFF

in January 2000. The new program also has a range of economic, structural reform and governance

targets.
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The effects of the financial and economic crisis were severe. By November 1997, rapid currency

depreciation had seen public debt reach US$60 bn, imposing severe strains on the government's

budget.[18]In 1998, real GDP contracted by 13.7%. The economy reached its low point in mid-1999 and real

GDP growth for the year was 0.3%. Inflation reached 77% in 1998 but slowed to 2% in 1999.

The rupiah, which had been in the Rp 2,600/USD1 range at the start of August 1997 fell to 11,000/USD1 by

January 1998, with spot rates around 15,000 for brief periods during the first half of 1998 .[19]It returned to

8,000/USD1 range at the end of 1998 and has generally traded in the Rp 8,00010,000/USD1 range ever

since, with fluctuations that are relatively predictable and gradual.

[edit]Post Suharto

In late 2005 Indonesia faced a 'mini-crisis' due tointernational oil prices risesand imports. The currency

reached Rp 12,000/USD1 before stabilizing. The government was forced to cut its massive fuel subsidies,

which were planned to cost $14 billion for 2005, in October.[20]This led to a more than doubling in the price

of consumer fuels, resulting in double-digit inflation. The situation had stabilized, but the economy

continued to struggle with inflation at 17% in 2005.

For 2006, Indonesia's economic outlook was more positive. Economic growth accelerated to 5.1% in 2004

and reached 5.6% in 2005. Real per capita income has reached fiscal year 1996/1997 levels. Growth was

driven primarily by domestic consumption, which accounts for roughly three-fourths of Indonesia's gross

domestic product. TheJakarta Stock Exchangewas the best performing market in Asia in 2004 up by 42%.

Problems that continue to put a drag on growth include low foreign investment levels, bureaucratic red

tape, and very widespread corruption which causes 51.43 trillion Rupiah or 5.6573 billion US Dollar or

approximately 1.4% of GDP to be lost on a yearly basis.[21]However, there is very strong optimism with the

conclusion of peaceful elections during the year 2004 and the election of the reformist president Susilo

Bambang Yudhoyono.

The unemployment rate in February 2007 was 9.75%.[22]

Despite a slowing global economy, Indonesias

economic growth accelerated to a ten-year high of 6.3% in 2007. This growth rate was sufficient to reduce

poverty from 17.8% to 16.6% based on the Governments poverty line and reversed the recent trend

towards jobless growth, with unemployment falling to 8.46% in February 2008.[23][24]

Unlike many of its more

export-dependent neighbors, it has managed to skirt the recession, helped by strong domestic demand

(which makes up about two-thirds of the economy) and a government fiscal stimulus package of about

1.4% of GDP, announced earlier this year. After India and China, Indonesia is currently the third fastest

growing economy in the Group of Twenty (G20) industrialized and developing economies. The $512 billion

economy expanded 4.4% in the first quarter from a year earlier and last month, the IMF revised its 2009

forecast for the country to 3-4% from 2.5%. Indonesia enjoyed stronger fundamentals with the authorities

implemented wide-ranging economic and financial reforms, including a rapid reduction in public and

external debt, strengthening of corporate and banking sector balance sheets and reducing bank

vulnerabilities through higher capitalization and better supervision.[25]
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[edit]Investment

Since the late 1980s, Indonesia has made significant changes to its regulatory framework to encourage

economic growth. This growth was financed largely from private investment, both foreign and domestic.

U.S. investors dominated the oil and gas sector and undertook some of Indonesia's largest miningprojects.

In addition, the presence of US banks, manufacturers, and service providers expanded, especially after the

industrial and financial sector reforms of the 1980s. Other major foreign investors includedIndia,Japan,

theUnited Kingdom,Singapore, theNetherlands,Qatar,Hong Kong,TaiwanandSouth Korea.

The economic crisis made continued private financing imperative but problematic. New foreign investment

approvals fell by almost two-thirds between 1997 and 1999. The crisis further highlighted areas where

additional reform was needed. Frequently cited areas for improving the investment climate were

establishment of a functioning legal and judicial system, adherence to competitive processes, and adoption

of internationally acceptable accounting and disclosure standards. Despite improvements in the laws in

recent years, Indonesia's intellectual property rights regime remains weak; lack of effective enforcement is

a major concern. Under Suharto, Indonesia had moved toward private provision of public infrastructure,

including electric power, toll roads, and telecommunications. The financial crisis brought to light serious

weaknesses in the process of dispute resolution, however, particularly in the area of private infrastructure

projects. Although Indonesia continued to have the advantages of a large labor force, abundant natural

resources and modern infrastructure, private investment in new projects largely ceased during the crisis.

As of 28 June 2010, theIndonesia Stock Exchangehad 341 listed companies with a combined market

capitalization of $269.9 billion.[26]As at November 2010, two thirds of the market capitalization was in the

form of foreign funds and only around 1% of the Indonesian population have stock investments .[27]Efforts

are further being made to improve the business and investment environment. Within theWorld

Bank'sDoing Business Survey,[28]

Indonesia rose to 122 out of 178 countries in 2010, from 129 in the

previous year. Despite these efforts, the rank is still below regional peers and an unfavourable investment

climate persists. For example, potential foreign investors and their executive staff cannot maintain own

bank accounts in Indonesia, unless they are tax-paying local residents (paying tax in Indonesia for their

worldwide income)[citation needed].

From 1990 to 2010, Indonesian companies have been involved in 3,757mergers and acquisitionsas either

acquiror or target with a total known value of $137bn.[29]In 2010, 609 transactions have been announced

which is a new record. Numbers had increased by 19% compared to 2009. The value of deals in 2010 was

17 bil. USD which is the second highest number ever.

[edit]Economic relations with the United States
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Graphical depiction of Indonesia's product exports in 28 color coded categories.

Indonesian exports in 2006

U.S. exports to Indonesia in 1999 totaled $2.0 billion, down significantly from $4.5 billion in 1997. The main

exports wereconstructionequipment, machinery,aviationparts, chemicals, and agricultural products. U.S.

imports from Indonesia in 1999 totaled $9.5 billion and consisted primarily of clothing, machinery and

transportation equipment, petroleum, natural rubber, and footwear. Economic assistance to Indonesia is

coordinated through theConsultative Group on Indonesia(CGI), formed in 1989. It includes 19 donor

countries and 13 international organizations that meet annually to coordinate donor assistance.

TheU.S. Agency for International Development(USAID) has provided development assistance to

Indonesia since 1950. Initial assistance focused on the most urgent needs of the new republic, including

food aid, infrastructure rehabilitation, health care, and training. Through the 1970s, a time of great

economic growth in Indonesia, USAID played a major role in helping the country achieve self-sufficiency in

rice production and in reducing the birth rate.

USAID's current program aims to support Indonesia as it recovers from the financial crisis by providing food

aid, employment generating activities, and maintaining critical public health services. USAID is also

providing technical advisers to help the Indonesian Government implement economic reforms and fiscal

decentralization and is supporting democratization and civil society development activities through non-

governmental organizations.

[edit]Macro-economic trend

This is a chart of trend of gross domestic product of Indonesia at market price s[30]by the IMF with figures in

millions of rupiah.
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Year GDPUSD exchange

(rupiah)

Inflation index

(2007=100)

Nominal Per Capita GDP

(as % of USA)

PPP Per Capita GDP

(as % of USA)

1980 60,143.191 626.98 10 5.25 5.93

1985 112,969.792 1,110.58 11 3.47 5.98

1990 233,013.290 1,842.80 16 3.01 6.63

1995 502,249.558 2,248.60 24 4.11 8.14

2000 1,389,769.700 8,396.33 53 2.32 6.92

2005 2,678,664.096 9,705.16 83 3.10 7.51

2010 6,422,918.230 8,555.00 121 6.38 9.05

For purchasing power parity comparisons, the US dollar is exchanged at 3,094.57 rupiah only.

Mean wages were $2.32 per manhour in 2009.

[edit]Inflation

In 2011, Indonesia's inflation rate was 3.79 percent, below the government-set target of 5.65 percent .[31]It

was the lowest inflation rate since 1998. [citation needed]

[edit]Structure of the economy

[edit]Agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishery

farming in Indonesia

Statistics Indonesiaprovisionally valued food cropyields at 213,529,700 million rupiahs in 2006 thus

registering over 35% growth since 2003.[32]Badan Pusat Statistikprovisionally valued estate cropyields at

62,690,900 million rupiahs in 2006 thus registering over 34% growth since 2003.[32]Badan Pusat Statistik

provisionally valued livestock and its derivative products at 51,276,400 million rupiahs in 2006 thus
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registering over 37% growth since 2003.[32]

Badan Pusat Statistik provisionally valued forestry at

30,017,000 million rupiahs in 2006 thus registering over 63% growth since 2003.[32]Badan Pusat Statistik

provisionally valued fishery at 72,979,900 million rupiahs in 2006 thus registering over 60% growth since

2003.[33]

[edit]Hydrocarbons

Badan Pusat Statistikprovisionally valued the oil and gas mining industry at 187,893,200 million rupiahs in

2006 thus registering over 97% growth since 2003.[33]

Indonesia was the only Asian member of theOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)

outside of theMiddle Eastuntil 2008 and is currently a net oil importer. In 1999, Crude and condensate

output averaged 1.5 million barrels (240,000 m3) per day, and in the 1998 calendar year the oil and gas

sector, including refining, contributed approximately 9% to GDP. As of 2005, Indonesian crude oil and

condensate output was 1.07 million barrels (170,000 m3) per day. This is a substantial decline from the

1990s, due primarily to aging oil f ields and a lack of investment in oil production equipment. This decline in

production has been accompanied by a substantial increase in domestic consumption, about 5.4% per

year, leading to an estimatedUS$1.2 billion cost for importing oil in 2005.

The state owns allpetroleumandmineralrights. Foreign firms participate through production-sharing and

work contracts. Oil and gas contractors are required to finance all exploration, production, and development

costs in their contract areas; they are entitled to recover operating, exploration, and development costs out

of the oil and gas produced.

Indonesia's fuel production has declined significantly over the years, owing to aging oil fields and lack of

investment in new equipment. As a result, despite being an exporter of crude oil, Indonesia is now a net

importer of oil products. It had previously subsidized fuel prices to keep prices low, costing US$ 7 billion in

2004 .[34]The current president has mandated a significant reduction of government subsidy of fuel prices

in several stages .[35]

The government has stated the cuts in subsidies are aimed at reducing the budget

deficit to 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) this year, down from around 1.6% last year. At the same

time, in order to alleviate economic hardships, the government has offered one-time subsidies to qualified

citizens.

Ore trucks in the mining area inWest Sumbawa, NTB.
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[edit]Non-oil and gas mining

Badan Pusat Statistikprovisionally valued the non-oil and gas mining industry at 130,861,000 million

rupiahs in 2006 thus registering over 145% growth since 2003.[33]

Indonesia is the world's largest tin market. Although mineral production traditionally centered

onbauxite,silver, andtin, Indonesia is expanding itscopper,nickel,gold, andcoaloutput for export

markets.

In mid-1993, theDepartment of Mines and Energyreopened the coal sector to foreign investment, with the

result that the leading Indonesian coal producer now is a joint venture between UK firms -BPandRio

Tinto. Total coal production reached 74 million metric tons in 1999, including exports of 55 million tons.

From January to August 2011, the coal production was 235 million tons and targeted 2011 coal production

between 340 to 370 million tons. Not all of the productions can be exported due to there areDomestic

Market Obligation(DMO) regulation which should fullfil the domestic market. In 2012, the DMO is 24.72%.

And starting 2014, there are no low-grade coal exports allowed, so the upgraded brown coalprocess which

crank up the calorie value of coal from 4,500 kcal/kg to 6,100 kcal/kg will be built in South

KalimantanandSouth Sumatra.[36]

Two US firms operate three copper/gold mines in Indonesia, with aCanadianandBritishfirm holding

significant other investments in nickel and gold, respectively. In 1998, the value of Indonesian gold

production was $1 billion and copper, $843 million. Receipts from gold, copper, and coal comprised 84% of

the $3 billion. Earned in 1998 by the mineral mining sector. India fortune groups l ikeVedanta

ResourcesandTata Grouphave significant mining operations in Indonesia.

April 2011: With additional ofTayan,West KalimantanAluminaproject which produce 5% of the world's

alumina production, Indonesia will be the world's second largest Alumina producer. The project will not

make the ores to becomeAluminiumdue to there are 100 types of Alumina derivatives which can be

developed further by other companies in Indonesia.[37]

[edit]Quarrying

Badan Pusat Statistikprovisionally valued the quarrying industry at 35,872,700 million rupiahs in 2006 thus


[edit]Manufacturing

[edit]Oil and gas manufacturing

Badan Pusat Statistikprovisionally valued the petroleum refinery industry at 119,833,900 million rupiahs in

2006 thus registering over 139% growth since 2003 [33]while the liquefied natural gas industry was valued at

53,791,300 million rupiahs in 2006 thus registering over 94% growth since 2003.

[edit]Non-oil and gas manufacturing

Badan Pusat Statistikprovisionally valued the food, beverage and tobacco industry at 213,173,300 million

rupiahs in 2006 thus registering over 38% growth since 2003.[33]
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_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=14http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Kalimantanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta_Resourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta_Resourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sumatrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Kalimantanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Kalimantanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_upgrading_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Domestic_Market_Obligation&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Domestic_Market_Obligation&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Tinto_(company)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Tinto_(company)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Mines_and_Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauxitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=11


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Textile, leather products and footwear industry was valued at 90,871,700 million rupiahs in 2006 thus

registering over 34% growth since 2003.

Wood and wood products industry was valued at 44,410,400 million rupiahs in 2006 thus registering over

48% growth since 2003.

Paper and printing products industry was valued at 39,968,900 million rupiahs in 2006 thus registering over

43% growth since 2003.

Fertilizers, chemicals and rubber products industry was valued at 95,765,000 million rupiahs in 2006 thus


Cement and non-metallic quarry products industry was valued at 29,015,100 million rupiahs in 2006 thus


Iron, steel and other basic metals industry was valued at 20,492,200 million rupiahs in 2006 thusregistering over 52% growth since 2003.

Transport equipment, machinery and apparatus industry was valued at 221,891,800 million rupiahs in 2006

thus registering over 87% growth since 2003.

Other manufacturing industries were valued at 7,148,300 million rupiahs in 2006 thus registering over 67%

growth since 2003.

In 2010, Indonesia sales 7.6 million motorcycles, which mainly produce in Indonesia with almost 100%

local components. Honda led the market with a 50.95% market share, followed by Yamaha with 41.37%

market share.[38]

In 2011, the retail car sales total was 888,335 units, a 19.26% increase from last year. Toyota dominated

the domestic car market by 35.34%, followed by Daihatsu and Mitsubishi with 15.44% and 14.56%,

respectively.[39]Since 2011, some origin local car makers have introduced someIndonesian national

carswhich can be categorized as Low Cost Green Car (LCGC).

[edit]Electricity, gas and water supply

[edit]Electricity

See also:Geothermal power in IndonesiaandNuclear power in Indonesia

Badan Pusat Statistikprovisionally valued the electricity industry at 21,247,200 million rupiahs in 2006 thus

registering over 51% growth since 2003.[33]The vast majority of production is with conventional fossil units,

but hydroelectric and other renewables make a contribution. Total electric production in 2005 was 100

TWh.

Indonesia has expressed interest recently in possible use of nuclear plants.

[edit]City gas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=16http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=16http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=16http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=17http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=17http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=17http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-37


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Badan Pusat Statistikprovisionally valued the city gas industry at 5,036,100 million rupiahs in 2006 thus


[edit]Water supply

Badan Pusat Statistikprovisionally valued the water supply industry at 4,115,200 million rupiahs in 2006

thus registering over 43% growth since 2003.[33]

[edit]Construction

Badan Pusat Statistikprovisionally valued the construction industry at 249,127,800 million rupiahs in 2006


[edit]Trade, hotel and restaurant

[edit]Wholesale and retail trade

Garuda Indonesiaairline at Adisutjipto International Airport, Yogyakarta.

Badan Pusat Statistikprovisionally valued the wholesale and retail trades at 386,872,500 million rupiahs in

2006 thus registering over 48% growth since 2003.[33]

[edit]Hotels

Badan Pusat Statistikprovisionally valued the hotel industry at 17,248,800 million rupiahs in 2006 thus


[edit]Restaurants

Badan Pusat Statistikprovisionally valued the restaurant industry at 92,214,900 million rupiahs in 2006


[edit]Transportation and communication

[edit]Transportation

Badan Pusat Statistikprovisionally valued railway transport at 1,345,000 million rupiahs in 2006 thus


Road transport was valued at 81,449,500 million rupiahs in 2006 thus registering over 106% growth since

2003.
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_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=26http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogyakartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garuda_Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=22http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Indonesia&action=edit&section=19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated2-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Pusat_Statistik


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Sea transport was valued at 16,120,700 million rupiahs in 2006 thus registering over 34% growth since

2003.

River, lake and ferry transport was valued at 4,510,700 million rupiahs in 2006 thus registering over 53%

growth since 2003.

Air transport was valued at 14,685,200 million rupiahs in 2006 thus registering over 96% growth since

2003.

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