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ECONOMIC CORRIDOR BUSINESS TOWER

GWADAR BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN

By

SYED IMRAN ALI SHAH CE12AR02

Supervised by:

Prof. Dr. Bhai Khan Shar Director

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN ART AND DESIGN MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

JAMSHORO, SINDH, PAKISTAN.

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

Bachelor of Architecture

August 2016

ii

DEDICATION

Every challenging work, needs self efforts as well as navigation of elders

specially those who are around the corner of heart.

My humble effort I dedicate to My Father

LATE SYED GULZAR ALI SHAH

My Mother

Who always encouraged and supported me in every stride of my

education.

Above of all i admire guidance of My Uncle

Who led me toward leading path.

My Brothers

Who have always been there for supporting and motivation.

iii

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN ART AND DESIGN

MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

JAMSHORO, SINDH, PAKISTAN

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work presented in this project report/thesis on “Economic

Corridor Business Tower Gwadar Balochistan, Pakistan” has been entirely

written by Syed Imran Ali Shah having Roll No. CE12AR02 himself under the

supervision of Director Prof. Dr. Bhai Khan Shar

____________________________

Project/Thesis Supervisor

Prof. Dr. Bhai Khan Shar (Director)

__________________________

External Examiner/

Examination Committee

____________________________

Mr. Jawaed Hussain Makhdoom

Head of Department

Department of Architecture

(CEAD,MUETJamshoro)

Dated:_________________

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am grateful to Almighty ALLAH for good Health and wellbeing that were necessary

to complete this book.

I want to thank My Family who despite hard times have provided me every comfort in

the life

I am thankful to my thesis supervisor Director, Prof. Dr. Bhai Khan Shar. I am

indebted to him for sharing expertise, and sincere and valuable guidance and

encouragement extended to me.

I am gratified to my teachers.

Asstt. Prof. Jawaid Makhdoom, Madam Hina Marvi, Madam Shazia Abro, Madam

Mehnaz, Madam Rabia Pir Bux, and all faculty members of Architecture department

and CEAD

I am very grateful to Mr. Aslam Mustafavi, Mr. Muhammad Younis Kangri who

guided and helped me at every step of my educational career.

I am thankful to my friends Ar.Rao Farhan, Mr Anas Abro, Ar. Salman shahid, Ar.

Saad Memon, Mr. Waqas Mustafavi, Ar. Ghazanfar Ali Panwar.

I also wish to express my well wished to

1. Mr. Daud baloch Director (P&D) Gwadar Port Authority

2. Capt. Gul Muhammad Director Marine Operation Gwadar Port Authority

3. Mr. Ahtisham Civil Engineer Bahria Icon Tower

4. Mr. Butt G.M Works Bahria IconTower

5. Mr. Umer Malik Assistant Professor Superior University Lahore

6. Madam Sabeen Shah Lecturer MUET, Jamshoro

I would also like to thank all my class fellows and Friends. I could not write all the

names here, but are always in my heart.

v

ABSTRACT

The development of any country depends upon the trading and business activities.

Imports and exports play an important role in stabilizing the economy of a country. It

represents a significant part of GDP. The concept provided by world trade centre in

not only to provide business relation but also to provide peace and stability through

nations. Pakistan is rich in natural resources, agricultural and minerals and we have a

lot to trade. But we have lake of opportunities. Now we have a right time to grow our

economy and trade because Pakistan Gwadar Port provide the shortest access for

trade and it will be new silk route from where Europe and Asia will do trading.

During my research and case studies I came to know that Gwadar Port Authority is

working on a project “Business Service Complex” on a area of 60 acres. On my visit

over there they explained and guided me about their future projects. One of these

projects is mixed use high-rise building for Business trading, banking, entertainment

and apartment. It was the same project I was looking for and interested to pick for

final year thesis. For designing a high rise mixed use building I chose to work on

rapidly growing architectural style “Pixelism”.

To understand the topic and project, available literature was reviewed. And I

had a case study of Bahria icon Tower and Finance and Trade Center Karachi. The

study and research outcome has been described in various chapters. Which are

mentioned in contents.

This study conclude to propose a mixed use 70 stories high-rise building

“Economic Corridor Business Tower” to get benefits from “China Pakistan

Economic Corridor” which will provide a place for investors and traders to run their

business. To design a mixed use High-rise building it is necessary to deeply analyze

each part and aspect of the building. For which I chose to work on “Pixelism”

vi

INTRODUCTION

As my thesis project is about mixed use high rise building for which I select my site

in Gwadar and my concept is pixelism. To understand each aspect of project, thesis

book is divided in 10 chapters. Precisely explained below

Chapter one provides knowledge of the project feasibility, scope of project and

inspiration and client of the project.

Chapter two “Essentials of Gwadar” contain background of Gwadar and distance

calculation from major places. Information about infra structure and climate condition

of Gwadar.

In chapter three Finance and Trading is briefly described and this chapter also contain

information about WTC origin, background, trade policy of Pakistan and list of

trading partners. And also have information of import and export relationship of

Pakistan with other countries.

Chapter four “Case Study” have data of three buildings related to my project that is

1- Bahria Icon Tower Karachi

2- Finance And Trade Center Karachi

3- World Trade Centre New York

Chapter five “Services in High-rise Building” contain deep study of high rise building

structure system, ventilation and HVAC system. Communication and security system,

vertical movement system and BMS etc.

In chapter six “Site Analysis” the quires and essentials of the site are discussed and analyzed.

Chapter Seven “Design Concept” contain knowledge about pixelism, its origin and

research about “moving past modernism” and also contain examples of the existing

and proposed buildings which is designed on Pixelist concept.

In chapter “Essentials of ECBT” emerging Need, Aims And Objectives of the project

is briefly discussed and contain a list of Banking and Trading and Foreign

Collaborated Industrial Offices for whom ECBT is proposed. This chapter also

contains design requirements of the project.

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title ................................................................................................................................ i

Dedication ..................................................................................................................... ii

Certificate ..................................................................................................................... iii

Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................... iv

Abstract ..........................................................................................................................v

Introduction to the Destination .................................................................................... vi

Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ vii

List of Figures ............................................................................................................ xiv

List of Charts.............................................................................................................. xvi

List of Tables ............................................................................................................ xvii

CHAPTER 01

PROJECT INTRODUCTION

1.1 TITLE OF PROJECT .....................................................................................02

1.2 SUMMARY OF PROJECT ............................................................................02

1.3 INSPIRATION ...............................................................................................02

1.4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................................02

1.5 SCOPE OF WORK .........................................................................................03

1.6 CLIENT OF THE PROJECT ..........................................................................03

1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY/ DATA COLLECTION ............................04

1.8 NEWS ABOUT CPEC AND GWADAR .......................................................04

1.9 FUNDAMENTALS OF CPEC ........................................................................04

1.9.1 Introduction .........................................................................................04

1.10 PROJECTS OF CPEC .....................................................................................04

1.11 CPEC ROUTE MAP........................................................................................05

1.12 HOW CPEC WILL BENEFIT PAKISTAN ....................................................06

CHAPTER 02

ESSENTIALS OF GWADAR

2.1 ABOUT GWADAR ........................................................................................09

2.1.1 Tehsils and Union Council Of Gwadar ................................................09

2.1.2 Historical Background .........................................................................10

2.1.3 Tribes Ethnic Groups and Languages .................................................11

2.2 GWADAR DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHY ......................................................11

2.3 CLIMATE OF GWADAR ..............................................................................11

2.3.1 Rainfall A D Temperature ...................................................................12

viii

2.4 TOPOGRAPHY OF GWADAR .....................................................................12

2.5 GWADAR PORT ...........................................................................................13

2.6 GWADAR INDUSTRIAL ESTATE ..............................................................13

2.6.1 GDA .....................................................................................................13

2.6.2 The Projects ........................................................................................14

2.6.3 Potential For Gwadar Industrial Estate ...............................................14

2.6.4 Planning And Design Service .............................................................14

2.7 GOVT. LIST OF PROPOSED INDUSTRIES FOR GWADAR ...................15

2.8 INVESTING IN GWADAR ...........................................................................15

2.9 GWADAR PUBLIC SERVICES ....................................................................16

2.10 GWADAR DISTANCE FROM MAJOR CITIES .........................................19

CHAPTER 03

FINANCE AND TRADING

3.1 IMPORTANCE OF FINANCE AND TRADING .........................................22

3.2 THE ORIGIN OF THE WORLD TRADE CENTRE ....................................22

3.3 WORLD TRADE CENTRE ASSOCIATION ...............................................23

3.4 WORLD TRADE CENTRE FOUNDING PRINCIPALS .............................24

3.5 WTC PRESIDENT .........................................................................................24

3.6 WTC DIRECTORS ........................................................................................24

3.7 WTC MANAGEMENT COMPANY .............................................................25

3.8 WTC LICENSING ..........................................................................................25

3.9 WTC MEMBER SERVICE ............................................................................25

3.10 TRADE POLICY OF PAKISTAN .................................................................26

3.11 LIST IF TRADING PARTNERS ...................................................................27

3.12 TYPE OF EXPORT WITH OTHER COUNTRIES ........................................28

3.13 TYPES OF IMPORTS IN OTHER COUNTRIES .........................................29

3.14 WHAT WTO MEANS FOR PAKISTAN? ....................................................30

CHAPTER 04

CASE STUDIES

4.1 BAHRIA ICON TOWER ...............................................................................32

4.2 FINANCE AND TRADE CENTRE KARACHI ............................................35

4.3 WORLD TRADE CENTRE NEW YORK ....................................................39

ix

CHAPTER 05

SERVICES IN HIGH RISE BUILDING

5.1 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM ..............................................................................46

5.2 VERTICAL MOVEMENT SYSTEM ............................................................49

5.3 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ...........................................................................53

5.4 SEISMIC CONSIDERATIONS .....................................................................55

5.5 WIND CONSIDERATION ............................................................................59

5.6 VENTILATION HIGH RISE BUILDINGS ...................................................61

5.7 DRAINAGE SYSTEM ...................................................................................62

5.8 BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .......................................................64

5.9 HVAC SYSTEM ............................................................................................66

5.10 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM .....................................................................69

5.11 SECURITY SYSTEM ....................................................................................69

CHAPTER 06

SITE ANALYSIS

6.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA .......................................................................71

6.2 CPEC ROUTE ................................................................................................71

6.3 PLANNING OF GWADAR ...........................................................................72

6.4 PROPOSALS ..................................................................................................73

6.5 SELECTED SITE DETAILS .........................................................................76

CHAPTER 07

DESIGN CONCEPT

7.1 WHAT IS PIXELS? .........................................................................................83

7.2 WHEN WERE PIXELS INVENTED? ............................................................83

7.3 UNDERSTAND PIXEL AND PIXELATION? ..............................................84

7.4 WHAT IS PIXELIST ARCHITECTURE AND ITS ORIGIN? ......................84

7.5 PIXELIST SURVEY .......................................................................................87

7.6 MAHANAKHON / OLE SCHEEREN, OMA ................................................87

7.7 PIXEL IN BEIJING MODEL ROOM .............................................................89

7.8 URBAN WOMB FAMILY COMPLEX, SOUTH KOREA ...........................90

7.9 CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................92

x

CHAPTER 08

ESSENTIALS OF ECBT

8.1 ECBT GWADAR SUMMARY ......................................................................94

8.2 ECBT WORLD BANKING SYSTEM ..........................................................95

8.3 ECBT FOREIGN COLLABORATION INDUSTRIAL OFFICES ................97

8.4 ECBT MOTOR INDUSTRY TRADING ........................................................97

8.5 ECBT TRADING COMPANIES ...................................................................98

8.6 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ...........................................................................99

BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................103

ANNEXURE ........................................................................................................... 104

xi

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 1.1 CEPEC route map ...............................................................................05

Figure 2.1: Gwadar Master Plan .............................................................................20

Figure 4.1: Bahria Icon Tower View ......................................................................33

Figure 4.2: Roof Structure of Icon Tower ..............................................................35

Figure 4.3: View of FTC Karachi...........................................................................36

Figure 4.4: FTC Lobby ...........................................................................................38

Figure 4.5: View of World Trade Centre, New York.............................................39

Figure 4.6: Grand Lobby of WTC. .........................................................................40

Figure 4.7: Central Open Space..............................................................................41

Figure 4.8: Showing the Internal Plan of Offices and Central Service Core .........41

Figure 4.9: Structural Section .....................................................................................

Figure 5.1: Showing the Central Service Core ......................................................45

Figure 5.2: Plan Indicating the Central Core and Useable Space Around ............45

Figure 5.3: Section Showing the Vertical Service Core ........................................45

Figure 5.4: Major Load Bearing Element Should Be Continuous vertically to the

foundation of the building ....................................................................46

Figure 5.5: Showing Transfer Beams or Truss Beams Which May Be Use to

Interrupt Vertical Load Bearing Elements Where Necessary ..............47

Figure 5.6: Rigid Core Structure ............................................................................47

Figure 5.7: Braced Core With Hat Truss ................................................................48

Figure 5.8: Rigid FrameTube .................................................................................48

Figure 5.9: Braced Frame Tube ..............................................................................49

Figure 5.10: Rigid Frame Tube with belt trusses ....................................................50

Figure 5.11: Showing Elevators Arrangement ........................................................52

Figure 5.12: Derivation of RTT For A Single Car ...................................................52

Figure 5.13: Graph For Up Peak Traffic ..................................................................53

Figure 5.13: A Typical Automatic Sprinkling System .............................................54

Figure 5.13: A Typical Automatic Sprinkling System ...............................................54

Figure 5.14: Escape Rescue System..........................................................................55

Figure 5.15: Showing A Fixed Base &Isolated Base ...............................................55

Figure 5.16: Showing Rubber Layers .......................................................................56

Figure 5.17: Showing Effect During Earth Quake ...................................................56

Figure 5.18: Showing Damping Device ...................................................................58

Figure 5.19: Showing Wind Loads On Building ......................................................59

xii

Figure 5.20: Showing Wind against the Building Placement...................................59

Figure 5.21: Showing the effect of shape on windflow............................................60

Figure 5.22: Wind Flow across the Building............................................................60

Figure 5.23: Showing a Perspective View of Wind Flow Against Building............61

Figure 5.24: Showing Concept of Shaft Faced Building ..........................................61

Figure 5.25: Showing the Effect of Double Façade Technique ...............................61

Figure 5.27: Showing the Air Movement Caused by Ventilation technique ...........62

Figure 5.28: Showing the Sovent System.................................................................63

Figure 5.29 Showing the Pressure Relief Zone .......................................................63

Figure 5.30 Showing Single Stack Sovent System .................................................64

Figure 5.31: A Basic Chart of Building Management System .................................65

Figure 5.32: Showing VRF System ..........................................................................66

Figure 5.33 High Reliability ....................................................................................66

Figure 5.34 Showing the Outdoor Units In Case Of Emergency ............................66

Figure 5.35 Showing the indoor Units In Case of Emergency ................................66

Figure 5.36 Showing Individual Air Conditioning in Different Rooms .................67

Figure 5.37 Provide Long Piping System Design ...................................................67

Figure 5.38: Showing the Comparison of Space Occupied By Compact And

Conventional Systems ..........................................................................67

Figure 5.39: Showing the Piping System .................................................................68

Figure 5.40 Installation (Simple Piping System) ....................................................68

Figure 5.41 Easy Moveable .....................................................................................68

Figure 5.42: Showing the Maintenance and Inspection Technique .........................68

Figure 5.43 Security Systems ..................................................................................69

Figure 6.1 Cape route ............................................................................................71

Fig 6.2. Planning, wind direction and yearly climate of Gwader .....................72

Figure 6.3 Location plan ......................................................................................73



Figure 6.6 Topography ..........................................................................................79

Figure 6.7 Orientation ..........................................................................................79

Figure 6.8 Landmarks............................................................................................80

Figure 6.9 Road network .......................................................................................80

Figure 6.10 Isometric View .....................................................................................81

Figure 6.11 Isometric View .....................................................................................81

xiii

Figure 7.1: As technology changes, so does the way we project images ...............83

Figure 7.2: Moving Past Modernism ......................................................................86

Figure 7.3: View of Mahanakhon ...........................................................................87

Figure 7.4: Circulation Space ................................................................................88

Figure 7.5: Building Apartment View ....................................................................89

Figure 7.6: View of Pixel in Beijing Model Room ................................................89

Figure 7.7: Pixelated Theme Interior......................................................................90

Figure 7.8: Façade of Family Complex Facility .....................................................91

Figure 7.9: Interior of Family Complex Facility ....................................................91

Figure 7.10: Spatial Vertical Zoning ........................................................................92

xiv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Summarizes the number of projects identified so far along with

estimated cost under CPEC ..................................................................15

Table 2.1 List of proposed industries for Gwader ...............................................15

Table 2.2. Gwadar distance from major cities ......................................................19

Table 2.3 Distance from city gwadar to top 10 cities of the world ......................29

Table 3.1. List of trading partners .........................................................................27

Table 4.1. General information of case study 01 ..................................................32


Table 4.3. FTC architectural facilities ..................................................................37


Table 5.1. General Guidelines for 5-Minute Handling Capacity and Average

Interval for Office ................................................................................53

Table 6.1. Site details. ...........................................................................................73

Table 6.2. Site Detail.............................................................................................74

Table 6.3. Site detail. ............................................................................................75

Table 6.4. Comparative analysis of of 3 site .........................................................76

Table 6.5. SITE DETAIL ......................................................................................76

Table 7.1 General information of mahanakhon / ole scheeren, oma ...................87

Table 7.2 Genral information of pixel in beijing model room / sako architects .89

Table 7.3 ‘Urban Womb' Family Complex Facility in Seoul, Korea ..................90

Table 8.1. Aims and objective of ECBT ...............................................................94

Table 8.2. ECBT world bank system ....................................................................96

Table 8.3. ECBT foreign collaboration industrial offices .....................................97

Table 8.4. ECBT motor industry trading ..............................................................97

Table 8.5. ECBT trading companies .....................................................................98

Table 8.6 Requirments of basements ...................................................................99

Table 8.7 Requirements of mall and food courts .................................................99

Table 8.8 Requirements of admin ......................................................................100

xv

Table 8.9 Requirements of common banks ........................................................100

Table 8.10 Requirements of foreign bank ............................................................101

Table 8.11 Requirements of investment banks ....................................................101

Table 8.12 Requirements of investment offices ...................................................102

Table 8.13 Requirements of Trading offices .......................................................102

Table 8.14 Requirements of Finance offices .......................................................102

Table 8.15 Requirements of corporate office floor ..............................................103

Table 8.16 Requirements of clubs........................................................................103

Table 8.17 Requirements of apartments ..............................................................103

xvi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ECBT ECONOMIC CORRIDOR BUSINESS TOWER

CPEC CHINA PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR

GDA GWADAR DEVELOPEMEN AUTHORITY

GPO GWADAR PORT AUTHORITY

WTC WORLD TRADE CENTER

WTCO WORLD TRADE CENTER ORGANIZATION

WTCA WORLD TRADE CENTER ASSOCIATION

FTC FINANCE AND TRADE CENTRE

CHAPTER # 01


Economic Corridor Business Tower Gwadar Balochistan, Pakistan

2

CHAPTER # 01


1.1- TITLE OF PROJECT

ECBT– Economic Corridor Business Tower (A Proposed Private Public Building for

CPEC Assistance)

1.2- SUMMARY OF PROJECT

The ECBT - Economic Corridor Business Tower is a companion project for CPEC

(China Pakistan Economic Corridor) which will be establish through Private

Industrialist Communal and this building will be serve as a hub of Multi Trades likes,

Import & Export, Finance &Trading, Banking, Hotels, Mix-used Offices,

Professionals Community and Entertainment Centers, Display Halls and others space

for assistance to CPEC activities .

1.3- INSPIRATION

Inspired by delightful project of the world highest Tall-Tower building Burj Al

Khalifa Dubai, United Arab Emirates, which is untold example of Interrelationship

Between Architecture & Modern Technologies as well as that’s covering the

requirements of a Mix Used development for Multi Trades.

1.4- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The Fundamental of Scope is to develop the national economy&to acquire revenue

from CPEC. It’s a strong brand name which helps not only provide economic stability

but also peace. The project stands vital as it will help to fill the gap between different

countries.The aims and objectives regarding ECBT is to facilitate provide an efficient

platform for business activities. The main objective is not only to provide business

with nations but to help nations come close to each other. It helps to bring peace

among nations through effective trade system.

The aim of the project is to study different aspects regarding high rise structures and

world trade centre complex. The complex will enhance stability, peace, world trade

and development leading to economic growth. ECBT will be consist of 70 stories

Centre of Excellence in Art and Design

3

including basement podiums which will be highest Tall-Tower Building of Pakistan

& it will be located at Gwadar City which dominant front of China Pakistan

Economic Corridor.

1.5- SCOPE OF WORK

To prepare a detail Master Plan

To prepare a detail Landscaping plan

To prepare a detail Parking plan

To prepare a detail plan of Administration

To prepare a detail plan of Offices

To prepare a detail plan of Banks

To prepare a detail plan of Dining and Restaurants

To prepare a detail plan of visitors floor

To prepare a detail plan of IT

To prepare a detail plan of Residence floor

To prepare a detail plan of Mechanical and Service area

To prepare a detail plan of Masjid

To prepare a detail plan of Entertainment floor

1.6- CLIENT OF THE PROJECT

Economic Corridor Business Tower is a companion project for CPEC (China

Pakistan Economic Corridor) which will be establish through Private Industrialist

Communal and this building will be serve as a hub of Multi Trades.

Generally Finance source will be through as under,

Traders Funds

Organization Funds

Share Holders

Purchaser income

Bank loans

NGO’s Funds

Rents & taxes


4

1.7- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY/DATA COLLECTION

1. Case studies

2. Internet research

3. Documentaries( related to mega structures)

4. Library research

5. Meetings with client of world trade center’s association.

1.8- NEWS ABOUT CPEC AND GWADAR

A brief survey of newspapers, internet, social media and dairies suggest that

many countries, including European Union, Canada, the United States and

Australia have shown interest in investing in Pakistan's economy. China-

Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a landmark project, which will

connect Pakistan’s deep sea Gwadar port with China’s Xinjiang region,

emerging as new business and trade hub following the launch Silk Road by

China.Shown in “Annexure of A” page 110.

1.9- FUNDAMENTALS OF CPEC

1.9.1 Introduction

China-Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC) is a mega project of USD 45+ billion

taking the bilateral relationship between Pakistan and China to new heights. The

project is the beginning of a journey of prosperity of Pakistan and China’s Xinjiang.

The economic corridor is about 3000 Kilometers long consisting of highways,

railways and pipelines that will connect China’s Xinjiang province to rest of the world

through Pakistan’s Gwadar port.

1.10 PROJECTS OF CPEC

Main Components of Corridor:

I. Gwadar ( including port and city and Gwadar region socio-economic development)

II. Energy (Coal, Hydel, Wind, Solar, LNG , Transmission)

III. Transport Infrastructure (Road, Rail, Aviation)


5

IV. Investment & Industrial Cooperation (Gwadar Free Zone and other industrial

parks to be finalized)

V. Any other area of interest mutually agreed

Table 1.1Summarizes the number of projects identified so far along with estimated

cost under CPEC

Sr. No. Sector No. of

Projects

Estimated Cost

(Million $)

01 Energy 21 33,793

02 Transport

Infrastructure 4 9,784

03 Gwadar 8 792.62

1.11 CEPC ROUTE MAP

Fig 1.1 CEPEC route map Source: www.pc.gov.pk/


6

1.12 HOW CPEC WILL BENEFIT PAKISTAN

The strategic ties between Pakistan and China have been on an upward trajectory

with moved thrust on economic interaction after the initiation of China Pakistan

Economic Corridor (CPEC) project since 2013. CPEC is a revolution in the field

of economics. Under CPEC, China would invest $46 billion in Pakistan for the

development of infrastructure and energy. CPEC is a futuristic economic

dimension of Pakistan in the 21st century. This multi-dimensional project has

opened Pakistan’s rebalancing options from geopolitics to geo-economics. It

includes four pillars i.e. the infrastructure, the energy requirements, workforce

development and economic progress. CPEC project is not an economic aid given

to Pakistan but it is an investment for the next 15 years.

This time frame is important for Pakistan as it is the duration in which Pakistan by

utilizing all of its resources and manpower could bring Pakistan into global

economic mainstream. It has been said that if CPEC utilized properly would

rebound the economy of Pakistan three to four times.

CPEC would be a game changer for Pakistan and for the region as well. The

CPEC would play pivotal role through economic incentives and regional

integration in the form of networks, connectivity and partnerships.

It is a mega project that has the potential to transform the lives of the people in the

region by opening common vistas of co-operation and development in the field of

economics.

CPEC is the broader part of the Chinese leadership and ambitious vision of

reconstruction of ancient Silk Road under the new One Belt One Road (OBOR)

initiative. This would incorporate countries such as Egypt in the Middle East and

European countries and important global points in Eurasia.

The network expanding in the form of Land Silk route and Maritime Silk route

would link the regional countries through trade leading to an economic boom in

the region.

Gwadar port has the rare distinction of being one the few points where one belt

and road would intersect. Therefore, Pakistan should deal optimistically with all

the challenges in building of CPEC and convert this golden opportunity into an

economic reality.


7

The CPEC project would not just integrate the commercial class or the business

class of the society but the role of youth and local masses would be central in all

development plans and projects.

The CPEC would not only attract the tourism and direct foreign investment in

Pakistan but would also help Pakistan to overcome its prevailing energy crisis.

CHAPTER 02



9

CHAPTER 02


2.1 ABOUT GWADAR

Gwadar was notified as a separate district on 1st July, 1977.The name originates from

Gwat which means air and Dar, the door. The district headquarter is in “Gwadar”

town. The district is located in the south-west of the Quetta City, the provincial

capital of Balochistan, sharing its boundaries in the west with Iran. District Lasbela is

in the east and Kech and Awaran Districts are in the north.

Due to the deep sea port, Gwadar District has been developing fast. It has a scenic

coastal highway that originates from district Lasbela and passes through the Gwadar

district. The district has a 620 Kms coastline along Arabian Sea. The most Significant

feature of the Gwadar District is Gwadar Port, a deep sea warm water port. It is

located on the eastern bay of a natural hammer-head protrusion of land, from the

coast, distended into the apex of Arabian Sea. By virtue of its geographic location and

developmental projects, Gwadar is going to be an advanced and developed coastal

city at par with other famous coastal cities of the world, in the coming years. The

terrain of the district is mountainous and consists of coastal plains and valleys having

an elevation ranging from 0 to930 meters above Mean Sea Level. (MSL)

2.1.1 Tehsils and Union Councils of District Gwadar

Tehsil Union Council:

- Gwadar - Ormara

- Gwadar Central Gwadar, - Hud

- Gwadar Southern, - Pasni

- Gwadar Northern, - Kallag

- Pishukan, - Nalaini

- Surbandar - Pasni Northern

- Jiwani, - Pasni Southern

- There Are Total 4 Tehsils and 13 Union Councils In The District


10

2.1.2 Historical Background

The Makran Region surrounding Gwadar was occupied by the ancient Bronze Age

people who were settled in the few oases. Later, it became the Gedrosia region of the

Achaemenid Persian Empire which is believed to have been conquered by the founder

of the Persian Empire, Cyrus the Great. During the homeward march of Alexander the

Great, his admiral, Nearchus, led a fleet along the modern-day Makran coast and

recorded that the area was dry, mountainous and inhabited by the "Ichthyophagoi" (or

"fish eaters"), a Greek rendering of the ancient Persian phrase "Mahikhoran" (then it

became "Makran"). After the collapse of Alexander's empire, the area was ruled by

SeleucusNicator, one of Alexander's generals.

In 303 BC, Gwadar witnessed the advent of Alexander the Great, followed by the rule

of Chandra Gupta Moria. A detailed history of the later period is missing.The

inhabitants of Gwadar were Baloch and their chief was Malik Jelaleddin, son of Malik

Dinar. In 1783, the Khan of Gwadar granted authority over Gwadar to Taimur Sultan,

the defeated ruler of Muscat. When Taimur Sultan reclaimed Muscat, he continued

his rule in Gwadar by appointing a governor there. Gwadar officially became a

district on July 1, 1977, when Makran Divison was created having three districts.

Gwadar town is the headquarter of Gwadar District. Previously, it was one of the 3

Tehsils of the then Makran District - before Makran was upgraded to a Division. For

administrative purposes, the district is further divided into two sub-divisions, namely

Gwadar and Pasni.

Gwadar became a part of Pakistan in September 1958. Keeping in view the needs of

the Central Asian States, Afghanistan and China, the Government of General Pervez

Musharraf decided to construct a deep sea port at Gwadar (third port of Pakistan) and

China assisted in building the port and the coastal highway. It is being planned to link

Gwadar to other major cities of the country as well as with Central Asia through the

railway and road networks.

The strategic location of Gwadar is very important, because it is 72 kms from Iran and

400 Kms from the Strait of Hormuz.

Gwadar deep sea mega project had commenced in March 2002. Annual rainfall

recorded in Gwadar is 100 mm (3 inches) on average, but, in June 2010 the city was


11

battered by a Cyclone 'Phet' followed with record breaking heavy rainfall of 372 mm

and winds up to 75 mph.

2.1.3 Tribes Ethnic Groups and Languages

The principal tribe of District Gwadar is Baloch, which is further divided into sub-

tribes that are: Kauhda, Hoath, Gichki, Kalmati,Dashti and Rind. The language

spoken in the district is Balochi.

2.2 GWADAR DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHY

Gwadar district covers a coastal zone. Main towns within this zone are Pasni, Gwadar

and Jiwani (near the border with Iran)

Estimated population in 2004:215,000(Gwadar district)

Geographic area – 12.637 sq. km.

Population density – 14.7 person per sq.km

Coast line – approximately 300 km

Population of Gwadar city – estimated 80,000

2.2.1 Land distances from Gwadar

Quetta 970 Km

Turbat 165 Km

Gabd 120 Km

Karachi 630 Km

Ratodero 892 Km

2.3 CLIMATE OF GWADAR

The climate of District Gwadar is hot and humid in summer and mild in winter. The

uniformity of temperature is a unique characteristic of the coastal region in

Balochistan. Occasionally, winds in Balochistan plateau bring cold spells, otherwise

the winter is pleasant. Winter is shorter than summer. The weather of district is

identical to that of the Middle-East as rain occurs mainly during the months of

December and January. However, the highest rainfall of 227 millimeters (8.9 in) in 24

hours was recorded on 6 June 2010.


12

2.3.1 Rainfall (mm) and Temperature (°C)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean Total

Rainfall 19.5 3.8 0 0 0 1 0 20 0 0 0 27 5.9 71.3

Maximum Temp: 24 26 31 33 34 35 33 32 33 34 31 27 31 -

Minimum Temp: 11 10 16 21 25 27 26 25 24 21 15 12 19 –

2.4 TOPOGRAPHY OF GWADAR

Geographically, Gwadar District is a vast mountainous region consisting of ridges and

hills. Between the ridges, the plains' soil is generally fertile and suitable for growing

wheat, cotton, fruit and vegetable. The coastline extends in the east-west direction and

is almost deserted. The Makran coast lies in the seismic zone. The coastline is deeply

indented with bays but its most characteristic feature is the repeated occurrence of

promontories of white clay cliffs capped with course limestone or shelly breccias,

which all approach the table topped form. The terrain comprises of ground elevation

of Makran coast range up to 1,000 meters above sea level. Pasni is about 0-200 meters

above sea level.

The important rivers and streams in the district include Shadi Kaur, Sawad and Dasht

Rivers with its tributaries Nilag and Daddeh.

Gwadar District touches the Hingol hills at its eastern end, which bound the western

side of the Lasbela plain. It continues the west-ward in one mass, of which little is

known about 64 east parallel, where it commences to bifurcate. The main mass

continues south-west and develops into the Talar-e-band ridge, which ends abruptly at

Suntsar above Dasht River. The other part continues westward from Tal-e-sar, south

of Hoshap in a well defined ridge, which forms the southern boundary of Kech valley

also called the famous Gokprosh hills. Gokprosh hills continue west-ward into Iran.

At Pasni the main mass runs down southward to the sea after which it again retreats to

enclose the Kulanch valley; on the western side, it once again stretches down an

offshoot south-ward in the shape of Koh-e-Dadamb. Throughout its length, the ridges

of Koh-e-Dramb composed increase gradually in height towards north, the watershed

being formed in the extreme north. As the slopes, approach the sea, and the height of

the hills gradually decrease and at many places seems to be a little more than a mass


13

of hillocks.

2.5 GWADAR PORT

Currently, Pakistan has two main operating international deep-sea ports: Karachi Port

and Port Qasim. During the coming years, their capacity expansion programs are

unlikely to keep pace with the expected growth in demand, resulting in a need for a

third port to fill the gap.

In particular, Karachi Port has significant physical limitations and will not be able to

grow at the same speed as the national growth in demand over the coming decades.

These limitations result mainly from its location, which is within the city of Karachi

itself, which has seen very rapid growth over the past years.

In the case of Port Qasim, although having a large physical space for

expansion, it’s possible speed of development is hampered by its up-stream location,

which is more than 40 km from the open sea, resulting in long turnaround times for

visiting ships. This is not a problem for cargoes that are linked to industries located

near the port, but it carries cost-disadvantages for cargoes that have origins and

destinations elsewhere.

Against this background, it was deemed timely to construct and inaugurate a

third deep-sea port for Pakistan so as to ensure that national development is not

hampered by a lack of national port capacity in the future. Given the expected rapid

growth in demand for port capacity, it is likewise important to continue expanding the

capacity of Gwadar port over the coming decades.

2.6 GWADAR INDUSTRIAL ESTATE

2.6.1 Gwadar Industrial Estate Development Authority

The Government of Balochistan developing an industrial estate in Gwadar to meet the

demand for industrial plots in the port city which is expected to have substantial

potential for industrial investment in view of the opportunities offered by the

establishment of deep sea port and construction of major highways linking Gwadar

with Karachi, Quetta, Iran and Central Asian countries. There are also plans to extend

railway to Gwadar.


14

2.6.2 The project

Location of the project is 40 km from Gwadar city on Makran Coastal Highway.

Overall 3000 acres of land south of the Makran Coastal Highway, has been marked

for development in three phases of 1000 acres each.

2.6.3 Potential for Gwadar industrial estate:

Gwadar deep sea port is the biggest catalyst for providing initiative for the industrial

development. Besides, a number of important infrastructure projects have been

undertaken or planned in Gwadar to make this city attractive for the investment in

industrial development. Some of these projects are:

Makran Coastal Highway has been completed by National Highway Authority, which

has substantially reduced the distance between Karachi and Gwadar. Besides, it brings

Gwadar into national mainstream. This highway acts as a catalyst for development of

Makran coastal region.

Gwadar – RattoDero Road work on Khuzdar-RattoDero Section is in progress to

connect Gwadar with northern parts of the country.

Gwadar – Panjgur Road work on this vital land link has been ongoing.

Remodeling of Akra Kaur Dam has been planned to augment water supply to

Gwadar. Moreover, Mirani Dam will also provide additional water to Gwadar.

Construction of 132 KV transmission line from Turbat to Gwadar is being executed

by WAPDA to use power supply from Iran.

A rail link is to connect Gwadar to Quetta also planned. The construction of a

new international airport is being taken up near Gwadar Industrial Estate, for the

operation of wide body jet aircrafts.

2.6.4 Planning and Design service

Topographical survey and detailed planning, engineering design of roads and utilities

of 2000 acres has been completed. Topographical Survey and detailed planning of

third Phase of 1000 acres is in process.


15

2.7 GOVT. LIST OF PROPOSED INDUSTRIES FOR GWADAR

The Master Plan will accommodate the following industries

Table 2.1 List of proposed industries for Gwader

Warehouses Information Technology

Garment Industries Compress Natural Gas Equipment

Textile Industries Paper Industry

Engineering Units Masala Industry

Chemical Industries Sea Food Industry

Pharmaceutical Electrical Industry

Furniture Industries Computer Assembling Parts

Leather Manufacturing Industries Manufacturing

Construction & Brick Manufacturing

Factories Printing Packaging

Plastic & Glass Industries Advertising

Fisheries Packing & Cold Storage Hardware Product & Locks & Padlock

Ice Factories Petrol Filling Service Station

Steel Mills & Manufacturing Factories Trade & Agriculture

Auto Parts Industries

2.8 INVESTING IN GWADAR

Gwadar is one of the most attractive destinations for all visionary investors, because

Gwadar seaport falls among world's deepest seaports. Gwadar seaport will be

connected with the subcontinents, west china central Asia and Afghanistan.

Geo-strategic importance of Gwadar ensures its place on the

global investments skyline. It is estimated that Gwadar seaport will increase 50%

GDP of Pakistan. Gwadar is the largest project in the entire history of Pakistan.

Economic analysts predicted that in future Gwadar seaport will play the vital role in

the economy of Pakistan like Swiss-Canal, Panama Canal, Dubai, Singapore etc.

Government of Pakistan is fully focused upon the construction / development of the

port and offered very attractive incentives to the international investors and

industrialists like 40 years tax holidays. International community including Pakistan,

China, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Iran, UAE, and Kazakhstan (also many others) are


16

heavily investing in Gwadar's mega developments.Main projects are including

Gwadar Port Development, International Air Port, Railway Lines, Coastal Roads,

World's fifth Gwadar Coast Center, Oil & Gas Pipe Lines, Refinery &

Petrochemicals, Solar Power, Wind Energy Setups, Mirani Dam and Akra Dams.

2.9 GWADAR PUBLIC SERVICES

2.9.1 Water Supply

Water supply is being improved, seven jetties are being constructed and local

fishermen are being given motor engine run boats.

2.9.2 Electric Power Supply

A number of electric power generation projects are also being carried out in Gwadar

and in its surroundings. The Quetta Electric Supply Company (QESCO), a subsidiary

of the WAPDA, has geared up the work for building the power transmission line. It is

expected to be completed. A power station of 132 KV is under construction.

2.9.3 Air Port

Gwadar has a small airport, which is basically meant for Fokker aircraft. The need is

growing for the expansion of this airport and enlargement of its runway to facilitate

the landing of wide body airplanes. CAA has been directed to upgrade the Gwadar

Airport for the landing of Airbuses by the end of 2004. Gwadar port will be open air

and after its inauguration the jet planes shall be landing at the Gwadar airport. A sum

of 2.3 million dollars is being utilized from Omani grant. The Pakistan government

and the Civil Aviation Authority are also contributing additional Rs. 563.35 million

for this purpose. The new international Air Port of Gwadar has been planned in the

north east of the final master plan of Gwadar.

2.9.4 Dry Port

China wants to set up a dry port near the Pakistan-China border, so that western China

could also benefit from the Gwadar seaport and it will create a ribbon of economic

activity and hundreds of new jobs along the proposed highway linking Gwadar with

the Karakoram highway in the north.


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2.9.5 Rice Zone

Rice Exporters Association of Pakistan (REAP)-apex body of the rice exporters in the

country- has decided to establish a rice zone in Gwadar to fetch the opportunities in

the area after the construction of new port. The establishment of warehouses will

provide extraordinary facilities to rice exporters especially for those who export rice

to Iran as the Iranian border is only at a distance of three hours from Gwadar.

2.9.6 Saindak Copper Gold

The Saindak Copper Gold project is in progress by producing 12500 tons 'raw copper'

daily. MRDL, a Chinese company, is doing the whole work. To ensure successful

implementation of the mega project modern machinery, including crushers, smelters

and other plants have been installed in addition to a 50 MW powerhouse. 33 km

railway line from Taftan to Saindak has also been laid. The Chinese company MRDL

has so far invested $25 million (Rs 1.5 billion) on the project.

2.9.7 Trans Afghan Gas Pipe Line

The 1400km-long Trans-Afghan Gas Pipeline (TAP) from Turkmenistan to Gwadar

(Pakistan), the long dormant project that hopes to pump Turkmen natural gas to

markets in South Asia, is finally poised to step off the drawing board costing $3

billion.

2.9.8 Makran Costal Highway

The 715 km Makran Coastal Highway linking Gwadar with Karachi on a 675-mile

stretch is going to be lifeline of the Gwadar project. It will be completed in four

phases. President Musharraf has already performed the groundbreaking ceremony of

second phase under which the Frontier Works Organization is constructing Gwadar

Pasni patch. Completion of this highway will open up the area exposing all business

opportunities in Gwadar and on Makran coast to the international investors. It is

certainly going to attract new townships and settlements of international investors,

tourists, and workforce coming from distant lands. The Makran coastal highway will

also link Karachi with Iran and, thus, open a new and shorter trade route between the

two countries. Gaining access to the more lucrative but landlocked central Asian

markets via Iran and Afghanistan is also on the cards.


18

2.9.9 Linking Cars

The Asian Development Bank has also announced financing for road projects, linking

PakistanBalochistan and Frontier provinces with Afghanistan and Central Asian

Republics (CARs), having a total cost of $500 millionMirani Dam and Canals Mirani

dam construction is another major endeavor being made to develop water resources in

the province. The WAPDA is working on the Mirani Dam Project. Its estimated cost

is Rs 7.5 billion. More than Rs15 billion would be spent on this project for which the

federal government has provided Rs2 billion in the fiscal year 2002-03. It is expected

to irrigate 32,000 acres highly fertile and of Dasht Plains in the downstream while

more than 20,000 acres in the upstream through recharge of hundreds of dead and old

Kans (deep wells linked up from the bottom ensuring a greater flow of water for

domestic use and farming).


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2.10 GWADAR DISTANCE FROM MAJOR CITIES

Distance from city Gwadar to 25 biggest cities of country: Pakistan

Table 2.2. Gwadar distance from major cities

Gwadar-Karachi 477 km Gwadar-Bahawalpur 1040 km

Gwadar-Lahore 1376 km Gwadar-Sargodha 1272 km

Gwadar-Faisalabad 1264 km Gwadar-Sialkot 1442 km

Gwadar-Rawalpindi 1403 km Gwadar-Sukkur 712 km

Gwadar-Multan 1063 km Gwadar-Larkana 646 km

Gwadar-Hyderabad 608 km Gwadar-Shekhupura 1354 km

Gwadar-Gujranwala 1395 km Gwadar-Jhang 1194 km

Gwadar-Peshawar 1332 km Gwadar-Gujrat 1412 km

Gwadar-Quetta 729 km Gwadar-Mardan 1377 km

Gwadar-Islamabad 1418 km Gwadar-Kasur 1362 km

Gwadar-Mingoara 1445 km Gwadar-Wah 1392 km

Gwadar-Nawabshah 623 km Gwadar-Dera Ghazi Khan 986 km

Gwadar-Sahiwal 1225 km

2.10.1 Distance from City Gwadar to Top 10 Cities of the World

Table 2.3 distance from city gwadar to top 10 cities of the world

Gwadar-Berlin 5089 km

Gwadar-London 5953 km

Gwadar-Los Angeles 13445 km

Gwadar-Moscow 3916 km

Gwadar-New York 11489 km

Gwadar-Paris 5786 km

Gwadar-Peking 5210 km

Gwadar-Rio De Jenerio 12501 km

Gwadar-Sydney 11382 km

Gwadar-Tokyo 7287 km

Gwadar-Prague 4960 km


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Figure 2.1: Gwadar Master Plan

Source :Parasestares.Com

CHAPTER # 03

FINANCE AND TRADING


22

CHAPTER # 03

FINANCE AND TRADING

3.1 IMPORTANCE OF FINANCE & TRADES

Finance and trades is the method importers exporters of commodities and goods use

to finance their business. Basically, finance and trade has been existence for many

thousands of years. Today finance and trade is a massive, multi-billion dollar

business. As world trades more and more goods and commodities are bought and

sold, so more and more banks and financiers are needed to lend money to finance the

purchase and sale of these goods and commodities-right across the global supply

chain.

A well developed and stable financial sector and an open international trading system

are two key components of prosperous economies. Finance and trade are linked in a

number of ways that are not always obvious. This study aims to show that trade

cannot flourish without a well-functioning trading system.Financial crises are among

the most important causes for disruptions in international trade. In such crises, trade-

related financing may become very expensive or even unavailable, and economic

disruptions depress demand for traded goods and services.

The availability of finance & trade, particularly in developing and least-developed

countries, plays a crucial role in facilitating international trade.

Exporters with limited access to working capital often require financing to process

or manufacture products before receiving payments.

Conversely, importers often need credit to buy raw materials, goods and

equipment from overseas.

3.2 THE ORIGINS OF THE WORLD TRADE CENTRE

The story of the WTC began in the 1950s, when several visionary New Yorkers

planned to make downtown Manhattan the home of world commerce. David

Rockefeller, who founded the Downtown-Lower Manhattan Development

Association with several New York, is based chief executives. Together the group


23

created a plan to unify and revitalize downtown, capitalizing on the city’s global

economic leadership.

The bi-state Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was an obvious partner for

the ambitious Trade Center project. The agency saw the concept of a consolidated site

of world trade as an unparalleled opportunity to “stimulate the flow of commerce

through the Port.” It was also a chance for the agency to refurbish the faltering trans-

Hudson commuter rail lines, complete with a thriving new Lower Manhattan business

destination to link to.

In 1962 the idea took root in Government, with sights set on the west side of Lower

Manhattan, known then as “Radio Row” for its many electronics stores. The 13-block

area bounded by Vesey and Liberty Streets, and Church and West Streets would be

home to the World Trade Center, closing five through streets to form one of the city’s

first “superblocks.”

The Port Authority selected Seattle-born architect MINORU YAMASAKI to design

the project together with a team of top engineers and architects. Less than two years

and more than 100 design concepts later, the Port unveiled the $525 million World

trade center plan to the public.

It was a complex of six buildings comprised of 10 million square feet of office space.

At its core were the Twin Towers, which at 110 stories (1,368 and 1,362 feet) each

would be the world’s tallest skyscrapers. Public sentiment ran from astonishment at

the sheer size of the towers, to both thrill and dismay at their monolithic, modern

design.

3.3 WORLD TRADE CENTRE ASSOCIATION

The WTCA was established in 1970 to facilitate international trade by bringing

together exporters, importers and service providers. The first seeds of the international

movement were sown in 1970 when the pioneer World Trade center- Houston, New

Orleans, New York and Tokyo and a number of World Trade center enthusiasts first

organized a World Trade Center’s Association.

The World Trade Center’s Association (WTCA) is a not-for-profit, non-political

association that fosters the WTC concept and develops inter-WTC cooperative


24

programs. WTCA membership includes nearly 300 WTCs in almost 100 countries.

Over 750,000 companies are affiliated with WTCA members worldwide.

3.4 WORLD TRADE CENTRE FOUNDING PRINCIPLES

To encourage the expansion of world trade.

To create and encourage mutual assistance and cooperation among members

To share the information by creating a extensive data base & linking it to all

branches

To foster increased participation in world trade by industrializing nations.

To promote international business relationships and understanding among

nations.

3.5 WTC ASSOCIATION PRESIDENT

GUY TOZZOLIhas been the WTCA President since its inception in 1970. The

innovative concepts pioneered by MR.TOZZOLI at the World Trade Center in New

York attracted International attention and were directly responsible for the subsequent

worldwide growth of World Trade Centers in every corner of the globe. After being

briefed by MR. TOZZOLI on the goals and activities of the World Trade Center in

New York, described the project as a "UNITED NATIONS OF

COMMERCE".TOZZOLI has sought to foster peace through trade. According to

him, the connection between trading and peace is just a common sense.

"If I do business with you, and you owe me money, it doesn't make any sense to kill

you. It doesn't make sense to go to war with one another; it makes sense to do

business with one another" said WTCA PRESIDENT.

WORLD TRADE CENTRE ASSOCIATION

3.6 WTCA – INTERNATIONAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS

The WTCA is governed by a 24 member international Board of Directors, composed

of executives from WTCA members around the world, and elected by the

membership. Eight permanent committees have been established to carry on the work

of the Association in the following fields:

Committee on international relation and development


25

Committees on facilities and function

Committee on public relation and information

3.7 WORLD TRADE CENTRE MANAGEMENT COMPANY

World Trade Center’s Management Company is the Official Global Property

Management Company to the World Trade Center’s Association.

The company is authorized to support the development and management of

new and existing World Trade Center license globally.

It was formed to provide support to World Trade Center applicants, support

for new WTC Property Developments, and the contracting of WTC Property

Management Services.

Under World Trade Center’s Property Management Services, the operational

standards of World Trade Centers are raised.

3.8 WORLD TRADE CENTRE LICENSING

The World Trade Center’s Association Licenses World Trade Center’s

globally.

Currently there are over 300 Worldwide WTC Licensed Members in over 100

Countries .There is a network of over One Million Corporate Members

Worldwide.

3.9 WORLD TRADE CENTRE MEMBER SERVICES

A WTC offers its members and tenants a wide range of facilities and services. Since

WTC services are reciprocal, members can access them at all operating WTCs around

the world.

3.9.1- Trade Information & Market Research

WTCs provide up-to-date information about their respective regions, including local

products and services, market conditions, government regulations and business

culture. WTCs furnish detailed profiles of local business contacts, including

manufacturers, distributors and services providers. They also perform market research

tailored to specific needs.


26

3.9.2 WTCA Online

The WTCA's internet website (http://www.wtca.org) is a one-stop trade information

hub for posting and reviewing trade opportunities, and communicating easily with

newly found business prospects. Its strength comes from the combined power of

nearly 300 WTCs producing trade leads and other vital information.

3.9.3 Trade Shows & Exhibit Space

WTCs take a leading role in hosting trade-oriented events. In addition, WTCs have

year round display space for local products and services.

3.9.4 Business Services

WTCs offer state of the art support facilities. This includes video conferencing,

Internet access, word processing and more. Flexible arrangements for temporary

office space, meeting rooms, secretarial services and translation capabilities are also

available.

3.9.5 Trade Education Services

WTCs offer practical international trade courses about key local and global business

issues. Interactive discussions about international topics are offered through a series

of seminars and workshops.

3.9.6 WTC Clubs

Promote business networking by providing comfortable lounge and dining services

for members and their guests. Offer private rooms with general office services for

various types of business gatherings. Networking forums are arranged on specialized

subjects to facilitate business contacts.

3.10 TRADE POLICY OF PAKISTAN

Trade policy is a collection of rules & regulations which pertain to trade. Every nation

has some form of trade policy in place, with public officials formulating the policy

which they think would be most appropriate for their country. The purpose of trade

policy is to help a nation’s international trade run more smoothly, by setting clear

standards and goals which can be understood by potential trading partners. Things


27

like import & export taxes, tariffs, inspection regulations, and quotas can all be part of

a nation’s trade policy. Some nations attempt to protect their local Industries by trade

policies which place a heavy burden on imports, allowing domestic producers of

goods and services to get ahead in the market with lower prices or more availability.

Trade Policy of Pakistan in order to address the challenges confronting Pakistan on

the economics fronts, Ministry Of Commerce has launched a comprehensive three

years Strategic Trade Policy Framework (2012-15) document. It would provide the

reference to different trade measures by the Ministry of Commerce and other

ministers from time to time. The overall objective of the STPF is to interventions by

the government, industry, civil society and donors.

The objectives of the new trade policy as:-

Meeting the obligations towards globalization of trade under WTO and

preparing the country for new challenges &opportunities.

Making the industry competitive to meet challenges of free trade.

Increasing Pakistan’s share in the international markets.

Achieving quantum jumps of exports through value-addition, aggressive

marketing.

Increase in freight.

3.11 LIST OF TRADING PARTNERS

The following is a list of Pakistan's main trading partners as of 2014-16

Table 3.1. List of trading partners

Country Percentage of Imports Percentage of Exports % of Total Trade

China 19.7 11.1 16.9

Europe Union 10.4 18.2 13.0

UAE 12.1 8.5 10.9

Saudi Arabia 12.2 8.5 9.0

United States 3.2 13.6 6.7

Kuwait 6.3 0.07 4.4

India 3.7 2.1 3.2

Malaysia 3.9 0.9 2.9

Japan 3.6 1.6 2.9

Iran 3.4 1.8 2.9

Afghanistan 0.3 7.6 2.8

Singapore 4.1 0.3 2.8


28

3.12 TYPE OF EXPORTS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES


29

3.13 TYPES OF IMPORTS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES


30

3.14 WHAT WTO MEANS FOR PAKISTAN??

Pakistan is the participant of the Uruguay Round & also the WTO. As member it has

to abide by the WTO’s objective of putting an end to the import duties which have

been reduced from maximum over 80% nine years ago to 30% at present. So what

does it mean for the many industries that have taken long years to take root in

Pakistan? Pakistan stills basically an agriculture-based country where cotton &

textiles make up 60% of export earnings and rice also plays an important part. United

States is one of the top trading partners of Pakistan and offers a good test case of the

relevance of the promises of fair and equitable trade the WTO assures Critics accused

the US to promote free trade only in sectors, which benefit it. As far as other sectors,

like textiles, are concerned it chooses to resort to protectionism, opening up more

sectors for free trade will give the developed countries more access to the resources of

the developing countries.

The US enjoys an immense influence in the WTO, which is quite often to further

expand its markets. This well-happened and corporate-driven expansion is too self-

centered because it does not give any benefits to other members. Pakistan has faced

many anti-dumping and quota related problems with the US for exporting its cotton &

textile products. Many other developing countries have faced the same problems.

For a developing country like Pakistan, which has been able to establish a range of

industries to cut its dependence on imports to save foreign exchange which most of the

time remains at a precariously low level, the free trade means an uneven competition.

The industries producing a range of finished products in Pakistan are still heavily

dependent in imported basic and raw materials. The increasing cost of utilities, it is

needless to mention frequent increase in power, gas and petroleum prices during last 18

months in particular and last few years in general have pushed the production costs to

an uncompetitive level. This has result in less demand locally due primarily to a

declining purchasing power, increasing unemployment level & a separate sense of

uncertainty. It has also taken its toll on exports by rendering products uncompetitive

against such traditional rivals as India, China, and Bangladesh etc.

CHAPTER 04

THE CASE STUDIES


32

CHAPTER 04

THE CASE STUDIES

Overall will try to pick up four case studies among them two international and two

based national, details are as under;

6.1- BAHRIA ICON TOWER KARACHI (Tallest Building of Pakistan)

6.2- FINANCE & TRADE CENTER KARACHI, PAKISTAN

6.3- WORLD TRADE CENTER NEW YORK

4.1 CASE STUDY- 1

4.1.1 Bahria Icon Tower

Table 4.1. General information of case study 01

GENERAL INFORMATION

Location Shahrah-e-firdosi road, Karachi

Total floor 62

Total area 4 Acers

Building type Commercial and residential

Parking 7 floors

Architect Arshad shahid Abdullah


33

Figure 4.1: Bahria Icon Tower View

Source: Author

Bahria Icon Tower is an under-construction topped out skyscraper located on coast of

the Arabian Sea in Karachi, Sindh , Pakistan. The complex is based on a 4 acre plot in

the up-scale Clifton area.

The 62-storey building mixed-used tower, when completed, will be the tallest

building in Pakistan. The building consists of 10 floors of serviced corporate offices,

40 floors of serviced apartments, Pakistan's highest located terraced restaurant and

Pakistan first double-decker high speed elevator along with a shopping mall. The

complex is owned by the Bahria Town Group.

4.1.2 Project Features

• Powerful location

• Mall of Karachi, mega mall with local & international brands

• 62 storey tower for serviced corporate offices

• 40 storey residential tower for serviced apartments

• CineGold Cinema, food court & fine dining restaurants

• Bahria President's Club with infinity pool, world-class gymnasium,luxury spa

and fine-dining restaurant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topped_out

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyscraper

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Sea

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acre

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifton,_Karachi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pakistan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pakistan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahria_Town_Group


34

• Summit, country's highest restaurant

• Altitude, country's highest terraced fine-dining restaurant

• Dedicated spaces & complete facilities for corporate meetings & conferences

• 7 basement floors dedicated for parking (accommodates 2,300 vehicles)

• World-class security infrastructure

• State-of-the-art IT & communication infrastructure

• Round the clock maintenance services

• Panoramic views of the city and the ocean

• 100% backup power ( No Load- Shedding)

• First building to have conducted wind-tunnel tests

• A cogeneration plant, water filtration plant, building management system and

advanced communication system

• Vertical transportation also employs high speed elevators including several

double decker elevators

• Developed in collaboration with the world’s finest consultants and architects,

both local & international

4.1.3 Structure

Rigid core structure system is used in icon tower. In which they provide double deck

elevator and emergency exit into the core. Wall of the core is 1 meter thick.

In foundation the structure is stand on pile foundation. In which they use pile capping

beam 2 – 3 feet thick. And concrete anchor is 10 meters deep.

There are 7 basements. Each floor has a height of 2.9 meters so total basement level

of 7 floors is 21 meters.

After 20 floors the give mechanical floor. From ground to 8 floor they use hollow

brick in walls. And in upper floors they use partition walls for offices and rooms.

For light weight and strong structure they use modular formwork slabs and metal

beam for support.


35

Figure 4.2: Roof Structure of Icon Tower

Source: Author

4.2 CASE STUDY- 2

FINANCE & TRADE CENTER KARACHI, PAKISTAN

Table 4.2. general information of case study 02

GENERAL INFORMATION

Location Shahrah-e-Faisal Road, Karachi

Total floor 11 (including Basement)

Total area 19163 Sq.Ft

Building Type Business and Commercial

Parking 3 floors for 350 cars


36

Figure 4.3: View of FTC Karachi

Source: Author

4.2.1 FTC Karachi

AFinance & trade center Karachi is a finance & trading zone situated in the heart city

of Pakistan Karachi. The FTC Karachi occupies a physical territory of approximately

19163 SQ: FT total area. FTC has its own legal system and courts distinct from the

wider U.A.E jurisdiction over corporate, commercial, employment, trusts and

securities law matters.

The FTC Karachi aims to provide a platform for business and financial institutions to

reach into and out of the emerging market of the region. FTC established to create an

environment for growth, progress and economic development in the Pakistan.

4.2.2 FTC Special Features

FTC is a prime business and commercially located in vicinity of shahrah-e-faisal

road, Karachi.

Total 19163 SQ: FT (11 floors including basement floors).

Wide open floor areas.

Dedicated areas for plants and ground floor for car parking space.

3 exclusive floors for 320 car parking.

Dedicated fiber optic connectivity.


37

100% self-generation of electricity for guarantying continuous and stable power.

4 high-speed elevators, monitored through a computerized system.

Centrally air-conditioned system.

24 hours 7 days air conditioning available for trading &investment offices.

Comprehensive security system with access control room, CCTV cameras and

guards.

Automobile building management system.

Fiber optic vertical backbone for voice and data communication.

Imported UPVC sewerage lines and high PPR water supply pipes.

Earthquake resistance R.C.C structure.

Wide open floor space with 24ftx27ft pillar grid.

Professional management and maintenance of the building with BMS.

4.2.3 Project Description

The tower bearing the name “Finance & Trade Center” is situated in the main

business city Karachi. The building itself is a striking and elegant design that provides

to tenants and other uses the latest in commercial service provision and peripheral

facilities including finance offices, trading offices, investment offices, IT floor,

meeting halls etc.

This finance building features 8 levels of offices space, 3 basement floors for car park

space accommodating 320 cars, multi-purpose meeting halls and conference rooms.

4.2.4 Finance & Trade Center Facilities

Finance & Trade center has been designed to encourage the culture exchange in

Karachi. Following the companies is the part of FTC Karachi,

Table 4.3. FTC architectural facilities

1 International financial institutions 8 IT floor

2 Investment companies 9 Conference halls

3 Trading companies’ offices 10 Basement car park space

4 Investment banks 11 Green lounges

5 Foreign banks 12 Ground car park space

6 Multinational banks 13 Restaurants

7 Meeting halls 14


38

4.2.5 FTC Building Security

The following discusses security features and arrangements that are present at Finance

& Trade Center Karachi.

This is a high security zone with installation of a security infrastructure to control

access of persons, vehicles and movable assets.

This infrastructure may employ various technologies such as card access, closed

circuit television.

Structural barrier placed at the site on the entrance controlled access gate only

permitted cars will allow.

The building equipment such as electrical panels and HVAC units are placed in

separate rooms which appropriately posted to prevent trespassing or “authorized

site access”.

A monitored Intrusion Detection System containing magnetic contact on exterior

perimeter doors and motion detection or detectors strategically placed in the

building arena.

Access to the alarm system control panel and security monitoring rooms are

secured in such a manner that the viewing and tempering by unauthorized

personal in strictly allowed.

On all 8 floors various high speed/resolution cameras are installed to cover each

and every part of the building.

Figure 4.4: FTC Lobby

Source: Author


39

4.3 CASE STUDY

World Trade Centre New York

Table 4.4. general information of case study 03

GENERLA INFORAMTION

Location New York City

Construction date 1966-1973

Owner Port Authority New York And New Jersey

Architect Minoru Yamasaki,Emery Roth and sons

Floors 110

Floor area 8.6 million sq ft

Elevators count 198

Height 417 m(tower 1) , 415 m(tower 2)

Status Destroyed On September 11, 2001

Figure 6.5: View of World Trade Centre, New York

Source: 4gress.Com


40

The complex, located in the heart of New York City's downtown financial district,

contained 13.4 million square feet (1.24 million m²) of office space, almost four

percent of Manhattan's entire office inventory at that time. It is best known for its

iconic 110-story twin towers.

Figure 4.6: Grand Lobby of WTC.

Source: En.Wikipedia.Org

Architectural Design

Yamasaki's design for the World Trade Center, unveiled to the public on January 18,

1964, called for a square plan approximately 207 feet (63 m) in dimension on each

side.The buildings were designed with narrow office windows 18 inches (45 cm)

wide, which reflected Yamasaki's fear of heights as well as his desire to make

building occupants feel secure. Yamasaki's design included building facades sheathed

in aluminum-alloy. The World Trade Center was one of the most striking American

implementations of the architectural ethic of Le Corbusier and it was the seminal

expression of Yamasaki's gothic modernist tendencies.

The Complex

With construction of 7 World Trade Center in the 1980s, the World Trade Center had

a total of seven buildings, but the most notable were the main twin towers which were

each 110 stories tall. 1 WTC (the North Tower, which featured a 360-foot (110 m)

high TV and radio antenna added in 1978, stood 1,368 feet (417 m high, and 2 WTC

(the South Tower, which contained the observation deck, was 1,362 feet (415 m)

high.The length and breadth of the towers were 208 feet (63.4 m) x 208 feet (63.4 m).


41

Although only Tower 1 featured an antenna, both buildings were designed to carry a

broadcast mast. The basement concourse of the World Trade Center included The

Mall at the World Trade Center, along with a PATH station.

Figure 4.7:Central Open Space


When completed in 1972, 1 WTC became the tallest building on Earth, unseating the

Empire State Building after a 40-year reign. 2 WTC became the second tallest

building in the world when completed in 1973. Regardless, the WTC towers held the

height record only briefly. As the building neared completion in 1973, work had

already begun on Chicago’s Sears Tower, which ultimately reached 1,450 feet (442

m). During a press conference in 1973, MINORU YAMASAKI was asked, "Why

two 110-story buildings? Why not one 220-story building?" His response was: "I

DIDN'T WANT TO LOSE THE HUMAN SCALE’’.

Figure 4.8: Showing the Internal Plan of Offices and Central Service Core


Structural Analysis


42

Twin towers have tube frame structure with steel load bearing columns on the

perimeter of the building. The central core is designed to carry vertical loads only.

This system provides the maximum flexibility in interior space.

Critical Analysis

The first world trade centre around the globe with excessive area for offices, mall and

other exhibit facilities, WORLD TRADE CENTRE NEW YORK was iconic for its

height and twin towers concept. The complex is huge and its proper platform for

carrying business activates. One of the important features is its location. First the

NEWYORK and second it is located near the port. The conclusion made from the

case study is:

The location of world trade centre is the most important thing.

The building should act as landmark as it has to support tenants al around the

world.

The planning of the buildings and creating relation between them.

The observation deck on the top floors providing a view to the wholecity is

also a main feature in high rise buildings.

There was a huge central open space and the buildings in complex were placed

around the open area and huge space for tenants.


43

Figure 4.9: Structural Section


CHAPTER # 05

SERVICES IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS


45

CHAPTER # 05

SERVICES IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

When we talk about high rise buildings, the questions which crop up in our minds are

regarding building services and management. In high rise buildings the most

important thing is a service core.

The access and services on

the floors is provided by

service core. As u can see in

the figure below, a typical

plan of high rise building

showing service core in the

centre of the building which

includes stair case, fire exit,

lift lobby, services lobby and

washrooms.

The external wall and the central core are the structural

components.

Figure shows another typical plan of a high rise, where

the service core is in the centre and the usable floor area

is around the periphery of the building.

SERVICE CORE

Useable Floor Area

Structural

columns

Figure 5.1: Showing the Central Service Core

Figure 5.2: Plan Indicating the Central Core and

Useable Space Around

Figure 5.3: Section Showing the

Vertical Service Core


46

There are many aspects which we need to understand before starting with high rise

buildings. These include

1. Structural System

2. Vertical Movement System

3. Fire Fighting System

4. Seismic Considerations

5. Wind Effects

6. Drainage System

7. Building Management System

8. Heating Ventilation And Air Conditioning System

9. Communication System

10. Security Systems

5.1 STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

As the height of the building increases, the design of its the structural system becomes

increasingly more complex and specialized. The great vertical load, the effect of the

wind, earthquake forces specific to building site, the local foundation

conditionare all important factors.

Vertical Load Resisting System

In tall buildings, columns and beams systems are

predominant due to their efficient use of space, vertically as a

structural system, and ease of construction. Because of large

gravity loads associated with tall buildings special care

should be taken that major structural elements are not

interrupted vertically. Building cores, columns, and load

bearing walls should not shift laterally from floor to

floor and should be continuous from the roof to the

foundation of the building.

Unique spaces in the lower portions of tall buildings, such as auditoriums, lobbies,

atriums, or other public facilities, often require longer span systems that must

interrupt the paths of load bearing elements from above. The changes in the massing

Figure 5.4: Major Load

Bearing Element Should Be

Continuous vertically to the

foundation of the building


47

of a building or in a programmed

uses at difference levels within the

building may dictate changes in the

arrangement or spacing of structural

elements for these different areas.

Where such changes in structural

configuration must occur, the effect

may range from the use of transfer

beams or truss designed to

redistribute vertical loads

horizontally to, in extreme cases, the

reconsideration of the basic structural

configuration or programmatic

organization of the building.

Core structures

Core structure systems are the most commonly used to stabilize the tall buildings.

These structures integrate stabilizing elements of the structure into the vertical cores

that house circulation and mechanical systems in tall

buildings. One of the principal advantages of these

structures is that with the incorporation of the resisting

elements into the building core, interference with the

surrounding useable space in the building is

minimized.

In buildings with more than one core the cores would

be located symmetrically in the building plan so as to

provide balanced resistance under lateral loads from

any direction. A single core servicing an entire building

should be located at the centre of the building. Cores

typically comprise approximately 20%-25% of the total floor area. They should be

formed as closed elements, approximately square or cylindrical with openings into the

core kept to minimum.

Figure 5.5: Showing Transfer Beams or Truss

Beams Which May Be Use to Interrupt Vertical

Load Bearing Elements Where Necessary

Figure 5.6: Rigid Core Structure


48

Core structures can be enhanced with the addition

of braces in the form of HAT TRUSSES. Hat

trusses involve the perimeter columns of the

building in resisting lateral loads, thus

significantly improving the overall performance of

the building. Columns at the perimeter of the

building may also increase in size with this

system. The core-interactive structures are suitable

for buildings up to approximately 55 stories in

height.

Tube structures

The tallest buildings currently being constructed are

designed as tube structures. In this system stabilizing

elements are located at the perimeter of the structure,

leaving the layout of the interior of the building virtually

unrestricted by considerations of lateral stability. Either

braced frame or rigid frame elements, constructed from

either steel or concrete, may be used. Simple tube

structures and their variations are generally used for

buildings approximately 50 to 55 stories or greater in

height.

The use of rigid frame tubes may affect the size and spacing

of framing elements at the perimeter of the building. Beams

may need to be deeper and columns may need to be larger and

more closely spaced than would otherwise be required.

The braced frame tubes are one of the most structurally

efficient lateral load resisting configuration, when built in

steel , these structures also rely on more easily constructed bolted connections. The

diagonal braces that are integral part of this system often have significant impact on

the appearance of the building facade. The performance of rigid frame structures may

Figure 5.7: Braced Core With Hat Truss

Figure 5.8: Rigid FrameTube

Figure 5.9: Braced Frame

Tube


49

be enhanced with the addition of belt trusses located at the

perimeter of the structures as shown in fig 5.10. These trusses

may be located at various levels in the structure.

Variations in tube structures are also possible. Tube –in tube

structures, in which perimeter tubes interact with rigid cores,

may be designed for enhanced structural performance. Bundled

tube structures permits greater variation in the massing of

structure and can enhance the overall performance of the

structure.

5.2 VERTICAL MOVEMENT SYSTEM

It is necessary to decide minimum numbers/ capacity/ speed of elevators and

escalators for each type of building.

Important Factors Effecting The Planning And Design Are:

1. Mode of people movement/circulation

2. Type of transportation systems

3. Human behavior and factors

4. Circulation efficiency (location , arrangement & coordination)

5. Fire & safety regulations

6. Building functions and lift functions

7. Types and density of occupancy

8. Traffic patterns

Zoning:

In modern high rise buildings each lift is not usually required to service every level,

as this would imply a large number of stops during each trip. The effect is to increase

the round trip time, which in turn increases the interval and the passenger waiting

time and the passengers have to endure long journey times.

The solution is to limit the number of floors served by the lifts. A rule of thumb is to

serve a maximum of 15-16 floors with a lift, or a group of lifts.

Figure 5.10: Rigid Frame

Tube with belt trusses


50

This introduces the concept of zoning. Zoning is where a building is divided so that a

lift or group of lifts is constrained to only serve a designated set of floors. There are

two forms of zoning: Interleaved and stacked.

An Interleaved Zone is where the whole building is served by lifts, which are

arranged to serve either the even floors or the odd floors. This has been a common

practice in public housing and has been used in some office buildings. So for

example in a 16 floor residential building one lift may serve: G,1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,

whilst another lift serves: G,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16.

A STACKED ZONE building is where a tall building is divided into horizontal

layers, in effect, stacking several buildings on top of each other, with a common

`footprint' in order to save ground space. It is a recommended practice for office and

institutional buildings.

Behaviour Of Lifts During A Fire:

When a fire breaks out, there may be passengers travelling or it may be empty. The

main obstacle to dealing with the behaviour of lifts in the event of fire is that only a

very small percentage of buildings are technologically sophisticated (intelligent

buildings) to be able to send the necessary signals to the lift system.

Until all buildings install the technology, and lifts can be designed and installed to

remain in use during a fire, all persons should be discouraged from using a lift by the

words:

‘’DO NOT USE THE LIFTS IN THE EVENT OF FIRE’’

Elevator Design (For Office Building)

Elevator Arrangement

Figure 5.11: Showing Elevators Arrangement


51

Approximately Number of Elevators

Number of Elevators = Population in the Office/ (150-300)

Elevator Capacity

NNuummbbeerr ooff nneecceessssaarryy eelleevvaattoorrss 11 ~~ 22 ccaarrss 33 ccaarrss 44 ccaarrss oorr mmoorree

EElleevvaattoorr ccaappaacciittyy 66 ~~ 1177 1111 ~~ 2244 1155 ~~ 2244

Speed of Elevators

Speed = Number of Stops x 10 (m/min)

Traffic Analysis

Evaluation of Traffic Analysis:

1) Average Interval Time (Average Waiting Time)

2) 5-minutes handling efficiency

Where

Average Interval Time= Round Trip Time (RTT)/Number of elevators in the group

5-Minute Handling Capacity

5-minute handling capacity in terms of person/car is defined as:

5-minute handling capacity (person/car) = (5x60) r/RTT

Where r is the car density

Necessary information for traffic analysis

Building data (Floor height, Floor data, Service floor, etc)

Population of each floor

Evaluation criteria

Round trip time

The time between an elevators leaving the main floor and returning thereto, it is

defined as:

RTT = Tr+Td+Tp+T1


52

Where, T r is the running time

Td is the door close/open time

Tp is the passenger transfer time, and

T1 is the loss time

Figure 5.12: Derivation of RTT For A Single Car

Peak Time

For offices peak time is

in the morning.

Shaded area shows

percentage of building

population that arrives

over 30min of

peakactivity

Figure 5.13: Graph For Up Peak Traffic


53

Table 5.1. General Guidelines for 5-Minute Handling Capacity and Average Interval for Office

5.3 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM:

One of the most important aspects in designing high-rise building is to provide

efficient fire fighting systems. When a fire breaks out on a floor which is beyond the

reach of the fire department tallest ladder, the only way is to provide the internal fire

fighting systems.

There are different systems which are standardized by NFPA codes according to the

requirement.

NFPA 13 Standards for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems

NFPA 14 Standards for the Installation of Standpipes and Hose Systems

NFPA 10 Standards for Portable Fire Extinguishers

In spite of all chemical

developments in the field of

fire fighting, water still

remains the most

economical and dependable

fire extinguishing medium,

due to no-cost factor and

continuity of supply.

O

F

F

I

C

E

Building Use 5-Min Handling

Efficiency

Average Interval

Occupied By Single Company 20-25% 30 Sec Or Less

Occupied By Multiple

Companies

16-20% 30 Sec Or Less

Office For Rent 11-15% 40 Sec Or Less

Figure 5.13: A Typical Automatic Sprinkling System


54

A proper FIRE HYDRANT AND SPRINKLER system ensures an adequate, un-

interrupted water supply, under sufficient pressure, at all strategic points of a

building/factory in such a way that fire can be attacked immediately, with minimum

loss of time and with maximum efficiency.

The water supply should be at least 2-3 hrs

depending on the function of the building.

There must be huge storage of water

underground which is attached the

pumping system. The pumping system

works with electricity. In case of adverse

situation or inavailabity of electricity the

pumps are automatically connected to

alternate diesel engine.

Fire Escapes

When designing and maintaining exits, it is essential to ensure that routes leading to

the exits, as well as the areas beyond the exits, are accessible and free from materials

or items that would impede individuals from easily and effectively evacuating.

.

Escape Rescue System

An Israeli company called escape rescue systems suggests that building managers

have collapsible escape cabins stored on the roof. The cabins, which could carry 150

people, would swing onto the side of the building and descend to the ground quickly.

Figure 5.13: A Typical Automatic

Sprinkling System

Figure 5.14: Escape Rescue System

http://www.escaperescue.com/work/index.php?tab=2


55

5.4 SEISMIC CONSIDERATIONS

The conventional approach to earthquake resistant design of buildings depends upon

providing the building with strength, stiffness and inelastic deformation capacity

which are great enough to withstand a given level of earthquake generated force. This

is generally accomplished through the selection of an appropriate structural

configuration and the careful detailing of structural members, such as beams and

columns, and the connections between them.

The basic approach underlying more advanced techniques for earthquake

resistance is not to strengthen the building, but to reduce the earthquake generated

forces acting upon it. Among the most important advanced techniques of

earthquake resistant design and construction are base isolation and energy

dissipation devices.

Base Isolation

It is easiest to see this principle at

work by referring directly to the

most widely used of these

advanced techniques, which is

known as base isolation. A base

isolated structure is supported by a

series of bearing pads which are

placed between the building and

the building's foundation. (See

figure 5.15) a variety of different

types of base isolation bearing

pads have now been developed.

These are among the frequently

used types of base isolation bearings. (See figure5.16). A lead rubber bearing is made

from layers of rubber sandwiched together with layers of steel. In the middle of the

bearing is a solid lead "plug" on top and bottom, the bearing is fitted with steel plates

IG Figure 5.15: Showing A Fixed Base &Isolated Base

Figure 5.16: Showing Rubber Layers


56

which are used to attach the bearing to the building and foundation. The bearing is

very stiff and strong in the vertical direction, but flexible in the horizontal direction.

Earthquake Generated Forces

Figure5.17 shows an earthquake

acting on both a base isolated

building and a conventional, fixed–

base, building. As a result of an

earthquake, the ground beneath each

building begins to move. In Figure

5.17, it is shown moving to the left.

Each building responds with movement which tends toward the right. The building's

displacement in the direction opposite the ground motion is actually due to inertia.

The inertial forces acting on a building are the most important of all those generated

during an earthquake.

It is important to know that the inertial forces which the building undergoes are

proportional to the building's acceleration during ground motion. It is also important

to realize that buildings don't actually shift in only one direction.

Because of the complex nature of earthquake ground motion, the building actually

tends to vibrate back and forth in varying directions. So, Figure 5.17 is really a kind

of "snapshot" of the building at only one particular point of its earthquake response.

In addition to displacing toward the right, the

isolated building is also shown to be changing its shape from a rectangle to a

parallelogram. We say that the building is deforming. The primary cause of

earthquake damage to buildings is the deformation which the building undergoes as a

result of the inertial forces acting upon it.

The different types of damage which buildings can suffer are quite varied and depend

upon a large number of complicated factors. But to take one simple example, one can

easily imagine what happens to two pieces of wood joined at a right angle by a few

Figure 5.17: Showing Effect During Earth Quake


57

nails, when the very heavy building containing them suddenly starts to move very

quicklythe nails pull out and the connection fails.

Response of Base Isolated Building

The base isolated building retains its original, rectangular shape. It is the lead

rubber bearings supporting the building that are deformed. The base isolated building

itself escapes the deformation and damage which implies that the inertial forces acting

on the base isolated building have been reduced.

Experiments and observations of base isolated buildings in earthquakes have been

shown to reduce building accelerations to as little as 1/4 of the acceleration of

comparable fixed base buildings, which each building undergoes as a percentage of

gravity.Inertial forces increase, and decrease, proportionally as acceleration increases

or decreases.

Acceleration is decreased because the base isolation system lengthens a building's

period of vibration, the time it takes for the building to rock back and forth and then

back again. And in general, structures with longer periods of vibration tend to reduce

acceleration, while those with shorter periods tend to increase or amplify acceleration.

Finally, since they are highly elastic, the rubber isolation bearings don't suffer any

damage. The lead plug experiences the same deformation as the rubber. However, it

also generates heat as it does so.

In other words, the lead plug reduces, or dissipates, the energy of motion i.e., kinetic

energy by converting that energy into heat. And by reducing the energy entering the

building, it helps to slow and eventually stop the building's vibrations sooner than

would otherwise be the case in other words, it damps the building's vibrations.

Energy Dissipation Devices

The second of the major new techniques for improving the earthquake resistance of

buildings also relies upon damping and energy dissipation, but it greatly extends the

damping and energy dissipation provided by lead rubber bearings.


58

As we know, a certain amount of vibration energy is transferred to the building by

earthquake ground motion. Buildings themselves do possess an inherent ability to

dissipate, or damp, this energy. However, the capacity of buildings to dissipate energy

before they begin to suffer deformation and damage is quite limited.

The building will dissipate energy either by undergoing large scale movement or

sustaining increased internal strains in elements such as the building's columns and

beams. Both of these eventually result in varying degrees of damage. So, by

equipping a building with additional devices which have high damping capacity, we

can greatly decrease the seismic energy entering the building, and thus decrease

building damage.

Accordingly, a wide range of energy dissipation devices have been developed and are

now being installed in real buildings. Energy dissipation devices are also often called

damping devices. The large number of damping devices that have been developed can

be grouped into three broad categories:

Friction Dampers– these utilize frictional forces to dissipate energy

Metallic Dampers– utilize the deformation of metal elements within the

damper

Viscoelastic Dampers– utilize the controlled shearing of solids

Viscous Dampers– utilized the forced movement (orificing) of fluids

within the damper

Fluid Viscous Dampers

The Fluid Viscous Damper, which is one variety of viscous damper that has been

widely utilized and has proven to be very effective in a wide range of applications.

Damping Devices and Bracing

Systems

Damping devices are usually installed as part

of bracing systems. Figure 5.18 shows one

type of damper brace arrangement, with one

end attached to a column and one end

attached to a floor beam. Primarily, this Figure 5.18: Showing Damping Device


59

arrangement provides the column with additional support.

Most earthquake ground motion is in a horizontal direction; so, it is a building's

columns which normally undergo the most displacement relative to the motion of the

ground. Figure 5.18 also shows the damping device installed as part of the bracing

system and gives some idea of its action.

5.5 WIND CONSIDERATION

The intensity of the wind pressure depends on:

Building orientation

Shape of structure.

Angle of the induce wind.

Velocity of air.

Density of air.

Stiffness of structure.

4

Building Orientation

The orientation of the building on open

ground or surrounded by other high-

risebuildings has massive influence on the

wind profile.The effect of wind separating off the edges of neighboringbuildings,

reduced wind velocities due to obstacles at ground level and effects similar to friction

or deflectionof the wind loads due to neighboring buildingscannot be taken into

account in the standard loads.

Figure 5.19: Showing Wind Loads On

Building

Figure 5.20: Showing Wind against the

Building Placement


60

Shape of the Structure

The shape of the building is another factor

influencing thewind forces actually at

work. When wind meets an obstacle,it

normally generates compressive forces

on thewindward side of the building and

suction forces on theleeward side. In

addition, air streaming around the building

produces suction forces on the sides parallel to thewind direction. The shape of the

corners and edges of thebuilding is particularly important. Separation effects cancause

suction and compressive forces several times greaterthan the original dynamic

pressure. The magnitude of these edges and corner forces depends primarily on

thegeometry of the building round which the air flows. Basically, it may be said that

the more sharp-edged and irregular the building is, the more irregularly the wind

forces will be distributed.Suction forces cause major problems around the roof

inparticular. If the roof structure has not been adequately anchored,parts of the roof

may be lifted off and catapultedaway unhindered. In addition to the roof, such

elements aslight-metal facades, antennas, promotional signs andwater tanks are some

of the parts most seriously threatenedby wind on high-rise buildings. The risk of

partsbeing blown away and flying around is greatest during theconstruction phase.

Such parts can cause considerableproperty damage to their surroundings, and harbor

potential for bodily injury which cannot be neglected.

As the higher wind speeds are produced mainly by downward deflection of the flow,

solutions to the problem generally attempt to prevent this flow from reaching the

ground. For example, if a tall building is placed on a large podium, the affected areas

can be confined to the roof of the podium.

Air Flow

The more the air is streamed, the less the reaction forceexerted by the structure.

Figure 5.21: showing the effect of shape on

windflow

Figure 5.22: Wind Flow across the Building


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5.6 VENTILATION IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

Double facades are built to allow natural ventilation in high-rise buildings and

buildings with high outside noise levels.

There is also a concept of shaft faced in high rise buildings. The shaft facade is

divided into multiple sections.

Figure 5.23: Showing a Perspective View of Wind Flow Against Building

Figure 5.25: Showing the Effect of

Double Façade Technique

Figure 5.24: Showing Concept of

Shaft Faced Building


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5.7 DRAINAGE SYSTEM

The building drainage loads must be reasonably estimated to design an effective and

healthy drainage system. The SOVENT SYSTEM is most desirable for high rise

buildings. In comparison with conventional systems, Solvent:

Reduces the pneumatic and hydraulic pressure

Offers versatile branch joining possibilities

Reduces stack sizes with the same loading capacities as a secondary

ventilated system

Saves space

Hydraulic and pneumatic balancing of a stack system is a very complex matter. Each

stack design has its own characteristics. The capacity of the stack and ventsystem is

The study of the double skin facades and buffer

zones which creates ventilation and minimize

thermal loads.

Figure 5.26: Double Skin Facade

Figure 5.27: Showing the Air

Movement Caused by Ventilation

technique


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influenced by the flow rate of the appliances, their

simultaneousdischarge pattern, and the branch inlet

configuration and building drain design. Tosecure the

water seal in the traps, the positive and negative

pressures in adrainage system have to be

limited.With the Sovent fitting, venting can be

managed easily by using one fitting on eachfloor

level.

An additional ventilation pipe is not

necessary.The opening to the stack is one of

the key characteristics of the fitting as shown

in figure 5.29. It allows thebranches to be

ventilated.Together with the free air

circulation in the stack, the opening smoothes

the waterflow in the connected branches.

Figure 5.28: Showing the Sovent

System

2m Figure 5.29 Showing the Pressure Relief

Zone


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End of the Sovent stack (pressure relief zone)

At the end of the stack, the pressure relief line eliminates any pressure build-up that

might occur.

5.8 BUILDING MANAGEMENT

System Integration

A fully integrated Building Management System (BMS),incorporating distributed

control techniques and standard open communication networks. The system is

implemented as an integrated, open solution, which enables Service Center

connectivity throughstandard Building Operating System (BOS) interface. The

integrated systems include controls and monitoring of the whole building (BMS and

Security)and each area.

Integrated Building Management and Security Systems shall include the following

subsystems:

Figure 3.28: A Single Stack Sovent

System

Figure 5.30 Showing Single Stack Sovent System


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1. BMS / Building automation (cooling/heating control, ventilation control,

pumps, etc.)

2. Lighting control of common areas

3. Consumption measurements of water, electricity and cooling (heating) energy

4. Access control system for common areas

5. Intruder alarm system for common areas

6. Video monitoring system for common areas

7. Fire alarm system

8. Central battery system

System Architecture

The system shall be implemented as an integrated, open solution, which enables

Service Center

Connectivity through standard Building Operating System (BOS) interface.The

System Architecture shall consist of three levels:

1. Control Level

2. Management Level

3. Service Level

Figure 5.31: A Basic Chart of Building Management System


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5.9 HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

To maintain the internal

environment of high rise buildings

an effective air cooling plant should

be installed. There are many new

technologies which are providing

very compact size plants helps to

save the useable space. Variable

refrigerant flow system is now

broadly used now days. The VRF

design eliminates the constant-flow chiller pumps and uses the variable-flow pumps to

circulate water throughout the entire chilled water loop. Variable refrigerant

compact system provides several benefits. it has following features.

High reliability

Improvement of long life by using compression

wears. In additon to control which reduces the

number of times the compressor is tareed and

stopped, the laod at starting is shared and equalized

by rotation control. This rotation improves the

durabilty and relaiblty of each compressor.

Emergency operation

There is no immediate system shutdown if

troubleoccurs in any compressor. The other

compressorscontinue to operate on an emergency

basis.

Each indoor unit is controlled individually on the

system network.This allows all indoor units

continue to run unaffected even iftrouble should

occur at any indoor unit(s) in one system.

Figure 5.32: Showing VRF System

Figure 5.33 High Reliability

Figure 5.35 Showing the indoor Units In

Case of Emergency

Figure 5.34 Showing the Outdoor Units In

Case Of Emergency


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Individual Air Condition System

It provides an improved comfort by meeting

individual room requirement.

Provide Long Piping System Design

With the V Series, installation up to a

maximum piping length of 150mand a

maximum height difference of 50m is

possible.In addition, the piping can be extended

up to a maximum of 60m fromthe first

separation tube.

Improve the Effective Use of Space

Figure 5.36 Showing Individual Air

Conditioning in Different Rooms

Figure 5.37 Provide Long

Piping System Design

Figure 5.38: Showing the Comparison of Space Occupied By Compact And

Conventional Systems


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Installation (Simple Piping System)

Separation tubes and headers provide

connectionflexibility and simplicity reducing

installation costs.

Easily Moveable

The compact outdoor unit can be easily

carried in small elevator.

Maintenance and Services

Extremely portable and convenient USB type adaptor is used.

Collection anywhere in VRF network is easy.

Data can be collected from device censor at minimum of 2

seconds, and maintenance and inspection work can be

performed easily.

Figure 5.39: Showing the Piping

System

Figure 5.40 Installation (Simple Piping System)

Figure 5.41 Easy Moveable

Figure 5.42: Showing the Maintenance and Inspection Technique


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5.10 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

It basically includes

1. Telephone and intercom system.

2. CATV System.

3. Surveillance, CCTV System.

4. Emergency Call System.

5. Fire Alarm System

5.11 SECURITY SYSTEMS

At High Rise, security is as much a personal

relations exercise as it is a duty to protect people

and their properties.

High rise security system involves:

1. Internal & External building protection.

2. Protection of Staff and Property.

3. Public relations & Diplomacy.

4. Dress regulations enforcement.

5. Monitoring of building safety equipment.

6. Firefighting & Evacuation procedures.

7. Effective control of visiting passes.

8. Discreet arrest & eviction of troublemakers.

9. Police Liaison.

Figure 5.43 Security Systems

CHAPTER # 6

SITE ANALYSIS


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CHAPTER # 6

SITE ANALYSIS

6.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

• Site Should Be Easily Approachable

• Availability Of Utility Services

• Should Be In Clean And Safe Area

• Access From All The Main Road

• Transport Should Be Easily Available

• Size Of The Site Depend On The Requirement

• Near To Amenities

• Official Approval Of Site

• Site Should Not Be Congested

• Should Be In Commercial Area

6.2 CPEC ROUTE

Figure 6.1 Cape route

Source: www.pc.gov.pk


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6.3 PLANNING OF GWADAR

Fig 6.2. Planning, wind direction and yearly climate of Gwader

Source: Google


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6.4 PROPOSALS

Proposal 1

Figure 6.3 Location plan

Source: Google map

Table 6.1. Site details.

Area 4 Acres

Location Opposite Central Park

Accessibility Main Marine Road

Orientation North- East Oriented

Topography Plain Land

Cost Of Land Expensive


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Proposal 2


Source: Google map

Table 6.2. Site Detail.

Area 7.27 Acres

Location Gwadar Port Authority Office

Accessibility Port Road

Orientation East-South Oriented




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Proposal 3


Source: Google map

Table 6.3. Site detail.

Area 5.5 Acres

Location Near Jinnah Ave And Monumental Road

Accessibility Port Road, Jinnah Ave

Orientation West – South Oriented



Graph 6.1. Comparative Analysis


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Table 6.4. Comparative analysis of of 3 site

Site no 1 Site no 2 Site no 3

Orientation 8 7 6

Hazard 5 5 5

Context 7 6 7

Topography 7 7 7

Cost 8 7 7

Amenities 8 6 7

Accessibility 8 6 8

6.5 SELECTED SITE (PROPOSAL 2)

Table 6.5. Site detail.

Area 7.27 Acres

Location Opposite Central Park

Accessibility Main Marine Road

Orientation East- South Oriented



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Site no 1 Siteno 2 Site no 3

Orientation

Hazard

context

topography

Cost

Amenities

Accessibility


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Selected Site (Proposal 2)

Site is located on Port road and near Gwadar Port Authority Main Office and deep

Sea Port.

It has direct access from the major roads and security of that area is very strong and

safe Main reason of selecting this site is

1. It has a very good orientation.

2. No obstacle from surround which can disturb the view of building.

3. Location will provide very good orientation for the building just like burj al

Khalifa is located on a very well oriented area.

4. GPA is working on project “Business Service Complex” ECBT will be the

part of that project.

5. Building will increase the skyline of Gwadar.

6. Site is surrounded with mountain from southern side and on the northern side

there is a deep sea port. East and west side is open with no obstacle.

Micro Topography Of Site

The site soil is very rich and very good for plantation as well as structures. As the

land is plain therefore there is no issue of drainage. Fortunately the underground

water is sweet, portable and very good for use drinking as well as agriculture.

Merits of the Proposal Site

Analyzing all the data about the site it was observed that it has following merits;

1. The site has a proper slope which helps in draining out the sewage.

2. The transport is available through the buses playing from Bus terminal.

3. The required Engineering services are available.

4. The site gives a scenic view

5. The site is very prime for the ECONOMIC CORRIDOR BUSINESS

TOWER.

6. The site is Prime due to Corner and linked with monument circle of the

Gwadar.

7. The local bus service is efficient enough to meet the requirements of locality.


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Macro Conditions of the Site

Sub-Surface Features

Geology

The geologically site is hard soil (rock soil) having LBC 0.8 to 1.5 ton Psf.

Situated in sea of Gwadar, having fertile position

Hydrology:Underground water table is below 10 to 15 feet.

Soil Genesis:

Erosionsusceptibility, moisture (pF) is normal, reaction (pH) organic content is

normal, LBC .8 to 1.5 ton Psf. etc.

Natural Surface Features

Humidity

Varies, highest about the end of August which is much less in May when the air is

uncomfortable dry.

Wind Direction:The direction of wind is southwest

(Wind mostly found 40 t0 60 km/h.)

Cultural & Man-Made Features

Engineering Services

All Engineering services are available on site such as Electricity, water, gas, water

supply, water drainage system, telecommunication networks etc.

Land Use: Residential and Commercial

Circulation: The site has linkage National highway and also linked transit roads, auto

& pedestrian access etc


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Topograpghy

Figure 6.6 Topography

Source: Author

Orientation

Figure 6.7 Orientation

Source: Author


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Landmarks

Figure 6.8 Landmarks

Source: Author

Road Network

Figure 6.9 Road network

Source: Author


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Satellite Images

Figure 6.10 Isometric View

Source: Google map

Figure 6.11 Isometric View

Source: Flickr.com

CHAPTER # 07

DESIGN CONCEPT


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CHAPTER # 07

DESIGN CONCEPT

7.1 WHAT IS PIXELS?

The term pixel stems from the words picture and element. A pixel is a tiny area on an

image that when combined with other pixels will form an image. Pixels are generally

square or rectangle in shape, but not always. Our modern square pixels evolved from

lines and triads.

Figure 7.1:As technology changes, so does the way we project images.

Source: www.picturecorrect.com

7.2 WHEN WERE PIXELS INVENTED?

The history of pixels goes all the way back to 1839, when practical, commercially

available photography was born. Pixels came around much later, when the color

television was invented in the 1950s, the world moved much closer to the

development of the pixel.

In color TVs, electron beams hit an array of triads that created 512 horizontal lines to

make up a picture. Those lines were later divided into rectangles. This made digital

representation of images possible. Not long after, in 1965, the term “pixel” appeared

for the first time.

“Pixels have continued to get smaller and smaller with better frame rates and better

color depth.”


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7.3 UNDERSTANDING PIXEL AND PIXALATION:

Pixels have been fundamental constituents of the world of digital technology since the

early twentieth century. They hardly attract attention as individuals, since the essential

point of a pixelated medium is to make people perceive the “big picture”

Apart from the technological sense, pixels become a focal point by expanding to art

and architectural praxis in both micro and macro scales. The concept of pixelation has

been widely experimented in conventional architecture and art works of different

styles, adopting the expressions such as “rows of bricks”, “ceramic patterns”,

“fragments of mosaics”, “a composition of squares” or “Pointillist brush strokes”. But

it was with the emergence of digital age that pixels became “visible”, and fulfilled the

exact meaning of the term which is “picture element”.

7.4 WHAT IS PIXELIST ARCHITECTURE AND ITS ORIGIN:

Pixelism Pixelated, and Pixel Architecture are also knownaspixelist architecture. Now

and here this Architectural style to move past the modernist status-quo is manipulated

by most architects. As modernist architects broke free from vernacular architecture

and developed a homogenized international style, many created sterile spaces and

places out of touch with the decorative warmth of historical forms of human

inhabitation. Negative reactions to the brutality of Modernist spaces encouraged

architectural movements such as post-modernism and deconstructivism, but these

never managed to usurp the rational modernist box as a dominant architectural

paradigm.

However, the intended machine-like precision of these buildings has often become

unintentionally humanized over time, through the addition of curtains, coloring, or

even through accidental breakage and imperfect repairs or alterations. I believe that

building on the successes and failures of modernism has spawned a new and

previously unclassified architectural style: Pixelism.

7.4.1 Rise of Modernism

In a world swept by the change from manual labor to large-scale industry and the

aftermath of WWII, architects were working within a new cultural environment – and

with an updated material palette and construction techniques to match. Iconic figures

such as Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe were influenced by industrial processes

http://www.archdaily.com/tag/modernism/

http://www.archdaily.com/tag/postmodernism/

http://www.archdaily.com/tag/le-corbusier/

http://www.archdaily.com/tag/mies-van-der-rohe/


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and new materials such as steel and reinforced concrete to create a modern

architectural style.

One of the notorious products of Modernism, large-scale public housing projects such

as Pruitt-Igoe in St. Louis, are often cited as a failure of the stylistic period. The large,

bleak developments often created unpleasant (and even dangerous) environments due

to a sense of alienation that the large homogeneous developments caused. When many

of these failed projects were demolished, the residents’ personalization within

pigeonhole units was exposed - the physical manifestation of the human need to

differentiate themselves. One such example has been seen following the demolition of

the Rabot towers in Belgium where the removal of the façade panes has unveiled

brightly painted interiors, creating a sort of abstract artwork.

7.4.2 Responses to Modernism

There were a number of architectural stylistic movements that eschewed the brutality

of modernism: firstly and most notoriously, the exaggerated historically-inspired

formal gestures of the postmodernists, who sought to evoke the grandeur and

humanity of classical architectural styles as a defiant move against their perception of

modernism as bland and souless.

The often tasteless results achieved by the ironic architectural styling of the

postmodern rebellion has motivated a later generation of architects to create the

disassembled architectural compositions of Deconstructivism and the amorphic forms

of Blobitecture. These structures are able to recreate the ornamental style of classical

building (something eschewed by Modernist theory) within a contemporary

vocabulary.

7.4.3 Pixelism: Moving Past Modernism?

Yet, none of these attempts at stylistic reform ever really managed to succeed

modernism as a dominant aesthetic movement in architecture, with mutated offspring

of modernism continuing to subtly permeate the field. Many advantages of

modernism, such as efficiency and structural purity (form follows function), are still

convincing in a contemporary architectural context. But architects had to find a way

to anthropomorphize these rational structures in order to avoid the alienation

that Modernism had often caused in the past.

http://www.archdaily.com/tag/modernism

http://www.archdaily.com/tag/st-louis/

http://www.archdaily.com/494362/a-colorful-demolition-the-abandoned-interiors-of-ghent-s-rabot-towers-revealed/

http://www.archdaily.com/494362/a-colorful-demolition-the-abandoned-interiors-of-ghent-s-rabot-towers-revealed/

http://www.archdaily.com/tag/belgium/

http://www.archdaily.com/tag/modernism


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The current generation of architects is obsessed with difference, albeit within a largely

modernist underlying framework, and the contemporary architectural paradigm

expands on the basic concepts of modernist theory as a mutational, rather than a

reactionary style. Architects have begun to harness the power of seemingly random,

yet curated abstractions as a way to convey information, identity, and individuality.

The uninterrupted masses and gridded oppression of modernist structures become a

celebration of difference and texture. Deviances suddenly become integrated without

showing subjugation, and the monotony of idealistic - but ultimately charmless -

urban plans of Le Corbusier and Hilberseimer are distorted to promote difference,

although the underlying constitution remains similar. Pixelism, although based on

modernism, embraces heterogeneity, rather than hiding the contents of a diverse urban

civilization behind staid and homogeneous facades and plans. Our civilization is

currently undergoing a radical change of similar proportions to the industrial

revolution that created a new cultural ecosystem in which Modernist architecture was

created - into a digital world with exponentially developing technology. Pixelism

gives a glimpse of what architecture (or a city) might look like if we, as architects,

really start to move past the modernist status-quo.

Figure 7.2: Moving Past Modernism

Source: Archdaily.Com

http://www.archdaily.com/537940/a-new-architectural-style-for-the-age-of-the-individual/53ee9bb1c07a800962000343-a-new-architectural-style-for-the-age-of-the-individual-photo


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7.5 PIXELIST BUILDING SURVEY

Pixelated architecture is a new rising architectural style of the current era. Concept of

pixelation now propose a second and temporary skin for buildings, and in the case of

spatiality, they produce new layers of space, various affects and sensations. As a

result of this superimposition of art and architecture, the boundaries between digital –

analog, virtual – real, temporary – permanent are blurred. Thus, the ambiguousness

leads to the development of new possibilities and viewpoints of experiencing and

producing art and architecture. To understand Pixelist architecture let have a look on

the examples below.

7.6 EXAMPLE 1

Mahanakhon / Ole Scheeren, Oma

Table 7.1 General information of mahanakhon / ole scheeren, oma

Architects Ole Scheeren

location Bangkok, Thailand.

Area 3.6 acres

Project Year 2014

Architecture style Pixilated and Structural Expressionism

Figure 7.3: View of Mahanakhon


https://www.google.com.pk/search?espv=2&biw=1366&bih=667&q=Ole+Scheeren&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAOPgE-LSz9U3MDPJTSlLUQKzjcwrzEyLtVSyk630E4uSMzJLUpNLSotS9YtLikrBLCu4MAAVqnLdQAAAAA&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjmnICRq5vOAhUDMhoKHWn9AxwQmxMInwEoATAZ


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MahaNakhon, “a dazzling, pixelated 77-storey tower,” that will rise to be the tallest

building in Bangkok. With approximately 150,000 square meters, MahaNakhon will

include a lush urban oasis with public gardens and a major transportation hub, luxury

retail, residences, a new public square, and a five-star hotel created by New York’s Ian

Schrager.

With its distinctive sculptural appearance, MahaNakhon has been carefully carved to

introduce a three-dimensional ribbon of architectural 'pixel' that circle the tower's full

height, as if excavating portions of the elegant glass curtain wall to reveal the inner

life of the building - metaphorically and actually - an architecture that encloses and

protects its inhabitants while revealing the inner life of their city. The pixelation gives

MahaNakhon an arresting profile on the skyline while generating a set of very special

features to house the diverse functions of the building complex in an intelligently

strategic way.

Figure 7.4: Circulation Space


http://wp.archdaily.com/tag/bangkok/


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Figure 7.5: Building Apartment View


Example 2

7.7 PIXEL IN BEIJING MODEL ROOM / SAKO ARCHITECTS

Table 7.2Genral information of pixel in beijing model room / sako architects

Architect SAKO Architect

Location Beijing, China

Project team Keiichiro Sako, AriyoMogami, Ken-ichi Kurimoto

Area 4800.0 sqm

Project year 2009

Figure 7.6: View of Pixel in Beijing Model Room


The Concept of ComprehensiveRenovational “Pixel “model house. The model house

of high-rise residential building with sale centre to be in accordance with Skip-Floor

Dwelling House’s buildings for ten thousand households.“Pixel” concepts flexibly

apply to many parts of interior and exterior decoration. Ceiling filled with paper


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lighting carry out the impact of the same kind of facilities.Model houses divide into

four types of different themes.

Figure 7.7: Pixelated Theme Interior


The “pixel” sales centre developed overall "cell" concept of "Pixel in Beijing" on the

basis of former sales centre.The appearance was formed of many separate tubes

accumulated. It is consisting of four kinds of white, light grey, the dark gray and black

tubes .To overlap and accumulates so as to produce bump sense as shown in figure 2.4.

Example 3

7.8 URBAN WOMB' FAMILY COMPLEX FACILITY IN SEOUL, KOREA

Table 7.3 ‘Urban Womb' Family Complex Facility in Seoul, Korea

Architects Architects for Urbanity

location Seoul, South Korea

Area 20500.0 sqm

Project Year 2014

Architecture style Pixilated and

Project team IrgenSalianji, Marina Kounavi, Karolina Szóstkiewicz,

StavriaPsomiadi, Antony Laurijsen

http://www.archdaily.com/office/architects-for-urbanity

http://www.archdaily.com/search/projects/country/south-korea

http://www.archdaily.com/241020/pixel-in-beijing-modelroom-sako-architects/5018458128ba0d33a80003ce-pixel-in-beijing-modelroom-sako-architects-photo

http://www.archdaily.com/241020/pixel-in-beijing-modelroom-sako-architects/5018456d28ba0d33a80003cc-pixel-in-beijing-modelroom-sako-architects-photo


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Figure 7.8: Façade of Family Complex Facility


Designed as “an organic womb that intensifies spatially and programmatically”

throughout the site, the complex will consist of a large rectangular volume

interrupted by a series of voids that define and connect the various programs

throughout the facility.

Figure 7.9: Interior of Family Complex Facility


The building will be organized into three programmatic volumes: the pixelated plinth,

the vertical tower, and the horizontal roof slab.The pixelated plinth contains the main

functions of the building, such as an auditorium, family space, a youth center, food

courts, production labs, and shops. The shape of this volume—an “urban living

room”—is derived from its pieces, five stripes increasing in size, each of which

contains a distinct program “and is positioned between related activities in order to

maximize the efficiency of the building” and the user experience. This way when

http://www.archdaily.com/791294/architects-for-urbanitys-urban-womb-is-a-new-women-and-family-complex-facility-in-seoul-korea/5785d9f2e58ece38220000d1-architects-for-urbanitys-urban-womb-is-a-new-women-and-family-complex-facility-in-seoul-korea-image

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walking in the direction of one stripe, visitors encounter similar programs, but when

walking perpendicularly, they find a cross-programmatic experience.

Figure 7.10: Spatial Vertical Zoning


7.9 CONCLUSION

Pixelism is absolute when it obey form follow function principal. As pixels in any

image provide accuracy and smoothness likewise pixels provide theme in architecture

which tends to work on small spaces collectively became a whole image or a project.

http://www.archdaily.com/791294/architects-for-urbanitys-urban-womb-is-a-new-women-and-family-complex-facility-in-seoul-korea/5785d6f0e58ece71660000e9-architects-for-urbanitys-urban-womb-is-a-new-women-and-family-complex-facility-in-seoul-korea-

CHAPTER # 08

ESSENTIALS OF ECBT


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CHAPTER # 08

ESSENTIALS OF ECBT

8.1 ECBT GWADAR SUMMARY

Economic Corridor Business Tower (ECBT) is a companion project for CPEC which

helps not only provide economic stability but also peace.The aims and objectives

regarding ECBT is to facilitate provide an efficient platform for business activities.

The main objective is not only to provide business with nations but to help nations

come close to each other. It helps to bring peace among nations through effective

trade system. It will be contain with as bellow contents:

Table 8.1. Aims and objective of ECBT

Activity Multi Trade Business

Sub Activity

Corporate offices, Trading Hubs, Banking, International IT

system, Display Halls, Hotels, Offices range, Entertainment

Centers.

Objective

To promote and enhance prospects of Multi Trade business, To

provide space for Multi Trades likes, Import & Export, Finance

&Trading, Banking, Hotels, Mix-used Offices, Professionals

Community and Entertainment Centers, Display Halls and others

space for assistance to CPEC activities .

Importance

The project stands vital as it will help to fill the gap between

different countries.The aims and objectives regarding ECBT is to

facilitate provide an efficient platform for business activities

System

approved

Authority: Ministry of finance & trades Pakistan & chamber of

Commerce Pakistan

Financing

This Project will contain on the income of International trading &

finance Associations, NGO’s, Public shares and Local

Governmental supports.

Development

sources

It is same like BurjKhalifa Project Dubai, on behalf of the

Business man’s shares system.


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Major Proposal of Ecbt

To design Iconic building of Pakistan.

To develop the national economy & to acquire revenue from CEPC.

To promote and enhance stability, peace, world trade and development leading

to economic growth

To provide all international community of business trader’s a variety of Trade

products & finance works community

To provide all types facilities of Banking, Product show rooms, IT’s hubs,

Business communications halls, Training Institutes Multi Trade, Display

centers, hotels & enjoy lands

To cater national and international business hub

To train young people in various disciplines of Trades

To enhance a sense of national & International cohesion and common interest,

this would act as a major building, force in society as a whole

8.2 ECBT WORLD’S BANKING SYSTEM

ECBT is a proposal to contain world & local banking system and based on

international information technology standardizing system, it will invite to all over

world’s banking community to keep banks in ECBT, Gwadar, likes as under banks of

local and worlds:


96

Table 8.2. ECBT world bank system

1 National bank of Pakistan 14 NIB bank

2 Allied bank 15 Soneri bank

3 Askari bank 16 Standard chartered bank pak:

4 Bank Al Habib 17 Summit bank

5 Bank Alfalah LTD 18 Tamer micro finance bank ltd

6 Burj bank 19 United bank limited

7 City bank of Pakistan 20 Silk bank ltd

8 Dubai Islamic bank 21 Barclays bank ltd

9 Faysal bank ltd 22 Deutsche bank

10 Habib bank ltd 23 Industrial & commercial bank of china

ltd

11 JS bank 24 The bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi

12 MCB bank ltd 25 HSBC bank

13 Meezan bank ltd 26 Al Bakara bank

27 Bank Islamic Pakistan ltd 35 Crescent investment bank Ltd

28 Burj bank 36 Escorts investment bank Ltd

29 Dubai Islamic bank Pakistan ltd 37 First credit & investment bank Ltd

30 Meezan bank limited 38 IGI investment bank Ltd

31 Emirated Islamic bank 39 Islamic investment bank Ltd

32 Al-towfeek bank Ltd 40 Orix investment bank Ltd

33 Invest capital investment bank

Ltd

41 Prudential investment bank Ltd

34 Atlas investment bank Ltd 42 Trust investment bank Ltd


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8.3 ECBT FOREIGN COLLABORATION INDUSTRIAL OFFICES

ECBT will be contains foreign collaboration industrial offices and based on an


world’s Industry community to keep business in ECBT, Gwadar, likes as under,

Table 8.3. ECBT foreign collaboration industrial offices

1 Pakistan Kuwait Investment

Company

6 Saudi Pak industrial & agriculture

investment company ltd

2 Pakistan Burnei Investment

Company

7 Pakistan Libya holding company Ltd

3 PAIR Investment Company limited 8 Pakistan China investment company

Ltd

4 Pakistan Oman Investment

Company

9 National investment trust

5 Pakistan Iran joint investment

company

8.4 ECBT MOTOR INDUSTRY TRADING’S

ECBT, will be contains Motor vehicle sales & investor offices and based on an


world’s vehicle Industrial community to keep business in ECBT, Gwadar, likes as

under,

Table 8.4. ECBT motor industry trading

1 Adam motors 8 Indus motor company

2 Atlas Honda 9 Master motors

3 Dewan Motors (including BMW Pakistan)

10 Star motor company

4 Dongfeng Motor Corporation Pakistan Suzuki Corporation

5 Ghani Automobile industries 11 Sigma Motors Company

6 Ghandhara industries 12 TCM automobiles

7 Hinopak motors


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8.5 ECBT TRADING COMPANIES

ECBT will be contains trading companies offices based on an international

information technology standardizing system, it will invite to all over world’s traders

community to keep business in ECBT ,Gwadar, likes as under,

Table 8.5. ECBT trading companies

1 Pak:Japan trading company 20 Fardan enterprises PK

2 ST apparels trading company 21 Kellin industries

3 Donia enterprises 22 Arian global logistics

4 Cathprotection trading corporation 23 Dynamic trading company

5 Union chemical trading company 24 Enormous trading company

6 Al-sheikh trading corporation 25 Sunshine trading company

7 Food trading offices 26 SA trading company

8 Automobile trading offices 27 Mega dawn trading company

9 Garments trading offices 28 Swati trading manufacturing &

managing company Mardan

10 Building materials trading offices 29 Asia pacific lawyers trading

company

11 Medicine trading offices 30 First English trading company

12 Chemical trading offices 31 Marjan trading corporation

13 Fashion trading offices 32 Mettex trading corporation

14 Oil & gas trading offices 33 Khas trading company

15 Steel trading offices 34 Y ZEE printers trading company

16 Electrical & mechanical trading

offices

35 Macho tex trading company

17 Sports trading offices 36 Ghori trading company

18 Minerals, metals & materials

trading offices

37 Arqam trading company

19 Service equipment’s trading offices 38 Al- khamsa trading company


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8.6 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Economic Corridor Business Tower will be consist of seven blocks that is

A- BASEMENTS

Table 8.6 Requirments of basements

Parking Elevators

Mechanical Room Ramps

Ware House Escalators

CCTV Room Waiting Lounge

Electrical Room Garbage Chute Room

Generator Rooms Store Room

Service Elevator Pray Area

Stair Case Lavatories

Maintenance Room Emergency Exit

B- MALL AND FOOD COURT

Table 8.7 Requirements of mall and food courts

Lobby CORRIDOR

Shops ( And Small) Sitting Area

Atrium STORAGE

Staff Area Restaurants

BMS Room Restaurant Kitchen

Food Court Wonder Land

Kiosk Lift And Elevators

Cinema Escalators

Manager Room Toilets

Electrical Room Stairs

Mechanical Room Emergency Exit


100

C- ADMIN

Table 8.8 Requirements of admin

Lobby Reception

P.A Room Waiting Area

Manager Room Staff Room

Store Room Clerk Room

Conference Room Meeting

Restroom Kitchenette

Stairs and Elevators Emergency Exit

D- BANKS

1- COMMON BANKS

Table 8.9 Requirements of common banks

A.T.M Banks Lobby

Waiting Lounge Guard Room

Manager Room Operation Manager

P. A Room Clerk Room

Meeting Room Security Room

Strong Room Operator Space

Kitchenette Locker Room

Emergency Exit Attendant Space

Toilets Dining Room

Sitting Area Stairs and Elevators


101

2- FOREIGN BANKS

Table 8.10 Requirements of foreign bank

A.T.M Banks Lobby




Money Exchange Evaluator Office

Meeting Room Operator Space

Strong Room Locker Room

Kitchenette Attendant Space

Emergency Exit Dining Room

Toilets Stairs and Elevators

Sitting Area Security Room

3- INVESTMENT BANKS

Table 8.11 Requirements of investment banks

A.T.M Banks Lobby




Money Exchange Evaluator Office

Meeting Room Operator Space

Strong Room Locker Room

Kitchenette Attendant Space

Emergency Exit Dining Room

Toilets Stairs and Elevators

Sitting Area Security Room


102

E- TRADING CORPORATES OFFICES

1- INVESTMET OFFICES

Table 8.12 Requirements of investment offices

Lobby Owner Office

P.A Office Manager Office

Computer Operators Waiting Area

Meeting Hall Kitchenette

Store Room Record Room

Lavatories Stairs and Elevators

Emergency Exit

2- TRADING OFFICES

Table 8.13 Requirements of Trading offices

Lobby Owner Office

P.A Office Dinning area

Computer Operators Manager Office

Meeting Hall Waiting Area

Store Room Kitchenette

Lavatories Record Room

Emergency Exit Stairs and Elevators

3- FINANCE OFFICES

Table 8.14 Requirements of Finance offices

Lobby Owner Office

P.A Office Dinning area

Computer Operators Manager Office

Meeting Hall Waiting Area

Store Room Kitchenette

Lavatories Record Room

Emergency Exit Stairs and Elevators


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4- CORPORATE OFFICE FLOOR

Table 8.15 Requirements of corporate office floor

Small Offices Meetings Halls

Copy Room Electrical Room

MEP Room Dining Room

Stairs and Elevators Toilets

5- CLUBS

Table 8.16 Requirements of clubs

Restaurants Gymnasium (Male / Female)

Play Area Luxury Spa

Pools Corporate Conference Hall

BMS Room Maintenance Room

Electrical Room Mechanical Room

6- APARTMENTS

Table 8.17 Requirements of apartments

Lobby Corridor

Stairs And Elevators Emergency Exit

Studio Unit 3 Bed Rooms Unit

2 Bed Rooms Unit BMS Room


104

BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEBSITE REFERENCES

http://www.pc.gov.pk/

http://www.slideshare.net/senshots/masters-thesis-report-skyscraper-high-

rise-mixed-use-development

http://booksite.elsevier.com/samplechapters/9781856175555/02~Chapter_

1.pdf

http://bahriatown.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=40

5&Itemid=103

http://www.archdaily.com/791294/architects-for-urbanitys-urban-womb-

is-a-new-women-and-family-complex-facility-in-seoul-korea

http://www.archdaily.com/591401/paolo-venturella-s-molise-

headquarters-to-feature-rotating-parametric-pixels

http://www.archdaily.com/30025/mahanakhon-ole-scheeren-oma

https://klarkewang.wordpress.com/works/thesis-design-_-step2-_-

individual-architecture-design/

http://www.maha-nakhon.com/concept.php

http://synthitect.blogspot.com/2014/08/pixelism-new-modernism.html

http://www.gda.gov.pk/pages/progress.html

http://familyhouse.co/architecture-concept-diagram/architecture-concept-

diagram-and-architectural-concept-diagrams-architecture-concept-

diagram-concept/

http://www.gwadarinternational.com/towers.html

BOOKS REFERENCES

THESIS BOOKS

Pakistan Finance Trade Center Gwadar,

(Arain Salman Shahid, 2010, B. Archi, CEAD, MUET, Jamshoro)

Trade Centre Bahrain

(Abdul AhadDuad, 2010, B.Archi, UET, Lahore)

PERSONAL VISITS

Bahria Icon Tower, Karachi

Finance and Trade Center, Karachi

Ocean Mall, Karachi

New Dolmen Mall, Karachi

Al- Habib Bank, Hyderabad

http://www.pc.gov.pk/

http://www.slideshare.net/senshots/masters-thesis-report-skyscraper-high-rise-mixed-use-development

http://www.slideshare.net/senshots/masters-thesis-report-skyscraper-high-rise-mixed-use-development

http://booksite.elsevier.com/samplechapters/9781856175555/02~Chapter_1.pdf

http://booksite.elsevier.com/samplechapters/9781856175555/02~Chapter_1.pdf

http://bahriatown.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=405&Itemid=103

http://bahriatown.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=405&Itemid=103

http://www.archdaily.com/791294/architects-for-urbanitys-urban-womb-is-a-new-women-and-family-complex-facility-in-seoul-korea

http://www.archdaily.com/791294/architects-for-urbanitys-urban-womb-is-a-new-women-and-family-complex-facility-in-seoul-korea

http://www.archdaily.com/591401/paolo-venturella-s-molise-headquarters-to-feature-rotating-parametric-pixels

http://www.archdaily.com/591401/paolo-venturella-s-molise-headquarters-to-feature-rotating-parametric-pixels

http://www.archdaily.com/30025/mahanakhon-ole-scheeren-oma

https://klarkewang.wordpress.com/works/thesis-design-_-step2-_-individual-architecture-design/

https://klarkewang.wordpress.com/works/thesis-design-_-step2-_-individual-architecture-design/

http://www.maha-nakhon.com/concept.php

http://synthitect.blogspot.com/2014/08/pixelism-new-modernism.html

http://www.gda.gov.pk/pages/progress.html

http://familyhouse.co/architecture-concept-diagram/architecture-concept-diagram-and-architectural-concept-diagrams-architecture-concept-diagram-concept/



http://www.gwadarinternational.com/towers.html


105

Estate Life Building, Hyderabad

ANNEXURE A

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